unit 4: the industrial revolution
DESCRIPTION
Unit 4: The Industrial Revolution. During this unit, you will…. Know which innovations in industry helped shape the economics, religions, cultures and politics of the 18 th -20 th centuries. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Unit 4: The Industrial Revolution
During this unit, you will… Know which innovations in industry helped
shape the economics, religions, cultures and politics of the 18th-20th centuries.
Understand how industrialization transformed the societies and economics of the World and established the modern age.
Develop an essay based on an outline or graphic organizer that describes the impact of industrialization on the world as a society and the individual.
The Industrialized world begins E.Q.s:
• What happened in history to facilitate the Industrial revolution?
• What resources are necessary in order for a country to industrialize?
• How did early industrialization change society and culture?
Main points: World population explosion during the 1700’s
and 1800’s led to an increase in demand for materials
Industrial goods using iron/steel become the basis for construction of society
Invention of factories transform the way we live and work and increase the availability of material possessions
Increase in industrialized society creates new ideas in politics and society to aid industrial workers
How did industrialization begin?1. It actually began on farms in Britain!
• Enclosure Fencing off land as your own= private property
• New practices in the 1700’s: 3 year rotation Jethro Tull’s Seed Drill Mass produced cast iron plows Led to an increase in food supply
The Enclosure Movement
“Enclosed” Lands Today
2. Population Explosion!• Thanks to farms , the European population
went from 120 million to 190 million in under 100 years.
• Leads to an increased demand for necessities including construction and clothing
3. New technologies• Textile mills using water power
• Use of coal for steam engines for mills, then factories
Britain is the first industrial country Britain had money to invest,
resources (coal/iron) and people.• Population explosion
Increase in demand of goods Movement of people to cities
• Started making textile mills and factories Labor source is now in cities
The country was economically and politically prosperous. • Individuals started gaining capital.• The government was a constitutional
monarchy. Little gov’t influence Individuals start their own industries
Britain’s Infrastructure Need:
• A faster way to transport factory goods
Solutions:• Canals• Steam locomotives,
and railroads
US Canals
Important inventors James Hargreaves-
invented the spinning jenny
Richard Arkwright- made the first waterframe
Important inventors George
Stephenson- built steam powered locomotives
Robert Fulton- used a steamboat to travel up the Hudson River in 1807
Fulton’s Steamboat: the Clermont
Factories Utilized water
power at first
Coal becomes main industrial resource for factories• Steam power• Can be placed
anywhere—mainly on the edge of towns
Factories
Foundries and Iron A foundry is a
factory that smelts and casts iron• Smelt• Cast• Bessemer Process
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/31814-industrial-revelations-bessemer-converter-video.htm
Coalbrookedale In England
Considered to be the start of the Industrial Revolution• A Foundry that made
pig iron
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jOcw7Z-xyyQ&feature=related
Coalbrookedale by night
Urbanization Mass movement of people to cities;
major growth of cities
Chicago
Industrial Economics Laissez-Faire
• Keep government out of economics• Allows businesses and factories to maximize
profits and compete with each other.
Stocks• A person owns a “piece” of a company.• Individuals invest in a company and rely on
profit to earn money.
Corporations form in the late 1800’s• Large companies where several factories
are owned by one entity
Monopolies• When one company/factory controls the
entire market for a specific good Ex. Western Union, Standard Oil, U.S. Steel
Culture/Society of early Industrialization
Child labor
Children as young as 4 would be sent to work
Why send children to work?
Why send children to work?
1. Dexterity
2. Size
3. Cheap labor
4. Family needs
5. Lots in supply
Working class living Tenements
• Multi-level apartments and homes
“Shared sanitation and water”
Little or no education
Low parental involvement
What were some problems in early industrialized nations?
Life in the Industrial age E.Q.s:
• How successful were the economic, political, religious and social changes in the early 20th century to early industrial revolution society?
• What contributions did individuals make in the business, politics and the arts?
Religious Change: Methodism John Wesley founded Promoted personal sense of faith
• Take responsibility for your religion• Read and study the Bible yourself – personal
devotions Created a hopeful outlook for the
working classes
World Manufacturing Output
Henry Ford and the automobile American
automaker
Revolutionized industry by using two key ideas:• Interchangeable
parts• Assembly line
Model T
Releases the Model T in 1908 Made on an assembly
line.
Uses cheap, interchangeable parts.
15,007,034 cars produced in 19 years
Price for a Model T?$300
A new factory style Henry Ford:
• Paid his workers very well (4 times the competition)
• Set the modern 8 hr. work day/ 40 hr. week• Was constantly looking for a better, more
efficient way. Ex. Invention of the “V” engine, self-sufficient
farm, etc.
Social ideas: Utilitarianism Jeremy Bentham
• The goal of society is “the greatest good for the greatest number.”
• There is a role to play for government intervention to provide some social safety net.
Socialism Theory advocating
public or state control over the means of production and distribution of goods…• promoting equal
opportunity• For use, not profit
Utopianism and Karl Marx In a perfect world,
society would operate and own the means of production, not individuals.
“From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs.”
Try to build perfect communities [utopias].
Communism (Revolutionary Socialism) “The Communist
Manifesto” 1848• States that history is
made up of “haves” and “have-nots”
• Society and government should be created where everyone is equal with no social classes.
• “Classless, moneyless, stateless”
Charles Darwin Wrote “On the
Origins of Species”• All forms of life
evolved into its present state through millions of years.
• Natural selection-“Survival of
the fittest”
How do Darwin’s ideas affect us? Social Darwinism
• Society and people are always improving
• “Inferior” people will be replaced by “superior” people
• Racism• Fuel for Imperialism
and Nazism
Religion?• Not intended to
cause controversy• Observation and
theory
What does this picture mean?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HV_o3LoBjsI&feature=related
Culture and the Arts Realism
• Paint or write everything that is perceptible or in vision
• Be as accurate as possible
Gustave Courbet (1849)
The Salmon Fisher (1889)
Culture and the Arts Impressionism
• Focuses more on the “impression” or feeling a work makes rather than accuracy
• Popular impressionists: Vincent Van Gogh Claude Monet
Van Gogh
Van Gogh
Van Gogh
Monet
Monet
Monet
Culture and the Arts From Dicken’s “Oliver Twist”:
• ‘Child as he was, he was desperate with hunger, and reckless with misery. He rose from the table and advancing on the master, basin and spoon in hand, said somewhat alarmed as his own boldness. “Please sir, I want some more”’