thejasree
TRANSCRIPT
by- V.A.THEJASRE
E
Introduction Steps of catalytic reaction Catalyst characterization Chemical and surface properties Catalyst activity testing Recent trends.
24% of GDP from Products made using catalysts (Food, Fuels, Clothes, Polymers, Drug, Agro-chemicals)
> 90 % of petro refining & petrochemicals processes use catalysts
90 % of processes & 60 % of products in the chemical industry
> 95% of pollution control technologies
Catalysis in the production/use of alternate fuels (NG,DME, H2, Fuel Cells, biofuels…)
For discovery/use of alternate sources of energy/fuels/raw material for chemical industry
For Pollution control
For preparation of new materials (organic & inorganic-eg: Carbon Nanotubes)
Industrial catalysis-from 2000+ :- Solid catalysts for biodiesel - solid acids, Hydroisom catalysts Catalysts for carbon nanotubes - Fe (Ni)-Mo-SiO2
For developed -mainly improvement in performance by
new synthesis methods & use of promoters
Green Chemistry is Catalysis due to:-
Pollution control (air and waste streams; stationary and mobile)Clean oxidation/halogenation processes using O2,H2O2 (C2H4O, C3H6O)Avoiding toxic chemicals in industry (HF,COCl2 etc)Fuel cells (H2 generation)
Catalysis in the Chemical Industry:
Hydrogen Industry(coal,NH3,methanol, FT, hydrogenations/ HDT, fuel cell)
Natural gas processing (SR,ATR,WGS,POX) Petroleum refining (FCC, HDW, HDT, HCr, REF) Petrochemicals ( monomers, bulk chemicals) Fine Chem. ( pharma, agrochemical, fragrance,
textile, coating, surfactants, laundry etc) Environmental Catalysis ( auto exhaust, deNOx, DOC)
Steps of Catalytic Reaction:-
- Diffusion of Reactants (Bulk to Film to Surface)- Adsorption
- Surface Reaction
- Desorption & Diffusion of Products
reactants
products
reactor
catalyst support
active site
substrate
adsorption
reactiondesorption
bed ofcatalyst particles
porous carrier
(catalyst support)
product
Bulk Physical Properties Bulk Chemical Properties Surface Chemical Properties Surface Physical Properties Catalytic Performance
Elemental composition (of the final catalyst) Thermal Analysis(DTA/TGA) electron microscopy (SEM,TEM) NMR/IR/UV-Vis Spectrophotometer bulk & surface structure. Texture :Surface area- porosity Counting “Active” Sites:
-Selective chemisorption (H2,CO,O2, NH3, Pyridine,CO2);Surface reaction (N2O)
Spectra of adsorbed species (IR/EPR/ NMR)
Catalyst Activity Testing :
Activity to be expressed as: - Rate constants from kinetics - Rates/weight - Rates/volume - Conversions at constant P,T and SV. - Temp required for a given conversion at constant partial & total pressures - Space velocity required for a given conversion at constant pressure and temp
Alternative feedstock's, reagents, solvents, products
Enhanced process control
New catalysts
Greater integration of catalysis and reactor engineering: membrane reactors, micro reactors, monolith technology, phenomena integration
Increased use of natural gas and biomass as feedstock
Photodecomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen
Catalysts for depolymerizing polymers for recycle of the monomers
Improvements in fuel cell electrodes and their operation
THANKS FOR PROVIDING THIS OPPURTUNITY AND SPECIAL THANKS TO MY BROTHER V.A.CHAITANYA.
Thank you