Paperwork Stuff

•Clinic – anyone who has yet to make up the last test!

Warm-Up

Think about where your ancestors came from. Make a list on the board. Is there a pattern?

Where did your ancestors come from?Europe North

AmericaSouth

AmericaAsia Africa Australia

Do you see a pattern? %? Why do you think this is?

CHAPTER 4Hope & Hardhship

A person who enters another country in order to settle there.

A person who leaves a country in order to settle in a another one.

Push Factors(Reasons why people left

there homes)

____________________________ _________________________ (fill in the above continent) (Fill in the above continent)

Pull Factors(Reasons that attract immigrants to a new country)

Why did Immigrants come to the U.S.?

Lack of _________ lost to machines Persecution PersecutionRevolution / / Hard times

Political Religious Freedom Life (easier) was there

Why did Immigrants come to America?

Typical Occupations in America

Italians•Cholera epidemic in 1880’s

•Land shortage for peasants; landlords charge high rent

•Food shortages

•Poverty, unemployment

Italians•Unskilled labor – dock work, construction, railroads

•Some skilled labor, such as bricklayers, stonemasons, and other trades

East Europeans•Russians, Poles; land shortages for peasants, unemployment, high taxes; long military draft.

•Jews: discrimination, poverty, and recurring pogroms.

East Europeans•Poles: farmers, coal miners, steel and textile millworkers; meatpacking

•Jews: laborers, garment workers, merchants.

Chinese•Famine

•Land shortage for peasants

•civil war (Taiping rebellion)

Chinese•Railroad and construction workers; some skilled labor

•Merchants, small businesses

Difficult Journey• -slept and ate on the bottom level of the ship.  •Fed lukewarm soup, boiled potatoes, and stringy beef.•The beds (berths) were narrow and sometimes stacked three high.    •2,000 people in this area•On the return trip

filled the same

spaces!•In such close quarters

.

Roughly $700 today

•Ship companies limited how much luggage immigrants could bring.•The amount they could bring depended upon the type of fare they paid. •Some people just had bundles tied together, others took cardboard boxes, trunks, suitcases, baskets and leather sacks.

Difficult Journey•Sometimes a family would come all at once but many times they would come separately.  The oldest child and father might immigrate to the new country while the mother and other children would stay behind.  After the father and oldest child had worked and earned money for the passage of the others, they would send for them.

•If the weather was good, people would try and stay on the deck.  •The children would play games such as marbles and dominoes. They also spent time with people from many different places and learned words from other languages.  •Mothers would wash their children's hair on the deck.  •Other people would do chores on the ship with the sailors. 

Difficult Journey

Immigrants faced many difficulties on the journey to the United States.•Dangerous weather•Disease / Death

•Once here though – they still had to pass a physical exam and a citizen ship test.

Arrival

EAST COAST

ELLIS ISLAND

Most European

Immigrants entered here.

New York Harbor – Liberty Island and Ellis Island

1892 – Ellis Island Opened, Closed in 19541990 – opened as a Museum

2% denied

West Coast

ANGEL ISLAND

Most AsianImmigrants

entered here.

San Francisco Bay Used After 1910

Who Old New Today

When 1840-1860 1860-1900 2000

Settled on the Frontier Frontier Closed – Settled in/near cities

From

Where

Northern & Western Europeans

English, Irish, German, Scandinavian

Southern & Eastern Europeans

Italians, Polish, Greeks, Russians, Hungarians

Asians

Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Indian, Filipino

Americans

Mexico, Caribbean

Asians

Chinese, Indian, Filipino

Language

Religion

Some spoke English

Mostly Protestant, some Catholics

Few spoke English

Catholic, Jewish, Eastern Orthodox, Buddhist, Daoist

Most speak English

Catholic & Protestant

How Ellis Island Ellis & Angel Island Customs at Airports

2 Activities to complete

• Graphing – Old and New Immigrants

• Mapping – Old and New Immigrants