welcome to presentation plus! presentation plus! glencoe world history: modern times copyright © by...

Presentation Plus! Glencoe World History: Modern TimesCopyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Developed by FSCreations, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio 45202

Send all inquiries to:

GLENCOE DIVISIONGlencoe/McGraw-Hill8787 Orion PlaceColumbus, Ohio 43240

Chapter Introduction

Section 1The Challenges of Our World

Section 2 Global Visions

Chapter Summary

Chapter Assessment

Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.


Key EventsAs you read this chapter, look for key issues that challenge the contemporary world.

Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information.Click the mouse button or press the

Space Bar to display the information.

• Today’s world faces the challenges of protecting and preserving the environment, addressing economic and social changes, implementing new technologies, resolving political conflicts, and eliminating international terrorism.

• The world’s inhabitants must adopt a cooperative global vision to address the problems that confront all humankind.

The Impact Today



The events that occurred during this time period still impact our lives today.

• The debate over nuclear weapons continues as European leaders question the United States government’s desire to deploy a nuclear missile defense system in outer space.

• Peacekeeping forces remain in the Balkan Peninsula.

• Automakers, fuel companies, and other manufacturers are developing methods to reduce harmful emissions.

Chapter Objectives



After studying this chapter, you should be able to:

• describe factors in the environmental crisis faced by all nations of the world.

• identify and explain the costs and benefits of the technological revolution.

• identify and describe the purpose and accomplishments of the United Nations.

• identify and describe alternative global visions for the future.

• The world faces environmental, social, economic, and political challenges.

Main Ideas



The Challenges of Our World

Key Terms• ecology • acid rain

• biowarfare • bioterrorism

• global economy

• deforestation • ozone layer • greenhouse effect

• The benefits of the technological revolution must be balanced against its costs.

• Rachel Carson

People to Identify• Buzz Aldrin

• Bhopal

Places to Locate• Sudan



• Chernobyl

• Neil Armstrong


• What challenges face the world in the twenty-first century?

Preview Questions



• What are the promises and perils of the technological revolution?


Preview of Events


In 1997, a 12-year-old named Sean Redden was using the Internet at his home in Texas when he saw a message on the Internet from a 20-year-old named Tarja Laitinen in Finland saying that she was having difficulty breathing. A series of telephone calls ended with Tarja being transported to a hospital in Finland. Sean had saved Tarja’s life from thousands of miles away.

The Environmental Crisis• **In 1962, American scientist Rachel

Carson warned in her book Silent Spring that the use of pesticides was harmful to the environment.

• *This is considered the beginning of the modern environmentalist movement.



• This warning gave rise to a new field of science called ecology–the study of the relationship between living things and their environment.

(pages 751–753)(pages 751–753)



The Environmental Crisis (cont.) • *Deforestation–the clearing of forests–

destroys the natural habitats for plants and animals.

• *The rapid destruction of tropical rain forests is worrisome because they support 50 percent of the world’s species of plants and animals although they only cover 6% of the Earth’s surface.

• ***Rain forests are crucial to human survival because they remove carbon dioxide from the air and return oxygen to it.

(pages 751–753)(pages 751–753)

• *Many scientists believe that the release of chlorofluorocarbons is destroying the ozone layer–a thin layer of gas in the upper atmosphere that shields the earth from the Sun’s ultraviolet rays.



The Environmental Crisis (cont.) • *Other scientists believe that the

greenhouse effect creates global warming by causing a buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

• **Global warming is a big issue today that could cause sea levels to rise and the flooding of coastal areas. It would also mean the extinction of many animals.

• The Polar Bear has just been placed on the list of endangered species because their habitats (ice caps and glaciers) are disappearing at an alarming rate.

(pages 751–753)(pages 751–753)



The Environmental Crisis (cont.) • *Another problem is acid rain–the rainfall

that results when sulfur produced by factories mixes with moisture in the air.

• Acid rain is killing forests in North America and Europe.

(pages 751–753)(pages 751–753)



The Environmental Crisis (cont.) • *Major ecological disasters, such as the

release of chemical toxic fumes in Bhopal, India, by Dupont Chemicals killing 3800 and injuring 100,000 and a nuclear explosion at Chernobyl, have occurred in the last 20 years.

• *In 1989, the Exxon tanker Valdez ran aground in Alaska spilling millions of gallons of crude oil killing thousands of fish, birds, and other animals.

• This accident is why our government is reluctant to open up new areas for oil drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Reserve.

(pages 751–753)(pages 751–753)

Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the answer.


Why are tropical rain forests crucial to human survival?

They remove carbon dioxide from the air and return oxygen to it.

