the renaissance rebirth of greco-roman learning humanism - man as a subject of culture, art and...
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The RenaissanceThe Renaissance
Rebirth of Greco-Roman learning Humanism - Man as a subject of culture, art and literature
The ReformationIndividualism in Christianity - Personal relationship with God
“ Grace” Dissenting sects “ National Churches”
The Scientific RevolutionThe Scientific Method Empirical observation Experimentation “ The Mechanistic Universe” Mathematical proofs
ThE EnlightenmentThE EnlightenmentReason Individualism Social Contract Theory Inalienable Rights
Natural Law The Right of Revolution Science Liberty The Free Market
The Medieval World was a “ Throne and Altar ” society based on a Rule-Set of Feudalism and Monotheism
(in Asia the Rule-Set was Confucianism and Caste)
You were defined by your birth - serf, peasant, knight, noble - and your belief - Christianity, Islam, Judaism.
Nations did not exist yet
Kings or powerful Nobles waged DYNASTIC wars to increase their family’s holdings and power
What you did during a war depended on your station and your lord.
General religious wars called Crusades and Jihad could break out.
The Pope claimed to be the leader of all Christians.
The Caliph was the leader of all Muslims
Eventually, some religious wars saw Muslims fighting Muslims and Christians battling Christians.
Changed how mankind identified knowledge in order to better understand the universe
Dramatically sped up the rate of cultural evolution, especially technological progress.
Sir Francis Bacon 1561-1626
Novum OrganumNovum Organum Put aside old ideas, study the world and use inductive reasoning ( from specific fact to the general principal)
The Advancement of LearningThe Advancement of Learning
Knowledge is power. Practical knowledge is true knowledge
Renee Descartes 1596- 1650
Invented coordinate Geometry
Discourses on MethodDiscourses on MethodDoubt everything not reasonably proven Physical world can be measured, quantified and calculated.
Galileo Copernicus Kepler Laws of Terrestrial Motion
Heliocentric Theory
Laws of Planetary Motion
Rejected Ptolemy
Sir Isaac Newton 1642 -1727Sir Isaac Newton 1642 -1727
Invented Calculus
Discovered the Laws of Motion
Discovered the Law of Gravity
Deeply influenced Western civilization Deeply influenced Western civilization
Seek “ scientific explanations” of events proved through mathematics
Discoveries influenced Natural Law Theory of Hobbes and Locke