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© 2018 Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 Upcoming Regulatory Changes Thursday, November 8 3:00 p.m. 4:00 p.m. During this session, panelists preview and discuss upcoming rule changes, proposals and other regulatory initiatives. Moderator: Meredith Cordisco Associate General Counsel FINRA Office of General Counsel Panelists: Donald Lopezi Senior Vice President and Regional Director, Sales Practice FINRA West Region Paige Pierce Management Consultant Larimer Capital Corporation Kelly Shoop Special Counsel, Office of Sales Practice, Division of Trading and Markets U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

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Page 1: Upcoming Regulatory Changes Thursday, November …...Upcoming Regulatory Changes Thursday, November 8 3:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m. During this session, panelists preview and discuss upcoming

© 2018 Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. All rights reserved. 1

Upcoming Regulatory Changes Thursday, November 8 3:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m.

During this session, panelists preview and discuss upcoming rule changes, proposals and other regulatory initiatives.

Moderator: Meredith Cordisco Associate General Counsel FINRA Office of General Counsel Panelists: Donald Lopezi Senior Vice President and Regional Director, Sales Practice FINRA West Region Paige Pierce Management Consultant Larimer Capital Corporation Kelly Shoop Special Counsel, Office of Sales Practice, Division of Trading and Markets U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Page 2: Upcoming Regulatory Changes Thursday, November …...Upcoming Regulatory Changes Thursday, November 8 3:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m. During this session, panelists preview and discuss upcoming

© 2018 Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. All rights reserved. 2

Upcoming Regulatory Changes Panelist Bios: Moderator: Meredith Cordisco is Associate General Counsel with FINRA’s Office of General Counsel. In this capacity, she provides legal guidance on policy initiatives, rule changes and interpretations in various areas, including regarding new issues and spinning, private securities transactions and outside business activities. Before joining FINRA, Ms. Cordisco was counsel in the Securities Litigation and Enforcement group at WilmerHale, where she focused her practice on complex securities enforcement investigations. Ms. Cordisco received her B.S., summa cum laude, in International Business and French from Mount St. Mary’s University in Emmitsburg, Maryland, and her J.D., summa cum laude, and M.B.A., cum laude, from Villanova University. Following her studies, Ms. Cordisco clerked for the Honorable Eduardo C. Robreno on the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Panelists: Don Lopezi is Senior Vice President and Regional Director of FINRA’s West Region. The West Region consists of the District Offices located in Denver, Los Angeles and San Francisco. The West Region is responsible for conducting examinations, investigations and ongoing surveillance of broker-dealers and registered persons located in the western half of the United States. Previously, Mr. Lopezi was the District Director of the FINRA San Francisco District Office. Prior to joining the San Francisco Office, he was a Director of FINRA’s Examination Programs Group (EPG), located in Washington, DC. EPG, among other things, authored and maintained examination policies and procedures used by FINRA’s examination staff, coordinated national special projects and initiatives, and oversaw the national examination program—the regulated firm-focused examination and surveillance activities conducted by FINRA’s Member Regulation Department. Mr. Lopezi began his career as an Examiner in NASD’s Denver District Office in 1992 and after serving as Supervisor in the Denver District Office, joined the Washington, DC office in September 2003. He graduated from the University of Colorado at Boulder with a B.S. degree in Accounting, and received his MBA from the University of Colorado at Denver. Paige W. Pierce is a leader of leaders who has made a difference across industries by helping influencers focus first on their employees, fall in love with their customers, and see their landscape in ways no one else can. She’s played principal roles in multiple startups, guiding a number of them to profitable exits, and realized equal success turning around underperforming organizations and helping growing concerns figure out “What’s next?” As president of PSP consulting (2017 to present), Ms. Pierce has helped businesses based in the UK and Australia overcome obstacles with their US operations and assisted US-based clients in navigating regulatory and compliance challenges. Her clients’ industries have spanned financial services (where she is a subject matter expert), manufacturing, and tourism. Nowhere is Ms. Pierce’s ability to navigate changing markets more apparent than with her tenure at RW Smith & Associates, a Fixed Income Interdealer Broker (IDB). A Founding Principal of the firm, she returned to the family-owned business as a consultant in 2001, positively resolving a critical regulatory issue and revamping compliance in the wake of the 2001 recession and the regulatory repercussions of the Arthur Andersen scandal. As President & CEO of RW Smith (2005 to 2017), and in previous leadership roles (2001 to 2004), Ms. Pierce responded to downward margin pressures and unfavorable regulatory environments by leading the evolution of both the firm’s business model and the regulators’ view of IDBs and small firms. Internally, she resolved market and cash flow challenges by twice negotiating the sale of the firm, once to a venture capitalist and later in parts to complementary businesses. She also revamped product offerings to increase top-line sales 600%. On the regulatory and legislative front, Ms. Pierce spent the better part of 20 years advocating on behalf of IDBs and small firms with purpose and passion, working to advance regulatory and legislative understanding of these important segments of financial services and the challenges they face. As an advocate for small businesses, Ms. Pierce has been invited to the Federal Reserve, offices of Congressional representatives, the Securities and Exchange Commission, and important policy discussions. She was the first IDB representative in many FINRA groups, including the National Adjudicatory Council, Fixed Income Committee, and Small Firm Advisory Board, the latter as elected Chair in 2017. Ms. Pierce also organized previously siloed firms, contributing actively to professional organizations and co-founding the BMA/SIFMA Municipal Securities Broker’s Broker Committee, the Municipal Bond Information Service Company, and the Bond Dealers of America Small Firm Division. Ms. Pierce was the CFO, Operating Officer, and a Founding Principal of Agincourt, Ltd. (1994 to 2000), a Bermuda-based broker/dealer focused on creating structured products for the fixed income institutional market. She spearheaded the creation of strategy,

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© 2018 Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. All rights reserved. 3

financial controls, and systems overseeing Bermuda-, UK-, and US-based activities for this Bermuda-based broker/dealer, ultimately engineering a successful exit. An early career in banking and finance formed the foundation of Ms. Pierce’s lead-from-the-front style. Her approach led to repeated promotions and upward recruitment. Representative accomplishments include the recapture of millions of dollars for two of LaSalle Bank’s operating units, the transformation of one of their cost centers into a profit center, and success in PaineWebber’s fast-paced, high-stakes Municipal Trading Division. Passionate about professional development for herself, her colleagues, and her team, Ms. Pierce is a longtime member and leader within the Young President’s Organization. She is currently Co-Chair of the London Business School YPO Executive Education Presidents’ Program. A graduate herself, as Co-Chair she took the lead in redesigning the intensive 5-year course to incorporate themes of innovation, strategy in uncertain times, organic vs architected growth, “futurist” visioneering and managing across the generations (and borders). Ms. Pierce is an Honorary Commander and Falcon with the 388th FW out of Hill Air Force Base in Utah, supporting the airmen/women who serve our great country. Kelly S. Shoop is Special Counsel for Sales Practices in the Division of Trading and Markets at the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The Office of Sales Practices has program responsibility for a broad range of broker-dealer sales practice issues, including broker-dealer supervision and suitability sales practice issues. Prior to joining the Commission, Ms. Shoop was counsel in the securities litigation and enforcement group at a major international law firm. She earned her law degree from Washington University in St. Louis and her undergraduate degree from DePauw University.

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2018 Small Firm Conference

November 7-8, 2018 | Santa Monica, CA

Upcoming Regulatory Changes

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2018 FINRA Small Firm Conference | © 2018 FINRA. All rights reserved. 1

Panelists

Moderator

Meredith Cordisco, Associate General Counsel, FINRA Office of

General Counsel

Panelists

Donald Lopezi, Senior Vice President and Regional Director, Sales

Practice, FINRA West Region

Paige Pierce, Management Consultant, Larimer Capital Corporation

Kelly Shoop, Special Counsel, Office of Sales Practice, Division of

Trading and Markets, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

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2018 FINRA Small Firm Conference | © 2018 FINRA. All rights reserved.

Regulatory Updates

FINRA

SEC

PCAOB

Impact on Small Firms

Exam Priorities and Enforcement Highlights

SEC

FINRA

2

Agenda

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2018 FINRA Small Firm Conference | © 2018 FINRA. All rights reserved.

FINRA360 Initiative

Status of Current Proposals and Rulemaking Initiatives

– Remote Office Inspections

–Gifts, Gratuities and Non-Cash Compensation

– High-Risk Brokers

– Outside Business Activities and Private Securities Transactions

– Early-Stage Retrospective Review Items (Carrying Agreements; Annual

Compliance Meeting)

3

FINRA Regulatory Updates

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2018 FINRA Small Firm Conference | © 2018 FINRA. All rights reserved.

Regulation Best Interest

FAIR Act

AML

4

SEC Regulatory Updates

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2018 FINRA Small Firm Conference | © 2018 FINRA. All rights reserved.

Overview

Small Business Audit Correction Act of 2018

5

PCAOB Audit

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2018 FINRA Small Firm Conference | © 2018 FINRA. All rights reserved.

SEC

FINRA

6

Exam Priorities and Enforcement Update

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Materials provide by Paige Pierce

Larimer Capital Corporation

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June22,2018TheHonorableMikeCrapo TheHonorableSherrodBrownChairman RankingMemberComm.onBanking,Housing,andUrbanAffairs Comm.onBanking,Housing,andUrbanAffairsUnitedStatesSenate UnitedStatesSenateWashington,DC20510 Washington,DC20510DearChairmanCrapoandRankingMemberBrown:Theundersignedpeople,ataminimumandrepresentingsmallbusinesses in49of50states (therearenosmallbrokeragefirmsheadquarteredinWyoming…YET),stronglyurgeCongresstopassbipartisanlegislation,TheSmallBusinessAuditCorrectionActof2018(S3004),co-sponsoredbySenatorsTomCotton(R-AR)andDougJones(D-AL),whichwouldrequestaspecificexemptionforsmall,privatelyheld,non-custodialbrokersand dealers in good standing from Title One of Sarbanes-Oxley requirement to hire a Public CompanyAccountingOversightBoard(PCAOB)-registeredauditfirm.Thelegislativeandregulatoryburdenforsmallbusinesses inour industry issubstantialandsmall firmsarestrugglingtosurvive.Thesignsareclear,smallbusinessesfacedisproportionatecomplianceandauditcostsandwhilewehaveseenincreasesinregulationsandcompliancecosts,possiblythemostunreasonableandunfairisthatasmall,privatelyheld,non-custodialbrokeragefirmlikeoursisrequiredbylawandregulationtohireanexpensivePublicCompanyAccountingOversightBoard(PCAOB)-registeredauditfirm.The PCAOB audit requirementmakes sense for public companies and Broker-Dealers that carry customerfundsorsecurities,becausetheinvestingpublicandmarketsarepotentiallyatmuchgreaterriskfromthesecompanies.Conversely,thePCAOBrequirementsmakenosenseforprivately-held,smallnon-custodialfirmsthatdonotcarrycustomerfundsorsecurities.Currently,a3-person,non-publicsmallbusinessisheldtothesamestandardsasMerrillLynch;thisisnotright,fairorreasonable.Theone-size-fits-all PCAOBaudit standards thatweredesigned for significantlymore complex companies,and are priced exorbitantly, have been devastating to small businesses around the country. We simplycannotsustainthehumanandfinancialresourceburdenthattheseauditsplaceonoursmallfirms,timeandmoneythatweshouldbededicatingtoourcustomers,andweurgentlyneedlegislativerelief.Oureconomy ispoweredby smallbusiness.Our future jobgrowthdependsonsmallbusiness.Our futureeconomic prosperity and competitiveness depends on the ability of our small businesses to innovate andgrowintoindustryleadersacrossthecountry.Assmallbusinessownersandoperatorsacrossthecountry,weareaskingforyourhelpwiththisbipartisanissueofhelpingsmallbusinesses.Pleasehelpourfirmsandourcommunity of small businesses by supporting our efforts to get the Small Business Audit Correction Actsupported in Committee, brought to the floor of the Senate andHouse, and passed. Passing this Actwillprovidesignificantandmuchneededreliefforsmallbusinessesandourcustomersaroundthecountry.Thank you for your attention to this important issue. If you have any questions or would like additionalinformation,[email protected](801)733-9909.Thankyou,

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TheSmallBusinessAuditCorrectionActof2018

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State Name SmallFirmAL Marc Whitehead HarborFinancialServices,LLCAK John Guthrie PTSecurities,LLCAR Mark Chambers Thrasher&Chambers,Inc.AR MaryEllen Williams Lieblong&Associates,Inc.AR Robert Keenan St.BernardFinancialServices,Inc.AZ James Williams Gogan&WilliamsAZ Bruce Hilby HilbyWilsonInc.AZ Patrick Conway FairportCapital,Inc.AZ Mark Howells M.S.Howells&Co.CA Gary Ching NPBFinancialGroup,LLCCA Neal Nakagir NPBFinancialGroup,LLCCA Shirley Coria NNPBFinancialGroup,LLCCA Richard Leach InvestmentSecurityCorporationCA James Fox JamesFoxSecurities,Inc.CA Morris Midkiff Midkiff&StoneCapitalGroup,Inc.CA William O’Connor O'Connor&CompanySecuritiesInc.CA Audrey McMahon AresInvestorServices,LLCCA Jose Portillo RHInvestmentCorporationCA Howard Feigenbaum SharemasterCA Jeffrey Joslin StockTradersCA Debra Draughan TopCapitalAdvisors,Inc.CA Christopher Mates OpusFinancialPartnersCA Stephen Perry JCPSecuritiesCA Deborah Higgins HigginsCapitalManagement,Inc.CA Eduardo Tovar PrivatePortfolio,Inc.CA Gary Sherwold G.W.SherwoldAssociates,IncCA Eduard Bagdasarian IntrepidInvestmentBankersLLCCA Michael Kane Transactiondrivers,LLCCA James Reilly StonepineAdvisors,LLCCA Joseph Delaney J.V.Delaney&AssociatesCA Thomas Courtney TheCourtneyGroup,LLCCA Kevin Breard Breard&AssociatesIncCPAsCA Thomas Korzenecki GrandAvenueCapitalPartners,LLCCA Allen Chi MainspringCapitalManagement,LLCCA Glen Haddock InvestmentArchitects,Inc.CA Charles Painter Painter,SmithAndAmbergInc.CA Maria Boyd InvestmentPlacementGroupCA Lisa Roth TesseraCapitalPartnersLLCCA Michelle Thomas WBBSecuritiesLLCCA Matthew Miller WBBSecurities,LLCCA Richard Levenson WesternFinancialCorporationCA Gil Mogavero JMPSecuritiesLLCCA Randy Fox AtelSecuritiesCorporationCA Donald Mahon BayridgeSecurities,LLC

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TheSmallBusinessAuditCorrectionActof2018

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State Name SmallFirmCA Stephen Nasser CoitCapitalSecuritiesLLCCA Lloyd Leanse Prager&Co.,LLCCA Robert Blum RobertBlumMunicipals,Inc.CA Marieanne Jorajuria SharespostFinancialCorporationCA Alan Carlisle SofiSecuritiesLLCCA Weiming Ho IntegralFinancialLLCCA Paul Magnuson SiliconValleySecuritiesCA Mark Rogers N4Financial,Inc.CA Maia Mcgehee MercurySecurities,LLCCA Shieva Rajaee EQISCapitalManagement,Inc.CA Elizabeth Collins FinancialTelesisInc.CA Robert Santos ArrowrootPartners,LLCCA Joseph Helmer CaldwellSecurities,IncorporatedCA Nusheen Javadizadeh RjjPasadenaSecurities,Inc.CA Daniel Roberts Roberts&RyanInvestmentsInc.CA Carolie Smith AlamoCapitalCA Allison Kent-Aster AlamoCapitalCA Jerry Sanada AllianceAdvisory&Securities,Inc.CA Anthony Duckworth InvestmentArchitects,IncCO Phil Antico WithumSmithAndBrownCO Blaine Stahlman ProfessionalBroker-DealerFinancialPlanning,IncCO Chester Hebert ColoradoFinancialServiceCorporationCO Roberta Babitz AndrewsPartnersCO Maxine Johnson KesslerCompanyInvestments,Inc.CO John Vansant CascadeFinancialManagement,Inc.CO Caspar Ooms ClearcreekSecurities,LLCCO Robert Kessler Kessler&CompanyInvestments,Inc.CO Adam Carmel LarimerCapitalCorporationCO Gordon Yale TheYaleGroup,Inc.CO Patricia Kramer DestinyCapitalSecuritiesCorporationCO Stephen Kohn StephenA.Kohn&Associates,Ltd.CO Doug Brode ChristianFinancialServicesLLCCT Robert Malik CharterOakAssetManagement,Inc.CT Pasquale Lavecchia LavecchiaCapitalLLCCT William Poon CasimirCapitalL.P.CT Michael Butler CfsSecurities,Inc.CT Eugene Mauro QuattroMSecuritiesInc.DC Gregory Bowes AlbrightSecuritiesLLCDC John Mckenna HamiltonClarkSustainableCapital,Inc.DC Elizabeth Avery KaloramaCapital,LLCDC Larry Scully ScullyCapitalSecuritiesCorp.DE David Monahan CoastalEquitiesDE Stephen Sweeny Brittingham,Inc.DE Charles Reiling CoastalEquities,Inc.

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TheSmallBusinessAuditCorrectionActof2018

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State Name SmallFirmFL Sarah Vegneron RenaissanceRegulatoryServicesFL Jed Bandes MutualTrustCo.OfAmericaSecuritiesFL Mark Beloyan TradespotMarketsInc.FL Victoria Ragland EquityInvestmentServices,IncFL Ruben Araneda BciSecurities,Inc.FL Indra Campbell ArcaCapitalInvestments,Inc.FL David Wilson EquifinancialLLCFL Susan Escobio SouthernTrustSecurities,Inc.FL Clifton Morris Mcduffie/MorrisFinancialGroup,Inc.FL S.David Moche CornwallPartners,LLCFL Michael Petagna AmericanMunicipalSecurities,Inc.FL Laura Crosby-Brown StillpointCapitalLLCFL Robert Schlitt SchlittInvestorServices,Inc.FL Karen Fischer BGStrategicAdvisorsFL Patricia Wells ValorFinancialSecuritiesLlcGA John Curran FintechSecuritiesGA Bruce Williamson FortressGroup,Inc.GA Marion Glover GloverCapital,Inc.GA Phyllis Johnson H&LEquities,LLCGA Aaron Prisco PropelAdvisoryGroup,Inc.GA Jeffrey Villwock LanierSecuritiesLLCGA Caroline Wisniewski BridgeCapitalAssociates,Inc.GU Sandra Mckeever AsiaPacificFinancialManagementGroup,Inc.HI MinWon Yang Sun'sBrothersSecuritiesInc.IA Timothy Weitzel WeitzelFinancialServices,Inc.IA Harley Whitfield AmericanEquityCapital,Inc.ID Christopher Miller AllegisInvestmentServicesLLCID Ryan Carlson AmericanIndependentSecuritiesGroup,LLCIL Darrell Butler BillowButler&Company,LLCIL Christopher Wurtzinger ForestSecurities,Inc.IL Margaret Wiermanski RapidExecutionServices,LLCIL Frederic Floberg TccSecurities,LLCIL Donald Grava VglGlobalLLCIL Gregory Taunt IasgAlternatives,LLCIL Randall Mitterling LiccarSecurities,LLCIL Donald Despain DespainFinancialCorporationIL Kevin Nicol NicolInvestorsCorporationIL Kenneth Sweet RelianceWorldwideInvestments,LLCIL James Correll CorrellCo.InvestmentServicesCorp.IL Tim Ogara ShannonAdvisorsLLCIL Charles Millington MillingtonInvestments,LLCIL Frank Chauner ChaunerSecurities,Inc.IL Stephen Mack MackInvestmentSecurities,Inc.IL Suzanne Bond InlandSecuritiesCorporation

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TheSmallBusinessAuditCorrectionActof2018