The Environmental Crisis (cont.)

(pages 751–753)(pages 751–753)



The Technological Revolution

(pages 753–754)(pages 753–754)

• Modern transportation and communication systems are changing the world.

• The Internet provides quick access to an enormous amount of information.

• The development of the World Wide Web in the 1990s made the Internet accessible to people everywhere.

• Other technology, such as satellites and cellular phones, allow people to communicate almost instantaneously with others throughout the world.

The Technological Revolution (cont.) • ***In 1969, American astronauts Neil

Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed on the moon. Armstrong was the first to walk on the moon.

• **In 1986, the space shuttle Challenger exploded just after liftoff killing all seven astronauts aboard.

• **In 2003, seven astronauts were killed when the Columbia abruptly disintegrated over Texas in the last minutes of a 16-day mission.

(pages 753–754)(pages 753–754)



The Technological Revolution (cont.) • New medicines and new technologies

help doctors treat more illnesses than ever before.

• **Some scientists question whether genetic engineering might create new strains of deadly bacteria that cannot be controlled.

• **Stem-cell research and cloning have also caused great ethical and moral debates.

(pages 753–754)(pages 753–754)



The Technological Revolution (cont.) • *The Green Revolution, the development

of new strains of rice, corn and other grains has increased crop yields; but large amounts of chemical fertilizers are needed to grow the new strains of crops.

• The pesticides needed to control the insects for the new crops damage the environment.

(pages 753–754)(pages 753–754)



The Technological Revolution (cont.) • Nuclear weapons continue to spread,

making a regional nuclear war possible.

• **Biowarfare and bioterrorism, or the use of biological and chemical weapons in wartime and in terrorist attacks, remain a threat despite attempts to limit the use of such weapons.

• **In 1995, members of a Japanese religious sect released a chemical agent called sarin gas in a Tokyo subway killing 12 and injuring thousands.

(pages 753–754)(pages 753–754)

• *Over 42 million people worldwide have AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome).

• *AIDS is caused by a virus known as HIV and weakens the immune system so that your body can’t fight off other illnesses.

• AIDS is transferred through body fluids.



What technological developments since World War II have increased communication throughout the world?

Communication technology includes the Internet, the World Wide Web, satellites, cable television, facsimile machines, and cellular phones.

The Technological Revolution (cont.)

(pages 753–754)(pages 753–754)



Economic and Social Challenges

(pages 754–755)(pages 754–755)

• *Since World War II, countries of the world have developed a global economy–an economy in which the production, distribution, and sale of goods take place on a worldwide scale.

• **The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established in 1995 and is the only global international organization dealing with rules of trade among nations.



• **The global economy has created a large gap between the rich industrialized nations and the poor developing countries that are primarily farming nations with little technology.

• Population growth and hunger are staggering problems.

• Civil wars in countries such as Sudan often lead to food shortages.

• *The Darfur region of Africa is undergoing genocide on a massive scale with millions dying.

Economic and Social Challenges(cont.)

(pages 754–755)(pages 754–755)



• In Western countries, the gap between the status of men and women has steadily been narrowing.

• Women in developing countries continue to face difficulties in obtaining education, property rights, or decent jobs.


(pages 754–755)(pages 754–755)

• **A world population of about 6 billion today is expected to be 9 billion by 2050.



What problems face developing countries?

Developing countries generally have rapid population growth. Many people move to cities to find jobs. The size of cities has grown dramatically, leading to slums or shantytowns. Hunger is a large problem in developing countries.


(pages 754–755)(pages 754–755)



Political Challenges

(page 755)(page 755)

• Most African and Asian leaders wanted democracy after World War II.

• *Developing countries after World War II generally replaced democratic systems with military dictatorships or one-party governments.

• In recent years, there has been a revival of interest in democratic systems in parts of Asia, Africa, and Latin America.



Political Challenges (cont.) • ***Regional, ethnic, and religious

differences continue to create conflict around the world.

• ***One of the most dangerous religious conflicts in the middle east is between the Israelis and the Palestinians.

• *Iran has stated its goal is to wipe Israel off the face of the earth; this is the reason why the United States refuses to have diplomatic relations with Iran.




What political challenges face the world today?

Regional, ethnic, and religious differences create conflict around the world. International terrorist groups seek to wreak havoc around the world.

Political Challenges (cont.)


__ 1. the rainfall that results when sulfur produced by factories mixes with moisture in the air

__ 2. the clearing of forests

__ 3. a thin layer of gas in the upper atmosphere that shields Earth from the Sun’s ultraviolet rays

__ 4. the study of the relationships between living things and their environment

__ 5. global warming caused by the buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

A. ecology

B. deforestation

C. ozone layer

D. greenhouse effect

E. acid rain

Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column.

