Unit 3: Chapter 12:Unit 3: Chapter 12:RegulationRegulation

______________________ using ______________________ using the Nervous and Endocrine the Nervous and Endocrine

SystemsSystems

A. Regulation _________ = life process by which organisms _______ to _________ within and around them

In humans the ___________ and __________ ________ control and regulate bodily activities

B. Nerve Regulation 1 - _______ = ______________________________ 2 - _______ = ______________________________ 3 - _______ = ______________________________ _______________________________________

C. Human Nervous System 1 - _________________ __________ _____ and _________ 2 - _______________ _________ Carries impulses to and from CNS

D. Nerve Cells 1 - ________ a) Specialized cell _______________________ b) ______ = ___________________________ ______________________________________

Impulse Animation

c) Parts of the Neuron: - _______ = cyton – contains all the normal cell parts __________________________________. - ________ – ________ on the cell body, ______ __________________________________________ - ____ – long fiber that extends from the cell body, ______________ - _____________ and ___________ – carry impulse to the ______ _______ or ________ - Ganglia – are dense groupings of cytons

d) _______ – ____________________________ - electrical impulse travels down the neuron from the cell body, axon, terminal branch, and the synaptic knob. - At the synaptic knob _________________ are released. - ________________________________________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ____________

E. Types of Nerves - nerves are bundles of neurons 1 – ______________ – located in sense organs – ______________________ carry impulses to the _________________ 2 – ______________ – _________________ ___________ interpret impulses 3 – ___________ – located at ____________ carry impulses from the CNS to _______ and _________

What kind of neuron is this?

F. _________ – the brain is made of _____________ - part of central nervous system

1 - ___________ – larger in humans than other organisms - many convolutions – increase surface area - _______, motor, associative functions (_____________, ___________) - ____________________

2 - ___________________ - 2nd largest part of the brain - ____________________________ - Smooth muscle movements (_____________)

3 - _________________ - connects to the spinal cord - controls ______________________ – ________, ________, ________, ________

G. ________________ - _________________________________________ _____________________ - responsible for certain reflexes _________ = involuntary automatic response to a stimulus _______________

H. Diseases and Disorders of the Nervous System

1 - _________________ - ________________________________________ ______ and ____________ - severe head ache and ________________

2 - _______________ - birth disorder that effects the ________ _________________

3 - __________ - _____ that destroys ___________ causing ____________

4 - The Effects of Drugs - can permanently alter brain chemistry - ____________ – speeds up the functions of the nervous system convulsions, heart attack, death

ex: _______, amphetamines, crystal meth, _________, nicotine, ________

- _________________ - slows down the functions of the nervous system ____________________ ex: _______, ________, morphine, barbiturates

- _________________ - disrupt the function of the nervous system causing hallucinations ___________________________ _____________________ ex: __________, ecstasy, PCP, LSD, mesculine

I. _______________________ - System of chemicals released into the blood stream - Stimuli causes certain glands to release chemical messengers = ____________________________ directly into blood - ________________________ to reach their target organ and it __________________________ - Overall endocrine regulation takes ______________ but has ____________________________ - Involved in ____________ and __________________

J. ______________________________ - includes several endocrine glands and their hormones - endocrine glands are _________ ________________ ________________________________ - hormones are transported to and act on _____________

K. Endocrine Glands and Hormones

1 - _______________________ - located in the brain next to the hypothalamus - “_____________” – sends out hormones that controls other endocrine glands

a – _____________________ ___________ (TSH) affects thyroid gland – helps control rate of ____________

b – ______________________ ______________ (FSH) stimulates the development of the ________________ in females and sperm in the testes of males

c – __________________ (GH) stimulates bone, muscle, cartilage cells _______________________ _______________________, acromegaly

2 - ____________________ - located around the trachea - ___________ – regulates the rate of __________

made from ______________ - ___________ – enlargement of the thyroid

3 - __________________ - located on the back of the thyroid gland “little buttons” - _______________ – regulates __________________

________________________________

4 - ___________________ a – ____________ – epinephrine increases metabolic rate, liver releases glucose, increase breathing, heart rate, sweating b – _________ – opposite of adrenaline slows down the metabolic rate, causes the liver to uptake glucose, slow immune system c - “___________” response – in times of stress adrenaline is released gets you ready for the emergency after the stress cortisol is released to bring your body back to “normal”

5 - _________________ – Pancreas a – _________ – causes cells to uptake glucose in the liver ____________________ ____________________ b – ________________ – causes the liver to release glucose ____________________ ____________________

c – _____________ – islets do not produce enough insulin the person ____________________________________ Symptoms: lose weight, thirsty, weakness, glucose in the urine

6 - Gonads a - __________________ – _________ – stimulates the development of the female reproductive system ____________________________ – hip shape, fat deposits, breast development – ______________________ – “pregnancy hormone” with estrogen the hormones regulate the menstrual cycle

b - ___________________ – _____________ – stimulates the development of the male reproductive system _________________________ – body hair, voice, muscle

L. ___________________________ - When one change in the body causes another change - Usually deals with hormones and body tissues

1. _________________________________ the change opposes the original change - Ex : _____________________________________, but the ________________________________ helps to maintain homeostasis - Ex 2: the __________________ and ______________ stimulates the _______________________________ an ________________________________________________ ____________________