]]uasmawmh r[kwfygbl;/ q&marmifacsmeg,f&jh · pdf fileokh;a,mufaumif;uif...

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okH;a,mufaumif;uif jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rfrS wifqufonf/ armifopfrif; Miroslav Holub Vasko Popa Zbigniew Herbert

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Page 1: ]]uAsmawmh r[kwfygbl;/ q&marmifacsmEG,f&Jh  · PDF fileokH;a,mufaumif;uif jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rfrS wifqufonf/ armifopfrif; Miroslav Holub Vasko Popa Zbigniew Herbert

okH;a,mufaumif;uif

jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rfrS wifqufonf/

armifopfrif;

Miroslav HolubVasko Popa

Zbigniew Herbert

Page 2: ]]uAsmawmh r[kwfygbl;/ q&marmifacsmEG,f&Jh  · PDF fileokH;a,mufaumif;uif jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rfrS wifqufonf/ armifopfrif; Miroslav Holub Vasko Popa Zbigniew Herbert

xkwfa0rIrSwfwrf;

jrefrmusL;ypfpmpOf ; cspfwJYuAsm (4)uAsmyk'fa& ; 15 yk'fxkwfa0jcif; ; yxrtBudrf xkwfa0umv ; 2008 ckESpf? Mo*kwfvtkyfa& ; uefYowfrxm;rsufESmzkH;ESifYtwGif;yef;csD ; René Magrittepmtkyftjyiftqif ; udkxuf

pmtkyftnTef;

rmwdum rS uAsmemrnfudk ESdyfygu? oufqdkif&m uAsmodkY a&muf½SdoGm;rnf jzpfNyD;/ uAsmtqkH;rS ]armifopfrif;} qdkonfY emrnfudk ESdyfygu ]rmwdum} odkY jyefa&mufvmygrnf/

jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf 2

Page 3: ]]uAsmawmh r[kwfygbl;/ q&marmifacsmEG,f&Jh  · PDF fileokH;a,mufaumif;uif jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rfrS wifqufonf/ armifopfrif; Miroslav Holub Vasko Popa Zbigniew Herbert

rmwdum

Miroslav Holub 4

01/ ewforD;ykHjyif 5

02/ yifv,fudkqJol 6

03/ naecif;ü aoqkH;jcif; 8

04/ AkH;BuJNyD;aemuf ig;rdepf 10

Vasko Popa 12

05/ Mu,fai;ol&JUtarG 13

06/ arYwwfwJYudef;wpfvkH; 14

07/ pdwfBuD;0ifaewJY trSm;wpfck 15

08/ ykHjyifwpfyk'f&JUykHjyif 16

09/ yg;eyfwJYBwd*Hwpfck 17

10/ orf;a0rIrsm;&JU orf;a0rI 18

Zbigniew Herbert 19

11/ rsuf&nfESpfpuf 20

12/ toH 21

13/ rdk; 23

14/ ydk;om;0dnmOf 25

15/ vQm 27

jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf 3

Page 4: ]]uAsmawmh r[kwfygbl;/ q&marmifacsmEG,f&Jh  · PDF fileokH;a,mufaumif;uif jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rfrS wifqufonf/ armifopfrif; Miroslav Holub Vasko Popa Zbigniew Herbert

Miroslav Holub

rDa&mqvmYAfa[mvkAf(13 pufwifbm 1923 - 14 *sLvdkif 1998 )csufEdkifiHom;? uAsmq&m eJY a&m*gaA' ynm½Sif

jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf 4

Page 5: ]]uAsmawmh r[kwfygbl;/ q&marmifacsmEG,f&Jh  · PDF fileokH;a,mufaumif;uif jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rfrS wifqufonf/ armifopfrif; Miroslav Holub Vasko Popa Zbigniew Herbert

ewforD;ykHjyif

olYtwGuf oltdrfwpfvkH;aqmufw,folYtkwfjrpfrsm;?olYausmufwkH;rsm;?olYeH&Hrsm;?olYacgif;ay:u trdk;rsm;?olYacgif;wdkif olYrD;cdk;rsm;?olYjywif;aygufu jrifuGif;/

