the bigelow company : manufacturers of the bigelow-hornsby

The Bigelow Company : manufacturers of the Bigelow-Hornsby watertube boiler, also fire tube boilers.Bigelow Company (New Haven, Conn.)[New Haven, Conn. : The Company], c1919.

http://hdl.handle.net/2027/chi.087171890

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THE BI-GELOVV COMPANY

MANUFACTURERS OF

THE BIGEL()\Y-HORNSBY\\’ATER TUBE BOILER

ALSO

FIRE TUBE BOILERS

CATALOGUESFURNISHED upon REQUEST

MAIN OFFICE AND PLANT:NEW HAVEN, CONN.

NEW YORK OFFICE : 85 LIBERTY STREETBOSTON OFFICE: 14-1 MILK STREET

SOUTHEASTERN OFFICE: REALTY BUILDING, CHARLOTTE, N. C.

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Bigelow—Hornsby Boilcr

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SOME OF THE FEATURES OF

THE _BIGELOW-,HORNSBYWATER TUBE BOILERthat meet the requirements ofModern Power House Practice

,

Adapted for Large Units Small ground space occupied

Coldest water meets the coldest gases

Direct heating surface about four times as great as the

average water tube boiler

All parts, both external and internal, readily accessible

All boiler tubes perfectly straight

Circulation of Water and liberation of steam unrestricted

Very dry steam, also ample room for superheaters where

required

High continuous economy due to extreme cleanliness of

the most efficient heating surface

Greatest flexibility, both as to construction and in steam

ing qualities

No cast iron used in any portion of the boiler proper

Constructed both as to workmanship and material in

accordance with the most advanced boiler practice

. -_. ,: J

Copyrighted

The Bigelow Company

New Haven, Conn.

1919

Press ofThe Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor Company

New Haven, Conn.

’ .

THE BIG\ELOW-HORNSBY\\.’A’1‘l+1R TUBE BOILERHE Bigelow-Hornsby VVater Tube Boiler has demonstrated itsability to stand up under the most exacting demands made upon

steam generators in modern central station service, and it has therefore

added the important qualification of durability to the other sterlingqualities possessed by this boiler which have made it the most satisfactory steam generator of large capacity that can be secured.

A notable foreign installation of this boiler is located at the BowStreet Station of the Charing Cross and London Electricity VVorksof London, England, where four boilers are in operation, each containing 21,700 square feet of heating surface, or 2,170 horse power.These were the first boilers of really large capacity installed forcentral station service. Another noteworthy installation of thisboiler in the United States is at the plant of the Hartford ElectricLight Company of Hartford, Connecticut, where 12,500 horse powerare in regular operation. The first installation at this plant (erectedin 1907) consists of two 1,250 horse power units in one setting; asecond installation, of the same capacity, which was installed in 1910,is arranged in two separate settings; in 1915, two¢1,250 horse powerunits were installed; in 1916, one 1,250 horse power unit, and in

1917, two more 1,250 horse power units. A view of this plant isshown on page thirty-three.Many qualifications besides economical evaporative performance,are required of a successful boiler, and we believe that a perusal ofthe following pages will convince the thinking engineer that theBigelow-Hornsby Boiler possesses the more important of them inpractically ideal form, besides being a very eflicient steam generator.VVhen we secured the American rights to manufacture the Hornsbyboiler from England, we re-designed it in regard to details in orderthat it might conform in every point with the best American engineer

ing practice for the highest grade boiler construction. A unit builtfull size was submitted to a hydrostatic test of 1,250 pounds, which it

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Two 500 Horse Power Boilers in a Single Battery, Hand Fired

1,ar/e Iiight

THE BIGELOWV COMPANY, NEVV HAVEN, CONNECTICUT

withstood without rupture, clearly demonstrating the absolute safetyfor a working pressure of 250 pounds, for which this unit wasdesigned. A general idea of the construction can best be obtainedfrom the half-tone cut on page four and the line cut on page eight.It will be noted that the boiler is suspended entirely from overheadbeams through the medium of long hangers, this being the idealmethod of support to permit freedom for expansion.

SIZE OF UNITS AND FLEXIBILITYOF CONSTRUCTION

HE constant trend in engineering practice in the design of central stations is towards the concentration of power in fewer units.

