TIMELINE OF THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY FROM SPANISH ERA -

JAPANESE ERA

SUBMITTED BY:

• AZARCON, RENITO JR. P.

• CABALLERO, DENNIS C.

• CRUZ, DIANNE KIMBERLY F.

• RAGUINDIN, DANIELA JANE E.

• REALCO, JOHN MICHAEL B.

• SANTOS, JULES ARGIE B.

I-A EDUC

SUBMITTED TO:

PROFESSOR JENNIFER UMALI - GARCIA

TIMELINE OF THE SPANISH ERA IN THE PHILIPINES

SPANISH COLONIAL ERA, BEGINS WITH THE ARRIVAL IN 1521 OF

EUROPEAN EXPLORER FERDINAND MAGELLAN SAILING FOR SPAIN,

WHICH HERALDED THE PERIOD WHEN THE PHILIPPINES WAS A

COLONY OF THE SPANISH EMPIRE, AND ENDS WITH THE OUTBREAK OF

THE SPANISH–AMERICAN WAR IN 1898, WHICH MARKED THE

BEGINNING OF THE AMERICAN COLONIAL ERA OF PHILIPPINE HISTORY.

1600s-1800s - The Philippines under Spanish Rule

1560-1820s - Challenges to Spanish authority

1600-1800s - Cultural Changes and identity

Mid 1700s-1900s - The beginning of Filipino Nationalism

1882-1892 - The campaign reforms

1892-1896 - Bonifacio and the katipunan

TIMELINE OF THE AMERICAN ERA IN THE PHILIPPINES

THE U.S. OCCUPATION (1898-1946) THE FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC

WAS SHORT-LIVED. SPAIN HAD LOST A WAR WITH THE UNITED STATES.

THE PHILIPPINES WAS ILLEGALLY CEDED TO THE UNITED STATES AT

THE TREATY OF PARIS FOR US$20 MILLION, TOGETHER WITH CUBA AND

PUERTO RICO.

1898

• FEBRUARY 28 - Roosevelt cabled Dewey to make Hong Kong his base of operations

• APRIL 11 – President McKinley recommended direct American intervention in Cuba to the US Congress.

• APRIL 23 – Aguinaldo with Gregorio del Pilar and J. Leyba, secretly went to Singapore and arrived there.

• APRIL 25 – Spanish-American War began.

- Commodore George Dewey, upon orders of President McKinley, proceeded immediately to the Philippines with a squadron of four armored cruisers, two gunboats, and a revenue cutter.

• MAY 1 – They entered Manila in the early morning.

• MAY 17 – The shift left and arrived in Cavite two days later. Immediately, Aguinaldo was taken aboard the Olympia, where he was accorded honors due to a general.

• MAY 21 – Two days after he arrived, Aguinaldo in a letter advised the people to “respect foreigners and their properties, also enemies who surrender. If we do not conduct ourselves thus, the Americans will decide to sell us or else divide up our territory as they will hold us incapable of governing our land; we shall not secure our liberty: rather than contrary, our own soil will be delivered over to other hands.”

• JUNE 2 – General Artemio Ricarte accepted the surrender of the Spanish commanding general in Cavite.

• JUNE 12 – Philippine Independence was proclaimed.

• JUNE 18 – Aguinaldo issued a decree reorganizing local governments in areas liberated from Spain.

• OCTOBER 1 – Peace commissioners of Spain and the US met in Paris, France to draft a peace treaty in Paris.

• NOVEMBER 29 – The Malolos Congress approved the Constitution.

• DECEMBER 21 – President William McKinley announced his decision to keep the Philippines as an American colonial possession.

1899

• JANUARY 20 – President McKinley appointed the First Philippine Commission (the Schurman Commission), to investigate conditions in the islands and make recommendations.

• JANUARY 21 – The Malolos Constitution was promulgated due to Mabini’s objections.

• JANUARY 23 – The first Philippine Republic or Malolos Republic was inaugurated in Malolos, with Aguinaldo as its first president.

• FEBRUARY 4 – An American sentry, Private William W. Grayson, with another soldier, encountered three armed Filipinos on a bridge in San Juan Del Monte near Manila.

1900

• MARCH 16 – To facilitate the implementation of the recommendation of the Schurman Commission, President McKinley created the Second Philippine Commission which was popularly known as the Taft Commission.

1901

• MARCH 2 – The military government in the Philippines ceased to exist when United States Congress enacted the Army Appropriations Act.

• DECEMBER 25 – All men and women and children of the towns of Batangas and Laguna, were herded into small areas within the Poblacion of their respective towns and were kept prisoners for months.

 

1902

• FEBRUARY 27 – General Vicente Lukban, who resorted to ambushing American troops in Samar, was captured in Samar.

• APRIL 16 – General Malvar surrendered to General J. Franklin Bell in Lipa, Batangas.

• JULY 4 – President Theodore Roosevelt declared that the Philippine-American War, which Americans called the Philippine Insurrection, was over.

 

1907

• JULY 30 – The elections for the Philippine Assembly were set after the conditions set forth by the Philippine Bill of 1902 were satisfied.

1916

• AUGUST 29 – The Jones law was enacted by the 64th United States Congress and contained the first formal and official declaration of the United States Federal Government's commitment to grant independence to the Philippines.

• OCTOBER 3 – Elections were held for the new law-making body of the country.

