PHILIPPINE HISTORY

SPANISH ERA

Spanish Colonization

(1521 - 1898)

Ferdinand Magellan arrived

in the Philippines in 1521.

Magellan landed on the

island of Cebu, claiming the

lands for Spain and naming

them Islas de San Lazaro.

He set up friendly relations

with some of the local

chieftains and converted

some of them to Roman

Catholicism.

Magellan's Cross is a Christian

cross planted by Portuguese,

and Spanish explorers as ordered

by Ferdinand Magellan upon arriving in

Cebu in the Philippines on April 14, 1521.

A sign below the cross describes the

original cross is encased inside the wooden

cross that is found in the center of the

chapel. This is to protect the original cross

from people who chipped away parts of

the cross for souvenir purposes or in the

belief that the cross possesses miraculous

powers. Some people, however, believe

that the original cross had been destroyed

or had disappeared after Magellan's

death.

Lapu-Lapu was a ruler

of Mactan, who is known as the

first native of the archipelago to

have resisted the Spanish

colonization.

On the morning of April 27, 1521,

Lapu-Lapu led 3,000 warriors in a

battle against Portuguese explorer

and conquistador Ferdinand

Magellan who led a force of forty-

nine Spanish soldiers and 6000 native

warriors from Cebu. During the battle

Magellan and several of his men were

killed.

Magellan introduced Christianity in Cebu

GOD

GOLD

GLORY

SPAIN’S

CONTRIBUTION

The Residencia

This was a special judicial court that

investigates the performance of a

governor general who was about to be

replaced. The residencia, of which the

incoming governor general was usually

a member, submitted a report of its

findings to the King.

The Visita

The Council of the Indies in Spain

sent a government official called

the Vistador General to observe

conditions in the colony. The

Visitador General reported his

findings directly to the King.

The Encomienda was introduced in the Philippines

when Legaspi, in compliance with the decree issued by

King Philip II in 1558, distributed lands in Cebu to loyal

Spanish subjects. These men had helped conquer the

Philippines. The encomienda was not actually a land

grant but was a favor from the kind under which the

Spaniard receiving his favor was given the right to

collect tributes–or taxes–from the inhabitants of the

area assigned to him. The man who received this favor

was called an encomendero. The encomienda was,

therefore, a public office

In July 26, 1523, King Charles V decreed

that Indians who had been pacified

should contribute a “moderate amount”

in recognition of their vassalage.

TRIBUTE

The Spaniards closed the ports of Manila to all countries except

Mexico. Thus, the Manila–Acapulco Trade, better known as the

"Galleon Trade" was born. The Galleon Trade was a government

monopoly. Only two galleons were used: One sailed from

Acapulco to Manila with some 500,000 pesos worth of goods,

spending 120 days at sea; the other sailed from Manila to

Acapulco with some 250,000 pesos worth of goods spending 90

days at sea.

Tondo Conspiracy of 1587–1588 was a plot against

Spanish colonial rule by the Tagalog

and Kapampangan noblemen, or datus,

of Manila and some towns

of Bulacan and Pampanga, in the Philippines. It

was led by Agustín de Legazpi, grandson of

conquistador Miguel Lopez de Legaspi.

The Tamblot Uprising of 1621, also known as

the Tamblot Revolution or Tamblot Revolt, was led

by Tamblot, a babaylan or native priest from the island

of Bohol in the Philippines. It was basically a religious conflict.Tamblot exhorted his people to return to the

faith of their forefathers and free themselves from

Spanish oppression.

Diego Silang y Andaya (December 16, 1730 – May 28,

1763) was a revolutionary leader who conspired

with British forces to overthrow Spanish rule in the

northern Philippines and establish an

independent Ilocano nation. His revolt was fueled by

grievances stemming from Spanish taxation and abuses,

and by his belief in self-government, that the

administration and leadership of the Roman Catholic

Church and government in the Ilocos be invested in

trained Ilocano officials.

The Treaty of Paris, also known as the Peace

of Paris and the Treaty of 1763, was signed

on 10 February 1763 by the kingdoms

of Great Britain, France and Spain,

with Portugal in agreement, after Britain's

victory over France and Spain during

the Seven Years' War.

Tobacco was introduced in the Philippines in

the late 16th century during the era of Spanish

colonization when the Augustinians brought cigar tobacco seeds to the colony for

cultivation. In 1686, William

Dampier visited Mindanao and observed

that smoking was a widespread custom. It had

also become an article of foreign trade with the Dutch from Tidore and Ternate buying rice,

bees wax and tobacco from the Spanish

colony.

The connection of Suez Kanal (Canal) to Philippine History is

very important. When it opened in 1869, it paved way for

foreign traders to do business with many countries.

