topocad magazine april 2010

The TOP file contains more

Get to know Topocad and its modules

News in Topocad 12

The Topocad history

SPRING 2010

TOPOCAD magaZine

Topocad for machine control & machine guidance

Topocad point clouds and scanning

"We wouldn't manage without Topocad"

http://topographi.blogspot.com/

TOPOCAD magaZineSPRING2010

As you grow older and actually can start to look back in time, you see that there has been a lot of development during the years. This year will be my 20th year in the business. The first survey I made was the first GPS measured digital terrain model in Sweden ever. It was back in 1990, on a fairly flat surface around a parking lot and a lawn, outside a convention centre in Gothenburg. Back then, we downloaded the data and calculated a DTM from this survey. Fantastic. A couple of weeks ago I held a training course for a group of surveyors and mappers, and when we introduced ourselves, one of the surveyors said: “I began my first employment at this office, in December 1965. Back then we didn’t have that much theodolites”. I guess not. It’s only 45 years ago but still, it is a lifetime of work. Since 1990 the speed of development has been high, of course, and sometimes you think that, now, this is it, we cannot go further, it is good enough! During the last 20 years the GPS has really burst into bloom. Today, I have 1 GPS with map in my car, two others in my boats and I actually have 2 GPS receivers with maps in my pockets at the time of writing. Built in my two mobile phones. And if the satellites go down I can make a rather good interpretation of my position from the mobile phone connections anyway. I remember when the robotic total stations came, it was first named “robotic” station. I made a lot of work towards a Geodimeter 468DR back in 1992-1993. The one-man station came and concurred, at least up here in the Nordic where you cannot find anything else than the one-man stations today. After that we had to wait a while for the next big innovation step. Some connections between GPS and total stations were made but it took some time to get them up and running. However, as I see it, the next big thing was the scanning and LIDAR. You haven’t bought one yet? Well, you will. Most probably. On the digital side, I talk computers, we have seen them get smaller and smaller and faster and faster – and less expensive!The Internet, of course, has changed our lifes forever in an amazing way. Google and Google Maps.Looking at the development being done here at Chaos systems, one notice that we have never developed as fast as today. Topocad has become a great software, from CAD and survey calculation to digital terrain modeling, contouring, design, cross sections, net adjustment to different database adapters for ArcGIS and FDO and now to a scanning interface.I love Topocad! Well I should, I have seen it as a baby and now it is a teenager. Topocad really is an excellent tool whatever you use it for and it is fantastic to have thousands of users using your software – daily! Welcome to this issue of Topocad magaZine! And also, welcome to the Int’l training we arrange in June 16-18 in Stockholm Archipelago!

Sincerely yours,Tomas SandströmPartner of Chaos systems

Development!Content2 Development!3 The TOP file contains more4 "We wouldn't manage without Topocad"6 Machine control and machine guidance7 International training course 7 Point clouds and scanning8 Get to know Topocad and its modules10 The Topocad history11 News in Topocad 1212 Tips & Trix, Contact information

Cover picture: The Chaos days 2010

Topocad magaZine is published by Chaos systems

Responsible publisher: Tomas Sandström [email protected]: Anja Jonasson [email protected]: Franz Smidek [email protected]

Edition: 2 000

Main office: Chaos systems Solna strandväg 14, 6tr171 54 SOLNASWEDEN Phone: +46 8 410 415 00Support: +46 8 290 660 Fax: +46 8 290 666 www.chaos.se [email protected]

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As you notice, the TOP file becomes bigger than DWG and DGN when you save it on your hard disk. Why is that? Well, it contains more.

It contains more data than ordinary CAD drawings, it contains a lot more data than coordinate files and it actually contains more data than GIS files like Shape or Mapinfo files.

So what do different format contain? To start with, all files we discuss here contains X and Y-coordinates. But that is the only thing they have in common! A coordinate file, typically used by the surveyor, contains what is important for the surveyor. X, Y and also Z (height) coordinates. Point number and Point code. It might also have some special code and perhaps some attribute data.

What about drawing files?Drawing files contain quite much. Except for X, Y and Z coordinates they also contain layer information, colour, line type, block and geometry as line, curve and circle. Attributes may be there but then only as attributes connected to the block.

The TOP file contains more

Typical GISA typical GIS file, as Shape files, contains X, Y and possibly Z, information about the type of object and layer names (divided in separate files) and a lot of attribute data. Not much more, no colours, no blocks, no line types. So it is three words of data that is quite far away from each other.

