up-scaling of ca in zambia: key barriers to the practice of minimum tillage among smallholder...
DESCRIPTION
A presentation at the WCCA 2011 event in Brisbane.TRANSCRIPT
Up-scaling of Conservation Agriculture in Zambia: Key barriers to the practice of minimum tillage
among smallholder farmers
Progress H Nyanga
NO
RW
EG
IAN
UN
IVER
SIT
Y O
F LIF
E S
CIE
NC
ES
www.umb.no
Dept. o
f Inte
rnatio
nal E
nviro
nm
ent a
nd D
evelo
pm
ent S
tudie
s, N
ora
gric
2
Conservation Agriculture in Zambia– Less than 120,000 farmers in 2006 to over 180,000 in
2010 practising minimum tillage
• Conservation agriculture basins and/or ripping
– Increase in district coverage (e.g. from 12 to 17 districts for CFU)
– Increase in number of actors promoting CA
– About 20% of total cultivated land is under minimum tillage
This study– 640 households under CFU’s Conservation Agriculture
Programme (CAP I)
– Households interviewed each farming season from 2006/2007 to 2009/2010
– Mixed methods were used
2
NO
RW
EG
IAN
UN
IVER
SIT
Y O
F LIF
E S
CIE
NC
ES
www.umb.no
Dept. o
f Inte
rnatio
nal E
nviro
nm
ent a
nd D
evelo
pm
ent S
tudie
s, N
ora
gric
3
Results
3
2006/2007 2007/2008 2008/2009 2009/20100
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80Use of various tillage methods
Conventional handhoe Conservation farming basins PloughingRipping
Perc
en
tag
e o
f h
ou
seh
old
s
NO
RW
EG
IAN
UN
IVER
SIT
Y O
F LIF
E S
CIE
NC
ES
www.umb.no
Dept. o
f Inte
rnatio
nal E
nviro
nm
ent a
nd D
evelo
pm
ent S
tudie
s, N
ora
gric
4
4
2006/2007 2007/2008 2008/2009 2009/20100
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2Average area under tillage methods
Conventional handhoe Conservation farming basins
Ploughing Ripping
Avera
ge a
rea (
ha)
NO
RW
EG
IAN
UN
IVER
SIT
Y O
F LIF
E S
CIE
NC
ES
www.umb.no
Dept. o
f Inte
rnatio
nal E
nviro
nm
ent a
nd D
evelo
pm
ent S
tudie
s, N
ora
gric
5
5
2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/100
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Area under tillage methods as per-centage of total tilled land
CV Handhoe CA basins Ploughing Ripping
Perc
en
tag
e are
a
NO
RW
EG
IAN
UN
IVER
SIT
Y O
F LIF
E S
CIE
NC
ES
www.umb.no
Dept. o
f Inte
rnatio
nal E
nviro
nm
ent a
nd D
evelo
pm
ent S
tudie
s, N
ora
gric
6
Barriers to up-scaling Cultural
– Ploughing and livestock (e.g. southern & central provinces)
– Dry season land preparation competing with other activities
Institutional– Slow rate of commercialisation of the ripper (14%
ownership in 2010)– Lack of timely access to seed and fertiliser– Policy environment
Technological– Lack of suitable labour saving technologies
• Heaviness of Chaka hoe Differences in objectives
– Diversifying tillage methods vs conversion & intensification
Environmental– Flooding in basins system
6
NO
RW
EG
IAN
UN
IVER
SIT
Y O
F LIF
E S
CIE
NC
ES
www.umb.no
Dept. o
f Inte
rnatio
nal E
nviro
nm
ent a
nd D
evelo
pm
ent S
tudie
s, N
ora
gric
7
Implications
Technological approach to up-scaling is necessary but not sufficient– Technologies must be sensitive to the end users
(e.g women)
Other aproaches are necessary– Institutional and policy approaches
• Re-orientation of subsidy to include rippers
• Aligning government programmes (FISP) to CA programmes and practices
7
NO
RW
EG
IAN
UN
IVER
SIT
Y O
F LIF
E S
CIE
NC
ES
www.umb.no
Dept. o
f Inte
rnatio
nal E
nviro
nm
ent a
nd D
evelo
pm
ent S
tudie
s, N
ora
gric
8
Thank you
8