tieu luanhuy

8/13/2019 tieu luanhuy

1/37

B CNG THNGTRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP.HCM

KHOA CNG NGH IN T

----- -----

Tiu lun mn: o lng v iu khin my tnh

GVHD: Th.s Hunh Minh Ngc.

SVTH : Hunh Vn ip 09079241

Trn Trng Ph Thng 09078671

L Vn Nin 09077801

Tp.HCM, thng 10 nm 2013


2/37

Mc lc:

CHNG I: Tm hiu vCard USB-6008....................................................... 3

1.1 Gii thiu tng qut:................................................................................ 3

1.2 M t:...................................................................................................... 41.2.1 M tphn mm:............................................................................... 4

1.2.2 M tphn cng:.............................................................................. 5

CHNG II: Sdng card USB 6008 bng LabView..................................... 8

2.1.Tm hiu chung vLabView:................................................................... 8

2.1.1 Gii thiu:.......................................................................................... 8

2.1.2 ng dng ca LabView:.................................................................... 9

2.2. Sdng card USB 6008 bng LabView:............................................... 10

2.2.1 Kt ni card USB 6008:................................................................... 10

2.2.2 Vit chng trnh chy USB 6008 bng Labview............................. 13


3/37

CHNG I: Tm hiu vCard USB-6008

1.1 Gii thiu tng qut:

Hnh 1: Card NI USB 6008

Bm 32 bit. Kt nivi cng USB ca my tnh bn ( Destop) hoc Laptop. c 8 knh analog vo card ( phn gii 14 bit, 48kS/s ). Xut 2 analog ( 12 bit, 150kS/s). 12 knh xut/nhp tn hiu s( digital I/O). S dng phn mm Labview, LabWindows/CVI, Measurement Studio cho

Visual Studio.Net . Tng thch vi NI-DAQmx driver software v NI

Labview Signal Express software.


4/37

1.2 M t:

1.2.1 M tphn mm:Thit b thu thp d liu a chc nng National Instruments USB-6008 cung

cp khnng thu thp dliu tin cy vi gi thnh thp. Vi kiu kt ni USB, thit

bny n gin thc hin o lng nhanh, nhng cng linh hot thc

hin cc ng dng o lng phc tp.

Khi cn o tn hiu analog nh tn hiu in p ca bt kcm bin no. V d:

cm bin nhit , cm bin m, p sut, NI 6008 cho php thc hin nhu cu

trn vi cc tnh nng v u im sau:

Thc hin vic giao tip vi my vi tnh thng qua cng USB vi thi gianly mu nhanh, chnh xc cao.

Truy xut d liu, phn tch, hin th, thu thp d liu bng ngn ngLabview.

Thc hin th nghim trong trng hc, cng ty, gia nh. Chy trn hiu hnh Windows, Linux, Mac.NI USB-6008 sdng NI-DAQmx Base, mt driver a nn tng vi mt giao

din lp trnh NI-DAQmx. Ngi sdng c thdng NI-DAQmx trin khai ty

cc ng dng thu thp d liu vi mi trng trin khai National Instruments

LabVIEW hoc C. NI-DAQmx Base bao gm mt ng dng b nhp d liu sn

sng hot ng thu thp v nhp tn hiu ln n 8 knh dliu tng t.


5/37

1.2.2 M tphn cng:USB-6008 c bni di ng dng bt vt cho php kt ni tn hiu ddng.

tng khnng linh hot khi thao tc thit lp nhiu dy ni, NI a ra phkin bao

gm 2 bni bt vt, nhn dn v mt dng cvn.

Thm na, USB-6008 Prototyping Accessory cung cp cc ngn trng cho

nhiu mch in n ng vo ca USB-6008.

