working conditions, labour welfare and health safety

7/31/2019 Working Conditions, Labour Welfare and Health Safety

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WORKING CONDITIONS, LABOUR

WELFARE AND HEALTH SAFETY


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IMPORTANCE OF GOOD WORKING

CONDITION Improve the performance of the workers

Increased Productivity

Improved Quality of Products and Services

Less Wastage of resources

Improved Moral of Employees

Increases Profitability. Healthy workers are more productive and can produce at a higher quality;

Fewer work-related accidents and diseases lead to less absence. In turn,this results in lower costs and less disruption of the production processes;

Equipment and a working environment that are optimized to the needs ofthe working process and that are well-maintained lead to higherproductivity, better quality and less health and safety risks

Reduction of injuries and illnesses means less damages and lower risks forliabilities.


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Provision regar ing wor ing

conditions

FACTORIES ACT-1948 OBJECTIVE OF THE ACT

The Act seeks to impose upon the owner or the

occupier certain obligations to protect theworkers and to secure for them employment inconditions conducive to their health and safety

The Act has been enacted primarily with the

object of protecting workers employed infactories against industrial and occupationalhazards.


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Welfare Measures secs 42 to 49

Washing facilities. Sec42

Facilities for storing and drying clothing. Sec43

Facilities for sitting. Sec44

First-aid appliances one first aid box not less

than one for every 150 workers. Sec45

Canteens when there are 250 or more workers.Sec46

Shelters, rest rooms and lunch rooms when there

are 150 or more workers. Sec 47

Creches when there are 30 or more women

workers. Sec 48

Welfare office when there are 500 or more

workers. Sec 498/27/2012 4


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Labour Welfare

It includes various services, benefits and facilitiesoffered to employees by the employer.

Through such generous fringe benefits employers

makes life worth living for workers. The basic purpose of labour welfare is to enrich

the life of employees and keep them happy andcontented.

Labour laws require the employer to extendcertain benefits to employees in addition ofwages.


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Importance of Labour welfare

Enables workers to have a richer and moresatisfying life.

Raises the standard of living

Promotes a sense of belonging among workers,preventing them from resorting to unhealthypractices like absenteeism, labour turn over,strike etc.

Prevents social evils like drinking, gambling, etc.by improving the material, social and culturalconditions of work.


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Working Hours, Spread Over & Overtime of

Adults

Weekly hours not more than 48.Daily hours, not more than 9 hours.

Intervals for rest at least hour on

working for 5 hours.

Overlapping shifts prohibited.

Extra wages for overtime double than normal rate of

wages.

Restrictions on employment of women before 6AM and

beyond 7 PM. Secs. 51, 54 to 56, 59 & 60

8/27/2012 7


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TYPES OF WELFARE FACILITIES

Education

Housing

Transportation

Recreation

Other facilities:

Canteen, restrooms,

Washing facilities, medical aid, leave travelconcessions etc


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Employment of Young Persons

8/27/2012 9


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8/27/2012 10

EMPLOYMENT OF WOMAN

Prohibition of women workers at night shift

Women shall not be allowed to workin any factory except between the hours of

6 A.M. and 7 P.M..

The inspector may relax this norm but prohibited between

10 P.M. and 5 A.M.Working hours not more than-weekly 48 hours & daily 9

hours


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EMPLOYEE SAFETY

The main purpose of effective safety programs isto prevent work-related injuries and accidents.

A well managed factory will see that there are no

physical hazards such as:i) Slipping and falling hazards

ii) Obstruction and collision hazards

iii) Equipment hazardsiv) Hazards from falling objects

v) Fire hazards


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Importance of industrial safety

to prevent accidents in the plant by reducing the hazard tominimum.

to eliminate accident caused work stoppage and lostproduction.

to achieve lower workmens compensation, insurance ratesand reduce all other direct and indirect costs of accidents.

to prevent loss of life, permanent disability and the loss ofincome of worker by limiting causes of accidents.

to evaluate employees morale by promoting safe work

place and good working condition. to educate all members of the organization in continuous

state of safety mindness and to make supervisioncompetent and intensely safety minded


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To ensure Safety Measures secs 21 to 41