E

Checking for Understanding

Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the answers.Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the answers.

BC

A

D

Explain why it is difficult for developing nations to establish industrial economies. What specific problems are many developing nations attempting to solve?


Growing populations burden the economies. Problems include disease control, health, a stable government, and environmental problems.






List three countries in which free elections have demonstrated great progress toward democracy. Also list three types of political challenges that remain unsolved and give an example of each.

South Korea, Taiwan, and the Philippines are three countries in which free elections have demonstrated great progress toward democracy.

Critical Thinking



Analyze What are the individual and global consequences of overpopulation?

Individual consequences of overpopulation are hunger and poverty. Global consequences of overpopulation are deforestation, the loss of plant and animal species, and the greenhouse effect.

Analyzing Visuals



Compare the photo on page 753 to the photo of the International Space Station on page 749 of your textbook. Describe the advances and changes in space technology that are reflected in these two photos. How many years have elapsed between the two photos?

Apollo 11 was not meant to orbit for long periods. The Space Station carries entire crews for extended periods. Thirty-one years have elapsed between the two photos.

Close

Review the challenges described in this section and select one that causes you the greatest concern. Explain why this challenge concerns you and ways you can address it.



• Organizations have been established to respond to global challenges.

Main Ideas

Global Visions

Key Terms• peacekeeping force

• disarmament

• Citizens’ groups and nongovernmental organizations have also formed to address global concerns.



• Franklin Delano Roosevelt

People to Identify• Elise Boulding

• China

Places to Locate

• Canada

• Hazel Henderson

Global Visions



• What international organization arose at the end of World War II to help maintain the peace?

Preview Questions

• How have ordinary citizens worked to address the world’s problems?

Global Visions

Preview of Events

Global Visions

United Nations peacekeeping forces have been sent on missions that have lasted for many years, such as the 40-year mission to supervise the truce between India and Pakistan. Other UN missions have lasted for only a few months. Over 1,450 members of peacekeeping forces have died while helping keep the peace.



The United Nations

(pages 756–757)(pages 756–757)

• **The United Nations (UN) was founded in 1945 in San Francisco with two main goals: 1) to help maintain peace and; 2) maintain human dignity after

World War II.

• U.S. president Franklin Delano Roosevelt was especially eager to create such an organization.

• *The UN General Assembly is made up of representatives of all member nations.



The United Nations (cont.) • ***The UN Security Council is made up

of 5 permanent members–the United States, Russia, Great Britain, France, and China.

• Ten members are chosen by the General Assembly to serve limited terms in the Security Council.

• *The United Nations has provided peacekeeping forces, which are military forces drawn from neutral member states to settle conflicts and supervise truces.

(pages 756–757)(pages 756–757)

• *The U.N. secretary-general handles the day to day operations from the world headquarters in New York City.

• **The weakness of the United Nations has been due to the rivalry between the two superpowers during the Cold War—United States and Russia.



What is a basic weakness of the United Nations?

The United Nations has been subject to the whims of the two superpowers–the United States and the Soviet Union. The rivalry of these two countries during the Cold War made it difficult to reduce the arms race between the superpowers.

The United Nations (cont.)

(pages 756–757)(pages 756–757)



New Global Visions

(pages 757–758)(pages 757–758)

• Social movements led by ordinary citizens are one way that global issues have been successfully addressed.

• *Hazel Henderson wrote in Creating Alternate Futures that people should be active in forming public interest groups.

• *She believes citizen groups can be an important force for greater global unity and justice.



New Global Visions (cont.) • *Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)

are important to the cultivation of global perspectives.

• **NGOs include such organizations as businesses and disarmament groups, which work to limit or reduce arm forces and weapons.

• *The American educator Elise Boulding has actively promoted the creation of NGO’s.

• By 1995 there were about 29,000 NGOs worldwide.

(pages 757–758)(pages 757–758)



New Global Visions (cont.) • *Political, ethnic, and religious conflicts

hinder global solutions to global problems.

• *The United States and Canada have argued about the effects of acid rain on Canadian forests.

• *Religious differences between Hindus and Muslims inflame tensions between Pakistan and India (both nuclear powers).

(pages 757–758)(pages 757–758)

• The study of world history is vital because a lack of involvement in the affairs of society can easily lead to a sense of powerlessness.

• An understanding of our world heritage and its lessons might well give us the opportunity to make wise choices in an age that is often crisis laden and chaotic.

• We are all creators of history.

• The choices we make in our everyday lives will affect the future of world civilization.



Why are NGOs an important approach to solving global problems?