Tm tt thng skthut:

Thng schung

Chun kt ni USB

Htrhiu hnh Windows, Linux, Mac, Pocket PC

Kiu o in p xung

HDAQ B Series

c tn hiu analog

Sknh 8 SE/4 DI

Tc ly mu 48kS/s

phn gii 14 bits


6/37

Trch mu ng thi Khng

Ngng in p gii hn nht -10 ti 10V

chnh xc 138 mV

Ngng in p nhnht -11 V

chnh xc 37.5 mV

Sgii hn 8

Bnhtch hp 512B

Xut tn hiu analog

Sknh 2

Tc cp nht 150 kS/s

phn gii 12 bits

Ngng in p gii hn hn nht 05 V

chnh xc 7 mV

Ngng in p gii hn nhnht 05 V

chnh xc 7 mV

Tn hiu iu khin dng in 5 mA/10 mA

Cc chn xut/nhp tn hiu s

Sknh 12 DIO

Timing Software

Logic Levels TTL

Ngng in p vo gii hn ln nht 05 VNgng in p ra gii hn ln nht 05 V

Dng in vo Sinking, Sourcing

Blc vo lp trnh c No


7/37

Output Current Flow Sinking, Sourcing

Dng in (Knh/Tng) 8.5 mA/102 mA

Bm v bhn (nh) gi

Sbm/hn gi 1

phn gii 32 bits

Tn sngun ln nht 50 MHz

rng xung vo nhnht 100 ns

Mc logic TTL

Ngng cc i 05V

n nh 50 ppm

Cho php thc hin nhtm (m) Yes

Tc ng (Triggering) Digital

Kch thc card NI 6008

Di 8.51 cm

Rng 8.18 cm

Cao 2.31 cm

u ni vo ra Sdng tua vit mddng


8/37

CHNGII: Sdng card USB 6008 bng LabView

2.1.Tm hiu chung vLabView:

2.1.1 Gii thiu:LabVIEW (vit tt ca Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering

Workbench) l mi trng ngn ng ha hiu qu trong vic giao tip a knhgia con ngi, thut ton v cc thit b.

Gi LabVIEW l ngn ng ha hiu qu v v cch thc lp trnh, LabVIEWkhc vi cc ngn ng C (hay Python, Basic, vv.) im thay v s dng cc t

vng(t kha) c nh th LabVIEW s dng cckhi hnh nhsinh ng vcc dy ni to ra cc lnhv cc hm.


9/37

Cng chnh v s khc bit ny m LabVIEW gip cho vic lp trnh trnn n ginhn bao gi ht, c bit, LabVIEW rt ph hp i vi k s, nhkhoa hc, hay ging vin.

Chnh s n gin, d hc, d nh gip cho LabVIEW tr thnh mt trong

nhng cng c ph bin trong cc ng dngthu thp d liut cc cm bin,phttrin cc thut ton, v iu khinthit b ti cc phng th nghim trn th gii.

2.1.2 ng dng ca LabView:Labview c s dng trong cc lnh vc o lng, t ng ha, c in t,

robo, vt l, ton hc, sinh hc, vt liu, t, v.v.

Hnh - Thu thp d liu ti C quan hng khng v v tr NASA

Labview c th c s dng x l cc kiu d liu nh tn hiu tng t(analog), tn hiu s (digital), hnh nh (vision), m thanh (audio), v.v.


10/37

Labview gip k s kt ni bt k cm bin, v bt k c cu chp hnh novi my tnh.

Labview h tr cc giao thc giao tip khc nhau nh RS232, RS485, TCP / IP,PCI, PXI,v.v. Bn cng c th to ra cc thc thi c lp v cc th vin chia s (v

d th vin lin kt ng DLL), bi v LabVIEW l mt trnh bin dch 32 -bit. LabVIEW tr nn ph bin trongcc phng th nghim ca cc quc gia phttrin.

2.2. Sdng card USB 6008 bng LabView:

2.2.1 Kt ni card USB 6008:Bc 1: Kt ni card USB 6008 vi my vi tnh.


11/37

Bc 2: Kim tra v ci Driver cho card.

xem nu thit bUSB-6008 c kt ni vi my tnh, ta khi ng th vinNI-DAQ. Danh sch cc thit b tin ch thng qua Start / Programs / NationalInstruments/NI-DAQmx.