• OCTOBER 16 – Governor-General Francis Burton Harrison established the Council of State.

1921

• MAY 4 – The Special Commission started its work of obtaining vital information needed by the President Harding.

• OCTOBER 5 – Leonard Wood returned to Manila to replace Francis Burton Harrison as the country’s Governor General.

1927

• AUGUST 7 – Wood died while vacation in the United States.

1935

• SEPTEMBER 17 – The first elections were held.

• NOVEMBER 15 – The Commonwealth of the Philippines was formally inaugurated; President-elect Manuel L. Quezon and Vice-President-elect Osmeña were sworn into office by then Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Ramon Avanceña.

TIMELINE OF THE JAPANESE ERA IN THE PHILIPPINES

THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF THE PHILIPPINES OCCURRED BETWEEN 1942 AND 1945, WHEN THE EMPIRE OF JAPAN OCCUPIED THE COMMONWEALTH OF THE PHILIPPINES DURING WORLD WAR II.

1939

• SEPTEMBER 1 – World War II broke out as a result of Adolf Hitler’s blitzkrieg or lightning attack of Poland. As a result of this incident, Britain and France were forced to declare war against Germany.

 

1941

• DECEMBER 7 – In the morning, Japan attacked the American Naval Base in Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, without a formal declaration of war.

• DECEMBER 8 – The invasion of the Japanese in the Philippines started 10 hours after the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, The Japanese began bombing Davao, Tuguegarao, Zambales, Pampanga and Tarlac.

• DECEMBER 11 – Germany and Italy declared war against the United States

• DECEMBER 22 – General Masaharu Homma, the Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Imperial Forces in the Philippines, landed 43,000 Japanese troops at the Lingayen Gulf and starting marching south toward Manila

• DECEMBER 26 - Manila was declared an open city by US general Douglas MacArthur during the Japanese invasion of the Philippines. The Imperial Japanese Army ignored the declaration and bombed the city.

1942

• JANUARY 2 – The Japanese occupied Manila.

• JANUARY 3 – General Homma, the commander of the Japanese Imperial Forces in the Philippines, announced the ending of American Sovereignty in the country and the beginning of Martial Law.

• JANUARY 29 – The Council State was formed because General Homma appointed Jorge Vargas.

• FEBRUARY 17 – The Japanese propagated their Greater East-Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere with education and labor

• MARCH 11 - Roosevelt appointed MacArthur army commander in the Pacific but he proceeded to Australia famously telling reports there, “I shall return.”

• MARCH 29 – The Communists and Socialists organized the People’s Anti-Japanese Army (HUKBALAHAP), which had 30,000 guerilla fighters led by Luis Taruc and Casto Alejandrino with thousands of supporters north of Manila.

• APRIL 9 – United States and Filipino defendants in Bataan surrendered to Japanese

- Death March began on which 7,000–10,000 died or were murdered.

• MAY 2 - Chief Justice Jose Abad Santos, who was captured in Cebu, was executed by the Japanese in Malabang, Lanao.

• MAY 5-6 – The Battle of Corregidor was the culmination of the Japanese campaign for the conquest of the Commonwealth of the Philippines during World War II, resulting in Japanese victory.

1943

• SEPTEMBER 4- The proposed Constitution was signed by the members of the Commission.

• SEPTEMBER 7- The approved charter was ratified by the members of the KALIBAPI. (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod Sa Bagong Pilipinas.)

• SEPTEMBER 23- Jose Protacio Garcia Laurel was elected President of the Philippine Republic, while Benigno S. Aquino was elected Speaker of the National Assembly.

• OCTOBER 14 – The Second Philippine Republic or the Japanese-sponsored Republic was inaugurated.

1944

• JUNE 19 – The American forces moved step by step across the Pacific Ocean and began the Battle of the Philppine Sea by invading Guam.

• AUGUST 1- President Manuel L. Quezon died in Saranac Lake, New York and succeeded immediately by Sergio Osmeña.

• SEPTEMBER 21 – Planes from United States carriers attacked Manila.

• OCTOBER 20 – Americans landed on the beaches of Leyte. General MacArthur threatened to send high commissioner back home, and Roosevelt let the arrogant General have his way to Philippines.

• OCTOBER 23 - MacArthur formally proclaimed the restoration of the Commonwealth Government at Tacloban.

• OCTOBER 23-26 – The Battle of Leyte Gulf has been called the greatest naval battle in history.

• DECEMBER 8 – The Makabayang Katipunan ng mga Pilipino (MAKAPILI) was essentially a politico-military organization formed by the Japanese High Command.

1945

• JANUARY 9 – The Americans took Lingayen Gulf by surprise. Kamikaze pilots dove their planes into US ships in the Lingayen Gulf, destroying 24 ships and damaging 70.

• JULY 4 - MacArthur proclaimed that the Philippines had been liberated from the Japanese.

• AUGUST 6 – Hiroshima was bombed.

• AUGUST 9 – Another bomb was dropped at Nagasaki.

• AUGUST 14 – The Japanese Empire surrendered.

• AUGUST 17 – Laurel issued a proclamation dissolving the Second Philippine Republic

• SEPTEMBER 2 – MacArthur presided over the ceremonial signing of papers

Source:

The Filipinos and their Struggles for Freedom and Survival: A Textbook in Philippine

History for College Students