UNIT IV: INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Ryan Hobert – Key TermsBayert Salverda – Important PeopleGabriel Chang – Essential QuestionsNel Siemsen – Learning Nugget

KEY TERMSIndustrial Revolution

Enclosure Acts

Enclosure Acts: A series of United Kingdom acts of parliament which enclosed open fields and common land in the country.

In the period 1714-1801, about one-fourth of the land in Britain was converted from community property to private property through enclosures.

p. 563-564, Spodek

RH

Proletariat

Proletariat: In Marxist theory, those who live solely by the sale of their labor, as opposed to the bourgeoisie . The term is usually applied to the wage workers engaged in industrial production.

A factory worker is an example of the working class, or Proletariat.

RH

Spinning Jenny

An invention of James Hargreaves’. Named after his daugher It was a spinning machine in which

prepared natural fibers for weaving . Made the expansion of the production of

the cotton cloth possible Inventions such as the Spinning Jenny

are what made the Industrial Revolution possible.

P. 565, SpodekRH

Reform Bill of 1832

Shifted 143 seats in parliament from rural constituencies, which were losing population and were dominated by single families, to expanding urban constituencies

Number of voters increased by 60%, but still only totaled 800,000 in all of Britain.

Middle class benefitted greatly . P.579, Spodek RH

Important People of the Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution

Karl Marx (1818 – 1883)

http://livinginstereo.com/?p=210

BS

•German journalist•Wrote the Communist Manifesto• Believed that the power of government should be given to the workers• Predicted a proletariat revolution due to class struggles between the proletariats and bourgeoisie.

•Did not support Adam Smith’s capitalism

Eli Whitney (1765 – 1825)

http://www.lessignets.com/signetsdiane/calendrier/oct/28.html

BS

•American Inventor•Invented the Cotton Gin in 1794•Revolutionized the textiles industry•Helped strengthen slavery in the Southern U.S.

Adam Smith (1723 – 1790)

http://guynewey.wordpress.com/2009/02/

BS

•Moral philosopher•Published the Wealth of Nations in 1776• Provided the layout for capitalism• Argued that the wealth of a nation should be determined by the wealth of its citizens• Put the emphasis on personal capital gain rather than large treasuries for a nation

Emmeline Pankhurst (1858 – 1928)

http://homeopathy.wildfalcon.com/archives/2009/05/08/the-pankhurst-family-and-homeopathy/

BS

•British political activist•Leader of the Women’s Suffrage Movement in Britain•Lead women’s franchise league•Founded Women’s Social and Political Union•Used violent methods to fight sexism• Smashed windows• Assaulted police officers

Essential QuestionsIndustrial Revolutions

What would you identify as the key social changes introduced by the industrial revolution? One of the key social changes introduced by the industrial revolution

were those made to the classes. The proletariat class emerged as a result of the displacement of farmers and the creation of jobs in factories.

The role of working class women in the working place also changed, in that they were hired in factories. Despite this, they did not immediately gain suffrage or equity, which was fought for by the Pankhursts and campaigned for by the other women’s suffrage committees.

Demographically, the population grew, especially in cities where urbanization was rampant. “Death rates fell as people ate better and kept cleaner, and as public health measures increased the safety of the water supply, improved the sanitation of cities, of combated epidemics, and taught new standards of personal hygiene” (574)

Spodek, 574-583 GC

How are industrialization, urbanization, and immigration related to one another?

Immigration fuels urbanization as the immigrants are willing to (or have to) take factory jobs jobs and move into the city, which provides labor for industrialization.

GC

In which ways do you see women benefiting from the industrial revolution? In which ways to you see them losing out? Women benefited from the Industrial

Revolution as they gained suffrage over time, social equity as they increasingly became providers for their families rather than or alongside their husbands.

Women continued to be valued less, earning only supplementary income rather then a “family wage” (578) and being replaced by farmers and immigrant men gradually.

Women would eventually enter domestic service and secretarial occupations. GC

To what degree do you think we can consider the world today as still living in a period of industrial revolution? To what degree do you think that period is past?

Today’s world is continually changing. The industrial revolution has officially ended, but individual nations’ industrial revolutions are still occurring and technological innovations continue to come at an increasing speed from the advanced nations and these things will continue to change our world economically and politically. The effect of individual industrial revolutions can be seen in quickly developing nations such as China.

The world’s industrial revolution is near its end in that we no longer make social and political changes through innovation to the same scale as was done in the Industrial Revolution.

GC

Learning NuggetIndustrial Revolution

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