endocrine system marie Černá. regulatory systems nervous system endocrine system

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Endocrine System Endocrine System Marie Černá Marie Černá

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Page 1: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

Marie ČernáMarie Černá

Page 2: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

Regulatory systemsRegulatory systems

•Nervous system

•Endocrine system

Page 3: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

GlandsGlands• Endocrine – hormone-secreting organs,

secrete their chemical messengersdirectly into body fluids (blood)

• Exocrine – enzyme/mucus-secreting organs,secrete their chemical messengers into ducts that convey the productsto the appropriate locations

Page 4: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

Endocrine glandsEndocrine glands1. Pineal gland

2. Hypothalamus +

Pituitary gland

3. Thyroid gland +

Parathyroid glands

4. Thymus

5. Adrenal glands

6. Pancreas

7. Ovary (female)

8. Testis (male)

Page 5: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

Feedback inhibitionFeedback inhibition

Page 6: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system
Page 7: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system
Page 8: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system
Page 9: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system
Page 10: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

Pineal glandPineal gland

hormone chemical class

representative actions

regulated by

Melatonin amine involved in biological rhythms

light/dark cycles

Page 11: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system
Page 12: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system
Page 13: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

Anterior pituitaryAnterior pituitaryhormone

peptide/protein

representative

actions

regulated by

Growth hormone GH ↑ growth + metabolism

hypothalamic h.

Prolactin PRL ↑ milk production + secretion

hypothalamic h.

Thyroid-stimu-lating hormone

TSH ↑ thyroid gland hypothalamic h.

thyroxine

Adrenocortico-tropic hormone

ACTH ↑ adrenal cortex → glucocorticoids

hypothalamic h.

glucocorticoids

Follicle-stimu-lating hormone

FSH ↑ production of ova and sperm

hypothalamic h.

Luteinizing hormone

LH ↑ ovaries and testes

hypothalamic h.

Page 14: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system
Page 15: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

Posterior pituitaryPosterior pituitary

hormone

peptide

representative

actions

regulated by

Antidiuretic hormone

ADH ↑ retention of water by kidneys

water/salt balance

Oxytocin ↑ contraction of uterus + mammary gland cells

nervous system

Page 16: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

Thyroid glandThyroid gland

Page 17: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

Thyroid glandThyroid gland

• Follicular cells – thyroxine

• Parafollicular c-cells - calcitonin

Page 18: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

Thyroid glandThyroid gland

hormone

representative

actions

regulated by

T4 Thyroxine T3

amine ↑ metabolic processes TSH

Calcitonin peptide ↓ blood calcium level calcium in blood

Page 19: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

TT44 Tetraiodothyronine Tetraiodothyronine

TT33 Triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine

Page 20: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

Parathyroid glandsParathyroid glands

Hormone

representative actions

regulated by

Parathyroid hormone, PTH

peptide ↑ blood calcium level

calcium in blood

Page 21: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

Homeostasis:Homeostasis:Blood calcium levelBlood calcium level

Page 22: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

Thyroid feedbackThyroid feedback

Page 23: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

Adrenal glandsAdrenal glands

Page 24: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

Adrenal glandsAdrenal glands

Medulla: adrenalin (epinephrine) +noradrenalin (norepinephrine)

Cortex: z. reticularis – DHA

dehydroepiandrosteronez. fasciculata – cortisol

(glucocorticoids)z. glomerulosa – aldosterone

(mineralocorticoids)

Page 25: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

Adrenal medulla Adrenal medulla

Hormone

representative actions

regulated by

adrenalin

noradrenalin

amine ↑ blood glucose level

↑ metabolic activities

vessel constriction

nervous system

Page 26: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

CatecholaminesCatecholamines

Page 27: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

Synthesis of catecholaminesSynthesis of catecholamines

Page 28: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

Adrenal cortex Adrenal cortex

hormone

steroid

representative

actions

regulated by

Glucocorticoids ↑ blood glucose level ACTH

Mineralocorticoids ↑ reabsorption of Na+ + ↑ excretion of K+

in kidneys

kalium in blood

Page 29: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

Steroids hormonesSteroids hormones

Page 30: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

Sex hormones (steroids)Sex hormones (steroids)

Adrenal cortex

Testes Androgens

Ovaries Estrogens

Progesterone

Page 31: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

Sex hormones in femaleSex hormones in female

Page 32: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

Sex hormones in maleSex hormones in male

Page 33: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

PancreasPancreas

Page 34: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

PancreasPancreas

Langerhans islets

• Alpha cells

→ glucagon

• Beta cells

→ insulin

Page 35: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

PancreasPancreas

hormone

peptide

representative

actions

regulated by

Insulin ↓ blood glucose level glucose in blood

Glucagon ↑ blood glucose level glucose in blood

Page 36: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

Circadian rhythms Circadian rhythms of blood glucose and insulinof blood glucose and insulin

Page 37: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system
Page 38: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

Homeostasis:Homeostasis:Blood glucose levelBlood glucose level

• ↑ blood glucose level

Glucagon

Glucocorticoids

Catecholamines

• ↓ blood glucose level

Insulin

Page 39: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

ThymusThymus

Page 40: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

ThymusThymus

hormone chemical class

representative actions

regulated by

Thymosin peptide stimulates

T lymphocytes

Page 41: Endocrine System Marie Černá. Regulatory systems Nervous system Endocrine system

LiteratureLiterature

Biology, eighth edition,Campbell, Reece

Unit seven: Animal Form and FunctionChapter 45:

Hormones and the Endocrine SystemPages 975 – 996