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State Name SmallFirmIN Melvin Brewer CornerstoneFinancialServices,Inc.IN John Evanich Atis,IncIN Randall Mitterling AppliedCapital,LLCIN John Simmons MorrisGroup,Inc.IN George Steel PlannedInvestmentCo.,Inc.IN Tom Faust EdwardOpperman,CPAIN Timothy Peoples AmericanEquityInvestmentCorporationIN Edward Opperman EdwardOppermanCPAKS John Stepp CentralStatesCapitalMarkets,LLCKS Robert Hamman FirstAssetFinancialInc.KS Kristopher Miller TandemSecurities,Inc.KS Margaret Hornbeck Truenorth,Inc.KY Stanley Kerrick LexingtonInvestmentCompany,Inc.LA Raymond Thompson Dorsey&Company,Inc.LA Brian Marcotte JohnsonRice&CompanyLLCLA Craig Lewis LewisFinancialGroup,LLCMA David Oldaker NorthernCapitalSecuritiesCorporationMA H.Don Drake O'neilSecuritiesInc.MA Stephen Oleary AerisPartnersLLCMA Paige Rand AgcPartnersMA Michael O'hara ConsensusSecuritiesLLCMA Sumner Kaufman Kaufman&Company,LLCMA Tina Maloney Winslow,Evans&Crocker,Inc.MA Kristin Kennedy Wood(ArthurW.)Company,Inc.MA Lawrence Martel O'NeilSecurities,IncorporatedMA Matthew Stumpf AGCPartnersMA John Mccarty CharlesRiverBrokerage,LLCMA Richard Murphy NorthBridgeCapital,LLCMA Dayna Gant AppleLaneGroupLLCMA Gilbert Moreira DonegalSecurities,Inc.MA William Mccance AdvisoryGroupEquityServicesLtd.MA Bruce Fox AdvisoryGroupEquityServices,LtdMA Sherry Horn NorthBridgeCapitalMD Craig Fischer AtlanticSecurities,Inc.MD David Pringle FellsPointResearchLLCMD Carol Greenwald PotomacInvestmentCompanyMD Frederick Holloway Holloway&Associates,Inc.MD Ernest Brittingham InternationalMoneyManagementGroup,Inc.MD Thomas Schmidt TLSFinancialServices,Inc.MI Edward Schwartz GregoryJ.Schwartz&Co.,Inc.MI Laura Powers GregoryJ.Schwartz&Co.,Inc.MI Gregory Papesh Dart,Papesh&Company,IncorporatedMI Randall Hansen CentennialSecuritiesCompany,Inc.MI Jordan Powers CentennialSecurities

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TheSmallBusinessAuditCorrectionActof2018

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State Name SmallFirmMI Mark Cleland DonnellyPenman&PartnersMI John Butterfield JackV.ButterfieldInvestmentCompanyMI Thomas Swiat Olmsted&Mulhall,Inc.MI Jason Welch WwkInvestments,Inc.MI Erica Momany KoehlerFinancial,LLCMI Craig Adams ConfidentialManagementFinancialServices,Inc.MN Todd Johnson CedarPointCapital,LLCMN Anthony Pence BlacktorchSecurities,LLCMN Michelle Sandberg Dougherty&CompanyLLCMN Jeannie Sonstegard Craig-HallumCapitalGroupLLCMN Tyler O'neill Craig-HallumCapitalGroupLLCMN Kimberly Chapman DSTMarketServices,LLCMN Patricia Bartholomew Craig-HallumCapitalGroupLLCMN Basil Joseph VanClemens&Co.IncorporatedMN Philip Wright BrokerbankSecurities,Inc.MN Todd Morgan StannardFinancialServices,LLCMN Thomas Laird T.E.LairdSecurities,LLCMN Thomas Laird T.E.LairdSecurities,LLCMN Thomas Martinson Martinson&Company,Ltd.MO Deborah Castiglioni Cutter&Company,Inc.MO Boyd Atteberry FinancialPlanningConsultants,Inc.MO Leann Knuth LabrunerieGroupMO Alexander Labrunerie LabrunerieFinancialServices,Inc.MO Michael Dardis CommerceBrokerageServices,Inc.MO Anton Burch Burch&Company,IncMO Sandra Dershem-Vega CountryClubFinancialServices,Inc.MO Marco Listrom Valdes&Moreno,Inc.MO Jenifer Burch Burch&Company,Inc.MO Patrick Hosty NeighborlySecuritiesMO Dana Bjornson GeorgeK.BaumCapitalAdvisors,Inc.MO David Miller GeneralSecuritiesCorpMO Trinity Lee Heim,Young&Associates,Inc.MO Dean Young Heim,Young&Associates,Inc.MO Deborah Mertz J.A.GlynnInvestmentsLLCMO Catherine Marshall HuntleighSecuritiesCorporationMO Norman Conley J.A.GlynnInvestments,LLCMO Robert Chambers HuntleighSecuritiesCorpMO Robert Hillard ArlingtonSecurities,Inc.MS James Coker Coker&PalmerMT Kimberly Smith S.G.Long&CompanyNC Larry Forrest SmithPointCapitalLtdNC Gregory Leneave AndersonLeneave&Co.NC Charlie Lucas Elevation,LlcNC Bennett Cole FalconbridgeCapitalMarkets,LLC

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State Name SmallFirmNC John Fennebresque Fennebresque&Co.,LLCNC Debra Gilboy P.R.Gilboy&Associates,Inc.NC Robert Abbott SouthAtlanticEnterprises,Inc.NC Fredrick Fisher MilestoneInvestments,Inc.NC Andrew Burch CarolinaSecurities,Inc.NC Melissa Hoots FalconSquareCapital,LLCNC William Sykes SykesFinancialServicesLLCND Garry Pierce GarryPierceFinancialServices,LLPND Brian Kraft AlerusSecuritiesCorporationNE Mark Bell CORClearingLLCNE Danielle Hampton FirstNationalCapitalMarketsNE Shirley Overly HaleySecurities,Inc.NE Todd Engle KuehlCapitalCorporationNE Thomas Teckmeyer TeckmeyerFinancialServicesLLCNE John Detisch WeitzSecurities,Inc.NH John Clarke 1stBccwCapitalCorpNH Robert Macleod BigelowCapitalSecuritiesLLCNH Thomas Lewry CurbstoneFinancialManagementCorporationNH James Tovey JLTCapitalPartnersLLCNH William King JSITransactionAdvisors,LLCNH Laura Crosby-Brown PronetFinancialPartnersLLCNH Lisa Durgan SecurePlanning,Inc.NH Douglas Drozdowski SWNSecuritiesLLCNJ Daryl Hersch CeladonFinancialGroupLLCNJ David Sokolower Repex&Co.,Inc.NJ Alan Achtel Aca/PrudentInvestorsPlanningCorporationNJ John Iannone QuantexClearing,LLCNJ John Kuhn AvatarCapitalGroupLLCNJ Granville Ungerleider WhitemarshCapitalAdvisorsNJ Juan Espinosa AptoPartners,LLCNJ Mark Furman CvfSecurities,Inc.NJ August Cellitti SecurevestFinancialGroupNJ Anthony Cianci FoxChaseCapitalPartners,LLCNJ John Frontero CrossPointCapitalLLCNJ Brent Hippert HardcastleTradingUsaLLCNJ Andrew Macinnes BrilliquidLLCNJ Kevin Hull RobertA.Stanger&Company,Inc.NJ Sheldon Grodsky GrodskyAssociates,Inc.NJ Randolph Rogers MerrionSecurities,LLCNM Randall Dry ThornnburgSecuritiesCorp.NV Kim Schmidt ElmcoreSecuritiesNV Sean Deson Deson&Co.NV Felix Danciu ElmcoreSecuritiesLLCNY Bonnie MannFalk MazarsUSALLP

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TheSmallBusinessAuditCorrectionActof2018

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State Name SmallFirmNY Charles Pagano MazarsUSALLPNY Bruce Jackson CarverCrossSecuritiesCorp.NY Gary Hoch GaryHochAgency,Inc.NY John Rogers IntercoastalCapitalMarkets,Inc.NY Austin Rybstein A.C.R.Securities,Inc.NY Eytan Feldman OldCitySecuritiesLLCNY George Reichle A.P.Securities,Inc.NY Parbati Bhattacharya WestrockCapitalManagement,Inc.NY Dominick Scianandre HudsonHeritageCapitalManagement,Inc.NY Samantha Larew Manning&NapierInvestorServices,Inc.NY Michelle O'Brien Manning&NapierInvestorServices,Inc.NY Maureen O'Brien DynamoConsulting,LLCNY Carl Lanzisera FederatedSecuritiesNY Gloria Scheiman TGPrivateCapitalNY Arthur Loomis NortheastCapital&Advisory,Inc.NY Richard Carlesco IbnFinancialServices,Inc.NY James Westmacott WestcoInvestmentCorp.NY Barbara Fulcher WestcoInvestmentCorpNY Wendy Lanton LanternInvestmentsNY Dawn Haye GlauconCapitalPartners,LLC.NY Janice Parise SddcoGroupNY Robert Aufhauser AufhauserSecurities,Inc.NY Robert Solomon BeekmanSecurities,Inc.NY W.Stewart Cahn CahnCapitalCorp.NY Ronald Pasternak DbotAts,LlcNY E.Magnus Oppenheim E.MagnusOppenheim&Co.Inc.NY Howard Spindel SuryaCapitalSecuritiesLLCNY Garfield Miller AegisEnergyAdvisorsCorp.NY Victor Park AlternativeAssetInvestmentManagementSecuritiesNY Kevin Hourihan AshmoreInvestmentManagement(Us)CorporationNY Oliver Cromwell BentleySecuritiesCorporationNY Ian Green BrokerageselectNY W.Stewart Cahn CahnCapitalCorp.NY Michael Steinberg CcbInternationalOverseas(Usa)Inc.NY David Wong ColonialSecurities,Inc.NY Michael Kraus HTCapitalSecurities,LLCNY John Kiremidjian NBMarkets,Inc.NY Gerhard Summerer DZFinancialMarketsLLCNY Jason Eveleth Exane,Inc.NY Scott Abrams FinancoSecurities,LLCNY Ilan Lessick GmpSecurities,LLCNY William Hunnicutt Hunnicutt&Co.LLCNY Henry Marshall Hunter,Keith,Marshall&Co.,IncorporatedNY Bishen Pertab ICICISecuritiesInc.

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TheSmallBusinessAuditCorrectionActof2018

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State Name SmallFirmNY Howard Spindel IIPSecuritiesLLCNY Robert Rabinowitz J.H.Darbie&Co.,Inc.NY John Loofbourrow JohnW.LoofbourrowAssociates,Inc.NY Leslie Feldman EurekaCapitalMarkets,LNY Sam Kopkind LwpartnersCapitalGroupLLCNY Lawrence May MayCapitalGroup,LLCNY Lawrence Walther MaybankKimEngSecuritiesUsaInc.NY George Ramirez MfrSecurities,Inc.NY Ann-Marie Baker MuzinichCapitalLLCNY Steven Perlstein MvpFinancial,LLCNY Robert Snider Omnicap,LLCNY Ruben Brache OpeningNightCapital,LLCNY Kenneth Boyar PalicoLLCNY Patrick O'meara ProforAdvisorsNY Robert Hackel R.F.Lafferty&Co.,Inc.NY Larry Kimmel Redburn(Usa)LlcNY M.Allison Steiner RhoneGroupAdvisorsLLCNY Martin Pollock EurekacapPartnersIncNY David Deblase SouthStreetSecuritiesLLCNY Steven Jafarzadeh Stonehaven,LLCNY Michael Cardello TerraCapitalMarketsLLCNY George Schinkel TheKleinGroup,LLCNY William Robertson TmCapitalCorp.NY Charles Gerber TriumphGlobalSecurities,Ltd.NY David Shields WellingtonShields&Co.,LLCNY Michael Lowenberg WhiteMountainCapital,LLCNY David Rappaport InvestecSecurities(US).LLCNY John Luttenberger MacroRiskAdvisorsLLCNY Alexander Mack MiddlemarchSecuritiesLLCNY Robert Kent MorningsideSecurities,LLCNY Brent Hippert AshtonStewart&Co.NY John Parmigiani AllliedMillenialNY Michael Mangieri SevenPointsCapital,LLCNY Andrew Epstein Gordon,HaskettNY Raymond Mendez BrittanyCapitalGroup,Inc.NY Constantine Baris LongshipAlternativeAssetMgmt,LLCNY Robert Stearns LongshipAlternativeAssetManagementNY Steven Rubenstein ArrowInvestments,Inc.NY Allan Goldstein TradeInformaticsLlcNY Joseph Lanzisera ExcelSecurities&Associates,Inc.NY Scott Zollo MutualFundsAssociatesInc.NY Wayne Holly Sage,Rutty&Co.,Inc.NY John Maceranka TheWindmillGroup,Inc.NY Olaf Neubert TopcapPartners,Inc.

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TheSmallBusinessAuditCorrectionActof2018

Page10of12

State Name SmallFirmNY John Pisapia ChelseaFinancialServicesNY Teresa Davies Burke&QuickPartnersLLCNY Philip Coombe CoombeFinancialServices,Inc.NY Jerome Keenan InternationalEquityServices,Inc.NY Steven Blecher MorganJosephTriartisan,LLCNY Stephen Distante VanderbiltSecurities,LLCOH Frank Panzeca ClarkSchaeferHackettCPAs&AdvisorsOH Peter Nerone GreatAmericanAdvisors,Inc.OH John Seibert J.D.Seibert&Company,Inc.OH Salvatore Raffa NorthcoastResearchPartnersOH Martin Rizzo NorthcoastResearchPartners,LLCOH Timothy Henahan Baker&Co.,Inc.OH Dock Treece TreeceFinancialServicesCorp.OH Melissa Henahan Baker&Co.,IncOK James Oplotnik AccessInvestments,Inc.OR Edward Curiel DLXFinancialGroup,LLLCOR Richard Goud HPSecurities,Inc.OR William Campbell EquilibriumCapitalServices,LLCOR Tanya DurkeeUrbach PaulsonInvestmentCompany,LLCPA Leona Robinson Robinson&Robinson,Inc.PA Betty Rainier BeaconsfieldFinancialServices,Inc.PA Richard Rainier BeaconsfieldFinancialServices,Inc.PA Mark Karbiner PmSecurities,LLCDbaPhoenixCapitalResourcesPA John Marsden JRMSecuritiesPA Peter Engelbach J.AldenAssociates,Inc.PA Steven Segal ParkCityCapital,Inc.PA Kevin Kornfield KevinHartKornfield&Company,Inc.PA James Oconnor BestvestInvestments,Ltd.PA Dale Pope MercapSecurities,LLCPA Mark Cresap Cresap,Inc.PA W.Dean Karrash Burke,Lawton,Brewer&Burke,LLCPA Brian Anderson Nestlerode&Loy,Inc.PA Judy Loy Nestlerode&Loy,Inc.PR John Holman EshCapital,LLCPR Ramon Thomas RdCapitalGroup,Inc.RI Wilson Saville Barrett&CompanyRI David Izzi Brown,Lisle/Cummings,Inc.RI Karen Bacon DiversifiedResources,LLCSC Nelson Arrington V.M.Manning&Co.,Inc.SC Edward Dowaschinski DunesSecuritiesCorporationSC Edward Dowaschinski DunesSecuritiesCorporationSC Joan Grava PalmettoAdvisoryGroupSC Derrick Grava PalmettoAdvisoryGroupSC Kenneth Wilson TRCMarketsLLC

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TheSmallBusinessAuditCorrectionActof2018

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State Name SmallFirmSD Gregory Wilson VariableInvestmentAdvisors,Inc.TN Raymond Brandon BrandonInvestments,Inc.TN Dan Mayfield SanderlinSecurities,LlcTN Lisa James WileyBrosAintreeCapital,LLCTN Joel Oertling AvondalePartners,LLCTN James Murphy AvondalePartners,LLCTN David WileyIii WileyBros.-AintreeCapital,LLCTN David James PnfpCapitalMarkets,Inc.TN Thomas Altfillisch WesternEquityGroup,Inc.TX Byron Treat GreatNationInvestmentCorporationTX Dante Fichera IndependentInvestmentBankers,Corp.TX Jason Rivera AccSecurities,LLCTX Billy Sims BrazosSecurities,Inc.TX Travis Duren CrescentSecuritiesGroup,Inc.TX Chad Bailey GuidestoneFinancialServicesTX Lewis Fisher L.B.Fisher&CompanyTX Daniel Dooley MaplewoodInvestmentAdvisors,Inc.TX John Mauldin MauldinSecurities,LLCTX James Davis TexasCorporateCapitalAdvisorsTX Katherine Cook VenovateMarketplace,Inc.TX Jeremy Halpin GuidestoneFinancialServicesTX Carla Wright SignalSecurities,Inc.TX Ivan Singleton SignalSecurities,Inc.TX Robert Bagley BullishBobBagleySecurities,Inc.TX Robbi Jones KiplingJones&Co.,Ltd.TX Melinda Legaye MoodySecurities,LLCTX Kevin Regan RHCASecurities,LLCTX William Wilson SPSecuritiesLLCTX William Hoover StewardSecuritiesGroupLLCTX Patrick Smetek SunbeltSecurities,Inc.TX Randal Ferguson FirstWesternSecurities,Inc.TX Craig Kilpatrick FirstWesternSecuritiesTX Ilonka Nobles Nobles&Richards,Inc.TX Linde Murphy MEAllison&CoTX Christopher Allison M.E.Allison&Co.,Inc.TX David Mcnally McnallyFinancialServicesCorporationTX Heather Nelson MEAllisonTX Tiffany Fisher CNSSecurities,LLCTX Richard Sandow ForteSecuritiesLLCTX Timothy Kohn InvestorsBrokerageOfTexas,Ltd.TX Scott Taylor ScottT.Taylor,Ltd.UT James Dowd NorthCapitalPrivateSecuritiesCorporationUT Stephanie Holt NorthCapitalPrivateSecuritiesUT Betsy Voter MichaelBest

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TheSmallBusinessAuditCorrectionActof2018

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State Name SmallFirmUT Eric Vos MoretonCapitalMarketsLLCUT Paige Pierce PSPConsultingVA Francis Stiff ChevalCapital,Inc.VA Robert Mann FirstGeorgetownSecurities,Inc.VA Shawn Mclaughlin MclaughlinRyderInvestments,Inc.VA Jennifer Szaro Lara,May&Associates,LLCVA Nicole Saunders NorthwestFinancialAdvisorsVA Robert Moreschi EasternPointSecurities,Inc.VA Kenneth Smither Smither&CompanyCapitalMarkets,LLCVA Donna Arles WealthforgeSecuritiesVA Mark Dempsey NavyFederalBrokerageServices,LLCVT Brian Mckenna D.B.Mckenna&Co.,Inc.VT Donald Mckenna D.B.Mckenna&Co.,Inc.WA Dick Smith DownUnderEnterprisesWA Michael Keller FSICWA James Humbard A&ASecuritiesLLCWA Sean Grubb NorthwestInvestmentAdvisors,Inc.WA Tim Vorpahl VorpahlWingSecuritiesWI Richard Peterson LibertyInvestmentCounsel,Ltd.WI Tami Strang ButtonwoodPartners,Inc.WI Mari Buechner CoordinatedCapitalSecurities,Inc.WI Gennady Bekasov HewinsBrokerageServices,LLCWI Michael Losse WillowCoveInvestmentGroup,Inc.WV Jacob Doyle FinancialWestGroupWV Timothy Bidwell Hazlett,Burt&Watson,Inc.WV Ami Shaver UnitedBrokerageServices,Inc.WV Rose Wilson WesbancoSecurities,Inc.