olYtwGuf olO,smOf wpfckvkyfw,folYNcHpD;½dk;?olYopfarT;yif?olYwDaumif?olYnaecif;ESif;puf/

olYaumif;uifay:u wpfpdwfwpfydkif;udk vSD;jzwfvdkufw,f/

jyD;awmY O,smOfudk aumif;uifeJYxkyfolYtdrfudk olYO,smOfeJYxkyftm;vkH;udk vufudkify0gwpfxnfxJrSm pkxkyfvdkufw,f/

jyD;awmY xGufoGm;av&JUtmwdwf ajracG;wpfaumif&JUtxD;usefrIrsdK;eJYat;puftqkH;rJYrdk;a&xJjzwfoef;jyD;urÇÇmxJudk / /

Miroslav Holub(armifopfrif; bmomjyefonf)

jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf 5

Page 6: ]]uAsmawmh r[kwfygbl;/ q&marmifacsmEG,f&Jh  · PDF fileokH;a,mufaumif;uif jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rfrS wifqufonf/ armifopfrif; Miroslav Holub Vasko Popa Zbigniew Herbert

yifv,fudkqJol

wpfpkHwpfa,mufausmufurf;yg;pGef; xdyfay:½kwfcsnf;wufyifv,fudk qJygava&m/

rdkufrJwJYa& rdkufrJwJYudk,f0efaqmifa&?aumif;uif&JU ½THUap;xlwJY ykHwlum;?aeeJYvMum; wGefYqkwfpGm&pf0Jaeol?c½kcGHrsm;udk a&;BuD;cGifus,fvkyf a&wGufaeol?t&nfqefwJY tmus,fwJY EGm;odk;?ausmufwkH;rsm;udk olYaoG;eJYrsdK;atmifapol?olYudk,fol jyefowfwJY"m;?oefvsufpGef;wdkif;rSm olYudk,fol tpdwfpdwftrTmrTmuGJapol?[dkufj'm nudk tydkif;ydkif;jzwfol?wdwfqdwfrI&JU qm;iefwdrfwdkufrsm;udk ½I½Idufaeol?ausmufausmvdk tawmifyHawGjzefUNyD;?tcsnf;ESD;? tcsnf;ESD;yJ?a*:*Gef udk,fYudk,fudk jyefvnf0g;rsdKaeol/

jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf 6

Page 7: ]]uAsmawmh r[kwfygbl;/ q&marmifacsmEG,f&Jh  · PDF fileokH;a,mufaumif;uif jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rfrS wifqufonf/ armifopfrif; Miroslav Holub Vasko Popa Zbigniew Herbert

a&? a&&JU &,fzG,faumif;wJY jym;csyfcsyfOD;acgif;cGH toif-tJ'Dvdk twefMum yifv,fudk olqJypfvdkufw,f/

oJay:u olYajc&mawGudk vQmeJYvsufypfcJYwJY yifv,f'Pf&m& acG;wpfaumifvdk/

NyD;awmY olatmufudk qif;vmNyD; yGwfoyfvdkufw,fao;odrfpGm xkxnfBuD;rm; rkefwdkif;xefaewJYyifv,f&JU aMu;rkHudk/

awGYyvm;uG? a&? vdkY olajymNyD;olYvrf;ol qufoGm;ygava&m/ /

Miroslav Holub(armifopfrif; bmomjyefonf)

