Colegio Bilingüe La Asunción Social Science 5º prim. Unit 8 SPAIN IN THE 15TH AND 16TH CENTURIES

Estefanía López Santos 1

Isabel I of Castilla and Fernando II of Aragón

received the title of Catholic Monarchs from the Pope after conquering

the Kingdom of Granada.

During their reign, they unified the Iberian Peninsula,

reinforced royal authority and imposed the Catholic religion.

Unit8

SPAININTHE15THAND16THCENTURIES

Social Science Primary 5

Colegio Bilingüe La Asunción

TheCatholicMonarchs

Colegio Bilingüe La Asunción Social Science 5º prim. Unit 8 SPAIN IN THE 15TH AND 16TH CENTURIES

Estefanía López Santos 2

• The monarchy took control of the army,

economy and government.

• Power was centralised. The monarchs took privileges away from the nobility and the Church.

• A strong, modern army was built to fight for the country and control its economy.

• There was an increasing interest in territorial expansion and exploration.

• Strong alliances with other European countries were established.

• The Spanish Inquisition was established. Its aim was to punish people who didn´t follow the rules established by the Catholic Church.

• The Spanish Monarchs ordered Jews and Muslims to convert to the Catholic religion. The Muslims who

did so were called Moriscos. Then the Catholic Monarchs ordered the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492.

TheCatholicMonarchs

Colegio Bilingüe La Asunción Social Science 5º prim. Unit 8 SPAIN IN THE 15TH AND 16TH CENTURIES

Estefanía López Santos 3

CONQUEST OF THE KINGDOM OF GRANADA

• It was conquered by the Catholic Monarchs in 1492.

• The Kingdom of Granada was the last Muslim Kingdom in Spain. (It included Granada, Málaga and Almería).

• It was weakened by internal disputes.

DISCOVERY OF AMERICA

• After the conquest of Granada, the Catholic Monarchs focus their attention to exploration.

• They finally accepted Christopher Columbus proposal asking them to sponsor his trip to find a new route to India and China.

** The Catholic Monarchs ordered the expulsion of Jews from Spain in 1492. ** The first Spanish gramar book was published in 1492 by Antonio de Nebrija.

1492

Colegio Bilingüe La Asunción Social Science 5º prim. Unit 8 SPAIN IN THE 15TH AND 16TH CENTURIES

Estefanía López Santos 4

ü Christopher Columbus wanted to find a new route to Asia.

ü He decided to sail west across the Atlantic Ocean.

ü The Catholic Monarch financed his expedition, Columbus promised to bring

back gold, spices and silks.

ü On 3 August 1492 the three caravels (the Santa María, the Pinta and the Niña) left Palos de la Frontera (Huelva) and on 12 October 1492 arrived in San Salvador (island in the Bahamas).

ü Columbus made this first voyage and three more, but he died not

knowing the the continent was not Asia but America

ThediscoveryofAmerica

Colegio Bilingüe La Asunción Social Science 5º prim. Unit 8 SPAIN IN THE 15TH AND 16TH CENTURIES

Estefanía López Santos 5

When the Spanish arrived in America, they found a great variety of people.

MAYAS AZTECS INCAS They lived in Central America. They lived in Central America too. They lived in South America. Powerful city-states. Temples in the shape of a pyramid. Their language was Quechua. Advanced writing system. They cultivated corn, vanilla and tomatoes. System of roads. Very advanced in Sciences. Llamas to transport goods.

Spanishexpeditions

Colegio Bilingüe La Asunción Social Science 5º prim. Unit 8 SPAIN IN THE 15TH AND 16TH CENTURIES

Estefanía López Santos 6

Exchangesbetweenthecontinentspumpkin

tobacco

turkey

vanilla

pineapple

potato

tomato

beanstobacco

honeybee

grape onion banana

horse

cocoa

corn

peanuts

sweet potatoes

cow

hen

citrus fruit rice

pig

coffee

wheat

Colegio Bilingüe La Asunción Social Science 5º prim. Unit 8 SPAIN IN THE 15TH AND 16TH CENTURIES

Estefanía López Santos 7

Throughout the 16th century, Carlos I and Felipe I, descendants of the Catholic Monarchs, ruled the most powerful

empire in the world, with territories in Africa, America, Asia and Europe.

THE EMPIRE OF CARLOS I

Ø Carlos I became king in 1516.

Ø He was the first king of the Habsburg dynasty.

Ø He ruled over Spain and his territories in America.

Ø He also inherited the German Empire from his father´s family.

Ø His personal and national motto was “Plus Ultra” (means “Further

beyond”).

Ø Before he died, he divided his empire into two kingdoms:

• He gave his German Empire to his brother, Fernando.

• His son, Felipe II, inherited his Spanish Empire.

TheSpanishEmpire

Colegio Bilingüe La Asunción Social Science 5º prim. Unit 8 SPAIN IN THE 15TH AND 16TH CENTURIES

Estefanía López Santos 8

THE EMPIRE OF FELIPE II

Ø Felipe II became king in 1556.

Ø He established his residence in Madrid.

Ø The Spanish empire expanded under his reign (especially in America).

Ø In 1580, he conquered Portugal.

Ø His reign was a period of wars and conflicts.

Ø In 1571, in the Battle of Lepanto, the Spanish fleet stopped the Turkish Empire from taking control of the

Mediterranean Sea.

Ø These wars were very expensive and the Spanish population became poorer.

TheSpanishEmpire