industrial revolution and consequences 1750-1914 ce 1
TRANSCRIPT
Industrial Revolutionand
Consequences1750-1914 CE
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The Modern Revolution
Communication Revolution
Democratic Politics
Fossil Fuels
To:
Mundo
CAUTION:
Contents
Under
Pressure
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The Modern Revolution
Quite a package! But how did these changes get
all bundled up together?
Communication Revolution
Democratic Politics
Fossil Fuels
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For starters human population was
increasing faster than ever before!
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1690 - 7,000
1790 - 18,038
1900 - 560,892
158%
3,010%
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But a growing population meant that
human need for resources—for energy—was growing, too.
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By taking energy from
fossil fuels like coal instead of biomass like
wood…
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and with better and
better steam engines to
harness coal’s energy…
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Power loom weaving Lancashire, 1835
People could produce more
efficiently.
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Robert Fulton’s Clermont steamship
1807
And travel more
quickly.
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George Stephenson’s “Rocket” steam
locomotive1829
And travel more
quickly
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The Industrial Revolution allowed
for new global economic
relationships.
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Cotton exports from agrarian economies to industrial economies
Microsoft® Encarta® Reference Library 2002 © 1993-2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
U.S.A.
EgyptIndia
Russia
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Textile exports from industrial to agrarian economies
Microsoft® Encarta® Reference Library 2002 © 1993-2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
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Old limits on how much
energy people could use were
gone!
And people tore down
other limits too…
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Adam Smith argued for ideas like these in his book The Wealth of Nations (1776).
New economic ideas
• People should be able to buy and sell land, labor, and goods freely.
• CAPITALISM
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Improve public health.
Build railroads, ports, and telegraphs.
Standardize weights and measures.
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Antiseptic medicine
1867
Transcontinental railroad 1869
Metric system1790
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Government played a greater
role than ever before in people’s lives.
And while that happened,
people’s ideas about
government changed, too!
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The Modern Revolution
To:
Mundo
CAUTION:
Contents
Under
Pressure
Communication Revolution
Democratic Politics
Fossil Fuels
It’s in the
package too!
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Governments created
representative institutions.
Governments wrote
constitutions.
Governments promoted education.
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French National Assembly
1789
United States Constitution
1787
Ottoman Turkish Regulations for Public Education 1869
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So much was
changing so fast…
How could people
keep up?
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People moved more quickly.
Ideas moved more quickly.
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RailroadSteamboa
t
Transatlantic cableNewspaper
The Communication
Revolution
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1840
1850
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1880
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$0.00
$500,000.00
$1,000,000.00
$1,500,000.00
$2,000,000.00
$2,500,000.00
$3,000,000.00
1700 1820 1870 1913
The Modern Revolution meant powerful economic growth in the
world as a whole.
World Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Dollars as valued in 1990
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Powerful, but not equal.
The countries which
modernized first used it to
their advantage.
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1700 1820 1870 1913
Eur./N.AAsia
Percentage of World GDP Western Europe and North America vs. Asia
The Modern Revolution shifted the world’s economic center.
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India, 1877
After the Modern Revolution, much more food went on the world market…
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India, 1877
and it was often shipped to where it got the highest price,
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not to where it was needed most.
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And industrial technology
could be used not only to
create, but to destroy.
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And more of the world was colonized than ever before.
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The European Moment
Land surface of the world controlled by Europeans:
•1800 35%•1878 67%•1914 88%
But . . . duration of European world domination in the past 2000 years:
80yrs