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June25,2018TheHonorableJebHensarling TheHonorableMaxineWatersChairman RankingMemberCommitteeonFinancialServices CommitteeonFinancialServicesU.S.HouseofRepresentatives U.S.HouseofRepresentativesWashington,DC20515 Washington,DC20515DearChairmanHensarlingandRankingMemberWaters:Theundersignedpeople,ataminimumandrepresentingsmallbusinesses in49of50states (therearenosmallbrokeragefirmsheadquarteredinWyoming…YET),stronglyurgeCongresstopassbipartisanlegislation,TheSmallBusinessAuditCorrectionActof2018(HR6021),co-sponsoredbyRepresentativesFrenchHill(R-AR)andVicenteGonzalez (D-TX),whichwould requesta specificexemption for small,privatelyheld,non-custodialbrokersanddealersingoodstandingfromTitleOneofSarbanes-OxleyrequirementtohireaPublicCompanyAccountingOversightBoard(PCAOB)-registeredauditfirm.Thelegislativeandregulatoryburdenforsmallbusinesses inour industry issubstantialandsmall firmsarestrugglingtosurvive.Thesignsareclear,smallbusinessesfacedisproportionatecomplianceandauditcostsandwhilewehaveseenincreasesinregulationsandcompliancecosts,possiblythemostunreasonableandunfairisthatasmall,privatelyheld,non-custodialbrokeragefirmlikeoursisrequiredbylawandregulationtohireanexpensivePublicCompanyAccountingOversightBoard(PCAOB)-registeredauditfirm.The PCAOB audit requirementmakes sense for public companies and Broker-Dealers that carry customerfundsorsecurities,becausetheinvestingpublicandmarketsarepotentiallyatmuchgreaterriskfromthesecompanies.Conversely,thePCAOBrequirementsmakenosenseforprivately-held,smallnon-custodialfirmsthatdonotcarrycustomerfundsorsecurities.Currently,a3-person,non-publicsmallbusinessisheldtothesamestandardsasMerrillLynch;thisisnotright,fairorreasonable.Theone-size-fits-all PCAOBaudit standards thatweredesigned for significantlymore complex companies,and are priced exorbitantly, have been devastating to small businesses around the country. We simplycannotsustainthehumanandfinancialresourceburdenthattheseauditsplaceonoursmallfirms,timeandmoneythatweshouldbededicatingtoourcustomers,andweurgentlyneedlegislativerelief.Oureconomy ispoweredby smallbusiness.Our future jobgrowthdependsonsmallbusiness.Our futureeconomic prosperity and competitiveness depends on the ability of our small businesses to innovate andgrowintoindustryleadersacrossthecountry.Assmallbusinessownersandoperatorsacrossthecountry,weareaskingforyourhelpwiththisbipartisanissueofhelpingsmallbusinesses.Pleasehelpourfirmsandourcommunity of small businesses by supporting our efforts to get the Small Business Audit Correction Actsupported in Committee, brought to the floor of theHouse and Senate, and passed. Passing this Actwillprovidesignificantandmuchneededreliefforsmallbusinessesandourcustomersaroundthecountry.Thank you for your attention to this important issue. If you have any questions or would like additionalinformation,[email protected](801)733-9909.Thankyou,

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TheSmallBusinessAuditCorrectionActof2018(HR6021)

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State Name SmallFirmAL Marc Whitehead HarborFinancialServices,LLCAK John Guthrie PTSecurities,LLCAR Mark Chambers Thrasher&Chambers,Inc.AR MaryEllen Williams Lieblong&Associates,Inc.AR Robert Keenan St.BernardFinancialServices,Inc.AZ James Williams Gogan&WilliamsAZ Bruce Hilby HilbyWilsonInc.AZ Patrick Conway FairportCapital,Inc.AZ Mark Howells M.S.Howells&Co.CA Gary Ching NPBFinancialGroup,LLCCA Neal Nakagir NPBFinancialGroup,LLCCA Shirley Coria NNPBFinancialGroup,LLCCA Richard Leach InvestmentSecurityCorporationCA James Fox JamesFoxSecurities,Inc.CA Morris Midkiff Midkiff&StoneCapitalGroup,Inc.CA William O’Connor O'Connor&CompanySecuritiesInc.CA Audrey McMahon AresInvestorServices,LLCCA Jose Portillo RHInvestmentCorporationCA Howard Feigenbaum SharemasterCA Jeffrey Joslin StockTradersCA Debra Draughan TopCapitalAdvisors,Inc.CA Christopher Mates OpusFinancialPartnersCA Stephen Perry JCPSecuritiesCA Deborah Higgins HigginsCapitalManagement,Inc.CA Eduardo Tovar PrivatePortfolio,Inc.CA Gary Sherwold G.W.SherwoldAssociates,IncCA Eduard Bagdasarian IntrepidInvestmentBankersLLCCA Michael Kane Transactiondrivers,LLCCA James Reilly StonepineAdvisors,LLCCA Joseph Delaney J.V.Delaney&AssociatesCA Thomas Courtney TheCourtneyGroup,LLCCA Kevin Breard Breard&AssociatesIncCPAsCA Thomas Korzenecki GrandAvenueCapitalPartners,LLCCA Allen Chi MainspringCapitalManagement,LLCCA Glen Haddock InvestmentArchitects,Inc.CA Charles Painter Painter,SmithAndAmbergInc.CA Maria Boyd InvestmentPlacementGroupCA Lisa Roth TesseraCapitalPartnersLLCCA Michelle Thomas WBBSecuritiesLLCCA Matthew Miller WBBSecurities,LLCCA Richard Levenson WesternFinancialCorporationCA Gil Mogavero JMPSecuritiesLLCCA Randy Fox AtelSecuritiesCorporationCA Donald Mahon BayridgeSecurities,LLC

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TheSmallBusinessAuditCorrectionActof2018(HR6021)

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State Name SmallFirmCA Stephen Nasser CoitCapitalSecuritiesLLCCA Lloyd Leanse Prager&Co.,LLCCA Robert Blum RobertBlumMunicipals,Inc.CA Marieanne Jorajuria SharespostFinancialCorporationCA Alan Carlisle SofiSecuritiesLLCCA Weiming Ho IntegralFinancialLLCCA Paul Magnuson SiliconValleySecuritiesCA Mark Rogers N4Financial,Inc.CA Maia Mcgehee MercurySecurities,LLCCA Shieva Rajaee EQISCapitalManagement,Inc.CA Elizabeth Collins FinancialTelesisInc.CA Robert Santos ArrowrootPartners,LLCCA Joseph Helmer CaldwellSecurities,IncorporatedCA Nusheen Javadizadeh RjjPasadenaSecurities,Inc.CA Daniel Roberts Roberts&RyanInvestmentsInc.CA Carolie Smith AlamoCapitalCA Allison Kent-Aster AlamoCapitalCA Jerry Sanada AllianceAdvisory&Securities,Inc.CA Anthony Duckworth InvestmentArchitects,IncCO Phil Antico WithumSmithAndBrownCO Blaine Stahlman ProfessionalBroker-DealerFinancialPlanning,IncCO Chester Hebert ColoradoFinancialServiceCorporationCO Roberta Babitz AndrewsPartnersCO Maxine Johnson KesslerCompanyInvestments,Inc.CO John Vansant CascadeFinancialManagement,Inc.CO Caspar Ooms ClearcreekSecurities,LLCCO Robert Kessler Kessler&CompanyInvestments,Inc.CO Adam Carmel LarimerCapitalCorporationCO Gordon Yale TheYaleGroup,Inc.CO Patricia Kramer DestinyCapitalSecuritiesCorporationCO Stephen Kohn StephenA.Kohn&Associates,Ltd.CO Doug Brode ChristianFinancialServicesLLCCT Robert Malik CharterOakAssetManagement,Inc.CT Pasquale Lavecchia LavecchiaCapitalLLCCT William Poon CasimirCapitalL.P.CT Michael Butler CfsSecurities,Inc.CT Eugene Mauro QuattroMSecuritiesInc.DC Gregory Bowes AlbrightSecuritiesLLCDC John Mckenna HamiltonClarkSustainableCapital,Inc.DC Elizabeth Avery KaloramaCapital,LLCDC Larry Scully ScullyCapitalSecuritiesCorp.DE David Monahan CoastalEquitiesDE Stephen Sweeny Brittingham,Inc.DE Charles Reiling CoastalEquities,Inc.

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TheSmallBusinessAuditCorrectionActof2018(HR6021)

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State Name SmallFirmFL Sarah Vegneron RenaissanceRegulatoryServicesFL Jed Bandes MutualTrustCo.OfAmericaSecuritiesFL Mark Beloyan TradespotMarketsInc.FL Victoria Ragland EquityInvestmentServices,IncFL Ruben Araneda BciSecurities,Inc.FL Indra Campbell ArcaCapitalInvestments,Inc.FL David Wilson EquifinancialLLCFL Susan Escobio SouthernTrustSecurities,Inc.FL Clifton Morris Mcduffie/MorrisFinancialGroup,Inc.FL S.David Moche CornwallPartners,LLCFL Michael Petagna AmericanMunicipalSecurities,Inc.FL Laura Crosby-Brown StillpointCapitalLLCFL Robert Schlitt SchlittInvestorServices,Inc.FL Karen Fischer BGStrategicAdvisorsFL Patricia Wells ValorFinancialSecuritiesLlcGA John Curran FintechSecuritiesGA Bruce Williamson FortressGroup,Inc.GA Marion Glover GloverCapital,Inc.GA Phyllis Johnson H&LEquities,LLCGA Aaron Prisco PropelAdvisoryGroup,Inc.GA Jeffrey Villwock LanierSecuritiesLLCGA Caroline Wisniewski BridgeCapitalAssociates,Inc.GU Sandra Mckeever AsiaPacificFinancialManagementGroup,Inc.HI MinWon Yang Sun'sBrothersSecuritiesInc.IA Timothy Weitzel WeitzelFinancialServices,Inc.IA Harley Whitfield AmericanEquityCapital,Inc.ID Christopher Miller AllegisInvestmentServicesLLCID Ryan Carlson AmericanIndependentSecuritiesGroup,LLCIL Darrell Butler BillowButler&Company,LLCIL Christopher Wurtzinger ForestSecurities,Inc.IL Margaret Wiermanski RapidExecutionServices,LLCIL Frederic Floberg TccSecurities,LLCIL Donald Grava VglGlobalLLCIL Gregory Taunt IasgAlternatives,LLCIL Randall Mitterling LiccarSecurities,LLCIL Donald Despain DespainFinancialCorporationIL Kevin Nicol NicolInvestorsCorporationIL Kenneth Sweet RelianceWorldwideInvestments,LLCIL James Correll CorrellCo.InvestmentServicesCorp.IL Tim Ogara ShannonAdvisorsLLCIL Charles Millington MillingtonInvestments,LLCIL Frank Chauner ChaunerSecurities,Inc.IL Stephen Mack MackInvestmentSecurities,Inc.IL Suzanne Bond InlandSecuritiesCorporation

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TheSmallBusinessAuditCorrectionActof2018(HR6021)

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State Name SmallFirmIN Melvin Brewer CornerstoneFinancialServices,Inc.IN John Evanich Atis,IncIN Randall Mitterling AppliedCapital,LLCIN John Simmons MorrisGroup,Inc.IN George Steel PlannedInvestmentCo.,Inc.IN Tom Faust EdwardOpperman,CPAIN Timothy Peoples AmericanEquityInvestmentCorporationIN Edward Opperman EdwardOppermanCPAKS John Stepp CentralStatesCapitalMarkets,LLCKS Robert Hamman FirstAssetFinancialInc.KS Kristopher Miller TandemSecurities,Inc.KS Margaret Hornbeck Truenorth,Inc.KY Stanley Kerrick LexingtonInvestmentCompany,Inc.LA Raymond Thompson Dorsey&Company,Inc.LA Brian Marcotte JohnsonRice&CompanyLLCLA Craig Lewis LewisFinancialGroup,LLCMA David Oldaker NorthernCapitalSecuritiesCorporationMA H.Don Drake O'neilSecuritiesInc.MA Stephen Oleary AerisPartnersLLCMA Paige Rand AgcPartnersMA Michael O'hara ConsensusSecuritiesLLCMA Sumner Kaufman Kaufman&Company,LLCMA Tina Maloney Winslow,Evans&Crocker,Inc.MA Kristin Kennedy Wood(ArthurW.)Company,Inc.MA Lawrence Martel O'NeilSecurities,IncorporatedMA Matthew Stumpf AGCPartnersMA John Mccarty CharlesRiverBrokerage,LLCMA Richard Murphy NorthBridgeCapital,LLCMA Dayna Gant AppleLaneGroupLLCMA Gilbert Moreira DonegalSecurities,Inc.MA William Mccance AdvisoryGroupEquityServicesLtd.MA Bruce Fox AdvisoryGroupEquityServices,LtdMA Sherry Horn NorthBridgeCapitalMD Craig Fischer AtlanticSecurities,Inc.MD David Pringle FellsPointResearchLLCMD Carol Greenwald PotomacInvestmentCompanyMD Frederick Holloway Holloway&Associates,Inc.MD Ernest Brittingham InternationalMoneyManagementGroup,Inc.MD Thomas Schmidt TLSFinancialServices,Inc.MI Edward Schwartz GregoryJ.Schwartz&Co.,Inc.MI Laura Powers GregoryJ.Schwartz&Co.,Inc.MI Gregory Papesh Dart,Papesh&Company,IncorporatedMI Randall Hansen CentennialSecuritiesCompany,Inc.MI Jordan Powers CentennialSecurities

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TheSmallBusinessAuditCorrectionActof2018(HR6021)

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State Name SmallFirmMI Mark Cleland DonnellyPenman&PartnersMI John Butterfield JackV.ButterfieldInvestmentCompanyMI Thomas Swiat Olmsted&Mulhall,Inc.MI Jason Welch WwkInvestments,Inc.MI Erica Momany KoehlerFinancial,LLCMI Craig Adams ConfidentialManagementFinancialServices,Inc.MN Todd Johnson CedarPointCapital,LLCMN Anthony Pence BlacktorchSecurities,LLCMN Michelle Sandberg Dougherty&CompanyLLCMN Jeannie Sonstegard Craig-HallumCapitalGroupLLCMN Tyler O'neill Craig-HallumCapitalGroupLLCMN Kimberly Chapman DSTMarketServices,LLCMN Patricia Bartholomew Craig-HallumCapitalGroupLLCMN Basil Joseph VanClemens&Co.IncorporatedMN Philip Wright BrokerbankSecurities,Inc.MN Todd Morgan StannardFinancialServices,LLCMN Thomas Laird T.E.LairdSecurities,LLCMN Thomas Laird T.E.LairdSecurities,LLCMN Thomas Martinson Martinson&Company,Ltd.MO Deborah Castiglioni Cutter&Company,Inc.MO Boyd Atteberry FinancialPlanningConsultants,Inc.MO Leann Knuth LabrunerieGroupMO Alexander Labrunerie LabrunerieFinancialServices,Inc.MO Michael Dardis CommerceBrokerageServices,Inc.MO Anton Burch Burch&Company,IncMO Sandra Dershem-Vega CountryClubFinancialServices,Inc.MO Marco Listrom Valdes&Moreno,Inc.MO Jenifer Burch Burch&Company,Inc.MO Patrick Hosty NeighborlySecuritiesMO Dana Bjornson GeorgeK.BaumCapitalAdvisors,Inc.MO David Miller GeneralSecuritiesCorpMO Trinity Lee Heim,Young&Associates,Inc.MO Dean Young Heim,Young&Associates,Inc.MO Deborah Mertz J.A.GlynnInvestmentsLLCMO Catherine Marshall HuntleighSecuritiesCorporationMO Norman Conley J.A.GlynnInvestments,LLCMO Robert Chambers HuntleighSecuritiesCorpMO Robert Hillard ArlingtonSecurities,Inc.MS James Coker Coker&PalmerMT Kimberly Smith S.G.Long&CompanyNC Larry Forrest SmithPointCapitalLtdNC Gregory Leneave AndersonLeneave&Co.NC Charlie Lucas Elevation,LlcNC Bennett Cole FalconbridgeCapitalMarkets,LLC

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TheSmallBusinessAuditCorrectionActof2018(HR6021)

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State Name SmallFirmNC John Fennebresque Fennebresque&Co.,LLCNC Debra Gilboy P.R.Gilboy&Associates,Inc.NC Robert Abbott SouthAtlanticEnterprises,Inc.NC Fredrick Fisher MilestoneInvestments,Inc.NC Andrew Burch CarolinaSecurities,Inc.NC Melissa Hoots FalconSquareCapital,LLCNC William Sykes SykesFinancialServicesLLCND Garry Pierce GarryPierceFinancialServices,LLPND Brian Kraft AlerusSecuritiesCorporationNE Mark Bell CORClearingLLCNE Danielle Hampton FirstNationalCapitalMarketsNE Shirley Overly HaleySecurities,Inc.NE Todd Engle KuehlCapitalCorporationNE Thomas Teckmeyer TeckmeyerFinancialServicesLLCNE John Detisch WeitzSecurities,Inc.NH John Clarke 1stBccwCapitalCorpNH Robert Macleod BigelowCapitalSecuritiesLLCNH Thomas Lewry CurbstoneFinancialManagementCorporationNH James Tovey JLTCapitalPartnersLLCNH William King JSITransactionAdvisors,LLCNH Laura Crosby-Brown PronetFinancialPartnersLLCNH Lisa Durgan SecurePlanning,Inc.NH Douglas Drozdowski SWNSecuritiesLLCNJ Daryl Hersch CeladonFinancialGroupLLCNJ David Sokolower Repex&Co.,Inc.NJ Alan Achtel Aca/PrudentInvestorsPlanningCorporationNJ John Iannone QuantexClearing,LLCNJ John Kuhn AvatarCapitalGroupLLCNJ Granville Ungerleider WhitemarshCapitalAdvisorsNJ Juan Espinosa AptoPartners,LLCNJ Mark Furman CvfSecurities,Inc.NJ August Cellitti SecurevestFinancialGroupNJ Anthony Cianci FoxChaseCapitalPartners,LLCNJ John Frontero CrossPointCapitalLLCNJ Brent Hippert HardcastleTradingUsaLLCNJ Andrew Macinnes BrilliquidLLCNJ Kevin Hull RobertA.Stanger&Company,Inc.NJ Sheldon Grodsky GrodskyAssociates,Inc.NJ Randolph Rogers MerrionSecurities,LLCNM Randall Dry ThornnburgSecuritiesCorp.NV Kim Schmidt ElmcoreSecuritiesNV Sean Deson Deson&Co.NV Felix Danciu ElmcoreSecuritiesLLCNY Bonnie MannFalk MazarsUSALLP

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TheSmallBusinessAuditCorrectionActof2018(HR6021)

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State Name SmallFirmNY Charles Pagano MazarsUSALLPNY Bruce Jackson CarverCrossSecuritiesCorp.NY Gary Hoch GaryHochAgency,Inc.NY John Rogers IntercoastalCapitalMarkets,Inc.NY Austin Rybstein A.C.R.Securities,Inc.NY Eytan Feldman OldCitySecuritiesLLCNY George Reichle A.P.Securities,Inc.NY Parbati Bhattacharya WestrockCapitalManagement,Inc.NY Dominick Scianandre HudsonHeritageCapitalManagement,Inc.NY Samantha Larew Manning&NapierInvestorServices,Inc.NY Michelle O'Brien Manning&NapierInvestorServices,Inc.NY Maureen O'Brien DynamoConsulting,LLCNY Carl Lanzisera FederatedSecuritiesNY Gloria Scheiman TGPrivateCapitalNY Arthur Loomis NortheastCapital&Advisory,Inc.NY Richard Carlesco IbnFinancialServices,Inc.NY James Westmacott WestcoInvestmentCorp.NY Barbara Fulcher WestcoInvestmentCorpNY Wendy Lanton LanternInvestmentsNY Dawn Haye GlauconCapitalPartners,LLC.NY Janice Parise SddcoGroupNY Robert Aufhauser AufhauserSecurities,Inc.NY Robert Solomon BeekmanSecurities,Inc.NY W.Stewart Cahn CahnCapitalCorp.NY Ronald Pasternak DbotAts,LlcNY E.Magnus Oppenheim E.MagnusOppenheim&Co.Inc.NY Howard Spindel SuryaCapitalSecuritiesLLCNY Garfield Miller AegisEnergyAdvisorsCorp.NY Victor Park AlternativeAssetInvestmentManagementSecuritiesNY Kevin Hourihan AshmoreInvestmentManagement(Us)CorporationNY Oliver Cromwell BentleySecuritiesCorporationNY Ian Green BrokerageselectNY W.Stewart Cahn CahnCapitalCorp.NY Michael Steinberg CcbInternationalOverseas(Usa)Inc.NY David Wong ColonialSecurities,Inc.NY Michael Kraus HTCapitalSecurities,LLCNY John Kiremidjian NBMarkets,Inc.NY Gerhard Summerer DZFinancialMarketsLLCNY Jason Eveleth Exane,Inc.NY Scott Abrams FinancoSecurities,LLCNY Ilan Lessick GmpSecurities,LLCNY William Hunnicutt Hunnicutt&Co.LLCNY Henry Marshall Hunter,Keith,Marshall&Co.,IncorporatedNY Bishen Pertab ICICISecuritiesInc.

