Causes of World War I

Themes of the 20th Century

1. New Technologies in Transportation and Communication

2. Tripling of the Non West Population

3. Decline of the West as a colonial power

MarxismCommunismNew NationalismFundamentalism4. New Ideologies challenge traditional orders

5. Accelerated Changes for women in the western world

6. Decreases in birthrates in the Industrialized/ Western World Germany Russia China Egypt India Vietnam IsraelmonarchymonarchyDynastyProtectorateColonyColonyColonyRepublicRepublicCommunistRepublicSocialist RepublicCommunistRepublic CountryGovt. 1900Govt. 20007. Political and economic formation-nearly every country had a different form of government in 1900 than it does today 8. Changes in the power structure1900Landed Aristocracy2000Upper Middle Class

Causes of World War IThe Great War

MAIN A T I O N A L I S M

L L IANCES M P E R A L I S MILITARISMCauseDescriptionExamplesMilitarismAlliancesImperialismNationalismCauses of World War IMAINCause 1:Massive buildup of armiesObsession with security/product of nationalismArms raceMilitarism

Examples ofBrit. and Ger. build massive navies.

Cause 2:Europe was divided into 2 armed alliancesPledged absolute support

Created a domino effect

System of AlliancesExamples of Triple Entente Triple Alliance Britain Russia France

Germany

Austria OttomanSerbia*Italy switches sides mid way through the warAlliesCentral Powers

Triple Alliance/Central PowersTriple Entente/AlliesNeutralsOttomanCause 3:

Competition over acquiring coloniesImperialism

SpainPortugalItalyGermanyBritishDutchBelgiumFrance

Examples ofScramble for AfricaCreating spheres of Influences in China

Cause 4:

Countries placing their own interest above cooperationNation-states develop fierce rivalries

NationalismExamples of-Ger. matching Brit. Indust. output-Southeast Europe (Balkans)

Three Empires claimed it

Ethnic groups desired independence

Highlight in the flow chart what 4 countries/areas you could blame for the start of WW1Be ready with an answer for each. Identify the one most responsible by circling itWhat evidence from the chart suggests leaders of these countries anticipated the outbreak of war? Highlight that evidence

What is the crime of the ages?

What do you think is the main point of the cartoon and how does it accurately convey how World War I began?

World War I BeginsJune 28, 1914, Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princep (member of the Black Hand society) assassinates Austrian Franz FerdinandAustria-Hungary declares war on SerbiaRussia sends troops to assist SerbiaGermany declares war on Russia & FranceEngland enters on side of Russia & FranceWW I is on!!Dont write next part See your timeline + reading

Sarajevo

To execute its initial plan, Germany declares war on France. France reciprocates

GermanyRussiaFranceAustria-HungaryBritainSerbiaOttoman EmpireWhat military dilemma do the Central Powers (red), especially Germany, face at the onset of war?Who should the Central Powers concentrate on first?Opening Stages of World War ISchlieffen Plan German war planAttack France 1st then Russia

German General Alfred Von Schlieffen

German Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II

GermanyAustria-HungaryRussiaBritainFranceSerbiaOttoman EmpireParis*Rationale for Schlieffen PlanFrance was the greater threat Russia would be slower to mobilize (lack of RRs)Avoid 2 Front WarQuickly end the war

Hoping Britain remained neutralFed romantic view: War over by ChristmasWhat happened?ResultsBelgium fighters slow Ger. advanceBritain enters warBrit./ Fr. forces stop Ger. advance at Marne RiverBloody Stalemate Along the Western Front*Stalemate = little to no gain for either side = deadlockConflict grinds to a halt Sept. 1914 Battle of the Marne Taxi Cab BattleProtect Paris; stop Schlieffen PlanGermans fail to advance; both sides dig inRussia attacks in east= 2-front war for Germany

War in the Trenches 500 miles of trenchGains are yards not milesMiserable conditionsNew tech = more death; machine gun, gas, tanksFeb.-July 1916: Battles of Verdun and Somme = high losses for little gain

41What is Trench Warfare?

War on the Eastern Front CPs gain AdvantageGer. & Aust. push Russians backRussias War Efforts WeakenNot industrialized lacked necessities of warOnly advantage = large pop. for army

43Gallipoli Campaign against Ottomans 1915-16 Failed Brit. & Fr. attempt to take Istanbul Heavy Allied losses1st major Allied use of Aust. & New Zea. Troops

** Strengthened Turkish nationalist movement

44Later Stages of WWIRussia - 1917- Vladimir Lenin & Bolsheviks stage Communist Revolution End Romanov dynasty- Formed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)- Ends the Tsar's War

Vladimir Lenin Tsar Nicholas II

Brest-Litovsk Treaty = Soviet & Ger. agreement to end fighting.- Ger. gets western Russian lands1918 Last year of WarLast Year of War = Military race- Allies = get Americans across Atlantic & into the fight, vs.- Germany (CPs) = Transfer eastern troops to west to end war first

Final German Push- Germans attempt to break Allied lines- Failed; Allied counterattack defeats Germans

Allied Counterattack Ends WarAllies Win!- Paris Peace Conference Allies create treaties to deal with defeated CPs (1919-1920)- Conference divided between U.S. idealism (Pres. Wilsons 14 Points) & European revenge

- Austria-Hungary = 2 states- New nations formed- Ottoman Empire dismantled into Mandates- Mandate = territory whose control transferred from one country to another. - Established League of Nations goal = avoid future wars. - not military league- U.S. does not join.Results of Conference

Soviet Union2. In what region of Europe did most of the changes take place?3. What issues/conflicts are likely to emerge as a result of the new map created in 1919?

Soviet UnionNew Countries Formed After WW 1Most Important Treaty of Versailles-Dealt with Germany- War Guilt Clause War was Ger. fault- Loss of territory + colonies- Reduce army & navy - Demilitarize the Rhineland- War payment 32 bill.!

How might the Treaty of Versailles lead to WWII?

Treaty of VersaillesWatch Film: Be ready to answer the following:

What was the Black Hand, led by Gravilio Princip, a terrorist organizationor a group of freedom fighters?

RasputinPeasant healer or cynical fakeRasputinOne manends an Empire?Opening Stages of the WarGeneral Alfred Von SchlieffenHead of German High CommandDeveloped scenariosCreated a plan in 1908Right flank attack of France