Hnh cho thy ca sdo c mra. (VISA_USB6008 tn c nh ngha)

USB 6008 c kt ni vi Labview qua th vin NI Measurements / DAQmxBase.


12/37

Bc 3: Cu hnh USB-6008:

Dng NI-DAQmx Base Configuration Utility iu chnh. Bn s dng cc Taskng dng LabVIEW ca bn tham kho cc hot ng I/O. Mi task l tp cc nhngha thhin cc kha cnh khc nhau ca tn hiu u vo, hot ng tn hiu u rac thc hin bi cc thit bI/O.


13/37

Bc 4: Sdng card USB 6008.

Card USB 6008 c dng trong Labview tfile USB-600x Interactive Control.llb

2.2.2 Vit chng trnh chy USB 6008 bng Labview.Th nghim 1 : Thit k b iu khin ON-OFF iu khin bt tt Led thng quaCard NI6008 chu k 20ms

Kt ni phn cng theo s sau:


14/37

Tin hnh kt ni Card NI6008 vi PC thng qua cng USB. Khi ng LabVIEW

Bc 1:To vng lp While Loop.

Bc 2: Add cc DAQ I/O cho chng trnh nh sau vi a chcho cc I/O nh trn

s kt ni.

Phn ny chng ta lm tng tnh nhng bi th nghim trc nhng chng ta

cn ch cc c im sau:

a chca khi phi tng ng vi ngoi v. V dnt Startcn phi thitlp ng a chv sau ny sdng cc khi DAQ cng ng vi thit lp

nh trc trnh nhm ln.


15/37

o Port0/line0l INPUT cho khi nt nhn Start.o Port0/line1l INPUT cho khi nt nhn Stop.o Port0/line2l OUTPUT cho khi LED.

Thit lp cu hnh cho 2 nt nhn phi nh sau:


16/37

Sd ty chn Acquisition Modeca group Timing Setting chng ta chn

l 1 Sample(on demand)l v chng ta sdng nt nhn trnh trng

hp bdi chng ta chcn ly mu ng 1 ln duy nht.

V Digital L ine I nput Setup chng ta chn InvertLine(tc l thuc tnh

o) v nt nhn chng ta khi nhn th tn hiu l 0 khi thth tn hiu l 1

nn nu chng ta mun sau ny lp trnh thun tin hn ngha l khi nhn

tn hiu l true th chng ta tick chn thuc tnh ny.


17/37

Bc 3: To hm iu kin Case vi vi true l:

Khi to sng vung vi tn sl 25 Hz(tng ng vi chu k on-off l

40ms thi gian sng 20ms) v bin l 1.


18/37

Trng hp False ca hm Case cng l hm to sng vung vi bin l 0:

Bc 4: To ng vo cho cu trc Case bng hm Select vi hi tip:


19/37

Chng ta thy rng khi nt Startc nhn (1 ln) th cu trc select sc ng l l

truekhi nt nhn trvtrng thi c, tc hm selectbn trn schn iu khin sai

tc l ng ra ca hm select bn di. Mc khc ng ra ca hm selectcng chn

iu kin sai tc l stop cha c nh, nh vy kt quvn l True cho ng vo cutrc casenhvng hi tip. V tng tkhi stop c nhn th sduy tr trng thi

Stopvn tip tc.

Bc 5: Kt ni vi cc DAQ:

nhng bi trc chng ta lm quen vi vic iu khin tngoi vi, nh vy th

cch kt ni v chuyn i dliu cng tng tca bi hm nay cng tng tnh

vy.

Bc 6: Chy chng trnh.