NGOs are identified with interests that transcend national boundaries, define problems in global terms, and take account of human interests and needs as they are found in all parts of the planet.

New Global Visions (cont.)

(pages 757–758)(pages 757–758)

__ 1. a military force drawn from neutral members of the United Nations to settle conflicts and supervise truces

__ 2. a limit or reduction of armed forces and weapons

A. peacekeeping force

B. disarmament

Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column.

A

B



Explain why global approaches to global problems are sometimes difficult to coordinate.


Global approaches to global problems are sometimes difficult to coordinate because they are often hindered by political, ethnic, and religious disputes.






List the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. How many members serve limited terms at any one time?

The permanent members of the United Nations Security Council are the United States, Great Britain, Russia, France, and China.

Critical Thinking

Analyze Why was an international peacekeeping organization created after World War II?

An international peacekeeping organization was created after World War II to prevent future wars and to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights.



Describe the photo on page 757 of your textbook in your own words. Then explain why peacekeepers wear military clothing.

Analyzing Visuals

Peacekeeping forces are military forces drawn from neutral member states to settle conflicts. Their clothing signifies their military status.



Close

Discuss the methods used by the United Nations to improve the living conditions of people throughout the world.

Chapter Summary

At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the world has become a global society. Nations are politically and economically dependent on each other, and the world’s problems are of a global nature, as shown in the chart on the following slide.

Chapter Summary

1. The destruction of large forests and jungles that affects the world’s climate, animals, and plants is called _______________.

2. A _______________ is based on the interdependency of nations’ economic systems.

3. The science of _______________ studies the relationship between living things and their environment.

4. Organizations that seek to limit or reduce armed forces and weapons are called _______________ groups.

5. When the sulfur produced by factories mixes with moisture in the air the result is _______________.

Insert the key term that best completes each of the following sentences.

Using Key Terms


deforestation

global economy

ecology

disarmament

acid rain

Science and Technology Explain the greenhouse effect and the problems it could create.

Reviewing Key Facts

The greenhouse effect takes place when temperatures on Earth rise because of the buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. It causes global warming, which could cause sea levels to rise because of melting polar ice, flooding coastal areas.



Reviewing Key Facts



History When and where did the world’s nations meet to discuss environmental issues?

In 1987, representatives from 46 nations met in Montreal to discuss ways to reduce the emission of chlorofluorocarbons. In 1992, an Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro proposed solutions to environmental challenges.

Reviewing Key Facts



Citizenship Why are nongovernmental organizations taking greater responsibility for protecting the world’s environment?

They identify with interests that transcend national boundaries, defining problems in global terms, whereas government agencies would take a limited national approach.

Reviewing Key Facts



Government What is the United Nations Security Council? Why is it difficult for this council to make decisions?

The Security Council is composed of 5 permanent members and 10 members chosen by the General Assembly to serve limited terms. It decides what actions the UN should take to settle international disputes. It is difficult to make decisions because each of the 5 permanent members has veto power.

Reviewing Key Facts



Citizenship What is the slogan of grassroots public interest groups? What kind of issues do these groups address, and what kind of members do these groups usually attract?

“Think globally, act locally.” These groups deal with issues such as environmental problems, women’s and men’s liberation, human potential, appropriate technology, and nonviolence. They attract ordinary citizens.

Critical Thinking



Evaluating Analyze the interdependency of developing and industrialized nations.

Industrialized nations import natural resources and expect lower labor costs in developing nations. Developing nations depend upon industrialized nations for capital infusion to develop new industries.

Critical Thinking



Cause and Effect Explain the increased potential for regional nuclear wars since the Soviet Union disintegrated.

The Cold War ended with the disintegration of the Soviet Union, reducing the risk of a major nuclear war. However, nuclear weapons continue to spread, making a regional war possible.

Analyzing Maps and ChartsStudy the map below and answer the questions on the following slides.

Where is the radioactive fallout most concentrated?

The radioactive fallout is most concentrated around Greece and Turkey.



Analyzing Maps and Charts




Where are the furthest traces of radioactive fallout found (using Chernobyl as the point of origin)?

The furthest traces of radioactive fallout are found in the western United States and Canada.


What global effects did the explosion at Chernobyl have?

The fallout covered almost two-thirds of the Northern Hemisphere.





Which of the following statements is not true about the United Nations (UN)?

F There are five permanent members of the SecurityCouncil.

G Its chief goals are peace and the protection of humanrights.

H It is easy to get UN members to agree on a course ofaction.

J Several UN committees have tackled global poverty and environmental issues.

Test-Taking Tip If a question contains a key word such as not or except, slow down. Reread the question to make sure you understand it completely.