So what does the TOP file contain?TOP - as the coordinate file - contains X, Y, Z, Point Id, Point Code. TOP - as the drawing file - contain layers, colours, line types, blocks (symbols), texts, line widths, arcs, circles, polylines, polygons, splines, dimensions, etc. As the GIS file it contains all kinds of attribute data connected to any type of object, not only blocks. It does not end here, the TOP file also contains individual settings for each attribute shown in the drawing/map and it also contains imported road lines with spirals.

The TOP file is an intelligent hybrid between all these different types of data sources and you will not lose data going to Topocad but you will most probably lose data when you export from.



Joakim Sköld, a survey technician at SVEAB, has used Topocad for almost four years. Topocad is one of his most important tools.

SVEAB is a full service company that handles commissions of great variety. In one of their latest projects their assignment is to build a passage for pedestrians and cyclists under the railroad at the Central station in Uppsala. This project is part of the Travel center Uppsala. The work began in February 2006 and is scheduled to finish in March 2010. - I use Topocad daily for volume calculation and

control of quantities and areas, says Joakim Sköld. In my department we would not manage without Topocad. For example, we use the programme to convert the DWG files we receive from constructors and architects. We convert data, that usually was created with AutoCAD, to our total stations and GPS for stake out and survey. We check that the scales are correct so that we can provide the working sites with correct data. If the drawing lacks coordinates we try to place coordinates in Topocad. We use the same programme to calculate the volumes of the excavations and to create bases for stake out and billing.

Do you have any favorite functions?

- A function I appreciate a lot is the option to add or remove parts of a polygon. For us, this facilitates the handling of areas and dotted land considerably. The polygon handles both holes – polygons within the polygon – and islands – polygons outside the polygon. Polygons are supported when importing/exporting through, among others, ISM and ArcGIS connectors.

- I also frequently use the function to build up a terrain model in 3D, insert height on the lines and also study the terrain models in 3D. With the help of different colour levels and 3D I notice immediately if something is incorrect or if a point has ended up in the wrong place.

Do you have any tips for new Topocad users?

- It is fairly easy to get started in Topocad. I worked with the programme for about two years before I took

”We wouldn’t manage without Topocad”

SVEAB is building a passage for pedestrians and cyclists under the railroad at the Central station in Uppsala.


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my first training-course. I would recommend new users to join a basic training-course. For me, even though I was familiar with the programme, the course was a real eye-opener. I learned to do things more smoothly and quicker, for example using one key stroke instead of, like earlier, three to four separate steps.

Is there anything you miss in the programme?

- I think Topocad fulfils my needs. It feels like it is cut out for my work. I can study the terrain in 3D, but sometimes I wish that I also could use the programme to create drawings in 3D, says Joakim Sköld.

By Franz Smidek

Topocad and building contractorsTopocad is used to a great extent by different types of building contractors, house as well as establishment.

The contractors are important customers who have great influence on the develop-ment of Topocad, and Chaos systems tries to make all stages of work as smooth as possible.

This project is part of the Travel center Uppsala. The work began in February 2006 and is scheduled to finish in March 2010. "I use Topocad daily for volume calculation and control of quantities and areas" says Joakim Sköld.


Machine control is used a lot in some of the northern countries. With a machine control or guidance system in the excavator or other machines at the construction site you can easily follow where your bucket or plane is according to your designed road or excavation.

The systems on the market works great; you adapt sensors on your stick and boom, put a GPS or two on and plug it into your computer and off you go! Perhaps not that easily, but for the last couple of years the development of the existing systems has been fast and many of the systems are working very well now. It is also much easier to adapt on the machines. Machine systems on the market is Trimble, Topcon, Georog, DigPilot, Novatron and others.

At Chaos systems we follow this line of business with great interest and we have for several years made it possible to export data to the machine control systems there is. There are a few different types of data that can be used in the Machine control systems:

• Digital Terrain Model, the easiest data type. Create a DTM in Topocad and send it to the machine control

Topocad for machine control and machine guidance

systems via LandXML format. It works fine for all systems and is very easy to use. The DTM has some disadvantages for road geometry but in Topocad we take care of these problems. If you send a DTM from a calculated cross section file (TCS) it is possible to create triangles with small distance between to avoid the fault in road geometry calculation compared to a DTM.