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TheSmallBusinessAuditCorrectionActof2018(HR6021)

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State Name SmallFirmNY Howard Spindel IIPSecuritiesLLCNY Robert Rabinowitz J.H.Darbie&Co.,Inc.NY John Loofbourrow JohnW.LoofbourrowAssociates,Inc.NY Leslie Feldman EurekaCapitalMarkets,LNY Sam Kopkind LwpartnersCapitalGroupLLCNY Lawrence May MayCapitalGroup,LLCNY Lawrence Walther MaybankKimEngSecuritiesUsaInc.NY George Ramirez MfrSecurities,Inc.NY Ann-Marie Baker MuzinichCapitalLLCNY Steven Perlstein MvpFinancial,LLCNY Robert Snider Omnicap,LLCNY Ruben Brache OpeningNightCapital,LLCNY Kenneth Boyar PalicoLLCNY Patrick O'meara ProforAdvisorsNY Robert Hackel R.F.Lafferty&Co.,Inc.NY Larry Kimmel Redburn(Usa)LlcNY M.Allison Steiner RhoneGroupAdvisorsLLCNY Martin Pollock EurekacapPartnersIncNY David Deblase SouthStreetSecuritiesLLCNY Steven Jafarzadeh Stonehaven,LLCNY Michael Cardello TerraCapitalMarketsLLCNY George Schinkel TheKleinGroup,LLCNY William Robertson TmCapitalCorp.NY Charles Gerber TriumphGlobalSecurities,Ltd.NY David Shields WellingtonShields&Co.,LLCNY Michael Lowenberg WhiteMountainCapital,LLCNY David Rappaport InvestecSecurities(US).LLCNY John Luttenberger MacroRiskAdvisorsLLCNY Alexander Mack MiddlemarchSecuritiesLLCNY Robert Kent MorningsideSecurities,LLCNY Brent Hippert AshtonStewart&Co.NY John Parmigiani AllliedMillenialNY Michael Mangieri SevenPointsCapital,LLCNY Andrew Epstein Gordon,HaskettNY Raymond Mendez BrittanyCapitalGroup,Inc.NY Constantine Baris LongshipAlternativeAssetMgmt,LLCNY Robert Stearns LongshipAlternativeAssetManagementNY Steven Rubenstein ArrowInvestments,Inc.NY Allan Goldstein TradeInformaticsLlcNY Joseph Lanzisera ExcelSecurities&Associates,Inc.NY Scott Zollo MutualFundsAssociatesInc.NY Wayne Holly Sage,Rutty&Co.,Inc.NY John Maceranka TheWindmillGroup,Inc.NY Olaf Neubert TopcapPartners,Inc.

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TheSmallBusinessAuditCorrectionActof2018(HR6021)

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State Name SmallFirmNY John Pisapia ChelseaFinancialServicesNY Teresa Davies Burke&QuickPartnersLLCNY Philip Coombe CoombeFinancialServices,Inc.NY Jerome Keenan InternationalEquityServices,Inc.NY Steven Blecher MorganJosephTriartisan,LLCNY Stephen Distante VanderbiltSecurities,LLCOH Frank Panzeca ClarkSchaeferHackettCPAs&AdvisorsOH Peter Nerone GreatAmericanAdvisors,Inc.OH John Seibert J.D.Seibert&Company,Inc.OH Salvatore Raffa NorthcoastResearchPartnersOH Martin Rizzo NorthcoastResearchPartners,LLCOH Timothy Henahan Baker&Co.,Inc.OH Dock Treece TreeceFinancialServicesCorp.OH Melissa Henahan Baker&Co.,IncOK James Oplotnik AccessInvestments,Inc.OR Edward Curiel DLXFinancialGroup,LLLCOR Richard Goud HPSecurities,Inc.OR William Campbell EquilibriumCapitalServices,LLCOR Tanya DurkeeUrbach PaulsonInvestmentCompany,LLCPA Leona Robinson Robinson&Robinson,Inc.PA Betty Rainier BeaconsfieldFinancialServices,Inc.PA Richard Rainier BeaconsfieldFinancialServices,Inc.PA Mark Karbiner PmSecurities,LLCDbaPhoenixCapitalResourcesPA John Marsden JRMSecuritiesPA Peter Engelbach J.AldenAssociates,Inc.PA Steven Segal ParkCityCapital,Inc.PA Kevin Kornfield KevinHartKornfield&Company,Inc.PA James Oconnor BestvestInvestments,Ltd.PA Dale Pope MercapSecurities,LLCPA Mark Cresap Cresap,Inc.PA W.Dean Karrash Burke,Lawton,Brewer&Burke,LLCPA Brian Anderson Nestlerode&Loy,Inc.PA Judy Loy Nestlerode&Loy,Inc.PR John Holman EshCapital,LLCPR Ramon Thomas RdCapitalGroup,Inc.RI Wilson Saville Barrett&CompanyRI David Izzi Brown,Lisle/Cummings,Inc.RI Karen Bacon DiversifiedResources,LLCSC Nelson Arrington V.M.Manning&Co.,Inc.SC Edward Dowaschinski DunesSecuritiesCorporationSC Edward Dowaschinski DunesSecuritiesCorporationSC Joan Grava PalmettoAdvisoryGroupSC Derrick Grava PalmettoAdvisoryGroupSC Kenneth Wilson TRCMarketsLLC

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TheSmallBusinessAuditCorrectionActof2018(HR6021)

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State Name SmallFirmSD Gregory Wilson VariableInvestmentAdvisors,Inc.TN Raymond Brandon BrandonInvestments,Inc.TN Dan Mayfield SanderlinSecurities,LlcTN Lisa James WileyBrosAintreeCapital,LLCTN Joel Oertling AvondalePartners,LLCTN James Murphy AvondalePartners,LLCTN David WileyIii WileyBros.-AintreeCapital,LLCTN David James PnfpCapitalMarkets,Inc.TN Thomas Altfillisch WesternEquityGroup,Inc.TX Byron Treat GreatNationInvestmentCorporationTX Dante Fichera IndependentInvestmentBankers,Corp.TX Jason Rivera AccSecurities,LLCTX Billy Sims BrazosSecurities,Inc.TX Travis Duren CrescentSecuritiesGroup,Inc.TX Chad Bailey GuidestoneFinancialServicesTX Lewis Fisher L.B.Fisher&CompanyTX Daniel Dooley MaplewoodInvestmentAdvisors,Inc.TX John Mauldin MauldinSecurities,LLCTX James Davis TexasCorporateCapitalAdvisorsTX Katherine Cook VenovateMarketplace,Inc.TX Jeremy Halpin GuidestoneFinancialServicesTX Carla Wright SignalSecurities,Inc.TX Ivan Singleton SignalSecurities,Inc.TX Robert Bagley BullishBobBagleySecurities,Inc.TX Robbi Jones KiplingJones&Co.,Ltd.TX Melinda Legaye MoodySecurities,LLCTX Kevin Regan RHCASecurities,LLCTX William Wilson SPSecuritiesLLCTX William Hoover StewardSecuritiesGroupLLCTX Patrick Smetek SunbeltSecurities,Inc.TX Randal Ferguson FirstWesternSecurities,Inc.TX Craig Kilpatrick FirstWesternSecuritiesTX Ilonka Nobles Nobles&Richards,Inc.TX Linde Murphy MEAllison&CoTX Christopher Allison M.E.Allison&Co.,Inc.TX David Mcnally McnallyFinancialServicesCorporationTX Heather Nelson MEAllisonTX Tiffany Fisher CNSSecurities,LLCTX Richard Sandow ForteSecuritiesLLCTX Timothy Kohn InvestorsBrokerageOfTexas,Ltd.TX Scott Taylor ScottT.Taylor,Ltd.UT James Dowd NorthCapitalPrivateSecuritiesCorporationUT Stephanie Holt NorthCapitalPrivateSecuritiesUT Betsy Voter MichaelBest

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TheSmallBusinessAuditCorrectionActof2018(HR6021)

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State Name SmallFirmUT Eric Vos MoretonCapitalMarketsLLCUT Paige Pierce PSPConsultingVA Francis Stiff ChevalCapital,Inc.VA Robert Mann FirstGeorgetownSecurities,Inc.VA Shawn Mclaughlin MclaughlinRyderInvestments,Inc.VA Jennifer Szaro Lara,May&Associates,LLCVA Nicole Saunders NorthwestFinancialAdvisorsVA Robert Moreschi EasternPointSecurities,Inc.VA Kenneth Smither Smither&CompanyCapitalMarkets,LLCVA Donna Arles WealthforgeSecuritiesVA Mark Dempsey NavyFederalBrokerageServices,LLCVT Brian Mckenna D.B.Mckenna&Co.,Inc.VT Donald Mckenna D.B.Mckenna&Co.,Inc.WA Dick Smith DownUnderEnterprisesWA Michael Keller FSICWA James Humbard A&ASecuritiesLLCWA Sean Grubb NorthwestInvestmentAdvisors,Inc.WA Tim Vorpahl VorpahlWingSecuritiesWI Richard Peterson LibertyInvestmentCounsel,Ltd.WI Tami Strang ButtonwoodPartners,Inc.WI Mari Buechner CoordinatedCapitalSecurities,Inc.WI Gennady Bekasov HewinsBrokerageServices,LLCWI Michael Losse WillowCoveInvestmentGroup,Inc.WV Jacob Doyle FinancialWestGroupWV Timothy Bidwell Hazlett,Burt&Watson,Inc.WV Ami Shaver UnitedBrokerageServices,Inc.WV Rose Wilson WesbancoSecurities,Inc.

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888 373-1840 | 1201 Pennsylvania Ave. NW | Suite 700 | Washington, D.C. 20004 | financialservices.org

VIA ELECTRONIC MAIL June 20, 2018 The Honorable Mike Crapo The Honorable Sherrod Brown Chairman Ranking Member Senate Banking Committee Senate Banking Committee 534 Dirksen Senate Office Building 534 Dirksen Senate Office Building Washington, D.C. 20510 Washington, D.C. 20510

Dear Chairman Crapo and Ranking Member Brown:

The Financial Services Institute (FSI)1 and the 35,000 independent financial advisors and over 100 independent financial service firms that we represent strongly support S. 3004: Small Business Audit Correction Act of 2018. This bill would exempt privately-held, small, non-custodial brokers-dealers in good standing from the requirement to hire a Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB)-registered audit firm to meet their annual reporting obligation and would instead reinstate the previous regulatory audit requirements. Currently, the Dodd-Frank Act requires all investment brokers and dealers, irrespective of size, to hire a PCAOB-registered audit firm to conduct audits using significantly more complex guidelines designed for larger, public companies. We believe this legislation will provide much-needed regulatory relief to small broker-dealers by exempting them from the most onerous audit requirements. Therefore, we urge the Committees to support S. 3004, ensuring that small broker-dealers can continue to operate without these unnecessary burdens. The broker-dealer community in the financial services industry consists of large companies, mid-sized firms, and small businesses. As of November 2017, the small business community consisted of 3,425 firms all employing 150 registered reps or fewer. Ten years ago, the approximately 1,000 more of these small businesses in our industry than there are today, but the crush of regulatory burdens, including the PCAOB-registered audit firm requirement, has led to their demise. The remaining small firms are feeling this impact especially hard as audit fees rise due to the smaller pool of audit firms. The impact is felt throughout the country as these Main Street businesses struggle to remain viable. On behalf of our members, FSI appreciates your time in considering support for the S. 3004: Small Business Audit Correction Act of 2018. For all of the above reasons, FSI applauds both Senators Cotton and Jones for introduction of S. 3004: Small Business Audit Correction Act of 2018 in the 115th Congress, and we hope that the Senate Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Committee will consider this worthwhile piece of legislation that will provide much-needed regulatory relief to small investment brokers across the United States.

1 The Financial Services Institute (FSI) is the only organization advocating solely on behalf of independent financial advisors and independent financial services firms. Since 2004, through advocacy, education and public awareness, FSI has successfully promoted a more responsible regulatory environment for more than 40,000 independent financial advisors, and more than 100 independent financial services firms who represent upwards of 160,000 affiliated financial advisors. We effect change through involvement in FINRA governance as well as constructive engagement in the regulatory and legislative processes, working to create a healthier regulatory environment for our members so they can provide affordable, objective advice to hard-working Main Street Americans.

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If you have any questions, please contact J. Maurice Jackson, Director of Legislative Affairs, at (202) 499-7220.

Sincerely,

Dale E. Brown, CAE

President & CEO

cc: Members of the Senate Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Committee

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June 21, 2018 The Honorable Mike Crapo The Honorable Sherrod Brown Chairman Ranking Member Comm. on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Comm. on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs United States Senate United States Senate Washington, DC 20510 Washington, DC 20510

Dear Chairman Crapo and Ranking Member Brown:

On behalf of the Bond Dealers of America (BDA), I write to ask for your support and co-sponsorship of the Small Business Audit Correction Act (S. 3004). The BDA is the only Washington, DC based trade association representing the interests of “Main Street” investment firms and banks active predominantly in the U.S. fixed income markets.

S. 3004 would exempt privately held, small non-custodial brokers and dealers in good standing from the requirements to hire a Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) registered audit firm to meet their annual SEA Rule 17a-5 reporting obligation and that the audit firm perform the audit in accordance with PCAOB standards. For these smaller firms, S. 3004 would reinstate the previous regulatory requirements, under which they must file audited financial statements, without a requirement that the audit satisfy PCAOB standards. The one-size-fits-all audit requirements have placed an unfair burden on small businesses, including many BDA member firms, and substantially heightened regulatory burdens onto Main Street broker-dealer firms around the country. S. 3004 would more appropriately tailor the audit requirements while still providing quality customer protections. Audits conducted in accordance with PCAOB standards delve into granular-level details that have nothing to do with the financial soundness of the small broker-dealers that meet the eligibility requirements for S. 3004 or provide their investors with additional protection. Small broker-dealers that qualify for the exemption do not hold or carry customer funds or securities in their own accounts, choosing instead to have those risks assumed by a larger carrying firm. The PCAOB audit requirement is appropriate and the right fit for public companies and broker-dealers, which carry customer funds or securities, because the investing public and markets are potentially at much greater risk from these companies. Passage of the bill would provide significant and much needed relief for small broker-dealer businesses and access to local, affordable, and sound investment options for your constituents and their communities. Thank you for your attention to this very important issue. Sincerely,

Michael Nicholas Chief Executive Officer, Bond Dealers of America

cc: Members of the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs

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June 20, 2018 The Honorable Tom Cotton The Honorable Doug Jones 124 Russell Senate Office Building 326 Russell Senate Office Building Washington, DC 20510 Washington, DC 20515 Dear Senators Cotton and Jones: I am writing to express the Institute for Portfolio Alternatives’ (IPAs) support for S. 3004, the Small Business Audit Correction Act of 2018. We appreciate your leadership in advancing this important legislation that provides necessary regulatory relief for small, privately-held, non-custodial broker-dealers (BDs). For over 30 years the Institute for Portfolio Alternatives has raised awareness of portfolio diversifying investment (PDI) products among stakeholders and market participants, including: investment advisers, public policymakers and the investing public. We support increased access to investment strategies with low correlation to the equity markets: lifecycle real estate investment trusts (Lifecycle REITs), net asset value REITs (NAV REITs), business development companies (BDCs), interval funds and direct participation programs (DPPs). Through advocacy and industry-leading education, the IPA is committed to ensuring all investors have access to real assets and the opportunity to effectively balance their investment portfolios. Independent broker-dealers, an important part part of the IPA’s membership, face increasing regulatory challenges while trying to compete on a level playing field with larger firms. One of those challenges is that current regulations require privately-held, non-custodial brokerage firms to use a Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) registered audit firm for their annual audits. For small, non-custodial BDs it can be challenging to find a PCAOB registered auditor willing to take their business. Very few PCAOB auditors today conduct small firm audits, and charge increasingly high fees and require extensive and complex paperwork of their small firm clients. Prior to the enactment of the The Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002, BDs were required to hire AICPA registered auditors who followed Generally Accepted Auditing Standards (GAAS) when conducting BD annual audits. Following the enactment of Sarbanes-Oxley, BDs irrespective of size are now required to hire a PCAOB-registered auditor who follows the PCAOB-defined set of audit standards, which are markedly different and significantly more complex than GAAS. The reason they are more complex is because they were designed and intended for use in the performance of financial audits of public companies with public shareholders, not privately-owned small businesses. The PCAOB audit requirement makes sense for large public companies such as Apple, and for BDs that carry customer funds or securities, like large Wall Street wirehouses, because the investing public and markets are potentially at much greater risk from these companies. Conversely, the PCAOB requirements make no sense for privately-held, small non-custodial firms that do not carry customer funds or

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securities. Currently, a 3-person small business is held to the same standards as a these larger brokerage firms; this is not fair or reasonable. That is why the IPA supports your legislation to eliminate this burdensome requirement, which will allow small, private non-custodial BDs to better compete and serve their customers. We look forward to working with your offices to pass this simple, common sense legislation that will remove costly burdens on non-custodial BDs. Please contact myself or Anya Coverman, IPA’s Senior Vice President, Government Affairs and General Counsel at 202.548.7190 with any questions. Sincerely,

Anthony Chereso President & CEO, Institute for Portfolio Alternatives

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CH A M B E R O F CO M ME R C E O F T H E

UN IT E D S T A T E S O F A ME R IC A

N E I L L . B R A D L E Y

E X E C U T I V E V I C E P R E S I D E N T & C H I E F P O L I C Y O F F I C E R

1 6 1 5 H S T R E E T , N W W A S H I N G T O N , D C 2 0 0 6 2

( 2 0 2 ) 4 6 3 - 5 3 1 0

June 25, 2018

The Honorable Michael Crapo The Honorable Sherrod Brown

Chair Ranking Member

Committee on Banking, Housing, and Committee on Banking, Housing and

Urban Affairs Urban Affairs

United States Senate United States Senate

Washington, D.C. 20510 Washington, D.C. 20510

Dear Chairman Crapo and Ranking Member Brown:

The U.S. Chamber of Commerce supports a number of bills that the Committee is

scheduled to consider at the June 26th

hearing entitled “Legislative Proposals to Increase Access

to Capital.” The Chamber supports the following bills that would expand capital market access to

America’s small and mid-size businesses:

S. 588, the “Helping Angels Lead our Startups Act,” would clarify that startups and

angel investors are permitted to participate in “demo days” or other events in which no specific

investment solicitation is made. This change is consistent with the original intent of the

Jumpstart our Business Startups (“JOBS”) Act of 2012 and would help innovative companies

expand and hire new employees.

S. 2347, the “Encouraging Public Offerings Act of 2018,” would allow any company

– regardless of size or EGC status – to take advantage of Title I of the 2012 JOBS Act, such as

allowing investors to submit confidential draft registration statements with the SEC and to “test

the waters” before filing an IPO. Title I of the JOBS Act has proven to be a true policy success,

and Congress and the SEC should continue to explore how more companies can take advantage

of its provisions.

S. 2765, the “RBIC Advisers Relief Act of 2018,” would help expand the flow of

capital into rural communities by cutting down unnecessary red tape and regulatory requirements

that are more appropriate for larger funds. Given the fact that post-recession business creation

has largely been concentrated in large urban areas, this legislation would help create more

opportunities in communities where business creation has been slow.

S. 3004, the “Small Business Audit Correction Act of 2018,” would exempt privately-

held non-custodial brokerage firms from a requirement to have a Public Company Accounting

Oversight Board (PCAOB)-registered firm conduct their annual audit. Small broker-dealers are

often important sources of capital for startups or small businesses around the country, and there

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2

is no compelling reason to subject them to an audit process that is more fitting of a large

company.

The Chamber appreciates your work to have these bills considered and looks forward to

working with the Committee as they advance through the legislative process.

Sincerely,

Neil L. Bradley

cc: Members of the Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs

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September 11, 2018

The Honorable Jeb Hensarling The Honorable Maxine Waters

Chairman Ranking Member

Committee on Financial Services Committee on Financial Services

U.S. House of Representatives U.S. House of Representatives

Washington, DC 20515 Washington, DC 20515

Re: Support for the Small Business Audit Correction Act (H.R. 6021)

Dear Chairman Hensarling and Ranking Member Waters:

My name is Wendy Lanton and I am the Chair of the Small Firm Advisory Committee (“SFAC”) for the

Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”). Our committee is made up of 10 senior executives

of small firms (firms with 1-150 registered representatives), half of whom are elected by their peers, plus

three ex-officio members who serve on the FINRA Board of Governors. Our committee represents the

interests of the 3,320 FINRA small firm members and ensures that issues of interest and concern to small

firms are effectively communicated to and considered by FINRA. It should be noted that the views and

opinions expressed herein are those of the SFAC members and may not be shared by FINRA.

I am writing to express the Small Firm Advisory Committee’s support of the Small Business Audit

Correction Act of 2018 (H.R. 6021) which was introduced this past June by Congressmen French Hill (R-

AR) and Vicente Gonzalez (D-TX). This bill, if passed, will exclude the financial audits of small non-

custody brokers and dealers that are privately held and in good standing from certain requirements under

title I of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“SOX”). I would also like to note that the exemption from title

I’s Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) requirements is the #1 priority for small

broker-dealers right now; small businesses need legislative and regulatory relief because the burdens are

simply too great right now and we are going out of business at an alarming rate.

Our bill corrects the problem that small “introducing brokers”, i.e. those that don’t take custody of client

assets, are now paying significantly-increased audit costs and spending a minimum of 2x the amount of

man-hours on audits due to a 2010 expansion of Sarbanes-Oxley. The current audit requirements are

inappropriate and unnecessary for small non-public non-custodial firms. This bill amends SOX to exempt

this narrowly defined subset of businesses from a public company-like audit and returns these firms to the

pre-2010 world whereby these brokers submit audited financials to the SEC, FINRA and the States

according to the AICPA’s Generally Accepted Auditing Standards (GAAS).