[dkufj'm = acgif;wpfvkH;jzwfvQif ESpfvkH;wdk;onf qdkaom *&d'@m&DxJu e*g;BuD;

a*:*Gef = *&d'@m&DxJu tvGefpufqkyfzG,f aumif;aom bDvl;r

jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf 7

Page 8: ]]uAsmawmh r[kwfygbl;/ q&marmifacsmEG,f&Jh  · PDF fileokH;a,mufaumif;uif jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rfrS wifqufonf/ armifopfrif; Miroslav Holub Vasko Popa Zbigniew Herbert

naecif;ü aoqkH;jcif;

jrifYoGm;? jrifYoGm;/

olr&JU aemufqkH;pum;vkH;rsm;rsufESmusufwavQmuf jzwfoef;oGm;Muwdrfwdkufrsm;yrm/eH&HuyfAD½dkidk/aty½Gef MuufoD;xtqkH;rJYwGif;eufwpfckudk jzwfoef;oGm;&ovdk/

jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf 8

Page 9: ]]uAsmawmh r[kwfygbl;/ q&marmifacsmEG,f&Jh  · PDF fileokH;a,mufaumif;uif jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rfrS wifqufonf/ armifopfrif; Miroslav Holub Vasko Popa Zbigniew Herbert

ed*kH;/ uav;i,frsm; tdyf&m0ifcJYMuNyD/

'gayr,fY oef;acgif,Hudk OD;wnfcsdefaoaewJYrdef;r xvmza,mif;wdkifawGudk vdkufNidrf;(olwdkYudk jzKef;wD;&wm emwmyJ)aemufqkH;ajcpGyfudk tjrefzmax;?eHUomAl;xJuolr&JUtaMuGjym;ig;q,fudk ½SmazGpm;yGJay:wif?AD½kdaemufrSmusaewJY uwfaMu;udk½SmazG?wESpfavmufuaysmufaecJYwJY?vuftdwfwpfzufudk ½SmazG?wHcg;vufudkifzkawGudk vdkufppf?a&ydkufacgif;udk aocsmydwf?aumfzDudk NyD;atmifaomuf?NyD;awmY jyefvJusoGm;cJYw,f/

reufusawmY olrudk olwdkY,loGm;Muw,frD;oN*ØK[fvdkufMuw,f/jympawGu Murf;wrf;ayYausmufrD;aoG;rIefYawGvdkyJ/ /

Miroslav Holub(armifopfrif; bmomjyefonf)

aty½Gef = rD;zdkacsmifokH; cg;pD;t0wf

jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf 9

Page 10: ]]uAsmawmh r[kwfygbl;/ q&marmifacsmEG,f&Jh  · PDF fileokH;a,mufaumif;uif jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rfrS wifqufonf/ armifopfrif; Miroslav Holub Vasko Popa Zbigniew Herbert

AkH;BuJNyD;aemuf ig;rdepf

yDvfqifNrdKUrSmESpfq,fYajcmufblwm½kHvrf;wpftdrfvkH;rSmusefcJYorQ 'gyJjzpfwJY avSum;twdkif;wwd,xyfudkwufoGm;olYtcef;wHcg;udkzGifYvdkufawmYvkH;0 rdk;aumif;uifBuD;omavSum;pGef;rS ai;&yfaerd'Dae&m[mjzifYurÇmavmuBuD; qkH;wJYt&yfyJ

jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf 10

Page 11: ]]uAsmawmh r[kwfygbl;/ q&marmifacsmEG,f&Jh  · PDF fileokH;a,mufaumif;uif jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rfrS wifqufonf/ armifopfrif; Miroslav Holub Vasko Popa Zbigniew Herbert

'geJYolYwHcg; olaocsmjyefydwfvdkufw,folYrD;zdkacsmifqDuqD&D,yf'grSr[kwf t,fvf'Dbm&ef udkwpfa,mufa,muf cdk;,lrSmpdk;vdkYatmufudkjyefqif;cJYw,fNyD;awmY olxdkifcsvdkufumapmifYqdkif;aeav&JUtdrfBuD;jyefxvmzdkYolYa,musfm; jymykHxJu jyefxvmzdkYolYuav;awG&JU ajcvufawG ae&mwusjyefwyfrdzdkY/

reufusawmY olYudk vlawGawGYMu&w,fausmufwkH;vdk NidrfoufvdkYpmuav;awGu olYvufudkqdwfvdkY/ /