Fencing of machinery. Sec 21

Work on or near machinery in motion. sec22

Employment prohibition of young persons ondangerous machines. sec23

Striking gear and devices for cutting off power. sec24

Self-acting machines. Sec25Casting of new machinery. sec26

Prohibition of employment of women and children

near cotton-openers. Sec 27

Hoists and lifts. sec28

Lifting Machines, chains, ropes etc. sec 29

Revolving Machinery. sec30

Pressure Plant. Sec 31 13


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8/27/2012 14

Floors, staircases etc. Sec32Pits , sumps , openings & in floors, etc. Sec 33

Excessive weight. sec34

Protection of eyes. sec35

Precautions against dangerous fumes. sec36

Precaution in cases of fire.

sec38

&Specification of defective parts or tests

of stability. sec39Safety of building & machinery sec 40

Maintenance of building. sec41

secs 21 to 41

Safety Measures (contd)


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ACCIDENTS IN THE FACTORY

An accident may be defined as an unplanned

event or happening. This is, an accident is

something unexpected, not predictable,

foreseen or intended.

An unsafe act and / or unsafe condition cause

the accident event; resulting in interruption to

work activities, damage to property or injuryto a person.


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ACCIDENTS IN THE FACTORY

CAUSES:

UNSAFE CONDITIONS-include such facts as:improperly guarded equipments, defective

equipments, dangerous procedures in andaround machines or equipment, improperillumination and ventilation.

UNSAFE ACTS- throwing materials, operating

machines at unsafe speeds, using unsafeequipments, using unsafe procedure in loading,placing, mixing, lifting etc.


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Cost of Accidents

Injured person:

(i) Suffering and pain

(ii) Worry (iii)Absence of recreation

(iv)Loss of wages

(v)Medical expenses (vi)Loss of limb of life


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Cost of Accidents

Supervisor:

{i) Worry

(ii)Loss of prestige(iii)Selecting a training substitute

(iv)More supervision required for new man

(v)Loss of output(vi)Loss of Moral/confidence


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Cost of Accidents

Management

(a) Direct:

Compensation Payments

Medical expenses.


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(b) Indirect:

(i) Last of time of injured person.

(ii) Lost time of other employees

{iii} Lost time of foremen, supervisor or other executives

(iv) Cost of time spend by first aid attendant

(v) Cost due to damage to machines, tools, and other properties due tospoilage of material

(vi) Incidental cost due to interference with production (whole assembly line

could be stopped(vii) Cost under employee welfare and benefits schemes. Company will paythem.

(viii) Cost due to continuous of wages of injured worker in full for specifiedperiod.

(ix) Cost due to less of profit on the injured worker

(x) Overhead cost per injured worker.(xi) Miscellaneous expenses such as for hiring and training new employees,

over time wages, renting equipments, etc


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Accident Measurement

.The three types of accidents are;

I. Minor Accidents.2.Reportable Accidents

3.Fatal & Poisons Accidents


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Minor Accidents.

As it is clear from the word "M1NOR" that this

category of accident includes only those

accidents that are less harmful in nature to

workers and thus preventing the employee

from working for the period less than 48 hours

from the time of the accident.


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Reportable Accidents:

In this category the nature of accident is little

bit complicated then the minor accidents.

Here injuries caused to the worker prevent

him from working for the period of 48 hours

or more


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Fatal Accidents:

This category includes the highly complicated

accidents that could result in the death of the

injured worker. The death could occur on the

spot of the accident or due to unbearable

injuries causes to the worker means when

worker could not sustain those injuries.


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ACCIDENT REPORTS & RECORDS

Where any accident occurs in a factory which either -

(a) cases loss of life to a person employed in the factory;or

(b) disables any such person for more than two days from

earning full wages at the work at which he wasemployed,

The Manager of the factory or person having control ofthe machinery in such factory shall forthwith reportthe occurrence of such accident to the Chief FactoryInspector and in connection therewith he shall furnishsuch particulars as the Chief Factory Inspector in anycase from time to time require.


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The Manager of the factory or person having control ofthe machinery as aforesaid shall also from time to timein like manner report to the Chief Factory Inspector

(a) all accidental fires and explosions;

(b) the collapse or failure of any building or structure;

(c) accidents to machinery or plant which result in thecessation of work beyond the shift or day on which theaccident occurs;

(d) any industrial disease which may be prescribed by theChief Factory Inspector, which may occur in thefactory.

working conditions, labour welfare and health safety

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