情态动词modal verbs1.分类

2.用法

3.关注

can, could, be able to *be able to 能用于各种时态。 can / could 只能表示现在或过去的能力。 *was / were able to : “ 设法做成某事” 相当于 managed to do sth.

succeeded in doing sth.

1.To talk about ability

2. To talk about obligation

ought to/should have to must

*have to 能用于各种时态 , 且有人称和数的变化 .

ought to 的否定式为 ought not to/oughtn’t to

强

3. To talk about uncertainty

might may should ought to will must强

may / might, can / could

* might, could 比较委婉 , 一般多用于疑问句 .

* can, may 表达的语言比较随便 .

* 在以 could, might 表示征询对方意见 或表示请求时，回答应相应使用 can, may.

4. To talk about permission

will can could would 5. To make requests

6. To make suggestionsShall we do some exercise this morning?

7. To make offers

8. To give advice

Shall I get a ticket for you?

You should not/ought not to eat a lot before swimming.

1. A computer ______ think for itself; it must

be told what to do.

A. can’t B. couldn’t

C. may not D. might not

2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly

but everyone ______ get out.

A. had to B. would

C. could D. was able to

A

D

3. They will ______ run this machine on their

own in three months.

A. can B. could C. may D. be able to

D

4. — Could I borrow your dictionary?

— Yes, of course you _______.

A. might B. will C. can D. should

5. — Might I watch TV after supper?

— Yes, you ________.

A. may B. must C. might D. can

C

A

表示推测——情态动词的重要用法 .

肯定的推测

可能的推测

否定的推测

疑问的推测

must

对将来 对现在 对过去情态动词

may, mightcould

can’t, couldn’t

can, could

+ V. + V. + have done常见 must be + be doing

+ V. + V. + have done + be doing +V. + V. + have done

+ be doing

+ V. + V. + have done + be doing

1. I don't know where she is, she _______ be in

Wuhan.

2. At this moment, our teacher ________________

our exam papers.

这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。 3. The road is wet. It ________________ last night.

昨晚一定下雨了 .

4. Your mother ______________________ for you.

　你妈妈一定一直在找你。

may

must be marking

must have rained

must have been looking

5. Philip ________________________ seriously in

the car accident. 菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤 .

6. ---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is

still here.

　 ---She _____________________ (go) by bus.

7. Mike ________________ his car, for he came to

work by bus this morning.

　迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐 公共汽车来上班的。

may (might) have been hurt

may (might) have gone

can’t have found

1. 情态动词： shall, will 的多种意义 :

shall / will+ 动词原形 :

* shall 可表示必须、命令、 警告或征询意见 .

* will 可表示意愿、常出现的动作、在疑问句 中表示请求和建议 .

* 均可表示将来。 过去时为 should, would.

1. He ______ be punished if he disobeys.

如果他不服从 , 就要受到惩罚 .

2. We are not going to quarrel at all if you ____

only let me speak.

只要你让我说话 , 我们根本就不会吵架 .

3. --Sir, ____ he go or stay?

--Let him go.

A. will B. shall C. might D. could

shall

will

B

4. The door _______ open.

这门经常打不开 .

5. Ronald ______ stay in his small garden for

a long time every day in the past.

A. could B. might C. should D. would

6. You _____ have the book after I read it.

我看完以后一定把这本书给你 .

won’t

D

shall

2. 表示否定的情态动词的用法 :

部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点点之一。 mustn’t 不准 , 禁止

needn’t 没必要 ( = don’t have to )

can’t 不能 ; 不可能may not 不可以 ; 可能不shouldn’t 不应该 ( = ought not to )

3. 情态动词 + have done• （ 1 ）表对过去所发生事情的推测• （ 2 ）虚拟语气

Must have done 对过去所发生事情的肯定推测

例： You must have worked hard for a long time, for your performance is wonderful

其否定表达为： can’t / couldn’t have done

例： Your brother couldn’t have gone abroad, for I saw him last night

• 1. I could have called you for help, but I didn’t remember your number.

• 2. His illness was too serious; otherwise he could have been saved.

• 3. I might have given you more help, but I was too busy

4. dare / need

• dare to do / need to do

• don’t dare (to) do / don’t need to do ( 实义动词 )

• dare do / need do

• dare not do / need not do ( 情态动词 )

既可作为实义动词（陈述 / 肯定句），也可作为情态动词（疑问 / 否定句）

语态 (Voice) 是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。被动语态 (Passive Voice) 表示句子的主语是动作的承受者。其句子的谓语动词是： be + V-ed 形式。

语态 (Voice) 是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。被动语态 (Passive Voice) 表示句子的主语是动作的承受者。其句子的谓语动词是： be + V-ed 形式。

怎样将主动语态改为被动语态 ?

1. 将主动句的宾语变为主语 .

2. 将主动句的动词改为 be + 过去分词，注意 be 的时态 .