Miroslav Holub(armifopfrif; bmomjyefonf)

qD&D,yf = aoabFmyJYwm&mt,fvf'Dbm&ef = a&m[eDwm&m

jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf 11

Page 12: ]]uAsmawmh r[kwfygbl;/ q&marmifacsmEG,f&Jh  · PDF fileokH;a,mufaumif;uif jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rfrS wifqufonf/ armifopfrif; Miroslav Holub Vasko Popa Zbigniew Herbert

Vasko Popa

Ampudkydkyg(1922 ZGef 29 - 1991 Zefe0g&D 5),l*dkqvyf EdkifiHom;? uAsmq&m eJY t,f'Dwm

jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf 12

Page 13: ]]uAsmawmh r[kwfygbl;/ q&marmifacsmEG,f&Jh  · PDF fileokH;a,mufaumif;uif jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rfrS wifqufonf/ armifopfrif; Miroslav Holub Vasko Popa Zbigniew Herbert

Mu,fai;ol&JUtarG

olYpum;awGu olYaemufrSm MuGif;usef&pfcJYMuurÇmBuD;xuf ydkrdkvSyb,folrS olwdkYudkai;MunfYzdkYr0HYpm;

tcsdef&JUtvSnfYtajymif;rSm olwdkYapmifYqdkif;MuolwdkYudk jrGufqdkEdkifwJYvlom;xkxuf ydkrdkBuD;jrwf

qGHYt ajrjyifay: olwdkYapmifYqdkif;Mub0&JUt½dk;rsm;xuf ydkrdkav;vHaojcif;w&m;uvnf;olwdkYudk r*FvmaMu;ES,f o,f,loGm;zdkY rpGrf;Edkif

b,folrS olwdkYudk MuGatmif r rEdkifb,folrS olwdkYudk jzKwfrcs

aMuGvGifYMu,fwdkY OD;acgif;awGudk0SufMuolYpum;awG&JU t&dyfawGxJrSm

Vasko Popa(armifopfrif; bmomjyefonf)

Mu,fai;ol = Stargazer eu©wfq&m? tmumooQwå&q&m?aA'if[l;&m; q&m[k,l&ef

olwdkY = Mu,fai;ol&JU pum;rsm; ...

jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf 13

Page 14: ]]uAsmawmh r[kwfygbl;/ q&marmifacsmEG,f&Jh  · PDF fileokH;a,mufaumif;uif jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rfrS wifqufonf/ armifopfrif; Miroslav Holub Vasko Popa Zbigniew Herbert

arYwwfwJYudef;wpfvkH;

wpf&Ha&mtcgu udef;wpfvkH;½SdowJYaevdk0dkif;puf pifMu,fowJY'gayr,fY txD;wnf; tvGefYudktxD;wnf;yJwJY

oludk,fol pwifwGufcsufowJY

oludk,folpm;vdkuf a`rSmufvdkufoludk,folEkwfvdkuf aygif;vdkufNyD; MuGif;&pfNrJ oltxD;wnf;yJwJY

olYudkolyJ wGufcsufrIawGudk &yfypfcJYNyD;oljyefydwfaecJYpifMu,frItjynfYeJY xGef;vif;0dkif;pufrIxJ

tjyifrSm olYwGufcsufrI&JUtMuGif;tuseftpteawGu yGufavm½dkufusef&pfowJY

olwdkYtcsif;csif; tarSmifxJrSm vdkufzrf;aeMuowJYolwdkYudk,folwdkY a`rSmuf&r,fY[mudk jyefpm;vdkYolwdkYudk,folwdkY aygif;&r,fY[mudk jyefEkwfvdkY

tarSmifxJrSm jzpfaeykHu tJY'Dvdk

NyD; olYudkawmif;yefr,fYol wpfa,mufrSr½Sdbl;wGufudef;awGudk&yfcdkif;zdkYNyD;awmY olwdkYudk zsufay;zdkY