Phn tch v gii thch kt quth nghim:

Khi nhn Start khi DAQ xut ra mng tn hiu ny c chuyn thnh dliu dng boolean. Do khi DAQ chng ta Inverttn hiu nn chng sl

Truekhi nt Start c nhn. Qua cc khi Select th nh chng ta gii


20/37

thch ttrc tn hiu Truesc duy tr ngay ckhi nt nhn thra. V vy

iu kin True trong cu trc Case sc thc thi tc scp mt sng

vung chp tt n vi chu k on off l 40ms.

Khi nhn Stopth tng ttrng thi False ca Case sc thit lp v duytr nn mt sng vung vi bin l 0V scp cho LEDtc chng soff cho

ti khi nhn Starttrli.

Th Nghim 2: SDng biu khin PID trong th vin LabVIEW thc

hin m hnh vng kn vi Card NI sau:

Vi i tng gilp l Card NI sdng ng ra pht tn hiu iu khin u v ngthi Card NI cng sdng ng vo nh mt cm bin thu thp tn hiu iu khinu tc l hm truyn i tng iu khin l 1.

Kt ni s phn cng nh sau:

Biu Khin

PID

i Tng


21/37

Tin hnh kt ni Card NI 6008 vi PC thng qua cp USB. Thc hin trn my tnh

cc bc sau:

Bc 1: Add th vin PID cho LabVIEW bng cch ci t cng cLabVIEW PIDand Fuzzy Logic Toolkit. Lu l cn ci t ng phin bn Toolkit cho

LabVIEW, ngha l LabVIEW phin bn no cn phi mt toolkit ng vi phin bn

y. LabVIEW PID and Fuzzy Logic Toolkit l mt cng ctnh ph bn c th

download trn trang chca NI vi mt phin bn dng th. File ti tNI.com c

nh dng nh sau yyyyPIDFuzzy.exe. yyyy l 4 si din cho nm hay tn phin

bn. Hy truy cp NI.com sau tm vi cm ttrn, v d2010 th tm l

2010PIDFuzzy bn srt ngn c qu trnh tm kim.

Bc 2: Add 2 DAQtng ng vi ng vo v ng ra trn s kt ni.

Ch :

Vi ng ra: chng ta thit lp in p t0 n 5V.


22/37

Vi ng vo cn ch thuc tnh Terminal Configuration. Cn phi chn lRSE. V chng ta kt ni ng vo input theo kiu AI.0 v GND.

Bc 3: Add biu khin PID.Khi ci t xong Toolkit PID, Ti ca sblock

diagram: Right Click => Control Design and Simulation => PID => PID.vi

tin hnh add .

Bc 4: Tkhi PID, tmi ng vo ca khi Right Click => Create => Control

c c cc khi thit lp gi trcho khi PIDnh sau:


23/37

Bc 5:Kt ni vi cc DAQ chng c chng trnh sau:


24/37

Bc 6: Chy chng trnh thc hin:


25/37

Bc 7: Trong qu trnh chy tthhiu chnh thng siu khin PID v thi

gian ly mu theo cc hng sau:

Thng s vt l Thi gianXL

Sai sXL n nh

KP Tng Tng Gim GimKI Tng Tng Gim GimKD Gim Gim Khng tc ng Ci thinHiu chnh online bit c vng gi trcho cc thng sca biu khin. lu

chng ta cn da vo th.


26/37

Vi gi tr:

Ta thy biu khin bt n nh:


27/37

Vi

Biu khin cho cht lng iu khin cha tt(cn dao ng):


28/37

Vi

Cho cht lng iu khin kh tt vi thn nh.


29/37

Kt lun:nh vy vi shtrrt t i tmt Card thu thp dliu kh li thi

chng ta xy dng thnh cng mt biu khin da trn my tnh(LabVIEW)

thng qua card thu thp dliu NI 6008.

Th Nghim 3: Vi i tng iu khin tng tTh Nghim 2, xy dng biu khin PID tcc hm c sn trong LabVIEW.