The SFAC and our small firm constituents acknowledge that the PCAOB audit requirement was a well-

intentioned response to the Madoff scandal, but it has ensnared brokers who are incapable of Madoff-

style scams since all customer assets for our firms are held at custodial firms like BNY Mellon, Fidelity

Clearing & Custody, Pershing and Hilltop. We feel it is appropriate to underscore with our

Representatives on the House Financial Services Committee that Madoff Securities was a custodial firm

that did not employ an outside custodian which is why and how they were able to perpetrate their

fraudulent schemes on unsuspecting customers; they took custody of customer assets. The current public

company audit rules are overlaid on firms that had nothing to do with the financial crisis and have nothing

to do with Madoff-type scams. We believe small firms deserve legislative and regulatory clarity and right-

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sized audit standards, so we seek the common sense carveout contained in H.R. 6021, the Small Business

Audit Correction Act.

Small non-custodial firms are closing down, which is bad for retail customers and the overall market, and

the number of PCAOB-registered audit firms is decreasing rapidly as well. The audit firms, as has been

relayed to us, are exiting the PCAOB process because it is impossible for them to apply JP Morgan- and

Apple-style audit requirements to small non-custodial Main Street broker-dealers. Keeping in mind that

72% of small broker-dealers in the industry have 20 or fewer representatives, the PCAOB standards that

were written for public companies simply do not apply to or fit our very small non-public firms.

A recent report on auditor deficiencies actually proves that the current process does not, and cannot, work

for small non-custodial businesses; public company standards will, quite literally, never fit our very small,

non-public businesses. Moreover, both the SEC and PCAOB have acknowledged that they have no data

to demonstrate positive outcomes as a result of the PCAOB requirement, yet both entities acknowledge

the notable increase in audit costs.

FINRA, the SEC and the State Securities Division’s test for compliance with federal securities laws, self-

regulatory organization, NYSE, and State rules and compliance with the broker-dealers written

supervisory procedures. In 2017, FINRA alone conducted close to 8,000 examinations of approximately

3,726 broker-dealer firms. When you add the SEC, State, and CFTC examinations to FINRA’s, we would

reasonably argue that the broker-dealer community is one of the most surveilled group of regulated

companies in the country. Since the required monthly and quarterly regulatory financial reporting and

oversight examinations performed by these entities provide the necessary protection to both customers

and markets, PCAOB oversight of auditors of small, privately-held, non-custodial broker-dealers is

duplicative and unnecessary.

The one-size-fits-all PCAOB audit standards that were designed for significantly more complex

companies have been devastating to small businesses around the country. Currently, a 3-person, non-

public small business is held to the same standards as Merrill Lynch; this is not right, fair or reasonable.

At a time when small firms should be deploying their assets (human and financial) to the benefit and

protection of their customers, for instance in the area of enhanced cyber security, instead, this prior statute

demands their capital for an audit that does not, in any way, benefit those same investing customers.

Additionally, it is worth highlighting that the PCAOB’s mission is “investor protection”. The term

“investor” as it relates to the PCAOB, refers to individuals who invest in Public Company stock. The

companies that will be eligible for the PCAOB exemption contained in H.R. 6021 are all Non-Public

Companies that, by definition, do not have Public Company investors.

Respectfully, we would further suggest that this bill is not controversial amongst anyone who understands

it because it allows regulators, who also have limited resources, to more appropriately focus on public

companies and the bigger, custodial broker-dealers that employ 90% of the registered representatives in

the country. At a July 26th hearing the in the Senate Banking Committee, witnesses selected by both

Ranking Member Brown and Chairman Crapo endorsed the bill when asked by Sen. Cotton. Professor

Bullard, the witness selected by Ranking Member Sherrod Brown, said “I share the opinion of the bill.”

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And while Sen. Brown himself critiqued the other GOP-led bills that day, he did not critique this one.

You can see Sen. Jones’s (D-AL) questions here at 1:15:20.

Endorsements and Other Information:

Over 800 small firms have signed the letter attached (PDF is titled “Letter to HFSC…”). They are

in every SBC member state except Wyoming. Note that this is a sample of the 3000 or so firms in

this category, but these folks are willing to talk to you today if you like.

John Berlau at CEI wrote in favor of the bill.

Investment News article.

Attached is a 2011 letter from six Members of Congress that are CPAs. The two Democrats are

Rep. Brad Sherman and Rep. Collin Peterson. That letter was prescient, in that it says the

PCAOB audit was “unwarranted” for non-custodial firms. These CPAs do acknowledge that the

audit is appropriate for the other, larger public and/or custodial firms.

Attached is a July 15, 2018, National Council of Insurance Legislators (NCOIL) Resolution in

Support of the Small Business Audit Correction Act.

The group Better Markets has stated this bill “presents no systemic risk.”

Support from the following groups:

1. US Chamber of Commerce, letter attached

2. Bond Dealers of America (BDA), support letter attached & here’s their “Call To Action”

3. Financial Services Institute (FSI), letter of support is attached

4. Institute for Portfolio Alternatives (IPA), letter of support attached

5. National Investment Banking Association

6. Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association

The small firm community in the brokerage industry supports the mission of our financial regulators and

of the PCAOB, as it relates to public companies that sell their stock to the investing public and

carrying/custodial broker-dealer firms that take custody of customer funds and securities. Without

appropriate (not one size fits all) regulation, the United States would not have efficient capital markets,

however this legislative overreach of Dodd-Frank has created unnecessary and devastating costs and

burdens for smaller broker-dealers, negatively affected small accounting firms, and further limits the

choices our retail customers have as our small companies buckle under the disproportionate weight of

audit and compliance costs.

Our economy is powered by small business. Our future job growth depends on small businesses. Our

future economic prosperity and competitiveness depends on the ability of our small businesses to

innovate and grow into industry leaders. As small business owners and operators across the country, we

are asking for your help with this bipartisan issue of helping small businesses. Please help our firms and

our community of small businesses by supporting our efforts to get the Small Business Audit Correction

Act supported in Committee, brought to the floor of the House, and passed. Passing this Act will provide

significant and much needed relief for small businesses and our customers around the country.

Thank you for your attention to this important issue. If you have any questions or would like additional

information, please contact Paige Pierce at [email protected] or (801) 733-9909.

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Sincerely,

The FINRA Small Firm Advisory Committee

Wendy Lanton (New York) Cathy Cucharale (New York)

Chair M. Griffith Investment Services

Lantern Investments, Inc. [email protected]

[email protected]

Allan Goldstein (New York) Robert Hamman (Kansas)

Trade Informatics First Asset Financial, Inc.

[email protected] [email protected]

Shawn McLaughlin (Virginia) Gil Mogavero (California)

McLaughlin Ryder Investments, Inc. JMP Securities LLC

[email protected] [email protected]

Linde Murphy (Texas) John Parmigiani (New York)

M.E. Allison Co, Inc. Allied Millennial Partners, LLC

[email protected] [email protected]

Jim Williams (California)

Gogan & Williams

[email protected]

Paige W. Pierce (Utah) – SFAC Member and FINRA Board of Governor

Larimer Capital Corporation

[email protected]

Stephen Kohn (Colorado) – Ex-officio SFAC Member and FINRA Board of Governor

Stephen A. Kohn & Associates, Ltd.

[email protected]

Robert Muh (California) - Ex-officio SFAC Member and FINRA Board of Governor

Sutter Securities

[email protected]

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NATIONAL COUNCIL OF INSURANCE LEGISLATORS (NCOIL)

RESOLUTION IN SUPPORT OF THE SMALL BUSINESS AUDIT CORRECTION ACT

Adopted by the NCOIL Financial Services Committee on July 13, 2018 and the NCOIL Executive

Committee on July 15, 2018

*Sponsored by Senator Jason Rapert (AR)

WHEREAS, many types of financial institutions are in need of regulatory relief, including

privately-held, small non-custodial brokers and dealers, which are often the gateway to the

markets for Main Street businesses; and

WHEREAS, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) was established by

Congress in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Sarbanes-Oxley) to oversee the audits of public

companies in an effort to protect the investing public; and

WHEREAS, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank)

expanded the PCAOB’s oversight to include the annual audits of all brokers and dealers

registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), regardless of size; and

WHEREAS, prior to Sarbanes-Oxley, and as amended by Dodd-Frank, brokers and dealers were

required to hire American Institute of CPAs (AICPA) registered auditors who followed

Generally Accepted Accounting Standards (GAAS) when conducting audits; and

WHEREAS, the complex and expensive PCAOB audit requirements and guidelines were

appropriately designed for large, public companies because the investing public and markets are

potentially at much greater risk from those companies; and

WHEREAS, conversely, the PCAOB audit requirements and guidelines are not suited for small,

privately-held firms that do not hold customer assets; and

WHEREAS, this one-size-fits-all PCAOB audit requirement has inhibited the growth and

success of small broker-dealer businesses with limited resources; and

WHEREAS, the very name of the PCAOB should limit its oversight to public companies, not

privately-held firms; and

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WHEREAS, such small, Main Street firms, should be encouraged to focus on providing

valuable services to their customers rather than exerting their limited resources on regulations

that only provide enhanced consumer protection when applied to large, public companies; and

WHEREAS, H.R. 6021/S. 3004, the “Small Business Audit Correction Act of 2018” would

exempt privately-held, small non-custodial brokers and dealers in good standing from the

requirement to hire a PCAOB-registered audit firm, and reinstate audit requirements to the

former standard for those types of firms which will in turn protect consumers and promote

economic growth; and

WHEREAS, this bipartisan legislation is a common-sense step towards easing the regulatory

burden on small businesses, a burden so great that many small businesses are struggling to

survive; and

WHEREAS, NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that NCOIL supports H.R.

6021/S.3004, and urges members of Congress to take action on the proposal to provide

significant and much needed relief for small businesses and their customers across the country;

and

BE IT FINALLY RESOLVED, that a copy of this Resolution shall be distributed

to the members of the U.S. House Financial Services Committee; the members of the Senate

Banking Committee; the Speaker and Minority Leader of the U.S. House of Representatives; the

Majority Leader and Minority Leader of the United States Senate; and the Chairs of the

Committees of jurisdiction in each Legislative Chamber of each State.

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THE SMALL BUSINESS AUDIT CORRECTION ACT OF 2018

Small businesses in the investment and accounting industries are asking for your support in passing

the Small Business Audit Correction Act of 2018. This Act would exempt privately-held, small non-

custodial brokers and dealers in good standing from the requirement to hire a Public Company

Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB)-registered audit firm to meet their annual SEA Rule 17a-5

reporting obligation and would instead reinstate the prior regulatory audit requirements.

Small Broker/Dealers are the gateway to the markets for the everyday-man and -woman; we connect

buyers and sellers of every size and level of sophistication and keep markets open and active, all while

creating local jobs and contributing to our communities. Our businesses are found on Main Street, not

Wall Street, and we never lose sight of who we are serving, whose life savings we are responsible for,

and who keeps us in business. Our customers are our friends and neighbors, members of our faith

communities and people we see at our local grocery store.

Please help us as we fight against the unfair burden on small businesses of legislation intended for

public companies and larger Wall Street Brokers and Dealers that take custody of customer funds and

securities (which we do not do). We need your help in passing this Act so small businesses across the

country can, quite literally, stay in business.

BACKGROUND

Investment industry Brokers and Dealers are required by law and regulation to have an annual audit that

produces audited financial statements. Around the turn of the century there were a slew of corporate

scandals that resulted in Congress passing the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 with the intent to protect

shareholders and investors from fraudulent corporate accounting and audit practices. Fast forward to

the devastation of Madoff and the 2007-08 financial crisis and we saw Congress enact the Dodd-Frank

Act in an effort to protect the investing public from, in part, corporate malfeasance. Included in both

Acts is legislative language that changed the rules for Broker/Dealer annual audits, no matter what size

firm.

Prior to Sarbanes-Oxley, as amended by Dodd-Frank, Brokers and Dealers were required to hire a

certified public accounting firm which followed Generally Accepted Accounting Standards (GAAS) when

conducting Broker/Dealer annual audits. Following the enactment of the Acts, Broker/Dealers,

irrespective of size, were required to hire a PCAOB-registered auditor who followed the PCAOB-defined

set of audit standards, which are markedly different and significantly more complex than GAAS. The

reason they are more complex is because they were designed and intended for use in the performance

of financial audits of public companies with public shareholders, not privately-owned small businesses

like ours.

RIGHT FIT vs WRONG FIT

The PCAOB audit requirement is appropriate and the right fit for public companies and Broker/Dealers

which carry customer funds or securities, like JP Morgan or Morgan Stanley, because the investing

public and markets are potentially at much greater risk from these companies.

Conversely, the PCAOB audit requirement does not make sense and is the wrong fit for privately-held,

non-custodial, small Broker/Dealers. Our companies are not publicly traded companies and therefore do

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not have any public shareholders and we do not hold or carry customer funds or securities in our own

accounts, choosing instead to hand those risks off to a clearing firm. As risk profiles go, ours is quite low.

THE IMPACT ON SMALL BUSINESS

In 2012, there were 783 PCAOB-registered audit firms. By 2016, there were only 478 PCAOB-registered

audit firms. That is nearly a 40% reduction in the number of audit firms eligible to audit all public

companies as well as the approximately 3700 Broker/Dealers around the country. The scarcity of supply,

combined with public companies and the investment industry’s demand, has resulted in unsustainable

cost increases for small businesses. The indisputable fact is the PCAOB Interim Program has inflicted

harm on the small investment and accounting business communities, with empirical evidence relating to

customer protection sorely lacking.

The one-size-fits-all PCAOB audit requirement has inflicted substantial harm to small broker dealer

businesses with limited human and financial resources. These PCAOB audits cost multiples of what our

prior audits cost and take 3-5x the number of man-hours to complete, and we simply cannot continue to

sustain these burdens; these complex and expensive audits are contributing meaningfully to the current

trend of small firm demise. If we can correct this issue through legislation we will change the course for

many of these small firms, their employees, and their customers.

SUMMARY + REQUEST

In closing, there has been a dangerous contraction in the number of small business Broker/Dealers in

the investment industry over the past decade. Fewer small firms translates to fewer firm choices for our

retail customers, which then reduces their access to locally-sourced sound investment advice and

potentially the markets in general.

The small firm Broker/Dealer community represents over 90% of the firms in the brokerage industry and

almost three-quarters of our companies employ 20 or fewer people. The one-size-fits-all regulation and

oversight approach that holds a 3-person brokerage firm to the same standards as Merrill Lynch is

unreasonable, unfair, and not working.

Audit expenses are up sharply for small firms in all revenue classes since the 2014 implementation of the

Dodd-Frank requirement that all firms must hire a PCAOB-registered audit firm and adhere to public

company audit standards. Additionally, and just as importantly, time spent on audits by Broker/Dealer

staff has more than tripled with the full implementation of the PCAOB audit requirements. Small

businesses have limited resources, both human and financial, and the audit pricing and workload

associated with the PCAOB requirement are quite literally crushing small Broker/Dealers and driving us

out of business at an alarming rate.

We are your small business owner and operator constituents and we are asking for your help

with this bipartisan issue of helping small businesses. Please help our community of small

businesses in your state by supporting our efforts to get the Small Business Audit Correction

Act of 2018 sponsored/co-sponsored, brought to the floor of the House and Senate, and

passed. Passing this Act will provide significant and much needed relief for small businesses

and their retail customers in your home state and around the country. Thank you.

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U . S . S E C U R I T I E S A N D E X C H A N G E C O M M I S S I O N

2018 NATIONAL EXAM PROGRAM EXAMINATION PRIORITIES

Office of Compliance Inspections and Examinations

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DisclaimerThis document was prepared by SEC staff, and the views expressed herein are those of OCIE. The Commission has expressed no view on this document’s contents. It is not legal advice; it is not intended to, and does not, and may not be relied upon to create any rights, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law by any party in any matter civil or criminal.

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CONTENTS

Message from OCIE's Leadership Team ........................................................................................................................................1

Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................................................4

Retail Investors, Including Seniors and Those Saving for Retirement .........................................................................................4

Disclosure of the Costs of Investing ...................................................................................................................... 4

Electronic Investment Advice ............................................................................................................................... 5

Wrap Fee Programs ............................................................................................................................................. 5

Never-Before-Examined Investment Advisers ........................................................................................................ 5

Senior Investors and Retirement Accounts and Products ....................................................................................... 6

Mutual Funds and Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) ................................................................................................. 6

Municipal Advisors and Underwriters ................................................................................................................... 6

Fixed Income Order Execution .............................................................................................................................. 7

Cryptocurrency, Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs), Secondary Market Trading, and Blockchain ....................................... 7

Compliance and Risks in Critical Market Infrastructure ...............................................................................................................7

Clearing Agencies ................................................................................................................................................ 7

National Securities Exchanges .............................................................................................................................. 8

Transfer Agents ................................................................................................................................................... 8

Regulation Systems Compliance and Integrity (SCI) Entities ................................................................................... 8

Focus on FINRA and MSRB ............................................................................................................................................................9

FINRA ................................................................................................................................................................... 9

MSRB .................................................................................................................................................................. 9

Cybersecurity ..................................................................................................................................................................................9

Anti-Money Laundering Programs .............................................................................................................................................. 10

Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................................................... 10

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2018 NATIONAL EXAM PROGRAM EXAMINATION PRIORITIES | 1

MESSAGE FROM OCIE'S LEADERSHIP TEAMIt is our privilege to share with you the 2018 examination priorities of the Office of Compliance Inspections and Examinations (OCIE) of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC or Commission).

This year we will continue to prioritize our commitment to protect retail investors, including seniors and those saving for retirement. We will especially be looking closely at products and services offered to retail investors, as well as the disclosures they receive about those investments. We intend to do this by conducting examinations targeting circumstances in which retail investors may have been harmed and reviewing whether financial service professionals have met their legal obligations.

Compliance with the securities laws overseen by the SEC has helped make our markets the safest and most vibrant in the world. Our National Exam Program (NEP) fosters compliance and helps fulfill the SEC’s mission of protecting investors, maintaining fair, orderly and efficient markets, and facilitating capital formation. We do this through a variety of risk-focused strategies, includ-ing conducting compliance examinations of entities regulated by the SEC, publishing Risk Alerts, holding outreach events, and speaking to investors and market participants.

Our work stands on four “pillars”: promoting compliance, preventing fraud, identifying and monitoring risk, and informing policy. This is the sixth year we have published our examination priorities. It is our hope that this publication provides trans-parency into our thinking on issues and areas that we believe constitute an appropriate focus for us in the upcoming year and which entail the most effective use of examination resources in fulfilling our mission.

Determining our priorities is a collaborative effort. We consult with our examination staff, as well as key constituencies outside the program. OCIE examiners are in discussions daily with financial professionals, market participants, compliance professionals, accountants, and attorneys regarding new products, recent trends, compliance challenges, and high risk areas. In addition, examiners see firsthand how firms are, or are not, complying with the federal securities laws. As a result, examiners are uniquely positioned to identify the practices, products, and services that may pose significant risk to investors or the financial markets.

In formulating priorities, we also seek the advice of the Chairman and Commissioners, staff from other SEC Divisions and Offices, the SEC’s Investor Advocate, and our fellow regulators. Through-out the year we will add priorities—beyond those published here—as we identify emerging risks and trends and respond to tips, complaints, and referrals. Our regional offices also initiate exams based on their local assessment of risk and knowledge of their registrant population.

DID YOU KNOW?

Our work stands on four "pillars":

promoting compliance, preventing

fraud, identifying and monitoring risk,

and informing policy.

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2 | U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

In executing on these priorities, we abide by the following principles: Principle 1: We are risk-based. The sheer size and continued growth of the securities industry prevents us from conducting regular comprehensive examinations of each registered firm. In order to effectively oversee all of the varying market participants within our jurisdiction, and given our limited resources, we utilize a risk-based strategy. A central part of this effort is ongoing analysis of root causes of harm to investors and markets and the identification of the greatest risks. The analysis flows into a number of aspects of our program, including our process for setting priorities, the criteria we use to select potential examination candidates, and determining the appropriate scope of our exams, as well as resource allocation more generally. We recognize that the choices we make in this regard imply foregone attention on other areas and firms, but such hard decisions are necessary in order to maximize our impact.