Vasko Popa (armifopfrif; bmomjyefonf)

jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf 14

Page 15: ]]uAsmawmh r[kwfygbl;/ q&marmifacsmEG,f&Jh  · PDF fileokH;a,mufaumif;uif jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rfrS wifqufonf/ armifopfrif; Miroslav Holub Vasko Popa Zbigniew Herbert

pdwfBuD;0ifaewJY trSm;wpfck

w&Ha&mtcgu trSm;wpfck½SdowJYtvGefrdkufrJ tvGefao;i,fordkYb,folrSolYudk owdrjyKrdMuwJYtxdyJ

olUudkoljrifzdkU olUtoH olMum;zdkUol rpGrf;Edkif½Smbl;

trSefpifppf olr½Sdbll;qdkwmoufaojy½kHoufouft&m&mtrsdK;rsdK;udk olwDxGifvdkufowJY

[if;vif;jyifudk olwDxGifvdkufowJYolUoufaojycsufawG oGwfoGif;zdkYNyD; olY oufaojycsufawG xdef;odrf;zdkY tcsdef&,folYoufaojycsufawG jrifEdkifzdkY urÇm&,f

olYwDxGifrI[mraygYysufvSbl;rao;i,fvSbl;'gayr,fY rSm;wmygyJ

wjcm;aum bmjzpfEdkifOD;rSmvJ

Vasko Popa(armifopfrif; bmomjyefonf)

jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf 15

Page 16: ]]uAsmawmh r[kwfygbl;/ q&marmifacsmEG,f&Jh  · PDF fileokH;a,mufaumif;uif jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rfrS wifqufonf/ armifopfrif; Miroslav Holub Vasko Popa Zbigniew Herbert

ykHjyifwpfyk'f&JUykHjyif

w&Ha&mtcgu ykHjyifwpfyk'f½SdowJY

olYed'gef;rpcifolYed*kH;a&mufvmowJYolYed*kH;tqkH;rSmolYed'gef;pwifowJY

aoqkH;NyD;rSolYZmwfvdkufawG 0ifvmMuowJYolYudkrarG;zGm;cifrSmxGufcGmoGm;MujyefowJY

olYZmwfvdkufawG ajymMu qdkMuurÇmajrtaMumif; aumif;uiftaMumif;taMumif;t&mrsdK;pkH olwdkYajymMuowJY

olwdkYrajymEdkifwmwpfckuolwdkYudk,fwdkifvnf;rodolwdkYykHjyifxJrSm Zmwfvdkufrsm;omjzpfMuw,fqdkwmygyJ

ed'gef; rpcifrSmed*kH;a&mufvmowJYed*kH;tqkH;rSmed'gef;pwifowJYykHjyifxJrSm

Vasko Popa(armifopfrif; bmomjyefonf)

jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf 16

Page 17: ]]uAsmawmh r[kwfygbl;/ q&marmifacsmEG,f&Jh  · PDF fileokH;a,mufaumif;uif jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rfrS wifqufonf/ armifopfrif; Miroslav Holub Vasko Popa Zbigniew Herbert

yg;eyfwJYBwd*Hwpfck

w&Ha&mtcgu Bwd*Hwpfck½SdowJYolYrSm tem;okH;zuf½SdowJYpwkw¬tem;udk ol0Sufxm;owJYawmufyaewJY olYA[dkcsufxJrSm

aeYtcg rsOf;okH;aMumif;ay: olwG,fwufolYA[dkcsufudk tjrwfwEkd;MunfYowJYntcgoltem;,lowJYolYaxmifYokH;axmifYxJu wpfaxmifYrSm

t½kPfOD;rSmawmY tem;okH;ckudk olapmifYMunfYcJYawmufywJY bD;okH;bD;tjzpfajymif;vJoGm;jyefrvmawmYwJY tjyma&miftjzpfaysmufuG,foGm;MuykHudk

olYpwkw¬tem;udk olxkwf,lokH;Budrferf; okH;BudrfcsdK;NyD; olYae&ma[mif;rSmyJ jyef0Sufxm;vdkufowJY