Directions: Choose the best answer to the following question.

Standardized Test Practice

How can the world’s nations eliminate terrorism?

Possible answers: The world’s nations can eliminate terrorism by engaging in international cooperation to locate terrorist cells, eliminating their funding sources, capturing their leaders, and bringing them to trial. They can also impose stricter immigration laws and introduce increased security measures.



Explore online information about the topics introduced in this chapter.

Click on the Connect button to launch your browser and go to the Glencoe World History: Modern Times Web site. At this site, you will find interactive activities, current events information, and Web sites correlated with the chapters and units in the textbook. When you finish exploring, exit the browser program to return to this presentation. If you experience difficulty connecting to the Web site, manually launch your Web browser and go to http://wh.mt.glencoe.com

Political Systems Select a contemporary event that is under debate. Once you have chosen an event, apply your knowledge of political systems to make decisions about the event. You may analyze information by drawing conclusions as part of your decision-making process. For example, you could consider how different political systems might influence the outcome or resolution of your chosen event.

You have been assigned a research project about Brazil’s rain forest. To vividly present the important issues to your classmates, you would like to show them slides of the endangered animals and plants in the rain forest, along with videos of the region and recordings of native music. This type of presentation is called a multimedia presentation because it uses a variety of media, such as photographs, music, and video, to convey information to others.

Why Learn This Skill?

This feature can be found on page 759 of your textbook.This feature can be found on page 759 of your textbook.

Developing Multimedia Presentations

At its most basic, a multimedia presentation can be as simple as using equipment such as a slide projector, a VCR, a TV, and a portable stereo. You can use pre-recorded materials or make your own videotapes or sound recordings.

Learning the Skill

This feature can be found on page 759 of your textbook.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.



With the right tools, you can also develop a multimedia presentation on a computer. Computer presentations can combine text, graphics, audio, animation, and video in an interactive program. To create this kind of presentation, you might use traditional graphic tools and draw programs, animation programs that make still images move, and authoring systems that tie everything together. Your computer manual will tell you which tools your computer can support.

Practicing the Skill


Suppose you want to give a report about the importance of the Brazilian rain forest. Ask yourself the questions on the following slides to develop an effective multimedia presentation.






• Which forms of media do I want to include? Video? Sound? Photographs? Graphics? Animation? Anything else?

• What equipment would I need to present the media I want to use?

• If I want to make a computer presentation, which of these media forms does my computer support?



• What kind of software programs or systems do I need? A graphics program? An animation program? A program that allows users to interact with the on-screen presentation? An authoring system that will allow me to change images, sound, and motion?

• Is there a “do-it-all” program I can use to develop the kind of presentation I want?



Read A Time for Heroes on page 750 of your textbook. Then answer the questions on the following slides.


Rescue workers search for survivors in the ruins of the World Trade Center

Discuss the meanings of the words hero, courage, duty, and sacrifice.


How did the individuals who responded to the terrorist attacks show these qualities?


What is the meaning of the sentence “Freedom and fear are at war”?

Possible answer: President George W. Bush may have meant that the terrorists who planned the attack were motivated by fear–a fear of freedom and democracy.

This feature can be found on page 750 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

This feature can be found on page 750 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

In what ways has the technological revolution been a turning point?

In The 21st Century

After viewing “In the 21st Century,” you should:

Objectives

• Understand ways in which the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, changed both the United States and the world.

• Understand the importance of international cooperation in defeating international terrorism.

• Recognize that terrorists are not representative of Muslims or the Arab community.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Click in the window above to view a preview of The World History–Modern Times video.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Click in the window above to view a preview of The World History–Modern Times video.

In The 21st Century

What key event happened in Afghanistan in 1979, leading to a cycle of division and violence?

The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 led to civil wars and fostered support for al-Qaeda.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.


In The 21st Century



Why is the Masai warriors' gift of cattle to the 9/11 victims significant?

By donating their most valuable possession, the Masai showed how touched they were by the suffering caused by the 9/11 attacks.

Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the answers.

The information highway will overcome geographic boundaries.

People of a particular ethnic group can strengthen their ties with other members of the group all over the world.

It will be relatively easy and inexpensive to access; most people in the world will have access to it.

Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the answers.

participate in or start an NGO encourages local actions in

support of or to stop practices in other countries

United States and Canada

End of Custom ShowsWARNING! Do Not Remove

This slide is intentionally blank and is set to auto-advance to end custom

shows and return to the main presentation.

welcome to presentation plus! presentation plus! glencoe world history: modern times copyright © by...

Documents

mouse button

space bar

speaker button

political challenges

outer space

todays world

contemporary world

technological revolution