• Road geometry, road lines (TRL) and road profiles, vertical longitudinal sections (TRP) can be sent to the machine control systems using the LandXML file.

• Cross sections, cross sections design can be sent to the machine control systems via LandXML or to Georog system via the MBS format. For this we have set up three different methods to send data; point list 2D (PntList2D), cross section point (CrossSectPnt) and lines. The line method is probably the most used one and it creates road lines, road profiles or 3D polylines for each line inside the cross sections.

As a Topocad user you can trust the way we work with the machine control systems and we are always in the front of the development of different methods and formats to use for the machine control systems!


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Stensnäs

From Topocad version 12.2 we will be able to handle large scanning files! It will be a new module that will be able to use LAS files from scanning instruments as well as other file formats such as PTS, XYZ and other ASCII files. We will make our own internal format .TPC (Topocad Point Cloud), an indexed file with functions for import of other scanning file formats as LAS files. The TPC file will be possible to use instead of or in combination with DTM files:

1. Terrain cross section creation, use a TPC file instead of or in combination with one or several DTM files. The cross sections will be created from the DTM’s where they exist and from the TPC file in other cases. Of course it will be possible to use both for terrain sections only as well as designed cross sections using a section template.

2. Terrain profile, when you need a terrain profile (terrain longitudinal vertical section) you select to create this from the TPC file instead of a DTM.

3. When you create a DTM from a PTS file, you will be able to select parts of the PTS file to create a DTM from this to use it as a DTM in all other commands.

4. Volume calculation by model, calculates volumes between a flat surface to a PTS file or from a DTM file towards a PTC file.

5. Create contours directly from a PTC file.

In Topocad 12.2 item number 1, 2, 3 and 4 from the list above will be available. Item number 5, Create contours, is scheduled to a later release. With Topocad point clouds we take an important step towards meeting the modern way of achieving data. We see that the demand from our users is high to find a way

Topocad point clouds and scanning!

to handle huge point cloud files in a standard way. They need to be able to handle these files for cross sections and profiles and also for other traditional methods in mapping and design.

This will give all of our users a simple way to handle huge amounts of point cloud data to create traditional cross sections, profiles, volume calculations and contours!

International training course, June 16-18, 2010!

→ Register at chaos.se

Place: Stockholm Archipelago, Stensnäs conference centre

Take part of the Int’l training course! Three days Topocad training: compressed training with basic module, survey calculation, CAD, transformation, road lining, terrain modeling, profiles, cross sectioning, road section templates, handle point clouds, city planning module, FDO adapter to databases, macro module and more.

Enjoy Stockholm archipelago during the lightest nights in the year! Social events during the week are sailing, sauna and boat tour.

Price: Accomodation and meals: 199€ per dayTopocad training: 399€ for 3 days



Get to know Topocad and all its modules

Base moduleThe Topocad Base module contains a complete CAD, communication towards total stations, levellers, GPS instrument. It also provides the user with dimensioning, transformation, code table, terrain modeling, contour lines, road lining, export/import to a number of file formats, LandXML and a built-in 3D viewer

Topocad reader & reader PLUSTopocad reader is a TOP viewer and can communicate towards an instrument and calculation of survey data. Also, import of files and export of some file formats is possible. Topocad reader PLUS is Topocad reaser plus possibility to import and export DWG/DXF.

Topocad engineerTopocad engineer is a smaller version of the base module, and contains foundation CAD, the most of Topocad´s CAD engine, communication towards instrument, calculation of survey data and import/export of files.

What is Topocad?Topocad is a CAD system developed for surveying calculations, COGO, transformation and for mapping, design and GIS connectivity.

A system made for surveyors and designersTopocad is a true object orientated CAD system especially made for survey, calculation, mapping and design. Topocad has been developed by an experienced team of engineers which resulted that the development of Topocad started from a surveyor's point of view. Whether you are a civil engineer or a landscape architect, a surveyor, a tunnel designer or a database manager, Topocad has the right application for your job.

The Topocad modules are "add-on" packages that increase the field of applications. Topocad is a user friendly and easy to learn CAD tool. You don't have to work with it every day to be in control. Being on the market for several years, Topocad has reached many thousands of users in more than 100 countries and is translated into more than 17 languages. The Topocad maintenance agreement keeps you up to date with the latest developments.

