Unit 14Industrial Revolution

Timeline

Agricultural Revolution

Industrial Revolution

Results of Changes

Changes in

Agriculture

Domestic System

vsFactory System

Needs of Industry:Case Study: Great

Britain

Effects of Industrialization

Attempts at Reforming

Society

The ArtsEssential Questions

Global Migration

Reactions to the Industrial

Revolution

I. Timeline of the Industrial Revolution

1740 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920

New tools began the

Agricultural Revolution

James Watt’s steam engine began the

Industrial Revolution

First railroad created in England

1848 – Communist Manifesto Published Automobile

invented in Germany

1845 – Irish potato famine

1859 – Origin of Species published

Wright Brother’s fly first airplane

Romanticism Realism Impressionism

II. The Agricultural (Agrarian) Revolution

A change in the way food was produced

Changes

• Enclosed Fields – made farm work more efficient

Changes

• Crop rotation –

increased crop

production in

each field

Changes

• Better animal breeding – more food produced per animal

Changes• New machinery – more food using less

workers

Stop and Think

• Partner A tell Partner B 1 change during the Agricultural Revolution

• Partner B tell Partner A a different change

• Partner A tell another

• Partner B tell another

Results

• More food produced using less farm workers– Workers became available to work elsewhere– Extra food could feed a larger population

• Population grew tremendously

Stop and Think!

• Partner A: Give one result of the Agricultural Revolution

• Partner B: Give another

Poster Activity• You and your partner will be creating a

poster for the changes made during the Agricultural Revolution. A’s will get one sheet of paper and markers/colored pencils. B’s will return them when finished. For today’s assignment, you must include:– Enclosed fields– Crop rotation– Stronger animals– New machines– Results

III. The Industrial Revolution

A change in the way things were made

Domestic/Cottage System:

• Making products– home– hand– one person

video

Stop and Think

• Partner: Tell Partner B what the domestic system was.

Factory System• factory * machine * Many

people

video

Stop and Think

• Partner B: Explain to Partner A the difference between the factory system and the domestic system.

What a nation needs to have industry

• Capital – investment money

What a nation needs to have industry

• Labor force – workers

Stop and Think!

• Partner A: How did the Agricultural Revolution provide the labor force needed to industrialize?

What a nation needs to have industry

• Transportation system – to get materials to factory; to get products to market

What a nation needs to have industry

• Raw materials – especially coal, iron ore, wool, and cotton

Market

• A place/ need to sell your product

Stop and Think!

• Partner A: One thing a country needs to make the transition between the domestic system and the factory system

• Partner B: Give another

• Partner A: Another

• Partner B: Another

• Partner A: Another

Great Britain had all of these things!

Which situation in Great Britain was a major reason why the Industrial Revolution began there?

1. An ample supply of human and natural resources

2. Increasing power of the laboring class

3. High quality of public education

4. Eagerness of the nobility to become factory owners

How Industrialization Affected Society

• Urbanization– People moving into cities too quickly

How Industrialization Affected Society

• Urbanization– Overcrowding of cities

How Industrialization Affected Society

• Urbanization– Unsafe living conditions

An important result of the Industrial Revolution in 19th century Europe

was that

1) Migration to rural areas increased

2) The supply of unskilled labor decreased

3) The gap between the wealthy and the poor decreased

4) Urbanization increased rapidly

Stop and Think

Partner A: Explain to Partner B what urbanization means.

Partner B: Explain to Partner A how urbanization may affect society

Working Conditions

• Child labor: kids were used because they could be paid less

Stop and Think!

Partner A: Share with Partner B how you feel about child labor… do you think children ages 6-14 should be able to work full time and not go to school?

Partner B: Answer the same question.

Working Conditions

• Long hours: 12-16 hour days (fatigue was dangerous)

Stop and Think!

• Either Partner: Share what you know about the hours you can work and at what age.

Working Conditions

• Dangerous conditions: unsafe machinery, unsafe buildings

Stop and Think!

• Each partner share some safety precautions businesses now must take for their workers.

Changing Social Roles

• Women: either run household or work long hours for little pay

• Family: lower class family life suffered

• Children:– Poor living and working conditions– Child labor– Unhealthy living

Which was a result of the Industrial Revolution in England during the

19th century?1) The structure of society changed to

include a growing working class2) Workers became more secure in their

jobs and less dependent on employers3) Democratic principles were weakened as

the power of the working class increased4) The number of farmers increased as the

demand for wool in the textile industry rose

Transportation: greatly improved

• Better roads

• Canals and railroads were built

• Steam engine increased speed and options

What statement about railroad systems in the 19th and 20th

centuries is accurate?1) European governments opposed the

development of railroads

2) Imperialists rejected the use of railroads in their colonies

3) Railroads helped promote the factory system and urbanization

4) Railroads made transportation of goods less efficient

Reactions to the Industrial Revolution

• Liberals vs. Conservatism- Liberals

- Want changes- New republics- Laissez-faire economy

- Conservatives- Want stability (no changes)- Old monarchies- Nobles (government) controls economies

Adam Smith

• Wrote The Wealth of Nations

• Introduced “Laissez-faire” (hands off)– Government shouldn’t get involved with

business

Thomas Malthus

• Social conservative

• “Poor people would continue to suffer as long as the population keeps rising”

• Didn’t see rise in technologies to produce more food

Charles Darwin

• Wrote The Origins of Species – theory of evolution– “Natural selection” – (survival of the fittest)– Social Darwinism:

• Business: justification for owners to do whatever they had to

• Nationalism: in war – win or be defeated• Society: excuse for racial prejudice

Stop and Think!

• Partner A: Identify one difference between Adam Smith and Charles Darwin.

• Partner B: Identify a different difference.

Socialism

• Economic system – Society owns business; everyone shares work and profits

Utopian Socialism:

• When people wanted to create self-supporting societies

• Everyone shared everything

• Goal – peaceful, equal society

Marxist Socialism

• Begun by Karl Marx who wrote Communist Manifesto

• Workers of the world unite and overthrow business owners through revolution

• Goal – end capitalism, create socialist (classless) society

How did people react to industrialization?

• Laissez-faire vs socialism (free market vs equal ownership)

• Survival of the fittest and natural selection

• Technology will not increase food supply so stop having babies

Essential Questions

1) How did the Agricultural Revolution support the Industrial Revolution?

• More food produces → able to supply industrial cities

• Ex-farm workers became the new labor force for industry

Essential ?s

2) How can the Industrial Revolution be considered the major turning point in history?

• Huge population increase

• Transportation speed increased → global migration

• Many new laws and other social reforms

Essential ?s

3) How did the abuses of the Industrial Revolution lead to the competing ideologies for social change?

• New ideologies attempted to solve social problems:

• Liberal vs. Conservation

• Capitalism (Laissez-Faire) vs. socialism

Essential ?s

1) Compare and contrast the ideas of Adam Smith and Karl Marx:

• Capitalism – Adam SmithSocialism – Karl MarxDefinitionEconomic system where production decisions are made by the marketEconomic system where production decisions are made by the governmentSupporting TheoryLaissez-FaireThe Wealth of NationsSocialismCommunist ManifestoRole of governmentGovernment does not interfere with businessGovernment makes all economic decisionsOwnership of the means of productionPrivate ownershipGovernment (the people) own all aspects of business