3. 如果必要，将主动语态的主语改为 by… ，放在谓语动词后 .

When do we use the passive voice?

Many houses will be built here.

1. 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。

The song “The East is Red” was written by a poor peasant.

2. 强调动作的发出者。

The plan was supported by those who wished to have more chances to speak English.

3. 动作的执行者有较长的修饰语。

You are requested to attend the meeting.

4. 出于礼貌 , 不愿意说出动作的执行者。

Summary:

时态 主动语态 被动语态

一般现在时

现在进行时

现在完成时

do/does are/is done

am/is/

are doing

has/have done

am/is/are being done

have/has been done

一般将来时

一般过去时

过去进行时

过去完成时

be going to/will do

did

was/were doing

had done

be going to/will be done

was/were done

was/were being done

had been done

Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given:

1. I __________ (give) a new book by my father on my birthday.

2. English __________ (find) very useful.3. The work ___________________

(finish) tomorrow.4. The flowers ____________________

(water) by them now.

was given

is foundwill be finished

are being watered

5. The railway ______________ (build) this time last year.6. The new way ____ already _________ (build).7. The new railway ________________ (build) by the end of last year.8. He told me the sports meeting _____________ (hold) the next month.9. Rice ________ (grow) in the south of the States.

was being built

has been built

had been built

would be held is grown

被动语态注意点主动形式表被动

• 1. 连系动词（如： feel,taste,sound,smell,look 等）用主动形式表示被动意义。

如： This material feels very soft. 这块材料摸上去很柔软。

• 2. 有些表示主语内在性质或性能的不及物动词常与一些副词连用，用一般现在时的主动形式表示被动意义，其主语一般为事物。这些动词有： sell,read, write,wash,wear,last 等。

如： The pen writes smoothly 这支笔写起来很流畅。

• 3. 在“ be worth doing” 短语中，动作与主语之间存在动宾关系，用主动形式表示被动意义。

如： This book is well worth reading 这本书很值得一读。

• 情态动词 + be done

• 情态动词 + have been done

• 情态动词 + be being done

1. The viewer can touch the objects in the film.

2. The viewer may feel a real sense of achievement and happiness.

The objects in the film can be touched.

A real sense of achievement and happiness may be felt.

情态动词的被动语态形式可用于谈论能力，可能性，职责和允诺 .

3. Film-makers should use RealCine for all films.

4. The viewer must wear special gloves.

RealCine should be used for all films.

Special gloves must be worn.

1. — Town Hall is the tallest building in the city. — ______ from here? A. Can it see B. Can it be seen C. Can be seen it D. Can see

Exercise

答案 B 。 Town Hall ( 市政厅 ) 应当是 被看见，所以应在 B 和 C 中选择。又因 这是一个问句，故选 B 。

2. — The ceremony has already started. — Look! The flag is ______ now. A. being raised        B. risen C. being rose           D. raising 答案 A 。 rise vi. 升起，不能有被动 形式，故 B, C 不能选用。 raise vt.举 起，升起。后要接宾语，故 D 不适 用。 being raised正在被升起，正符 合题意。

3. The assassination attempt ______

millions, because the speech was on

television.

A. was seen by B. was saw by

C. seen by  D. was seen for

答案 A 。 assassination暗杀。根据题意：暗杀行为被数百万人所看见，故选 A 。

4. The things talked about in this report ______ over a year ago.  A. had taken place     B. took place C. have taken place    D. were taken place 答案 B 。发生 (take place, occur, happen) 均为不及物动词 ( 词组 ) ，

没有 被动语态。

5. The Anti-Japanese War ___ in 1937

and it _____ eight years.

A. was broken out; lasted

B. broke out; lasted

C. break out; lasts

D. broke out; was lasted

答案 B 。 break out, last 均为不及物动词（短语），没有被动语态。

6. Come and sit down by the fire. Your

hand ______.

A. feels so cold     B. is felt so coldly

C. feels so coldly    D. feel so cold

答案 A 。 feel （摸起来有……的感觉） seem, sound, look 等作为系动词使用，系表结构没有被动语态。

7. I need one more stamp before my collection ______. A. has completed           B. completes C. has been completed       

D. is completed 答案 D 。 before引导的时间状语从

句中用现在时表示将来，而 collection与complete 之间为被动关系。

8. In some parts of the world, tea ___ with milk and sugar. A. is serving         B. is served C. serves               D. served 答案 B 。本题叙述的是一般的情况，

常用一般现在时，答案可在 B 和 C中选择。 serve 意思是“供给”或 “送上”，此处应用被动语态。

9. If city noises ___ from increasing, people ___ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to 答案 A 。 If 从句中，“噪声被加以控制”需用被动语态，答案为 A 或 B 。主句中时间状语为“从现在起二十年后”，要用将来时表示，所以答案为 A 。