ProfileThe Topocad Profile contains profile form, interpretation and editing of profile, heights on road lines and surface check. The module is not only used for creating professional profile forms

but also for creation of the profiles from surveys, from profile form and terrain profiles, it handles camber and cross falls and really everything that has something to do with vertical heights on long-stretched objects as road lines, railways, pipes,


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canals, ditches, etc. With this module you can also calculate surfaces and make a surface check towards a road for instance.Requires the Base module.

Volume modelWith the Volume model, volume calculation between two terrain models is possible, and also between excavation bottom and two terrain models. Requires the Base module.

Volume cross sectionVolume cross section contains section templates, calculation of cross sections, editing of cross sections with interactive

volume calculation, export to DTM, export to 3D lines and sections in a drawing, export to LandXML for machine control. Requires Base module and Profile.

TunnelCalculation of tunnel terrain models, tunnel section templates and tunnel cross sections are some of the things that are possible in the Topocad Tunnel module. Requires Profile.

Net adjustmentThe interface of the Net Adjustment module calculates all kinds of differences in your database using the Least Square Adjustment method. Calculation of networks, simulation of net, error reports, search for gross errors, export to drawing and to PP file are some of the most important functions. A very useful tool for calculating and generating data coming from small construction sites to a regional covered network of control points. Requires Base module.

Database adapter ArcGISWith Topocad database adapter – for ArcGIS you are able to connect the ArcSDE, or the personal Geo database, directly to and from Topocad via ArcGIS client. Topocad reads and writes the database and makes a long transaction from the database with all the CAD possibilities to edit and upgrade the data. Requires Base module.

Database adapter FDOTopocad database adapter FDO reads and writes to a number of databases via the open source FDO database connection. It uses the open source FDO from Open Source GEO, which

has been adapted to Topocad and makes it possible to access data from several different geospatial data sources in the state of geospatial databases and file formats. Requires Base module.

Civil planning The Civil planning module has functions to create intelligent objects through compound commands, functions to allow features on areas, all according to the country standard, and self defined features. It contains the Macro module and usage of properties direct to objects in the drawing and a special way to handle legends. Requires Base module and Macro module.

Macro moduleThe Macro module creates compound commandos from a few different initial varieties. Select if line shall be closed, filled, start on a certain point number, and if it shall have codes and attributes. Create different lines, points, symbols and text, and copy and make changes on existing objects. Menus can be created and you can alternate between them directly in the macro toolbox. Requires Base module.

Field surveyTopocad module makes it easy to connect your drawing to your GPS receiver. This enables you to use all the powerful desktop functionalities of Topocad in the field. The field module is for survey and stake out of data direct to/from the drawing with connection to a GPS instrument using NMEA 0183, and you can navigate directly in the drawing. Requires Engineer or Base module.

RailwayThe Railway module adds rail functionality to Topocad. Calculation for cant, slew/lift, overlap measurement, use of length tables and report of exchange points are functions that help you to measure and view your results the best way.Requires Profile.



In late 1993 Chaos systems was founded, we got a CAD management contract for the huge infrastructure project the Northern link in Stockholm. This gave us the possibility to start the company and already from the beginning we had an idea to develop a CAD software with integrated functions for survey calculation, communication and with integrated digital terrain model as well as road geometry calculation.

In May 1994 the first code string was written for Topocad. Not even 8 months later, in January 12, 1995, we shipped the first 92 licenses already sold at that time, without anyone seeing it for real yet. Topocad 1.0 was not that much compared to today, but anyway, it was a new thing then. It was 32bit Windows, it was a true CAD and it was made for surveying and mapping. The TOP format was already then bigger in that way that it contains more data than other formats in this line of business. This thing with 32bit wasn’t that easy at the time. Windows 95 didn’t come before end of 1995 so we had to use the 16bit operation system Windows 3.11 with a feature called win32s. Not so compliant, not so steady, so it gave us a lot of headache until Windows 95 came. Windows NT worked fine though.

Since then, Topocad has been steadily developed and we have put many many thousands of hours behind the development. And we have got thousands and thousands of users of Topocad since then. Almost every year one version has been released. But if you count, 2009 with release 12 and back to 1995 with release 1 we have 14 years but only 12 versions. 1997 was a year without release due to many new modules and also 2000 was a year without any new release.

The design modules – Road profile (longitudinal section), Volume Model (Volumes by digital terrain models) and the Volume Section was the first modules to be released. Already in 1996 we had parts of them. Volume section was the first – and that is why the Volume section has module number 01!