Bc 1: Chng ta c bn hiu c iu khin PID l nh thno? Hm nay

chng ta sxy dng biu khin ny trn LabVIEW. u tin chng ta tin hnh

tmt bPID c bn nh sau:


30/37

Bin i Laplace bPID trn ta c:

( ) 1( ) (1 )

( ) .P D

I

U sC s K T s

E s T s

.IP D

KK K ss

TI, TDln lt l thi gian tch phn v sai phn.

Ri rc ha biu khin trn theo phng php xp xhnh chnht ngc cho

khu tch phn:

1.

zsT z

V sai phn thun:


31/37

1zs

T

T l thi gian ly mu.

Ta c:

( ) 1( )

( ) 1P I D

U z Tz z C z K K K

E z z T

2( ) .( 1) .( 1) . . .( 1)( )

D

P I

KU zz K z K T z z

E z T

Chuyn vmin k ta c:

1 1 1 2( ) .( ) . . .( 2 )D

k k P k k I k k k k

Ku u K e e K T e e e e

T

1 1 2.( . ) ( 2. ) ( )D D D

k k k P I k P k

K K Ku u e K K T e K e

T T T

t A,B,C nh sau:

. DP I

KA K K T

T

2. DP

KB K

T


32/37

DK

CT

Vy rt gn bPID snh sau:

1 1 2. . .k k k k k u u e A e B e C

Bc 2: Thc hin vng lp while loop vi cc thanh ghi dch Shift Register dng

lu cc gi truk-1 , ek-1v ek-2.

Shift Registerc hiu nh l mt thanh ghi dch chuyn dliu. Tn ti trong cc

vng lp While v for. Gi trbn phi l gi trca vng lp hin ti gi trbn tri

l gi trca vng lp trc , gi trbn tri bn di na l gi trca vng lp

trc na,nh biu din trn hnh.

Lu : y chng ta tin hnh to vt vi thc thi mt chng trnh khc, trnh

khi a vi ny vo mt vng lp ca mt chng trnh khc lm cho chng trnh


33/37

thc thi vi ny mi khng thot ra c chng trnh chnh chng ta tao iu kin

sao cho chng chchy 1 ln bng cch to so sanh i vi 1 khi i = 1 th Stop vng lp

hoc c thdng vng lp For vi N=1.

Bc 3: Tao cc number control nhp cc thng sca biu khin PID v

indicator hin thOutput:

Bc 4: Kt ni cc Number Control v Indicator vi Connector ca VI.

Ti ca sFront Panel: Ch n biu tng ta Icon pha trn bn phi bndi nt x(close). to icon c thp chut vo biu tng , nhng do

n khng thc squan trng nn xin bqua. Cng tbiu tng icon: Right

Click => Show connector =>(trli icon)Right Click => Patterns => chn

slng kt ni sao cho ph hp viVI


34/37

Click vo tng connector (Connector shin mu en)sau click voControl hoc Indicator cn add (thnh cng schuyn sang mu ). Thng

th chn ng vo nm bn tri nu khng c thbn trn hoc di, ng ra

thng chn Connector bn phi.

Bc 5: Sdng cc hm cng trnhn chia thc hin bPID ri rc ha.


35/37

Bc 6: Save v ng vi va to.

Bc 7:Kt ni phn cng nh Th Nghim 2ri kt Card Ni vi my tnh.

Bc 8:Mmt VI mi lm tng tnh Th Nghim 2:

Front Panel:

Block Diagram:


36/37

Nh vy chng ta thc hin song chng trnh. By gic thbt u thc hin

chng trnh.

Dng nhng thng sca bPID hiu chnh trong th nghim 2 nhp vo Fronnt

Panel, Sau chy chng trnh:


37/37

Kt Qu:

Nh vy bPID chng ta va xy dng l khng c skhc bit nhiu so vi bPID

trong th vin. (Nhng nt t trn thl do khi Stop chng trnh sau chy li

cha reset li th, do thi gian th chy lin tc v chng khng thc squan

trng.)

tieu luanhuy

Documents