Principle 2: We are data-driven. Our use of data is integral to the program and complements our risk-based exam approach and utilization of technology. We use data in areas such as risk assessment and exam scoping, planning, and execution. For example, we are rapidly advancing in our capacity to use data to analyze regulatory filings and trading activity. Among other things, this has included develop-ment by our Quantitative Analytics Unit (QAU) of the National Exam Analytics Tool (NEAT) to facilitate the analysis of trading blotters. The QAU is comprised of financial engineers who, in addition to developing tools, directly assist exam teams with quantitative analysis. Our sophistication in using data analytics to identify potential non-compliance with the securities laws, including possible fraudulent behavior, is ever growing. We also use data to better identify high-risk exam candidates and to more efficiently analyze information during examinations. We continuously look for ways to employ technology and data analytics to enhance our effective-ness in every aspect of the examination program.

Principle 3: We are transparent. Transparency is an important tool for us. We believe that publicly sharing certain information about our examination program—particularly our priorities, common findings, and what we believe to be the highest risk areas—will ultimately benefit investors by assisting the work of legal, compliance, and risk staff at registered entities as they work within their organizations to achieve compliance with the securities laws. To this end, we have been publishing more information about what we are doing, why we are doing it, and what we have found and learned in the process.

Risk Alerts, in particular, have become a valuable tool, and we have made a concerted effort to publish them more frequently. The ultimate goal of these Risk Alerts is to promote compliance. Recent topics in our Risk Alerts include the most frequently-cited deficien-cies from various examination initiatives, as well as observations

of industry practices and compliance issues from cybersecurity examinations. We believe sharing this information helps registered firms—particularly those that have not been examined recently—sharpen their identification and correction of deficient practices, maximizing the impact of the examination program and resulting in better protection for investors.

DID YOU KNOW?

The NEP published six Risk Alerts to

the industry in FY 2017.

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2018 NATIONAL EXAM PROGRAM EXAMINATION PRIORITIES | 3

Principle 4: We strive to put our resources to their highest and best use.We rely heavily on our talented and experienced staff, many of whom are subject matter experts in key risk areas. We also increasingly leverage technology and data in our risk assessment and exami-nation processes. Resources, however, are limited. We continually assess our resource deployment and ask: Are we using our resources in way that maximizes the benefit to investors? The decisions we make come with tradeoffs, but top of mind is always effectively advancing investor protection and fulfilling the SEC’s mission.

Principle 5: We embrace innovation and new technology, both as a means to do more with less and as a necessary focal point of our analytic efforts. We recognize that technology in the financial markets often spurs innovation in ways that are beneficial to investors. It has the potential, for example, to help drive down costs to investors and provide new ways for people to access our financial markets, investment information, and financial advice. Where technological advances lead to new business models, we seek to assess their potential impact on the financial markets, identify ways investors may be harmed, if any, and work with our colleagues to share critical observations that may assist the Commission in adapting to emerging risks and concerns. We also seek to keep pace with advancing technology, to monitor for cybersecurity risks, to engage with industry in efforts to help combat cybersecurity attacks, and to prevent investor harm.

We hope you find publication of our examination priorities valuable in your efforts to promote compliance and protect investors. Please know also that we are always interested in hearing more about new and emerging risk areas and products as well as how OCIE can be more effective in its mission. Our contact information can be found at: https://www.sec.gov/contact-information/sec-directory.

Peter B. Driscoll Director

Daniel S. KahlChief Counsel

Jane E. Jarcho Deputy Director and Co-National Investment Adviser/Investment Company Director

John S. PoliseNational Broker Dealer and Exchange Director

Keith E. CassidyNational Technology Controls Program Director

James R. Reese Acting Chief Risk Officer

Kevin W. Goodman National FINRA and Securities Industry Oversight Director

Kristin A. Snyder Co-National Investment Adviser/Investment Company Director

Daniel R. Gregus Acting Clearing Agency Director

DID YOU KNOW?

In Fiscal Year 2017, the National

Exam Program completed over

2,870 examinations—representing

an 18 percent increase over FY 2016.

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4 | U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

INTRODUCTIONThis document presents OCIE’s 2018 examination priorities.1 In general, the priorities reflect certain practices, products, and services that OCIE believes may present potentially heightened risk to investors and/or the integrity of the U.S. capital markets. Our 2018 priorities are organized around five themes:

1. Matters of importance to retail investors, including seniors and those saving for retirement; 2. Compliance and risks in critical market infrastructure; 3. Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) and Municipal Securities Rulemaking

Board (MSRB); 4. Cybersecurity; and 5. Anti-Money laundering programs.

While we believe these areas are critical, this list is not compre-hensive; OCIE remains flexible in order to cover emerging and exigent risks to investors and the marketplace as they arise. Rapid institutional and technological change in the market landscape demands a responsive approach. While the change is fast and perhaps accelerating, we keep both our analytic efforts and our examinations firmly grounded in our four pillars: promoting compliance, preventing fraud, identifying and monitoring risk, and informing policy.

DID YOU KNOW?

In FY 2017, the NEP held four regional

investment adviser/investment company

compliance outreach programs, a national

broker-dealer compliance outreach

program and participated in hundreds of

other outreach events in order to promote

and improve industry compliance.

RETAIL INVESTORS, INCLUDING SENIORS AND THOSE SAVING FOR RETIREMENTThe protection of retail investors is embedded in the SEC’s mission and likewise in OCIE’s organi-zational culture. This year, we will continue to prioritize protecting retail investors, particularly seniors and those saving for retirement, and pursue examinations of firms that provide products and services directly to them. We will also focus on higher risk products as well as recent technological changes in how investment advice is delivered. We will particularly focus on the following areas:

Disclosure of the Costs of InvestingWhen a retail investor hires a financial professional, some of the most important information they receive relates to the fees charged and other compensation the financial professional may receive, such as compensation from transactions involving affiliates of the financial professional. Every dollar an investor pays in fees and expenses is a dollar not invested for his or her benefit. Therefore, the proper disclosure and calculation of fees, expenses, and other charges investors pay is critically important. It is also important for financial professionals to inform investors of any

1 This document was prepared by SEC staff, and the views expressed herein are those of OCIE. The Commis-sion has expressed no view on this document’s contents. It is not legal advice; it is not intended to, and does not, and may not be relied upon to create any rights, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law by any party in any matter civil or criminal.

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2018 NATIONAL EXAM PROGRAM EXAMINATION PRIORITIES | 5

conflicts of interest that might provide incentives for the financial professionals to recommend certain types of products or services to investors, including any higher cost or riskier products. Examiners will review, among other things, whether fees and expenses are calculated and charged in accordance with the disclosures provided to investors. Examiners will also review fees charged to advisory accounts, particularly where the fee is dependent on the value of the account, to assess whether assets are valued in accordance with investor agreements, disclosures, and the firm’s policies and procedures.

We will also focus on firms that have practices or business models that may create increased risks that investors will pay inadequately disclosed fees, expenses, or other charges. These practices or business models include:

• certain advisory personnel that may receive financial incentives to recommend that investors invest, or remain invested, in particular share classes of mutual funds where the investors may pay higher sales loads or distribution fees and the conflict of interest may not be disclosed to investors;

• accounts where investment advisory representatives have departed from the firms, and the accounts have not been assigned a new representative to properly oversee them;

• advisers that changed the manner in which fees are charged from a commission on executed trades to a percentage of client assets under management; and

• private fund advisers that manage funds with a high concentration of investors investing for the benefit of retail clients, including non-profit organizations and pension plans.

Electronic Investment Advice We will continue to examine investment advisers and broker-dealers that offer investment advice through automated or digital platforms. This includes “robo-advisers” and other firms that inter-act primarily with clients online. Examinations will focus on registrants’ compliance programs, including the oversight of computer program algorithms that generate recommendations, market-ing materials, investor data protection, and disclosure of conflicts of interest.

Wrap Fee Programs We will continue to examine registered investment advisers and broker-dealers associated with wrap fee programs, which charge investors a single bundled (wrapped) fee based on a percentage of assets for investment advisory and brokerage services. We will review whether investment advis-ers are acting in a manner consistent with their fiduciary duty and whether they are meeting their contractual obligations to clients. Areas of interest will include whether (i) the recommendations to invest in a wrap fee program and to continue in the program are reasonable, (ii) conflicts of interests are disclosed in compliance with applicable regulatory requirements, and (iii) investment advisers are obtaining best execution and disclosing costs associated with executing trades through another broker-dealer.

Never-Before-Examined Investment Advisers Given the percentage of investment advisers that are either newly registered or that have not been examined in some time, we will continue to make risk-based assessments and select those invest-ment advisers for examination that have elevated risk profiles.

DID YOU KNOW?

In FY 2017, the SEC achieved

examination coverage of approximately

15 percent of all investment advisers,

up from 8 percent just five years ago.

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6 | U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Senior Investors and Retirement Accounts and ProductsSeniors and those saving for retirement are increasingly reliant on returns from their investments. We will review how broker-dealers oversee their interactions with senior investors, including the ability of firms to identify financial exploitation of seniors. We will also focus on internal controls at firms designed to supervise their representatives, particularly relating to sales of products and services directed at senior investors.

We will continue to conduct examinations of investment advisers and broker-dealers that offer services and products to investors with retirement accounts. These examinations will focus on, among other things, investment recommendations, sales of variable insur-ance products, and sales and management of target date funds. In addition, we will examine investment adviser and broker-dealer facilitation and involvement in retirement vehicles that primarily serve state and local government employees and non-profit employees, including 403(b) and 457 plans.

Mutual Funds and Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs)Mutual funds and ETFs are the primary investment vehicles for many retail investors. We will focus on mutual funds (i) that have experienced poor performance or liquidity in terms of their subscriptions and redemptions relative to their peer groups, (ii) that are managed by advisers with little experience managing registered investment companies, or (iii) that hold securities which are potentially difficult to value during times of market stress, including securitized auto, student, or consumer loans, or collateralized mortgage-backed securities. We will also focus on ETFs and mutual funds that seek to track custom-built indexes to review for any conflicts the adviser may have with the index provider and the adviser’s role with respect to the selection and weighting of index components.

With respect to ETFs, our focus will be on funds that have little secondary market trading volume and that face the risk of being delisted from an exchange and having to liquidate assets. When this happens, the value of the ETF has the potential to rapidly decline and investors may pay the cost to liquidate the funds’ assets. The focus of these examinations will include analyzing whether invest-ment risks are adequately disclosed to investors.

Municipal Advisors and Underwriters Municipal advisors provide advice to, or on behalf of, a municipal entity or obligated person about the issuance of bonds and other financial products. We will continue to examine municipal advisors to evaluate their compliance with registration, recordkeeping, and supervision require-ments, particularly those municipal advisors that are not registered as broker-dealers. Examina-tions will also review for compliance with MSRB rules regarding professional qualification requirements, continuing education requirements, and core standards of conduct and duties of municipal advisors when engaging in municipal advisory activities.

DID YOU KNOW?

The NEP completed more than

2,100 exams of investment advisers

in FY 2017, which is an increase of

approximately 46 percent over

FY 2016.

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2018 NATIONAL EXAM PROGRAM EXAMINATION PRIORITIES | 7

State and local governments and other municipal entities often rely on broker-dealer and municipal advisors, among other financial professionals, to raise money for essential infrastructure such as hospitals, schools, and utilities through the issuance of fixed income securities. We will continue to examine municipal underwriters for their compliance with MSRB and SEC rules.

Fixed Income Order Execution One of the key investor protection requirements in the fixed income secondary market is the best execution of customer orders. We will conduct examinations to assess whether broker-dealers have implemented best execution policies and procedures, consistent with regulatory requirements, for both municipal bond and corporate bond transactions.

Cryptocurrency, Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs), Secondary Market Trading, and BlockchainThe cryptocurrency and ICO markets have grown rapidly and present a number of risks for retail investors. Along with the growth of these products and markets, the number of broker-dealers and investment advisers engaged in this space continues to grow as well. We will continue to monitor the sale of these products, and where the products are securities, examine for regulatory compli-ance. Areas of focus will include, among other things, whether financial professionals maintain adequate controls and safeguards to protect these assets from theft or misappropriation, and whether financial professionals are providing investors with disclosure about the risks associated with these investments, including the risk of investment losses, liquidity risks, price volatility, and potential fraud.

COMPLIANCE AND RISKS IN CRITICAL MARKET INFRASTRUCTUREClearing Agencies Clearing agencies perform a variety of services that help ensure that trades settle on time and at the agreed upon terms. For example, clearing agencies compare transaction information, calculate settlement obligations, collect margin, and may serve as a depository to hold securities as certificates or in electronic form to facilitate automated settlement. We will continue to conduct annual examinations of clearing agencies that the Financial Stability Oversight Council has designated as systemi-cally important and for which the Commission is the supervisory agency. Examinations will focus on compliance with the Commission’s Standards for Covered Clearing Agencies,2 whether clearing agencies have taken timely corrective action in response to prior examinations, and other areas identified in collaboration with our colleagues in the Division of Trading and Markets and with other regulators, as applicable.

2 See Standards for Covered Clearing Agencies, Release No. 34-78961 (adopted Sept. 28, 2016), https://www.sec.gov/rules/final/2016/34-78961.pdf (compliance date April 11, 2017).

DID YOU KNOW?

Clearing agencies perform a variety

of services that help ensure that

trades settle on time and at the

agreed upon terms.

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8 | U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

National Securities Exchanges With over 20 national securities exchanges facilitating transactions in the marketplace, OCIE will focus on, among other things, the internal audits conducted by the exchanges, the fees paid under Exchange Act Section 31, and the governance and operation of certain National Market System (NMS) plans. Specific to NMS plans, OCIE, in coordination with our colleagues in the Division of Trading and Markets, will conduct examinations of the equities and options consolidated market data plans, with a focus on governance, revenue and expense generation, and revenue and expense allocation procedures.

Transfer Agents Transfer agents stand between the companies that issue securities and the individuals and entities that own those securities and perform four main functions: (i) track, record, and maintain an issuer's security holder records, (ii) cancel and issue certificates, (iii) facilitate communications between issuers and security holders, and (iv) make distributions to security holders. Efficient transfer agent operations are critical to secondary securities markets. Our examinations will focus on transfers, recordkeeping, and the safeguarding of funds and securities. Examination candidates will include transfer agents that serve as paying agents or that service microcap or crowdfunding issuers.

Regulation Systems Compliance and Integrity (SCI) EntitiesRegulation SCI was adopted by the Commission to strengthen the technology infrastructure of the U.S. securities markets.3 Among other things, it requires SCI entities, which include, national securities exchanges, clearing agencies, and certain alternative trading systems, to establish, maintain, and enforce policies and procedures for their systems’ capacity, integrity, resiliency, availability, and security. If certain SCI events occur, these entities are required to take corrective action as soon as reasonably practical and immediately notify the SEC of the occurrence. We will continue to examine SCI entities to evaluate whether they have effectively implemented such written policies and procedures. OCIE will also review, among other things, controls relating to how systems record the time of transactions or events and how they synchronize with other systems. Examinations will also assess entities’ readiness and business continuity plan effectiveness, vendor risk management, particularly in cloud environments, and enterprise risk management, including whether these programs cover appropriate business units, subsidiaries, and related interconnected infrastructure.

3 See Regulation Systems Compliance and Integrity, Release No. 34-37639, (November 19, 2014), http://www.sec.gov/rules/final/2014/34-73639.pdf.

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2018 NATIONAL EXAM PROGRAM EXAMINATION PRIORITIES | 9

FOCUS ON FINRA AND MSRBFINRAFINRA is a registered national securities association and a primary regulator of the vast majority of SEC-registered broker-dealers. As an SRO, FINRA adopts and enforces rules governing the conduct of its members. FINRA oversees approximately 3,700 brokerage firms, 156,000 branch offices, and 630,000 registered representatives through examinations, enforcement, and surveil-lance. In addition, FINRA, among other things, provides a forum for securities arbitration and mediation, conducts market regulation by contract for numerous exchanges, reviews broker-dealer advertisements, administers the testing and licensing of registered persons, and operates industry utilities such as Trade Reporting Facilities. Our examinations of FINRA will focus on FINRA’s operations and regulatory programs and the quality of FINRA’s examinations of broker-dealers and municipal advisors that are also registered as broker-dealers.

MSRB MSRB regulates the activities of broker-dealers that buy, sell, and underwrite municipal securities. MSRB also regulates municipal advisors. MSRB establishes rules for municipal securities dealers and municipal advisors, supports market transparency by making municipal securities trade data and disclosure documents available, and conducts education and outreach regarding the municipal securities market. Given the responsibility of the MSRB to regulate municipal securities firms, examination staff will examine the MSRB to evaluate the effectiveness of select operational and internal policies, procedures, and controls.

DID YOU KNOW?

FINRA oversees approximately

3,700 brokerage firms, 156,000 branch

offices, and 630,000 registered

representatives through examinations,

enforcement, and surveillance.

CYBERSECURITYCybersecurity protection is critical to the operation of our markets. The scope and severity of risks that cyber threats present have increased dramatically. The impact of a successful cyber attack may have consequences that extend beyond the firm compromised to other market participants and retail investors, who may not be well informed of these risks and consequences. We are focused on working with firms to identify and manage cybersecurity risks and to encourage market participants to actively and effectively engage in this effort.

We will continue to prioritize cybersecurity in each of our examination programs. Our examinations have and will continue to focus on, among other things, governance and risk assessment, access rights and controls, data loss prevention, vendor management, training, and incident response.

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10 | U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING PROGRAMSCertain financial institutions are required by regulations adopted under the Bank Secrecy Act to establish anti-money laundering programs. These “AML program” rules require institutions (including the securities firms we regulate such as broker-dealers and investment companies) to, among other things, establish written programs to identify their customers, perform customer due diligence, and monitor accounts for suspicious activity. Where suspicious activity is noted, institutions have an obligation to file Suspicious Activity Reports (SARs) with the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. These SARs have been used by the SEC and various law enforcement agencies to detect and combat terrorist financing, organized crime, public corruption, and a variety of other fraudulent behavior. As a result, ensuring financial institutions meet their AML program obligations is an important and critical task for financial regulators.

In 2018, we will continue to focus a portion of our resources on examining whether the entities we regulate are appropri-ately adapting their AML programs to address their obliga-tions. Our reviews will cover, for example, the customer due diligence requirement and will look to determine whether these entities are taking reasonable steps to understand the nature and purpose of customer relationships and to properly address risks. We will also assess whether these entities are

filing timely, complete, and accurate SARs. Last, we will take steps to evaluate whether these entities are conducting robust and timely independent tests of their AML programs.

DID YOU KNOW?

Certain financial institutions are

required by regulations adopted under

the Bank Secrecy Act to establish

anti-money laundering programs.

CONCLUSIONThis description of OCIE priorities is not exhaustive. While we expect to allocate significant resources throughout 2018 to the examination issues described herein, our staff will also conduct examinations focused on risks, issues, and policy matters that arise from market and regulatory developments, new information learned from examinations, or other sources, including tips, complaints, and referrals, and coordination with other regulators. OCIE welcomes comments and suggestions regarding how we can better fulfill our mission to promote compliance, prevent fraud, identify and monitor risk, and inform SEC policy. If you suspect or observe activity that may violate the federal securities laws or otherwise operates to harm investors, please notify SEC Staff at https://www.sec.gov/tcr.

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U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission100 F Street NEWashington, DC 20549www.sec.gov

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Report on FINRA Examination Findings | December 20171

CONTENTS

Highlighted Observations 2

Cybersecurity 2

OutsideBusinessActivitiesandPrivateSecuritiesTransactions 4

Anti-MoneyLaunderingComplianceProgram 5

ProductSuitability 6

BestExecution 8

MarketAccessControls 9

Summary of Additional Observations 11

AlternativeInvestmentsHeldinIndividualRetirementAccounts(IRAs) 11

NetCapitalandCreditRiskAssessments 11

OrderCapacity 12

RegulationSHO 13

TRACEReporting 13

DECEMBER 2017

FINRA’s examination program plays a central role in supporting FINRA’s mission of investor protection and market integrity. A main component of this program is FINRA’s examinations of broker-dealers (“firms” or “members”) that are conducted on a regular cycle basis: each firm is examined at least once every four years, and many are examined even more frequently. In connection with each of these examinations, FINRA prepares a report—which is available only to the relevant firm—addressing certain aspects of the firm’s compliance with securities rules and regulations. Firms are required to address issues identified by FINRA, and many do so by proactively taking corrective action before FINRA concludes its exam. Through this sort of rapid remediation, firms strengthen their compliance and supervisory programs, which ultimately helps better protect investors and the integrity of the markets.

FINRA is issuing this report as another resource that firms can use to strengthen their compliance with securities rules and regulations. Some firms have requested that FINRA make generally available a summary of observations from the cycle examination program, so that they can further improve their compliance functions based on the experiences of other firms, and better anticipate and address potential areas of concern well before their own cycle examinations.