Later, we found out that we needed to split the Volume section in two modules – the profile became its own module – with module number 02 and right after that the Volume Model with module number 03. A year after that the Net adjustment module came with number 04. You can almost see the history in module numbers, but a couple of the numbers have been there and then replaced so the module number 07 (Engineer) has replaced the 3D module which now is embedded in the Base module, module number 06 which now is Reader PLUS was former a digitizing add-on module. So the Tunnel module

with number 05 was actually the fifth module and why the base module is number 08 – well think of that…

In 2001 the Survey module had been that much, with all CAD, communication, terrain model, road geometry – and then there was a need for less functionality for a much smaller price. So we had to make a module of the base module (08) and licenses without module became the Topocad Reader. Then Topocad junior or in Mapsuite+ words the Mapsuite+ Foundation. At the same time we cut the functions of Volume sections in two – terrain sections and theoretic sections – so the terrain sections (only) was made module number 09. The modules 10, 11, 12 and 13 was smaller add-on’s with point database, map sheet reader.

In 2004 we made our first database connection together with the Swedish company Spatial technology with connection to their ISM (Independent Spatial Management) adapter to Oracle. This gave us a lot of knowledge into this world and a couple of years after that we got a question from the Swedish Land Survey to make an adapter to ArcSDE from ESRI. Said and done. It was ready 2006 and with this we got really into the mapping and GIS world and we have hundreds of users working with this adapter every day. The latest database adapter we developed was the Open Source adapter FDO (Feature Data Operation) which was made to Topocad release 11.3, June 2009. It connects to many different databases such as Oracle, SQL server, PostGIS/PostGreSQL, MySQL and others and gives the user access to open different datasets from completely different databases.

Since January 12, 1995 a lot of things have happened with Topocad. It has become a really good CAD made for surveying, mapping and design. It is a CAD closer to GIS than many GIS packages, integrates surveying with civil planning and design without any thresholds to climb. It has been installed in, what we know, more than 100 counties to many thousands of users. I have been with Topocad since day one. It is slightly older than my oldest son and yes, I feel proud of Topocad and I am very pleased to hear that so many users are working enjoyably with Topocad every day at work, and perhaps also on their off duty time!Enjoy.

Tomas SandströmSales manager and partner of Chaos systems

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The company was founded, under the name SMT

The first module, the Volume model, is released

The first database connection is released, ISM

The latest database adapter is released, FDO

Topocad 12.1.1 is here and the development is still steady

Chaos systems celebrates 15 years at the Chaos Days

New Topocad logo

Topocad version 4.0 year 2000

Topocad 1.0 - the first version of Topocad is released

The company chages name to Chaos systems

The Topocad history


TOPOCAD magaZine

SPRING2010

News in Topocad 12

Generally

• The system files (symbols, line types, code table and attribute) can now be saved and used as XML-files and also as a collected XML-file. It makes it easier for you to see what they contain. It also makes it easier to distribute data between different users.

CAD

• New function for intelligent COGO functionality as a tool box.

• Copy a whole drawing, or parts of it, and paste it directly in another drawing.

• Associative dimensioning: the measurement knows when the object is edited.

• Improved print functionality.• Automatic start of the stretch commad when selecting

the same object twice, or when pasting an object in a drawing.

• More lineweights. • New command to copy attributes.• New command to get object heights from attribute. • New command to save drawing sheet as template.• Possibility to edit attributes for several points. • Possibility to get attributes from object to drawing

stamp. • Possibility to snap to object centre. • Possibility to offset road lines. • Possibility to freeze layers in external references

directly in drawing. • Possibility to copy object from external references to

drawing. • Legend can automatically add columns if the space

ends. • Command for edit Legend remembers last used text

height. • New button in Legend command to add all visible

civil properties. • Coordinate list in Legend uses the number of decimals

that is set in system/project settings.• Drawings with external references always generates

XR files.

Sectioning and machine control

• New way to handle the section template and sections; outer slopes are built into the template and this makes it possible to handle the otherwise tricky drainage trench that is located under the centre of the trench or in its proximity.

• Export of cross section data to MBS file for Georog machine control.

ArcSDE

• Possibility to show the geographical limitation of maps.

ISM


• New dialogue for searches in database.

FDO


Civil planning

• The legend editor has a preview button and can work with parallel columns.

• Lines can be made to always stay on top independently from surfaces.

