the industrial revolution chapter 19 1750 - 1903
TRANSCRIPT
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
CHAPTER 19
1750 - 1903
Industrialism Begins Industrialism
New economic system Began in Britain Rely on machinery rather than animal and human
power Before industrialism most people lived in small
farming villages It began in the “textile” industry (woven cloth) See map page 725
What caused the Industrial Revolution???Began in Britain
The Enclosure Movement Investment of capital into businesses Large population of workers Britain’s geography
Large supplies of coal and iron Many harbors and rivers
The British Dominated
New Inventions of the Industrial Revolution James Hargreaves
Spinning Jenny 1764
New Inventions of the Industrial Revolution Richard Arkwright
Water Frame 1769
New Inventions of the Industrial Revolution James Watt
The steam engine
New Inventions of the Industrial Revolution
Henry Bessemer conversion of iron into steel “The Bessemer process”
Early Industrial City
The Rise of Big Business Successful landowners put money into
(invested) businesses The money is called capital
As businesses grew, more capital was needed Partnership-two or more people put in captial Corporation-raised money by selling shares of the
company to investors
The Rise of Factories and RailroadsFactories were the centers of the
Industrial Revolution Brought workers and machines together in
one place under managers Factories could employ hundreds of people
at a time
Factories
The First Steam Boat Robert Fulton
Invented the first boat powered by steam engine
The Clermont
Steam locomotives soon followed
see page 728
Steam Locomotive 1829
New Scientific Discoveries Industry spread from Europe to AmericaSamuel Morse
The telegraph 1830s
New Scientific Discoveries
Alexander Graham Bell The telephone 1876
New Scientific DiscoveriesGuglielmo Marconi
The Radio 1895
New Scientific DiscoveriesMichael Faraday
Magnets can move electrical current 1831
New Scientific DiscoveriesThomas Edison
The light bulb
New Scientific DiscoveriesDiesel & Daimler
Internal combustion engine
New Scientific DiscoveriesThe Wright Brothers
1st powered airplane 1903
Society and Industry
The Industrial Revolution Impacts Society
Cities Grow in SizeUrbanization – rapid growth of cities People flocked to cities to find factory
jobsLife in industrial cities was tough
Lived in tenements Tightly packed apartment buildings in big cities
Tenements
Industrial LifeWorking class factory workers had hard
lives 12-16 hour days, 6 days per week Child Labor (as young as 6)
Many lost fingers, limbs, or even died Injuries were common in hot, dirty,
unhealthy factories and mines Many found city life better than rural life
even though it was hard
New Political ideas Adam Smith
Free market “laissez faire” economy
private ownership “Wealth of Nations”
New Political ideas Socialism
Factories, land, capital ($), raw materials should be owned and run by the government
Karl Marx “Communist Manifesto” The socialist way would
eventually end the need for classes in society (Marxism)
New Political ideas Labor Unions
Workers united to improve wages and conditions
Art & Literature Ludwig von
Beethoven German composer
Art & LiteratureCharles Dickens
British Novelist
Art & Literature Gustave Courbet
French painter of the lives of ordinary people
Art & Literature Claude Monet
French “impressionist”
Science Louis Pasteur
Bacteria causes disease
1850s
Science Charles Darwin
Theory of Evolution 1859
Science Ivan Pavlov
1890s Actions are
unconscious reactions
Any action can be learned through training
Science Wilhelm Roentgen
X-Ray Machine 1890s
Science Albert Einstein
Theory of Relativity 1905
Atomic Bomb
Science Pierre and Marie
Curie Discover radioactivity Marie was first
woman to win Nobel Peace Prize (1911)
THE
END