Welcome to Physics

Course Introduction

Introductions and Paperwork

Teacher introductionStudent Information CardsWebsite: pages.cms.k12.nc.us/janetraybon

Introduction activity

What You will Need…..

1. Notebook for notes, handouts, etc. This can be a section of your binder or a separate composition notebook.

2. Composition or spiral notebook for labs.3. Pencils4. Blue or black pens5. Graphing calculator

(this course is practically all math and you will find it less stressful if you have a calculator. It should be brought to class every day.)

6. Extra batteries for your calculator. 7. Colored pencils8. Box of tissues 9. Bottle of hand sanitizer10.Most important: Good attitude and work ethic

Classroom Expectations…..

Ask questions if you

are unsure or do not

Understand.

Know the directions and

Rules and follow them.

Don’t deviate.

Respect others even if they Are not like you.

No food or drink Aim high.Come prepared.Leave with knowledge. Be on time To class. Avoid these guys. Good behavior =

no referrals

Lab Safety: For your protection and mine

1. Read and follow all directions as given by the teacher. 2. Use appropriate safety

equipment: goggles, apron, fume hood, etc.

3. Wear appropriate shoes andclothing.

4. No playing around. 5. Follow rules for electrical

safety: Inspect cords and equipmentfor damage prior to using.

6. Keep workspace neat and free of clutter. 7. Clean up after you finish.

What is Physics?

• Branch of science that involves the study of the physical world (physical science)– Energy– Matter– Relationships between energy and matter

• Includes: – Forces, motion, electrical circuits, gravity,

rotational motion, momentum, simple machines, work and energy, thermal energy, waves, sound, light, magnetism, quantum theory, atoms, nuclear physics

Math in Physics

• Math skills are essential to physics. • Equations are an essential part and serve as

ways to model observations and make predictions.

• Numerical data is often used to support conclusions.

• Math Handbook: in your text at the back

Significant Figures (digits)

• Valid digits in a measurement• All of the digits in the measurement that you can read plus 1

estimated or guessed digit• Readings depend on the measuring device• Basic rules:

– All non-zero digits are significant– Zeroes between non-zero digits are significant– Leading zeros are not significant even with a decimal

present– Trailing zeros are ONLY significant if a DECIMAL is present

in the measurement

Units, Units, Units…

• System International d’Unites (SI) or the adapted version known as the metric system is used in science.

• 7 base units (from direct measurement)• Additional units are derived from the seven base

units (combinations of base units)• Example: mass and volume can be measured directly

using a balance and graduated cylinder. Density however is a derived unit obtained from the relationship between mass and volume D=m/v

Rounding

SI Base UnitsBase Quantity Unit of measure abbreviation

Time Second sec

Mass Kilogram kg

Length Meter m

Temperature Kelvin K

Amount of substance Mole mol

Electric current Ampere A

Luminous intensity Candela cd

(chart courtesy of Glencoe Physics: Principles and Problems, Zitzewitz, et. al. 2005, McGraw-Hill, New York)

Prefixes Used with SI units..(chart courtesy of Glencoe Physics: Principles and Problems, Zitzewitz, et. al. 2005, McGraw-Hill, New York)

Prefix Symbol Multiplier Scientific Notation

example

femto- f 0.000000000000001 10-15 femtosecond

pico- p 0.000000000001 10-12 picometer

nano- n 0.000000001 10-9 nanometer

micro- μ 0.000001 10-6 microgram

milli- m 0.001 10-3 milliamps

centi- c 0.01 10-2 centimeter

deci- d 0.1 10-1 deciliter

kilo- k 1000 103 kilometer

mega- M 1000000 106 megagram

giga- G 1000000000 109 gigameter

tera- T 1000000000000 1012 terahertz

Conversions and Conversion Factors

• Using dimensional analysis allows you to treat units as algebraic quantities which can be cancelled.

• Steps: – Write out given quantity.– Decide what units the final answer needs. – Choose a conversion factor that allows you to

cancel the units given using multiplication and/or division and leave units desired for final answer.

• Example: How many megahertz is 750 kilohertz? Given: 750 kilohertzUnits for final answer: megahertz1 megahertz = 1000kilohertzSet up: 750 kilohertz x 1 megahertz = ?

1000 kilohertz

Try it…..

1. Convert 5021 centimeters to kilometers?

2. How many seconds are in a leap year?

3. Convert the speed 5.30 m/s to km/hr.

Scientific Notation

• Used to express large numbers • Makes working with large numbers easier• To convert a number to scientific notation

– Move decimal so that there is one non-zero digit to the left of the decimal

– Ex. 3000000 3.000000 then add x10 and the exponent that represents how many spaces that the decimal was moved

– 3.000000 x 106

• To convert a number from scientific notation to regular notation

• Move the decimal left (for a negative exponent) and right (for a positive exponent) the number of spaces as indicated by the exponent

• Example: 2.36 x 10-3 would be 0.002362.25 x 102 would be 225

Collecting Data, Making Measurements

• Accuracy• Precision• Technique• Variables

Creating Graphs for Representing data

• Linear• Non-linear• Inverse relationships