Import and export

• Export to LandXML for inRail (length tables)• Import/export of roadlines from Novapoint. • Import/export of profiles from Novapoint. • Possibility to set deafault catalogue for DWG/DXF

fonts. • Empty drawing sheets is not imported from DWG/

DXF. • Export of crossfall to Leica 1100 and 1200.• DWG version 2010 import and export.• Survey data • Better support for handling GPS-transformations.• 3D view• Can handle text and terrain models (in CAD).• Macro Module

Survey data

• New command to calculate GPS data and survey data at the same time. (Possibility to use calculated GPS data as backsights.)

Output

• Possibility to semi-automatic fetch attribute data from objects in the drawing to the drawing sheet.

Road line

• New command to create meta data.• New function to make a more exact adjustment in the

road line editor. • Possibility to transform road lines.



IQPC Stockholm May 31- June 1 Chaos Int’l training Stockholm June 16-18INTERGEO Cologne October 5-7Trimble Dimensions Las Vegas, November 8-10

Phone: +46 8 410 415 00 Support: +46 8 290 660 Fax: +46 8 290 666Website: www.chaos.se E-mail: [email protected]: [email protected]: [email protected]

Contact us

Resellers

Calender

Export to formats like PDF – how you distribute drawings and outlines easier to those who does not have a CAD programme.

Since PDF is not vector based it is difficult to export to this format from Topocad. A way to solve this, however, is to install a PDF printer and then you print your drawing directly to it. A free version of a PDF printer is Cute PDF – www.cutepdf.com.

How do you work easier with prints?You can either control lines and colours with the help of line tablets or directly according to the drawing. When printing you can choose to follow the pen tablet or According to object = as in your drawing. Show/hide different object when drawing – the easiest way to do this is to create layer collections where layer is on/off. You can choose a layer collection for each view in the print. Then, of course, you can create your own drawing templates that look like you want them to.

When it comes to forms/prints there are a lot of things you can do to simplify them: • Create more finished templates – you find

them as default in the folder C:\Program Files\Chaos systems\Topocad 11\Sheets\SV\ - they can be edited and created. (Ordinary TOP-files)

• You find coordinate marks in the out data menu. By using feature (select – right-click) you can decide if you want north arrow and scale stock in each view.

• In out data you also find Key, where you can add symbols, lines, coordinate lists and text.

• For a fast way to light and darken layers you create layer collections. Each drawing view can have its own layer collection to show different layers.

Tips and Tricks in Topocad

BANGLADESHOverseas Marketing Corporation (PVT) LTDMr M. A. Mannan Bhuiyanomc@citechco net

BELGIUMBDTMr Antoine Tusset [email protected]

Sookia NVMr Bregt De Bruyn [email protected]

BOSNIAGeoWild Mr Zelyko Gulijageowild@bih net.ba

BRAZILNovaterra Mr Eduardo Paco www novaterrageo.com.br [email protected]

CROATIAGeomatika-Smolcak d.o.o. Mr Nenad Smolcaknsmolcak@geomatika-smolcak hr

DENMARKDoroconMr Ronald [email protected]

FINLANDNovatron Oy Mr Visa [email protected]

Geostar Oy Mr Olavi Laakso [email protected]

JORDANMiddle East Group for Business Mr Nidal Zawatiwww [email protected]

KENYAGeosoft Associates Mr James S. [email protected]

LITHUANIAHNIT-BALTIC GeoInfoServisasMr Audrius [email protected]

NETHERLANDSTopcon Sokkia Nederland Mr Jos Heesakker jos heesakker@topconsokkia nl

NEW ZEELAND Optical Services LimitedMr Alex Felgatealex [email protected] nz

PAKISTANCHAUDHERY BROTHERSMr Muhammad Masood masood@brain net.pk

ROMANIATopotradeMr Mircea Simoiu infotopotrade@rdslink ro

RUSSIAGSI, Geostroyizyskanya Mr Vasiliy Galakhov galakhov@gsi ru

SERBIAGeomer Group Mr Borko [email protected]

SWITZERLANDTopo Center Mr François [email protected]

UNITED KINGDOMChris Little survey equipment LTD Mr Chris Little [email protected]

ESS Safeforce / Sokkia Uk Mr Gary Ridsdale gary [email protected]

Precision Geomatic Ltd (PGL) Mrs Gwyneth Bell [email protected]


topocad magazine april 2010

Technology