This report focuses on selected observations from recent examinations that FINRA considers worth highlighting due to their potential impact on investors and markets or the frequency with which they occur. This report does not represent a complete inventory of observations about the industry as a whole, does not imply that any issues discussed exist at any particular firms, and should not be read as creating new legal or regulatory requirements or new interpretations of existing requirements. An individual firm may not have any deficiencies in the risk areas identified in the report.

This report also describes certain practices that FINRA has observed to be effective in appropriate circumstances, which other firms may be able to use as a resource in tailoring their compliance and supervisory programs to their business. There should be no inference, however, that FINRA requires firms to implement any specific practices described in this report that extend beyond the requirements of existing securities rules and regulations.

AREPORTFROMTHE FINANCIAL INDUSTRY REGULATORY AUTHORITY

Report on FINRA Examination Findings

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Report on FINRA Examination Findings | December 20172

FINRA expects that this report will evolve over time as we work to ensure that it is helpful in supporting firms’ compliance and supervisory efforts. FINRA welcomes feedback on how we could make future reports on examination findings more useful. If you have suggestions, please contact Daniel M. Sibears, Executive Vice President, Regulatory Operations/Shared Services, at (202) 728-6911; or Steven Polansky, Senior Director, Regulatory Operations/Shared Services, at (202) 728-8331.

Highlighted Observations

Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity is one of the principal operational risks facing broker-dealers. Recent revelations regarding successful attacks at a number of different entities underscore the need for firms to be vigilant in addressing cybersecurity threats. FINRA has focused on sharing information to help firms better protect their customers and themselves, including through recommendations offered in connection with an examination.1 The primary federal securities law provision governing a firm’s cybersecurity program is SEC Rule 30 of Regulation S-P, which requires firms to have written policies and procedures addressing the safeguarding of customer information and records.

FINRA has seen a significant increase in firms’ attention to cybersecurity challenges over the past two years, including at the executive management level. Awareness about cybersecurity risk has increased substantially. Most firms we examined have established, or were establishing, risk management practices, although the quality of those practices varied substantially both within and across firms. In some cases, firms adopted and executed, on an ongoing basis, formal risk management practices that executive management approved and applied on a consistent, firmwide basis. And some of the firms we regulate are leaders in developing and adopting cutting-edge cybersecurity practices.

Firms with effective cybersecurity programs typically established strong governance structures and processes (scaled to the firm) that addressed cybersecurity in a risk management context. Firms escalated risk acceptance decisions and problems to the appropriate levels for resolution, as well as to inform future program development. Measures firms implemented included regular risk assessments with detailed, time-bound follow-up action plans to resolve higher-risk concerns. Firms supported these assessments with regular vulnerability and penetration tests. Firms also required employees to participate in regular, role-specific and generic cybersecurity training and testing, for example, through phishing email exercises. Firms with branch offices developed and implemented robust branch cybersecurity reviews as part of their branch examination programs. As appropriate to their scale, some firms implemented security information and event management, system usage behavior analytics and data loss prevention tools to identify, monitor, and address potentially anomalous or suspicious activity on their networks.

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Report on FINRA Examination Findings | December 20173

Selected Examination FindingsAs the nature and sophistication of cybersecurity threats continue to evolve, even robust cybersecurity programs can be compromised when, for example, an employee opens an email attachment that contains malware. Common threats FINRA observed in 2016 and 2017 include phishing and spearphishing attacks,2 ransomware attacks and fraudulent third-party wires that frequently involve use of email or stolen customer or financial advisor credentials.

FINRA observed a variety of areas where some firms could improve their cybersecurity programs against these and other threats.3 These areas include:

00 Access Management – Some firms FINRA examined did not address basic access management issues such as terminating departing employees’ access to firm systems on a timely basis. In the case of privileged systems users, some firms did not implement procedures to log, monitor and supervise their activities to detect anomalies such as a privileged user assigning herself or himself extra access rights, performing unauthorized work during off-hours or logging in from different geographic locations concurrently.4

00 Risk Assessments – Some firms did not have formal processes to conduct ongoing risk assessments of their data, systems and applications, and could not effectively identify their critical assets and the potential risks to those assets.

00 Vendor Management – Some firms did not have formal processes to review a prospective vendor’s cybersecurity preparedness or to ensure new vendors have appropriate protections in place. For example, some firms’ contracts with vendors did not address key questions such as the vendor’s responsibilities regarding notification to the firm in the event of a breach of customer or firm data. In cases where firms contracted with a parent organization for cybersecurity services, the parent’s cybersecurity responsibilities were not sufficiently documented, such as in a service-level agreement.

00 Branch Offices – FINRA found that firms’ branch offices typically faced greater challenges in managing passwords, implementing patches and software updates, updating anti-virus software, controlling removable storage devices, encrypting data and reporting incidents.

00 Segregation of Duties – FINRA observed some medium- and small-sized firms that did not segregate the responsibilities for requesting, implementing, and approving cybersecurity rules and systems changes. For example, some firms allowed application developers to access sensitive data in production systems and in some cases implement application code into production without appropriate oversight. In other cases, network engineers performed cybersecurity and information security functions without formal management oversight.

00 Data Loss Prevention – FINRA observed that while larger- and medium-sized firms had implemented data loss prevention tools, there were opportunities to strengthen those implementations, including broadening rules that prevent transmission of Social Security numbers to include additional sensitive data such as customer account numbers; establishing thresholds to flag or block large file transfers to outside and untrusted recipients; and implementing formal change-management processes for data loss prevention system rule changes.

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Report on FINRA Examination Findings | December 20174

Outside Business Activities and Private Securities Transactions

FINRA Rules 3270 and 3280 require registered representatives to notify their firms of proposed outside business activities (OBAs), and all associated persons to notify their firms of proposed private securities transactions (PSTs), so firms can determine whether to limit or allow those activities to proceed. Certain OBAs and PSTs could potentially involve misconduct or create conflicts of interest that may expose both firms and customers to potential risks. The notifications required in the rules assist firms in identifying and determining how to mitigate those risks, including by placing conditions on, or prohibiting, participation in the proposed OBA or PST.5

Firms that had effective programs to manage OBAs and PSTs typically implemented proactive compliance efforts, particularly at the branch level. Firms used frequent training to make registered or associated persons aware of their responsibilities with respect to OBAs and PSTs, including the requirements to provide a firm prior written notice of a proposed activity. Firms also required these individuals to complete open-ended questionnaires and attestations regarding their involvement—or potential involvement—in OBAs and PSTs on a regular basis. Firms implemented various tools to identify individuals involved in undeclared OBAs and PSTs, including monitoring correspondence, fund movements, marketing materials, employee online activities and customer complaints. This also included monitoring for evidence of involvement in OBAs or PSTs the firm had prohibited.

Selected Examination FindingsFINRA observed instances in all sizes of retail brokerage firms in which registered persons, other associated persons or firms failed to meet one or more of their obligations under the rules. These instances include problems related to:

00 Notice – FINRA observed that some individuals failed to notify their firms of proposed OBAs or PSTs, including situations where a new hire or current registered or associated person failed to notify their prospective or current firm in writing of an existing OBA or PST. In some cases, individuals did not understand what constitutes an OBA or PST, or did not satisfy important provisions of the rules (e.g., the requirement for written rather than verbal notice). In other cases, individuals failed to provide the information with sufficient detail for a firm to make an adequate determination as to whether to allow a proposed OBA or PST to proceed.

00 OBA and PST Notice Reviews – FINRA observed weaknesses in some firms’ OBA and PST reviews. In some instances, firms either did not have written supervisory procedures for such reviews or the procedures were inadequate. FINRA also observed instances where firms had well-designed procedures, but executed them poorly, either through a lack of supporting documentation or a failure to execute their reviews with sufficient depth. In particular, some firms construed “compensation” too narrowly, erroneously determined that an activity was not a PST, or approved participation in a proposed transaction without adequately considering whether they could supervise the transaction as if it were executed on their own behalf.

00 Post-PST Approval – FINRA observed several problems once firms decided to approve PSTs for compensation. Some firms did not fully understand the activity and, as a result, failed to supervise it effectively. Other firms did not retain the documentation necessary to demonstrate their compliance with the supervisory obligations. In addition, firms sometimes had difficulty recording the transactions on their books and records because PSTs can take many forms and the uniqueness of their structures may not fit easily into firm electronic systems that are designed with fields tailored to a firm’s existing business.6 Some firms failed to monitor limitations placed on the PST, such as a prohibition on a registered representative soliciting firm clients to participate in the PST.

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Report on FINRA Examination Findings | December 20175

Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Program

Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, Congress passed the USA PATRIOT Act, in part, to strengthen the anti-money laundering (AML) and counter-terrorist financing provisions of the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) and extend them to broker-dealers. Among other provisions, the BSA requires firms to monitor for, detect and report suspicious activity to the U.S. Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN).

FINRA Rule 3310 requires that members develop and implement a written AML program reasonably designed to comply with the requirements of the BSA, and the implementing regulations promulgated thereunder by the Department of the Treasury.7

FINRA observed that firms with effective AML programs actively tailor their risk-based AML program to the firm’s business model and associated AML risks as opposed to simply implementing a more “generic” program. They also conducted independent testing that included sampling customer accounts in order to test whether the firm was collecting and verifying customer identification information on all individuals and entities that would be considered customers under the BSA, as well as trading and money movement activity to test whether the firm was performing adequate monitoring for and investigations of potentially suspicious activity. In addition, they designed training programs that were specific to the roles and responsibilities of the participating employees and captured current and evolving aspects of the AML landscape.

Selected Examination FindingsFINRA observed instances where firms failed to establish and implement an AML program reasonably designed to detect, and cause the reporting of, suspicious activity.

00 Maintaining Adequate Policies and Procedures for Suspicious Activity – Some firms failed to establish and implement risk-based policies and procedures to detect and report suspicious transactions. FINRA identified these deficiencies where, for example, a firm’s business growth far outpaced the growth of its AML programs, a portion of a firm’s business involved a high-risk product (such as microcap securities or dual currency bonds), or a firm’s business evolved over time and AML policies and procedures were not updated and adequately tailored to the firm’s current risks, including with respect to how potentially suspicious activity would be monitored and documented.

00 Responsibility for AML Monitoring – While firms are permitted to delegate aspects of their suspicious activity monitoring program to non-AML staff (e.g., to business line staff responsible for trade surveillance), in some cases where this was done, FINRA observed that problems sometimes arose with the appropriate and adequate escalation of potentially suspicious activity. Those problems typically occurred when the AML and surveillance staff did not share a common understanding of the types of activities that merited escalation or when staff did not escalate such activities appropriately. In some cases, the problems occurred because firms did not: (1) clearly define the activities that were being delegated; (2) articulate those delegations and related surveillance responsibilities in their written supervisory procedures; or (3) adequately train non-AML staff on AML surveillance policies and procedures.

00 Exclusions From Data Feeds Used for AML Monitoring – FINRA also observed instances where firms’ monitoring systems were deficient due to gaps in the data feeding those systems that were created, for example, by the use of “suspense accounts” to process foreign currency money movement and conversion. The use of suspense and other operational accounts sometimes obscured the source of funds to firms’ surveillance systems, resulting in weaker monitoring of high-risk transactions. FINRA also observed instances where firms made decisions to exclude certain types of customer accounts from monitoring programs, but failed to document or, if circumstances changed, revisit the risk-based rationale for the decision, again resulting in unidentified suspicious activity.

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Report on FINRA Examination Findings | December 20176

00 Resources for AML Monitoring – FINRA also identified deficiencies due to policies and procedures not being implemented as a result of firms not providing adequate resources to AML departments to carry out the responsibilities of the AML program. This result was more common when a firm experienced significant growth but did not grow the firm’s AML program commensurately. The lack of resources can lead to deficient monitoring or inadequate investigations of potentially suspicious activity.

00 Independent Testing of AML Monitoring – FINRA also observed that some firms did not ensure the independent testing required under FINRA Rule 3310(c) included a review of how the firm’s AML program was implemented. Other weaknesses included firms not ensuring the independence of the test, or not completing tests on an annual calendar year basis where the firm’s business warranted that regular testing.

Product Suitability

FINRA Rule 2111 states that a “member or an associated person must have a reasonable basis to believe that a recommended transaction or investment strategy involving a security or securities is suitable for the customer, based on the information obtained through the reasonable diligence of the member or associated person to ascertain the customer’s investment profile.” In addition, FINRA Rule 3110 obligates firms to establish and maintain a system to supervise the activities of associated persons that is reasonably designed to achieve compliance with applicable securities laws and regulations and FINRA rules.

The concerns that FINRA had during the course of examinations with regard to the suitability of certain products and their supervision did not vary materially by firm size, but did occur more frequently in connection with certain product classes, specifically unit investment trusts (UITs) and certain multi-share class and complex products, such as leveraged and inverse exchange-traded funds (ETFs). FINRA observed firms that implemented a variety of effective practices in recommending the purchase or sale of these products, which included thoroughly training registered representatives on products’ performance and risk characteristics, as well as establishing criteria to consider in determining whether a product was suitable for a specific customer; communicating product risks to customers in a way those customers could understand; and tailoring supervisory systems to products’ features and sources of risk to customers. For example, with respect to UITs, FINRA observed firms that alerted customers to the consequences of selling and reinvesting in a new UIT prior to the initial UIT’s maturity using negative or positive consent letters. Some firms implemented surveillance patterns to identify early UIT rollovers under a variety of scenarios. In addition, some firms required registered representatives to enter a rationale into firm systems for each short-term UIT transaction and coupled the entry with documented supervisory review.

Selected Examination Findings00 UITs

UITs are generally structured portfolios with maturities aligned to meet the objective of the strategy. Typically, the vast majority of UITs purchased are not traded or redeemed significantly in advance of maturity without a customer-specific need for liquidation or specific changes in the economic environment. Given that registered representatives earn most of the fees associated with UITs at or shortly following the initial offering period, there is a risk that they may recommend early rollovers or exchanges to increase their sales credits.

FINRA identified instances in which customers were advised to roll their UIT investments over early, and firms did not have appropriate supervisory mechanisms in place to identify and review the suitability of the recommendation.8 This practice causes investors to incur additional sales charges, including both creation and development fees and deferred sales charges.

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Report on FINRA Examination Findings | December 20177

Some firms FINRA reviewed failed to adequately identify short-term UIT trading activity as an area of potential abuse by registered representatives, and did not implement adequate internal controls to identify potentially problematic UIT trading activity. For example, some firms’ systems and processes looked at individual short-term UIT trades in isolation, but did not have processes to capture patterns of short-term UIT trades across customer accounts, registered representatives, branch office location, or to look for patterns of series-to-series UIT trading, excessive early liquidations followed by subsequent purchases, or cross-product trading partially involving UITs.

FINRA observed that the quality of a firm’s supervision for potentially problematic short-term trading of UITs was often correlated with the degree of specificity in a firm’s definition of such trading. Some firms defined a UIT short-term trade to include multiple scenarios (e.g., rollovers, early rollovers, exchanges, series-to-series transactions prior to an approaching maturity). By contrast, other firms had more limited definitions (e.g., excluding early rollovers). This more limited definition reduced the efficacy of the firm’s supervision and surveillance.

00 Multi-Share Class and Complex Products

FINRA found that some firms failed to meet their suitability obligations with respect to individual customers when recommending multi-share class or complex products. For example, FINRA observed situations where firms: (1) recommended a higher-fee share class without a reasonable basis to believe that the recommendation was suitable; or (2) recommended a complex product without a reasonable basis to believe the product was suitable in light of the customer’s risk tolerance and investment time horizon. In some instances, firms also failed to seek to obtain key pieces of investor profile information, without providing a reasonable basis for failing to do so.

In addition, FINRA observed that some firms failed to establish and implement adequate supervisory systems and written supervisory procedures with regard to multi-share class and complex products. At one firm, for example, FINRA observed that in a sample of short-term surrender variable annuity transactions, over 50 percent of customers had a long-term investment time horizon. Despite this appearance of a conflict with the recommendation to purchase the short-term surrender annuity, FINRA found no evidence in most of the transactions that the firm had performed a supervisory review addressing these concerns. At other firms, FINRA found that the suitability of recommendations for the purchase of leveraged or inverse ETFs had not been subject to adequate supervisory reviews.9

00 Training

Some firms failed to provide adequate training for registered representatives with respect to suitability issues, particularly regarding the products described above. Consequently, they were neither sufficiently knowledgeable to make customer-specific suitability determinations nor to advise customers effectively on the risks those products entailed. In the case of UITs, for example, firms that relied on written supervisory procedures and compliance bulletins to inform their registered representatives and principals about UITs encountered more sales practice problems than firms that implemented UIT-focused training for registered representatives.

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Report on FINRA Examination Findings | December 20178

Best Execution

Best execution is a significant investor protection requirement that essentially obligates a broker-dealer to exercise reasonable care to execute a customer’s order in a way to obtain the most advantageous terms for the customer. As the circumstances of each order and trading environment vary, so does the determination of what is best execution. Broker-dealers must be cognizant of the duty of best execution they owe customers when they receive, handle, route or execute customer orders in equities, options and debt securities. If a broker-dealer receives an order-routing inducement, such as payment for order flow, or trades as principal with customer orders, it must not let those factors interfere with its duty of best execution nor take them into account in analyzing market quality.

Generally, FINRA Rule 5310 requires that in any transaction for or with a customer or a customer of another broker-dealer, a member and persons associated with a member, shall use reasonable diligence to ascertain the best market for the subject security, and buy or sell in such market so that the resultant price to the customer is as favorable as possible under prevailing market conditions.

In lieu of an order-by-order review, the rule permits firms that route customer orders to other broker-dealers for execution on an automated, non-discretionary basis, as well as firms that internalize customer order flow, to conduct a periodic (at least quarterly) regular and rigorous review of execution quality likely to be obtained from different market centers.10

FINRA observed firms that established, maintained, and enforced policy and supervisory procedures regarding regular and rigorous reviews for execution quality, including a description of the reviews performed and how the conduct and results of the reviews should be documented. Those firms documented their conduct of such reviews, the data and other information considered, order routing decisions and the rationale used. This is important not only to allow firms to make appropriate routing decisions, but also so that a regulator will understand what information was considered and why.

Selected Examination FindingsFINRA had concerns regarding the duty of best execution at firms of all sizes that receive, handle, route or execute customer orders in equities, options and fixed income securities.11 FINRA found that some firms failed to implement and conduct an adequate regular and rigorous review of the quality of the executions of their customers’ orders. These deficiencies included:

00 failing to compare the quality of the executions firms obtained via their order routing and execution arrangements (including the internalization of order flow) against the quality of the executions they could have obtained from competing markets;

00 failing to conduct reviews of certain types of orders (i.e., market, marketable limit and non-marketable limit orders); and

00 failing to consider certain factors set forth in FINRA Rule 5310 when conducting a regular and rigorous review, such as speed of execution, price improvement and the likelihood of execution, among others.

As a result of such deficiencies, these firms failed to assure that order flow was directed to markets providing the most beneficial terms for their customers’ orders. FINRA notes that conducting a regular and rigorous review of customer execution quality is critical to the supervision of best execution practices, particularly if a firm routes customer orders to an alternative trading system in which the firm has a financial interest or market centers that provide order routing inducements, such as payment for order flow arrangements and order routing rebates.12

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Report on FINRA Examination Findings | December 20179

Market Access Controls

As trading in the U.S. securities markets has become more automated, the potential impact of a trading error or a rapid series of errors—caused by a computer or human error, or a malicious act—has become more severe. The SEC adopted Securities Exchange Act (SEA) Rule 15 c3-5 (referred to as the SEC’s “Market Access Rule”) to require broker-dealers with market access or that provide market access to their customers to “appropriately control the risks associated with market access so as not to jeopardize their own financial condition, that of other market participants, the integrity of trading on the securities markets, and the stability of the financial system.”13 For such broker-dealers, the Market Access Rule applies to trading in all securities on an exchange or alternative trading system, including equities, options, ETFs, debt securities (including municipals and treasuries) and security-based swaps.

FINRA observed firms that provide market access implement a variety of effective controls to help satisfy the requirements of SEA Rule 15c3-5, such as maintaining reasonable documentation to support thresholds; conducting periodic reviews that assess the reasonableness of thresholds (e.g., through a credit or capital utilization review); aggregating capital or credit usage limits by assigning finely tuned or granular limits, which in total represent a reasonable threshold, or by aggregating across applicable measures (e.g., accounts and systems) on a pre-trade basis; and establishing well-defined procedures that clearly describe the process to adjust a threshold both on an intra-day and permanent basis.14

Selected Examination FindingsFINRA observed several areas where some firms that provide market access fall short of their obligations under SEA Rule 15c3-5, particularly with respect to the establishment of pre-trade financial thresholds, implementing and monitoring aggregate capital or credit exposures, and tailoring erroneous trade controls.