Philippines was one of those who benefited from its

operation, not only in terms of business (economy), but also

about way of life. Contact with westerners who came to

trade with Philippines brought-in new ideas,

knowledge/education, and other things.

Three martyr priests are publicly garroted as

alleged leaders of the Cavite Conspiracy, a

movement for secularization and

nationalism, which is distasteful to the

Spanish friars. They are Jose Burgos (born Feb

9, 1837), Mariano Gomez (born Aug 2, 1799)

and Jacinto Zamora (born Aug 14, 1835).

THE RISE OF FILIPINO

NATIONALISM

PROPAGANDA

MOVEMENT

The Propaganda Movement was a literary and cultural

organization formed in 1872 by Filipino émigrés who had

settled in Europe. Composed of Filipino liberals exiled in 1872

and students attending Europe's universities, the organization

aimed to increase Spanish awareness of the needs of its

colony, the Philippines. Its prominent members included Jose

Rizal, author of Noli Me Tangere (novel) and El

Filibusterismo, Graciano López Jaena, publisher of La

Solidaridad, the movement's principal organ, Mariano

Ponce, the organization's secretary and Marcelo H. del Pilar.

Goals Specifically, the Propagandists aims were:

1.Representation of the Philippines in the Cortes Generales, the

2.Spanish parliament;

3.Secularization of the clergy;

4.Legalization of Spanish and Filipino equality;

5.Creation of a Public school (government funded)public school

system independent of the friars;

6.Abolition of the polo (labor service) and vandala (forced sale of

local products to the government).

7.Guarantee of basic freedoms of speech and Freedom of

association.

8.Equal opportunity for Filipinos and Spanish to enter government

service;

9.Recognition of the Philippines as a province of Spain;

10.Secularization of Philippine parishes; Recognition of human

rights

FILIPINO

REFORMISTS

Graciano López Jaena (December 18, 1856-January 20, 1896) was a journalist, orator, revolutionary, and national hero from Iloilo, the Philippines, who is well known for his newspaper, La Solidaridad. Philippine historians regard López Jaena, along with Marcelo H. del Pilar and José Rizal, as the triumvirate of Filipino propagandists. Of these three ilustrados, López Jaena was the first to arrive in Spain and may have founded the genesis of the Propaganda Movement.

José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda(June 19, 1861 – December 30, 1896), was a Filipino nationalist, writer and reformist. He is widely considered

the greatest national hero of the Philippines. He was the author of Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo and a number of poems and essays. He was executed

on December 30, 1896.

Marcelo Hilario del Pilar y Gatmaitán (August 30, 1850

– July 4, 1896), better known by his pen name Plaridel,

was a Filipino writer, lawyer, and journalist. He was

the second and last editor of the La

Solidaridad (Solidarity), the newspaper of the Reform

Movement in Spain.

La Liga Filipina (English: The Philippine League) was a progressive

organization created by Dr. José Rizal in the Philippines in the

house of Doroteo Ongjunco at Ilaya Street, Tondo, Manila in 1892.

.

The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-

Spanish Filipinos in Manila in 1892, whose primary aim was to gain

independence from Spain through revolution. The society was initiated by

Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata,Ladislao Diwa, and others

on the night of July 7, when Filipino writer José Rizal was to be banished

to Dapitan. Initially, the Katipunan was a secret organization until its

discovery in 1896 that led to the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution.

RIZAL WAS EXILED

AT DAPITAN.

THEN WENT TO CUBA

AND RETURNED AT

MANILA.

KATIPUNAN

WAS

DISCOVERED

The Spanish Governor Ramon Blanco

proclaims a state of war in the 8 provinces

that took up arms. The provinces are Manila,

Laguna, Cavite, Batangas, Pampanga,

Bulacan, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija.

The Spaniards executed Jose

Rizal in Bagumbayan (today's

Rizal Park).

The Katipunan court finds

the Bonifacios guilty. They

are sentenced to death.

The Malolos Congress or formally known as

the "National Assembly" of representatives

was the constituent assembly of the First

Philippine Republic. It met at the Barasoain

Church in Malolos City, Bulacan. It drafted

the Malolos Constitution.

The Treaty of Paris of 1898, 30 sta.1754, was an agreement made

in 1898 that resulted in Spain surrendering

control of Cuba and ceding Puerto Rico, parts of the West Indies,

Guam, and the Philippines to the United States. The cession of the

Philippines involved a payment of $20 million to Spain by the

United States. The treaty was signed on December 10, 1898, and

ended the Spanish-American War. It came into effect on April 11,

1899, when the ratifications were exchanged.

SOURCE:

GOOGLE

SUBMITTED BY:CHELSEA BASACA

SUBMITTED TO:MADAM MARY ANN INOC