'geJY olYrSmtem;okH;zuf½Sdjyefa&m

aeYtcg olYrsOf;aMumif;ay: wG,fwufjyefolYA[dkcsufudk tjrwfwEdk;MunfYjyefntcg oltem;,ljyefolYaxmifYokH;axmifYxJu wpfaxmifYxJrSm

Vasko Popa(armifopfrif; bmomjyefonf)

jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf 17

Page 18: ]]uAsmawmh r[kwfygbl;/ q&marmifacsmEG,f&Jh  · PDF fileokH;a,mufaumif;uif jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rfrS wifqufonf/ armifopfrif; Miroslav Holub Vasko Popa Zbigniew Herbert

orf;a0rIrsm;&JU orf;a0rI

w&Ha&mtcgu orf;a0rIwpfck½SdowJYtmacgifatmufrSmr[kwf OD;xkyfatmufrSmr[kwfyg;pyfxJrSmr[kwf b,fxJrSmrS r[kwf

ol[m t&mtm;vkH;xufBuD;rm;oludk,fwdkif&JUBuD;rm;rIxuf ydkrdkBuD;rm;

rMumrMumolYxdkif;rdIif;wJYtarSmifxk arQmfvifYcsufuif;wJYtarSmifxkarQmfvifYcsufuif;rJYum [dkem;'Dem;vif;vufMu,fyGifYawGvdkY awG;xifp&m

wpf&Ha&mtcgu orf;a0rIwpfck½SdowJYorf;a0rIyDyD NiD;pDpDxm0&wnfwHYr,fawmYxif&

Vasko Popa(armifopfrif; bmomjyefonf)

jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf 18

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Zbigniew Herbert

ZApf*nL; [m;Auf(1924 atmufwdkbm 29 - 1998 *sLvdkif 28 )ydkvefEdkifiHom;? uAsmq&m eJY jyZmwfa&;q&m

jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf 19

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rsuf&nfESpfpuf

]awmtkyfawG rD;avmifaecdkufrSm ESif;qDyef;rsm;twGufylaqG;wrf;waezdkY tcsdefr½Sdbl;} qvdk0uúD

awmtkyfawG rD;avmifaeNyDodkYayr,fYvnf; olwdkYwpfa,mufvnfyif;udkwpfa,mufvufeJY yef;ukH;pGwfxm;MuESif;qDyef;pnf;awGvdkyJvlawG tumtuG,f½Sd&m ajy;MuNyD-olYtajymuawmY olYZeD;qHyif&JUeuf½Idif;rIxJ vkHatmifykef;EkdifowJY/apmifwpfxnfNcHK&if;t½SufrJYpum;vkH;awG wD;wdk;½GwfMucspfwwfolwdkY&JU rEÅefayy/

tajctaeqdk;vmcsdefrSmawmYwpfa,mufrsufvkH;xJ wpfa,mufckef0ifNyD; wif;usyfpGm rSdwfxm;vdkufMuw,f/

tvGefwif;usyfpGmrSdwfxm;awmY rD;vQHawG&JU'PfudkrcHpm;&bl;rD;vQHawG olwdkYrsufawmifarT;rsm;qD wufvmwJYtcgrSmav/

tqkH;txd olwdkY&J&ifYMutqkH;txd olwdkY,kHMunfpdwfjyif;jyMutqkH;txd olwdkYxyfwlxyfrQjzpfMursufESm&JU tpGef;wpfae&mrSm wG,fuyfoGm;MuwJYrsuf&nfESpfpufvdkyJ/

Zbigniew Herbert (armifopfrif; bmomjyefonf)

jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf 20

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Zbigniew Herbert(armifopfrif; bmomjyefonf)

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Zbigniew Herbert(armifopfrif; bmomjyefonf)

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Zbigniew Herbert(armifopfrif; bmomjyefonf)

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Zbigniew Herbert(armifopfrif; bmomjyefonf)

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