FINRA also found that some firms did not appropriately apply the Market Access Rule to some or all of their fixed income activities. The Market Access Rule applies to any of a firm’s fixed income trading activity directed to an alternative trading system or exchange, including from a firm’s proprietary and principal trading desks, even if such activity represents a small percentage of the firm’s overall fixed income trading activity.15

00 Establishing Pre-Trade Financial Thresholds – FINRA observed instances in which firms failed under the Market Access Rule to establish reasonable pre-trade financial thresholds (capital and credit), or to undertake reasonable due diligence to substantiate those firm-assigned thresholds. For example, in one examination, FINRA noted that a firm assigned unreasonably high financial thresholds to its broker-dealer affiliate and was unable to provide any empirical data to support those thresholds. Certain single-trader IDs within the affiliate were assigned buying power of hundreds of millions of dollars and had a combined buying power of several billion dollars. The firm also lacked any substantiation of the reasonableness of those thresholds.

00 Implementing and Monitoring Aggregate Financial Exposures – FINRA observed instances where firms did not adequately consider capital and credit usage in the aggregate.16 FINRA also observed instances where firms providing market access lacked procedures on how to request, review, or approve adjustments to capital or credit thresholds. Often such adjustments were made on an ad hoc basis (e.g., in expectation of increased order flow in response to a market event, such as an index rebalancing) and not sufficiently documented. In some cases, the firm did not reset the adjusted levels or maintain documentation to support a permanent increase in the capital or credit threshold.

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Report on FINRA Examination Findings | December 201710

00 Tailoring Erroneous or Duplicative Order Controls – Striking a reasonable balance between preventing potentially erroneous or duplicative orders while not unduly inhibiting trading can be challenging. FINRA observed instances in which firms did not appropriately tailor their erroneous or duplicative order controls to particular products, situations or order types. For instance, firms use an “away from the market” control to prevent erroneous orders.17 However, relying solely on this control may put a firm at risk when entering large market orders, as there is no limit order price reference point. An effective practice that FINRA has observed to reasonably prevent erroneous orders of this type is to employ a market impact check, which measures the size of a customer’s order compared to the average daily volume in that security. If a check of this type is used, it should be set at a reasonable level.18

FINRA also observed situations where a firm had not considered the character of the market at the time of order entry. For instance, firms that only used the “away from the market” control may have created issues at times when the NBBO may not have been indicative of the true market.19 When the NBBO spread is above a preset percentage, FINRA has observed that one effective practice to prevent erroneous orders is for the firm to establish an alternative reference point, such as a control that measures the order price as a percentage away from last sale as opposed to the NBBO.

00 Implementing Effective Fixed Income Financial Controls – FINRA observed that in some instances, firms were not implementing the required systemic pre-trade “hard” blocks to prevent fixed income orders from reaching an alternative trading system that would cause the breach of a threshold. These firms implemented either “soft” blocks that provided warnings, but did not stop (automatically or manually) orders in breach of a threshold from being executed, or post-execution controls. One firm’s systems permitted a customer to enter an additional order that breached the customers’ credit thresholds before imposing the hard block. In some cases, firms that initially implemented controls to address the rule’s requirements failed to establish market access controls as they added new alternative trading systems.

00 Reliance on Vendors for Fixed Income Financial Controls – Firms may rely on an outside vendor’s tools, including those of an alternative trading system, to effect their financial controls, but they must have direct and exclusive control over the mechanisms that have been established and remain responsible for compliance. However, FINRA observed some firms that allowed the alternative trading system to set capital thresholds for their fixed income orders instead of establishing their own thresholds. Occasionally, firms were not sure what their thresholds were, and had no means to monitor their usage during the trading day. Some firms failed to understand how their vendors’ controls worked and could not explain them to FINRA.

00 Effective Testing for Fixed Income Financial Controls – Firms also must periodically test their market access controls, which forms the basis for an annual CEO certification attesting to a firm’s controls. FINRA found that in some instances, firms either failed to conduct any tests at all for their fixed income orders, or relied on their vendors to perform the tests without appropriate due diligence by the firm.

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Report on FINRA Examination Findings | December 201711

Summary of Additional ObservationsIn addition to the topics we address above, FINRA also draws firms’ attention to the following areas where operational deficiencies have challenged some firms’ ability to meet their compliance obligations.

Alternative Investments Held in Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs)

FINRA has identified instances in which firms that carry customers’ alternative investment assets held in IRAs failed to apply the requirements of financial and operational rules applicable to those assets.20

00 Failure to Establish Possession or Control as Required by SEA Rule 15c3-3 (referred to as the SEC’s “Customer Protection Rule”) – In some instances, firms that maintained custody of customers’ alternative investment assets held in IRAs did not satisfy the requirements for establishing possession or control as per the SEC’s Customer Protection Rule and the interpretations thereunder. This problem was observed in instances when firms sold alternative investment assets to customers through their own platform, and also when firms accommodated customers and provided custody for such assets that customers obtained elsewhere, but erroneously concluded they had not taken on custodial responsibilities.

00 Incorrect Account Statements – FINRA also observed instances where a firm maintained custody of customers’ alternative investment assets held in IRAs, but incorrectly reflected customer positions on the customer account statements as assets that were not in the custody of the firm.

00 Inaccurate Net Capital and Reserve Formula Computations – Some firms prepared inaccurate net capital and reserve formula computations pursuant to SEC rules with respect to alternative investment assets they carried. This issue occurred when firms failed to perform required quarterly verifications of customers’ alternative investment account positions and consequently could not factor reconciliation differences into those calculations.

Net Capital and Credit Risk Assessments

FINRA observed that, in seeking to comply with SEA Rule 15c3-1 (referred to as the SEC’s “Net Capital Rule”) and the interpretations thereunder, some firms faced challenges assessing the creditworthiness of non-convertible debt or money market instruments they held in their inventory for client facilitation or other purposes. These challenges increased following the effective date for compliance with amendments to SEC rules that removed references to credit ratings in order to reduce reliance on credit rating agencies and help ensure that haircut charges for certain securities for purposes of net capital computations are consistent with market data.21 FINRA observed issues principally in six areas:

00 Inadequate Policies and Procedures – In some instances, firms did not adequately design or document their policies and procedures for assessing and monitoring creditworthiness.

00 Inappropriate Use of Thresholds for Conducting Assessments to Determine if Securities Have Minimal Credit Risk – Pursuant to the SEC rule, firms are permitted to apply either a 15 percent haircut to all of their preferred stock, debt securities and money market instruments that have a ready market, or a lower haircut on such securities if it is determined that they have minimal credit risk pursuant to policies and procedures as specified under the Net Capital Rule. FINRA has noted instances where firms first applied the lower haircut to all such securities and then used a threshold to determine for which of those securities they would perform an analysis to determine minimal credit risk. However, the rule makes no allowance for a de minimis threshold below which the required creditworthiness assessment need not be performed.

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Report on FINRA Examination Findings | December 201712

00 Misapplication of SEC No-Action Letters – FINRA noted instances where firms incorrectly applied the criteria in SEC no-action letters for determining whether a security may be deemed to have a “ready market” to certain securities that are not within the scope of those letters. In particular, FINRA noted instances where firms incorrectly applied guidance for high-yield bonds to asset-backed securities held in their inventory. In other instances, firms did not properly apply the haircut charges prescribed in the no-action letters, and as a result applied lower haircut charges not consistent with the SEC staff’s guidance.

00 Failure to Apply Proper Charges for Open Contractual Commitments – FINRA noted instances where firms applied lower haircut charges to their open contractual commitments without performing the required assessment of creditworthiness as required by SEA Rule 15c3-1(c)(2)(vi)(I).

00 Improper Use of Indices as Benchmarks for Credit Risk Assessments – Some firms incorporated indices or other data into their procedures as benchmarks to assess the credit worthiness of an instrument, but did not reasonably design their use of such benchmarks to be consistent with the Net Capital Rule. For example, some firm procedures used certain benchmarks, but then did not articulate the levels at which the benchmarks would indicate a minimal amount of credit risk.

00 Inappropriate Use of Internal or External Credit Risk Assessments – Firms may incorporate credit ratings developed by an affiliate into their own procedures for assessing creditworthiness, but SEC rules require that procedures informed by such ratings must still be reasonably designed to result in assessments of creditworthiness that typically are consistent with market data. FINRA observed some instances where the use of an affiliate’s credit ratings did not support such procedures, such as one instance where the ratings used in the procedures were not kept current.

Order Capacity

FINRA observed that firms of all sizes that engage in an equities business sometimes failed to comply with the requirement to enter the correct capacity code (e.g., agency, principal, riskless-principal) when reporting an off-exchange trade to a FINRA equity trade reporting facility.22

Specifically, FINRA observed firms that failed to reasonably address requirements in the development and programming of record keeping and order entry systems, maintain written supervisory procedures reasonably designed to achieve compliance with trade reporting rules, adequately train employees with respect to the significance of properly marking capacity in order entry systems, and adequately supervise employees with respect to the proper marking. These failures resulted in, among other issues, deficiencies in the proper marking and reporting of numerous orders or executions by firms’ proprietary or vendor-provided systems.

In the case of equity reporting to a FINRA facility, FINRA continued to identify firms that incorrectly reported riskless principal transactions as agent, or agency transactions as riskless principal transactions. These errors reflected some firms’ misunderstanding of the key distinction between agency and riskless principal transactions: the former do not traverse through the firm’s principal accounts, unlike principal and riskless principal transactions.

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Report on FINRA Examination Findings | December 201713

Regulation SHO

FINRA observed some instances in which firms have had difficulty meeting various aspects of their obligations under Regulation SHO and relevant FINRA rules:

00 Supervision of Third-Party Order Management Systems – FINRA found that some firms may be overly reliant upon a third-party order management system for supervisory and compliance functions. FINRA noted inadequate levels of firm review and verification that third-party systems properly accounted for open sell orders as required by FAQ 2.5 concerning Regulation SHO and properly marked orders in accordance with Rule 200(g) of Regulation SHO.

00 Trading Records From Third-Party Order Management Systems – Some firms were hindered from adequately conducting these supervisory reviews as a result of limitations with vendor-provided information and data and vendor non-responsiveness. FINRA found that some third-party vendors did not provide firms with trading records that would permit a review of order marking for compliance with Rule 200(g) of Regulation SHO and FAQ 2.5. Specific limitations that FINRA identified included: (1) firms that were unable to obtain trading records that provided proprietary order information (as opposed to trade execution information); (2) vendors that did not have a single report that captured proprietary order information; and (3) vendors that did not provide trading data in a format that firms could use to conduct testing and review for order marking (e.g., PDF documents that could not be converted to a more easily useable format).

00 Locate Obligations – FINRA observed weaknesses in various aspects of certain firms’ locate practices. In some cases, firms continued to provide locates after depleting available shares, while in others there were weaknesses in some firms’ processes to document manual locates after available shares were depleted. FINRA also found that firms failed to establish proper controls to ensure that “easy to borrow” lists were accurate and updated timely to reflect current market or other conditions, such as existing fails to deliver or securities designated “hard to borrow.”

00 Fail-to-Deliver Closeouts – FINRA observed instances where firms did not maintain adequate written supervisory procedures for complying with Rule 204 of Regulation SHO regarding closeout of fails to deliver. The procedures did not address, for example, actions to be taken when transactions in American Depository Receipts did not settle on the applicable settlement date or how firms would ensure their books and records are net flat or net long on a day when a closeout obligation existed.

TRACE Reporting

FINRA observed some firms that engaged in institutional sales of fixed income securities frequently did not comply with certain key TRACE reporting rules—FINRA Rules 6730(a)(7),23 6730(b)(1) and (2),24 and 6730(c)(8).25 Specifically, FINRA found that some firms:

00 failed to report transactions in some TRACE-eligible securities because they relied on the master list of TRACE-eligible securities published by FINRA, and did not have a system or process to determine if a transaction involved a security that was not set up in TRACE at the time of the transaction;

00 reported transactions to TRACE late—more than 15 minutes from the time of execution— and inaccurately, providing the execution time as the time the transaction was entered into the firm’s order management system, not the actual time of execution; and

00 failed to detect deficiencies such as those described above, in part because they failed to establish and maintain a supervisory system reasonably designed to achieve compliance with certain TRACE reporting obligations.

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Report on FINRA Examination Findings | December 201714

1. For additional information on cybersecurity, including FINRA’s Small Firm Checklist, please see FINRA’s cybersecurity topic page.

2. “Spearphishing” is an email attack that typically targets an individual or set of individuals with emails that appear to be from an entity or person known to the target.

3. Some of these observations are more relevant to large firms or firms with a highly technology-dependent business model.

4. A “privileged user” is typically a systems, server, network or a database administrator with unrestricted access to powerful commands that enable him or her to create other users, assign access rights, create, copy, delete, and modify any files and databases, build new servers in production or shut down servers and systems. Often these users are assigned to a technology infrastructure department and support numerous business lines and systems across the whole organization.

5. On May 15, FINRA published Regulatory Notice 17-20 announcing that FINRA is conducting a retrospective review of the OBA and PST rules and requesting public comment on them. That request was made in the context of FINRA’s ongoing effort to review “significant rules to ensure they remain effective at protecting investors in an efficient manner.”

6. NASD Notice to Members 96-33 notes that a firm is “not required to record the activity in the same manner it records transactions executed on behalf of its own firm (i.e., on its purchase and sales blotter). Rather, members may develop and use alternative approaches that meet their specific needs and business practices …”

7. FINRA provides a free template for small firms to assist them in fulfilling their responsibilities to establish the AML compliance program required by the BSA, its implementing regulations, and FINRA Rule 3310. The template provides text examples, instructions, relevant rules and links to other resources that are useful in developing an AML plan for small firms.

8. FINRA bases its observations here on findings from our cycle examination program as well as a sweep FINRA conducted. The information request for the sweep can be found here.

9. Most recently, FINRA reminded firms of sales practice obligations for volatility-linked exchange-traded products in Regulatory Notice 17-32.

10. FINRA has noted in recent guidance that it believes order-by-order review of execution quality is increasingly possible for a range of orders in all equity securities and standardized options. See Regulatory Notice 15-46. If a firm chooses not to conduct an order-by-order analysis, a member must determine, based on its regular and rigorous review, whether any material differences in execution quality exist among the markets trading the security and, if so, modify the member’s routing arrangements or justify why it is not modifying its routing arrangements.

11. FINRA bases its observations here on findings from our cycle examination program as well as a sweep FINRA conducted. The information request for the sweep can be found here.

12. FINRA recently initiated targeted exams regarding the impact of order routing inducements on a firm’s order routing practices and decisions. The information request for the sweep can be found here.

13. Exchange Act Release No. 63241, 75 FR 69792 (Nov. 3, 2010).

14. These procedures included details on the approval process (who has the authority to override or change a threshold) and the steps leading up to that approval. Firms retained clear documentation to support these decisions, and for instances where a limit increase was given on an intra-day basis, procedures that addressed the readjustment of the limit.

15. While the Market Access Rule defines market access as the entry of orders on alternative trading systems and exchanges, with very limited exceptions, nearly all fixed income market access occurs on alternative trading systems.

16. The challenge of considering capital and credit usage in the aggregate generally arose where firms assigned multiple account identifiers or provided services that could create points where thresholds could be multiplied without appropriate monitoring of the aggregate impact. Scenarios that can result in a firm unwittingly multiplying thresholds include those that offer an individual customer multiple trading platforms to route orders to market centers, provide sponsored access or the use of other market center specific controls, establish multiple trading accounts for a single customer, including LLCs (Master/Sub-Accounts), and assign multiple user IDs, monikers or other identifiers to a single customer.

17. An “away from the market” control is a measurement of how far above (buy order) or below (sell order) the National Best Bid and Offer (NBBO) an order is priced. A firm typically assigns a percentage above which an order will be halted.

18. For example, one firm set its control threshold at an unreasonable 500 percent of the average daily volume of the security.

19. The general nature of trading makes the premarket session particularly vulnerable to this scenario. During the premarket, participants’ quotes trickle in and the NBBO spread narrows as the regular session opening approaches.

20. “Alternative investments” as used here refers to such products as, among other things, hedge funds, private equity funds, managed future funds, limited partnerships and non-traded Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs).

21. For more information on the SEC’s 2013 credit ratings amendments, please see the SEC’s Adopting Release.

22. The FINRA/Nasdaq TRF, FINRA/NYSE TRF and OTC Reporting Facility are collectively referred to herein as the “FINRA Facilities.”

23. Providing that, if a member makes a good faith determination that a transaction involves a TRACE-eligible security, the member must report the transaction, and if the security is not set up in the TRACE system, the member must promptly contact FINRA prior to reporting the transaction.

24. Requiring that, in a transaction between two members, each member must submit a trade report and, in a transaction between a member and a non-member (including a customer) the member must submit a trade report.

25. Requiring that members report the time of execution of a transaction.

© 2017 FINRA. All rights reserved.17_0342.1 –11/17

Endnotes

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© 2018 Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. All rights reserved. 1

Upcoming Regulatory Changes Thursday, November 8 3:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m.

Resources

FINRA360 Initiatives

General Information

www.finra.org/about/finra360

FINRA360 Background and FAQs: www.finra.org/about/finra360-background

FINRA360 Progress Report (April 2018)

www.finra.org/about/finra360-progress-report

FINRA Rule Proposal and Additional Resources

General Information about Retrospective Rule Review Process

www.finra.org/about/finra360-progress-report/retrospective-rule-review

Regulatory Notice 18-17, Sanction Guidelines (May 2018)

www.finra.org/sites/default/files/Regulatory-Notice-18-17.pdf

Regulatory Notice 18-16, High-Risk Brokers (April 2018)

www.finra.org/sites/default/files/Regulatory-Notice-18-16.pdf

Regulatory Notice 18-15, Heightened Supervision (April 2018)

www.finra.org/sites/default/files/notice_doc_file_ref/Regulatory-Notice-18-15_1.pdf

Regulatory Notice 18-14, Retrospective Rule Review, FINRA Requests Comment on the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Its Rule on the Annual Compliance Meeting (April 2018)

www.finra.org/sites/default/files/notice_doc_file_ref/Regulatory-Notice-18-14.pdf

Regulatory Notice 18-13, Quantitative Suitability (April 2018)

www.finra.org/sites/default/files/notice_doc_file_ref/Regulatory-Notice-18-13.pdf

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© 2018 Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. All rights reserved. 2

Regulatory Notice 18-10, Retrospective Rule Review, FINRA Requests Comments on the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Its Carrying Agreements Rule (March 2018)

www.finra.org/sites/default/files/notice_doc_file_ref/Regulatory-Notice-18-10.pdf

Regulatory Notice 18-08, Outside Business Activities (February 2018) www.finra.org/sites/default/files/notice_doc_file_ref/Regulatory-Notice-18-08.pdf

Regulatory Notice 17-38, Remote Branch Office Inspections (November 2017)

www.finra.org/sites/default/files/notice_doc_file_ref/Regulatory-Notice-17-38.pdf

Regulatory Notice 16-29, Gifts, Gratuities and Non-Cash Compensation (August 2016)

www.finra.org/sites/default/files/notice_doc_file_ref/Regulatory-Notice-16-29.pdf

Small Firm AML Template

www.finra.org/industry/anti-money-laundering-template-small-firms

FINRA 2018 Annual Regulatory and Examination Priorities Letter (January 2018)

www.finra.org/sites/default/files/2018-regulatory-and-examination-priorities-letter.pdf

Report on FINRA Examination Findings (December 6, 2017)

www.finra.org/industry/2017-report-exam-findings

Securities and Exchange Commission Proposals and Additional Resources

Regulation Best Interest

www.sec.gov/rules/proposed/2018/34-83062.pdf

SEC Proposes FAIR Act Rules to Promote Research Reports on Investment Funds (May 2018)

www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2018-92

In the Matter of Cadaret, Grant & Co., Inc., et al., Exchange Act. Rel. No. 84074 (Sept. 11, 2018)

www.sec.gov/litigation/admin/2018/33-10542.pdf

In the Matter of Laurence M. Torres, Exchange Act Rel. No. 81752 (Sept. 28, 2017):

www.sec.gov/litigation/admin/2017/33-10419.pdf

Office of Compliance Inspections and Examinations, 2018 National Exam Program Examination Priorities

www.sec.gov/about/offices/ocie/national-examination-program-priorities-2018.pdf

PCAOB Resources

Small Business Audit Correction Act of 2018

https://docs.house.gov/meetings/BA/BA00/20180913/108695/BILLS-1156021ih.pdf