The Rise of Spain

Centralizing Spain

•Marriage of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon•Catholic monarchs•Created religious orthodoxy

Spanish Inquisition

• Enforce the conversion of Moors and Jews

• Interrogated and punished those questioning Church doctrine

• Reinforced the power of the monarchy

Spain’s Economy

• Colonial Empire– 10 % Crown’s

income– triple silver

resources• 16th century

European Boom• Traded with

France and Italian city-states.

• Supplied the colonies

Spain’s Monarchy

Spanish Hapsburg

• Charles V (son of Joanna) a Hapsburg (1519 - 1558)

• Holy Roman Emperor• Many wars and high

taxation• Philip II inherited

Spain• Developed larger

bureaucracy• Logistics created

difficulties

• Phillip II (1556 – 1598)• Inherited Portugal,

possessed 17 provinces of the Netherlands and the Free County of Burgundy.

• 1550 - 1650• Potosi • Cervantes Don Quixote• Lope de Vega wrote

200 dramas• El Greco, Murillo, and

Velazquez• Jesuit Suarez -

philosphy

Decline of Spain• Overextended• Dutch Revolt• High taxation• Inquisition in land

of Calvinists• Duke of Alba

(Council of Troubles)

Revolt of the Netherlands

• Spanish Road

• Spanish Mutinies

• Spanish Desertion Defeat of the Spanish Armada

• Maurice de Nassau

• Price Revolution (Gold and Silver from America)

• 1568 - 1598 5 times the military expenditures of the Dutch, English and French.

• 1576, epidemics, plagues, harvest failures.

• New taxation (Excise [sales] Tax)

http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~wldciv/world_civ_reader/world_civ_reader_2/don_quixote.html

History• Ruled by Spain (Charles V)

1516 - 1648

• Federalist union

• Defensive alliance against Spain

• Did not want absolutism

• Seven provinces with States General

• Autonomy, provincial sovereignty, and religious pluralism

• Nobility weak economic and political role

• Oligarchy• House of Orange served as

chief officials

• 17th century saw development

• Amsterdam Public Bank backbone of financial operations

• Facilitate foreign trade

• Expanded agriculture

• Land reclamation, increased productivity sustain larger population

• 1630s 2,500 ships accounted for 1/2 of Europe shipping

• Trade monopolies were granted

• Dutch East India Company

• Established company settlements in the East

• Famous mathamatician, physicist, and astronomer

• Father of microbiology.

• Improved the microscope

• Laid foundations for international law

• Freedom of the seas

• Greatest Painters in European history.

• Most important Dutch Painter

• Rival resources of population (England and France)

• Wars against England drained resources.

• Foreign tariffs on Dutch goods

• Colonial empire lagged behind

• Louis XIV

• Industry could not compete (wages and technology)