Row Patterns - Tillage

John Baldwin

Univ. of Georgia

Topics

• Rotations• Land Prep and Fertilization • Varieties • Seed• Disease and Nematodes• Insects• Cultural Practices• Weed Management

TSWV

• Varieties

• Planting Date

• Seeding Rate

• Row patterns

• Tillage

• In-furrow insecticide

Yield Losses

• 20-40 lbs/A ($4-10/A) for each percent of row feet affected

• 50% affected = 1000-2000 lb/A yield loss

• Early season infection worse than late

• Levels seen in 95-97 were a real threat to survival of the peanut industry in GA

Why does severity vary from field to field?

• Severity affected by cultivar, planting date, plant population, at-plant insecticide, row pattern, tillage, (adjacent crops?, others?)

• Impact of each of these is not equal, but additive

• Use of multiple practices can greatly reduce severity and increase yield

Twin Vs. Single Rows

• Less TSWV

• Better Yield and Grade

• Quicker Canopy Closure

Seed Management

• Twin and Single Rows

• Seeding Rates

• Seed Quality

Seeding Rate/Acre for Various Peanut Varieties

Seed Count per pound Lbs/A, 6sd/ft, 36" rowsGeorgia Green 850 102Georgia Bold 660 132

ViruGard 650 134C99-R 600 145

MDR-98 700 124

• 6 seed/ft single• 3 seed/ft twin

The Formula is:

• Seed/ft x row length seed count per pound

14 a3 b76 a3920 b$107 a4 seed/ft

row

12 a4 a76 a4130 a$177 a3 seed/ft

row

18 b3 b76 a3840 b$133 a2 seed/ft

row

TSWV (%)

OK (%)

TSMK (%)

Yield Lbs/A.

Net Returns $/Acre

Treatment

Average Across Four LocationsLocation

Ga Green Seeding Rate Tests6 Locations-1999 & 2000

Sd/Ft Yield TSMK OK

2 4190a 75.5 3.85

3 4500b 76.1 3.58

4 4380ab 76.2 3.43

NS NS

Effect of Seeding Rate on Yield and Grade of C99-R peanut planted in Twin Row patterns

at Four locations during 1999-2001

Seed/ft Yield TSMK

4 4090b 73.8

6 4405a 73.8

8 4390a 74.3

p<.10 ns

In-Furrow insecticides on Twin Rows

• Thimet 3.5 on each twin row

• Temik 4 on each twin row

• Ortene 4 oz/ 100 lb of seed .

Reduced Tillage

• Strip Tillage

• Less LCBs

• Less TSWV

• Twin Vs. Single Rows

• Water Conservation

Advantages for Reduced Tillage

• Reduces Labor

• Reduces Time

• Reduces Fuel

• Less Machinery wear

• Traps Soil Moisture

• Improves water availability

Challenges for Peanuts

• One versus Two Pass System

• Activation of Herbicides

• Plant Stands

• Cover Crop and Level Fields

• Heavy Soils

• Harvest Losses

• More Detail to Management

Strip till into Rye

Strip Till rye mulch Contil farm

Twin Row Strip Till 2001

Can you get to much mulch?

Yield of 3 Peanut Cultivars planted in Single and Twin

Row Patterns from 1999-2001

• Georgia Green (13 locations)

• AgraTech 201 (7 locations)• Georgia Hi/Ol (4 locations)

Variety Yield TSWVGa Green S 4240* 16.1***

T 4625 10.2385 5.9

AT 201 S 4250* 22.8**T 4760 13.7

510 9.1Ga Hi/Ol S 4805 23.6

T 5025 12.5220 11.1

*p<.10**p<.05

***p<.01

Effect of Row Pattern on Yield, Grade and TSWV incidence of 11 peanut cultivars at 13 locations

for 1999-2001

Conv

Yield TSMK OK TSWV Std

Single 4350 72.4 4.1 27.1 3.4

Twin 4840 73.6 3.8 16.5ns 4.3

490 1.2 .3ns .6

*p<.05 **p<.10

Effect of Row Pattern on Yield, Grade and TSWV incidence of 11 peanut cultivars at 13 locations

for 1999-2001

Strip Till

Yield TSMK OK TSWV Std

Single 3940 73.1 3.6 20.2 3.7

Twin 4190 73.4 3.6 13.1 4.2

250 .3 0ns 7.1ns

*p<.05 **p<.10

Yield and Grade of Six peanut cultivars planted by strip till and conventional methods on twin or

single rows at 13 locations 99-2001

Trt Yield TSMK TSWV Std/ft

Single 4060b 72.4b 20.4b 4.0b

Twin 4320a 73.4a 11.6a 4.3a

Strip till

4340a 73.5a 13.3a 4.1a

Conv 4030a 72.3a 18.6b 4.2a

Effect of Row Pattern on Yield, Grade and TSWV incidence of 11 peanut cultivars at 13 locations

for 1999-2001

Yield TSMK OK TSWV Std

Single 4150 72.7 3.8 23.7 3.6

Twin 4520* 73.5** 3.4 14.7** 4.3

370 .8 .4ns 9.0

*p<.05 **p<.10

Terms to Remember

• No till saves you time and labor but you better be on time with your labor

• If it don’t rain it don’t matter

• Good judgment comes from experience and experience comes from poor judgment

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