Water Resources Demand Management at the National Level

[Philippines]

Bonifacio S. LabianoDivision Manager-A

Irrigation Engineering CenterNational Irrigation Administration

Jorge M. EstiokoChief

Monitoring and Enforcement DivisionNational Water Resources Board

1. Conditions and Strategies in Demand Management

a. Demand Situation Irrigation Development Perspective

Irrigable Area,3.126 M ha

Serviceable Area,1.543 M ha

Developed Area,1.543 M ha

Undeveloped Area,1.583 M ha

National Systems,0.767 M ha

Private Systems,0.217 M ha

Communal Systems,0.558 M ha

(as of 31 December 2010)

Incl

ude

smal

l sca

le ir

rigati

on s

yste

ms

SSIS

s)In

cons

iste

nt ir

rigati

on d

evel

opm

ent d

ata

a. Demand Situation Cropping Pattern Enrichment

Incr

ease

cro

ppin

g in

tens

itySe

t wet

-to-

wet

inte

rlap

b. Demand Forecasts Rice Self-Sufficiency Requirement

Parameter 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016Palay Yield Target, mt/ha 3.70 3.85 4.15 4.42 4.58 4.74 4.89 Δ Increase, kg/ha 148 295 274Harvested Area Target, M ha 4.387 4.534 4.632 4.779 4.920 5.060 5.199 Δ Increase, M ha 0.147 0.098 0.147Palay Requirement Projection, M mt 20.3 20.7 20.9 21.1 21.6 22.0 22.5Palay Production Target, M mt 16.2 17.5 19.2 21.1 22.5 24.0 25.4 % Rice Self-Sufficiency 80.2 84.4 91.9 100.0 104.4 108.8 113.0Roadmap Δ Production Target, M mt 1.218 1.746 1.920 1.273 1.462 1.438 NIA's Share, % 47.9 24.7 38.9 61.4 54.0 53.9 M mt 0.584 0.431 0.746 0.781 0.790 0.775 Increase in Harvested Area 0.377 0.255 0.426 0.412 0.411 0.408 Increase in Palay Yield 0.207 0.176 0.320 0.369 0.378 0.367 N

IA’s

shar

e is

36

perc

ent o

f the

tota

l inc

reas

e in

pa

lay

prod

uctio

n w

ithin

the

criti

cal p

erio

d

b. Demand Forecasts Water Appropriation Competition

Sectors

Factors

Supply

Demand

Agriculture Residential Commercial Industrial

GrowingExtent

ExpandingCoverage

DiminishingQuantity

Quality Deterioration

GrowingDemand

ClimateChange

WatershedDenudation

Rainfall Occurrence

Rainfall Intensity

StreamflowPattern

GrowingCompetition

c. Adaptation Measures Irrigation Performance Amplification

Gen

erat

e an

d re

stor

e se

rvic

eabl

e ar

eaIn

crea

se c

ropp

ing

inte

nsity

and

cro

p yi

eld

c. Adaptation Measures Farming System Upgrading

Legend:

Till, level and mark field: 40 x 40 cm

straight rows

Expands Soil Biota

Lowers Production Cost

Reduces Water Input

Apply organic fertilizer on frail spots: 3-5 kg/m2

Transplant very young seedlings: 8-

10 day old

Sow quality hybrid or inbred seeds: 5

kg/ha

Adopt modified 2-cm thick dapog nursery:

30 m2/ha

Spray 6-8 x @ 1 liorganic fertilizer

cum pesticide

Replant missing and frail hills within 10

DAT

Deweed using rotary weeder: 20, 30 and

40 DAT

Transplant one plant/hill in 2-way

straight rows

Adopt enhanced intermittent field irrigation: 3:7 day

Spread organic fertilizer during

tillage: 40 bag/ha

Increases Crop Yield

Rejuvenates Soil Function

Produces Organic Rice

Commands Higher Prices

Practices

Thrust

Benefits

Sustainable Irrigated

Agriculture

Com

pone

nt p

racti

ces

now

fam

iliar

with

farm

ers

Adop

tion

is h

owev

er s

till f

ragm

enta

l

d. Mitigation Measures Rotational Water Distribution

Alle

viat

es w

ater

sho

rtag

eIm

prov

es w

ater

pro

ducti

vity

e. Response Plans Quick-Resulting Projects

Mos

t criti

cal p

erio

d is

201

1 –

2012

Prio

ritize

mon

o-ye

ar p

roje

cts

Parameter 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013Annual Budget, P Billion 13.60 12.79 30.00 20.00FU Serviceable Area, M ha 1.483 1.542 1.595 1.650 1.795 Δ Generated Area, ha 7,106 27,140 89,196 65,401 Δ Restored Area, ha 45,889 28,290 55,240 27,874 Δ Rehabilitated Area, ha 149,495 100,680 90,789 29,186Cropping Intensity, % 1.40 1.44 1.47 1.50Harvested Area, M ha 1.815 2.025 2.145 2.450 WS Crop 0.915 0.965 1.020 1.165 DS Crop 0.860 0.915 0.970 1.110 3rd Crop 0.040 0.145 0.155 0.175 Δ Harvested Area, M ha 0.210 0.120 0.305Palay Yield, mt/ha Rainfed 2.77 2.83 3.08 3.08 Irrigated 4.20 4.38 4.65 5.01Δ Palay Production, M mt 0.862 0.449 1.144 Due to Area Increase 0.562 0.263 0.665 Due to Yield Increase 0.300 0.186 0.479

Δ Palay Prouction, M mt (commitment) 0.584 0.431 0.746

e. Response Plans Human Resource Strengthening

Institutional Reform

AgencyRationalization

Five-Year Plan Ending 2012

Experienced Staff Retired

NeededAction

TrainStaff

InterveningScenario

Rice Self-Sufficiency Roadmap

Unprecedented Workload

NeededAction

TrainStaff

IncreaseStaff

f. Recovery Plans Programs Convergence Initiative

Pumping Operations Subsidization

RemedialMeasures

Agriculture Public WorksEnvironment

FocusConcerns

RiceAreas

FloodControl

WatershedReforestation

AgenciesConverging

OperationsConstraint

High O&MCost

UnsustainableOperations

Low PayingCapacity

HalvedISF Rate

NIA gets Subsidy

NIA revisitsStrategies

2. Policies and Programs in Demand Management

a. National Policies Water Appropriation Prioritization

Hydraulic Regulation Improvement

WaterPrioritization

WaterRights

RemedialMeasure

ExistingPhenomenon

P-1: Water Supply

P-2: PowerGeneration

P-3: IrrigationSupply

UpstreamDiversion

Dedicated Source

SoundDecision

BeneficiaryShift

WaterSuperfluity US

WaterDeficit MS

WaterDeprivation DS

Standard Weir:Cross Regulator

Notched Weir:Offtake Intake

Caps Allowable Discharge

b. National Programs Irrigation System Modernization

Tran

sfer

s w

ater

man

agem

ent t

o ca

nal s

truc

ture

sM

akes

irrig

ation

sys

tem

s se

lf-di

agno

stic

b. National Programs Public Private Partnership

Execution

Targets

Allure

InvestmentCounterparting

Dam Aspect Only

MultipurposeDams

PowerPlants

Trimmed Investment

4 Projects in Pipeline

PurposeAccelerate

DevelopmentComplement

Resource

3. Lessons and Practices in Demand Management

a. Lesson Learned Pump Irrigation Profitability

Situation

Uncertainty

Impact

Advocacy

High &MCost

SubsidizedCost

Halved ISFRate

SubsidyStoppage

Low ISFCollections

Operations Sustainability

PISs at LowerPriority

Dries UpHand Pumps

PISs for Water Augmentation

Aquifer for Water Supply

4. Challenges and Needs in Demand Management

a. Management Challenges

Rank #1 - Diminishing Water Supply

Rank #2 - Balding Irrigation Watersheds

Rank #3 - Ineffective Hydraulic Regulation

Diminishing water supply vs. Growing water demand

Severe water regimes and rising silt load cut irrigation performance

Ineffective water control causes Inequitable water apportioning

b. Assistance Necessary Irrigation Modernization Piloting

Technical Capability Enhancement

Irrigation Statistics Validation

IRwM adoption still fragmental; Module impact needed proof

Serviceable area needed inventorying with mapping

Experienced staff retired; Retained staff needed trained

c. Adaptation Initiatives Irrigation System Modernization

Operations Constraints

Unique Situation

Current Thrusts

Water Supply

Shortage

IrrigationFacility

Dysfunction

Water Distribution

Inequitableness

Generate Serviceable

Area

Restore Serviceable

Area

Increase Harvested

Area

Irrigation Modernization

Module

Irrigation Engineering

Center

SystemImprovement

Plan

Development Process

Bad Experience Triggered

Insights/PapersSynthesized

d. Policy Considerations Design Waterduty Responsiveness

DesignAssumptions

Crop:Lowland

Rice

Scheme:Continuous Irrigation

Value: 1.5 li sec-1 ha-1

[13 mm day-1]

Irrigation Periods

AdequacyStatus

SaturationIrrigation

MaintenanceIrrigation

Inadequate:Saturation,

Submergence Adequate

Effective Rainfall

Year-RoundIrrigation

R3CPDefault

Wet-to-WetInterlap