A steam engine of 5,000 horse power was a few years ago regardedas a very large engine; to-day, a 20,000 horse power turbine is no

more unusual. Notwithstanding the prodigious strides that have been

made in increasing turbine capacities, comparatively little has beendone to meet the demand for increased boiler capacity in single units,and to occupy limited floor space. The result has been the expensivedouble and triple deck boiler house design, in an endeavor to arrangethe required boiler capacity opposite the generating units, as is thecommon practice in power house work.The Bigelow-Hornsby boiler was the first attempt at meeting thisdemand for units of extremely large size and compactness, andpossesses the necessary flexibility to permit of its being built in unitsof practically unlimited size. The main steam drum is the only rigidmember used in the construction, and since it is far removed fromthe furnace heat, the length which it can be made is practically withoutlimit. The sections of the boiler, which are made up of four unitseach, are independent of the main steam drum and each other, exceptthrough the medium of nipples, and therefore a boiler of ten or twelvesections width (i

. e., 1,250 or 1,500 horse power) is no more affected

by expansion strains than one composed of three or four sections

(i. e., 375 or 500 horse power).

Page Nine

THE BIGELOVV-HORNSBY VVATER TUBE BOILER

Side View of a Hand Fired Boiler, .\Iodel 10, Showing Hand LanceUsed in Cleaning Soot from Tubes

THE BIGELOW COMPANY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT

FEED AND CIRCULATIONHE general circulation of the water in this boiler is down therear sections and up the front, and in addition to this there is a

rapid circulation in the individual units. Owing to the fact that thewater circulating nipples do not have to care for any of the steamgenerated, and that they are also of considerably larger cross sectionalarea than is generally used for similar capacities in water tube boilers,the circulation of water in the Bigelow-Hornsby boiler is very freeand rapid.The feed enters the top rear unit drums and mingles with thedownward circulating currents in the rear tubes and then passes upthe tubes in the front units. It will be noted that the rear verticalunits (comprising almost half of the heating surface), which are incontact with the cooler gases of combustion, must be traversed bythe feed water before it can come in contact with the direct heatingsurface over the furnace. This feature of counter current flow, orthe coldest water meeting the coldest gases, is a very importantfeature in all apparatus designed to produce maximum economy in thetransmission of heat; its attainment has been sought in the designof many water tube boilers, but in none has it been so thoroughlyaccomplished as in the Bigelow-Hornsby boiler.

SUSTAINED ECONOMYN economical boiler will of course show good economy underA test conditions, but it does not follow that every boiler that

shows high efficiency under test is really economical under every

day working conditions. In some boilers, owing to bent tubes orother peculiar features of construction, a thorough internal cleaning is rendered difficult if not impossible, and a hard boiler to cleancertainly can not give high working efficiency.A standard eleven inch by fifteen inch manhole admits of easyaccess to each nest of twenty-one tubes in the Bigelow-Hornsbyboiler, and all of these tubes are perfectly straight and can be looked

through to ascertain if they are clean or not, without any guessPage Eleren


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Closed Baffle used in third and fourth pass. These Baflles run up and down the

entire length of the tubes between each nest of tubes, and the

gases pass over the tubes transversely

Page ’I,weIre

THE BIGELO\V COMPANY, NE\V HAVEN, CONNECTICUT

work about the matter. A similar inspection can not be madewhere bent tubes are used; and in the usual type of horizontalwater tube boiler a similar inspection would require the removal of

twenty-one times as many cover plates. In consequence of thelabor and expense involved, the operative usually removes a small

percentage of hand hole plates and guesses at the condition of therest.

Besides the ease with which the internal surfaces may be reached

for cleaning in the Bigelow-Hornsby boiler, the direct heatingsurface is fouled with scale much less rapidly than in other types,owing to the counter current method of admitting the feed water,

which permits the depositing of the scale-forming matter contained

in the feed water in the cooler portions of the boiler, where its presencehas less effect on the efficiency. Regarded solely from .a stand

point of evaporative efficiency, the external cleanliness of the heatingsurface of a boiler is of more importance than the cleanliness of thcinterior surfaces. The cut on page fourteen (which is self-explanatory) shows the method of externally cleaning the heating surfaceon the Bigelo\v-Hornsby boiler. No boiler on the market can excelit in this respect.The jet of steam, or air used for blowing, is applied directly tothe surface to be cleaned, and the soot removed falls to the chamberbeneath the drums without a chance to lodge on any other heatingsurface. There are no inaccessible corners that can not be reached.If desired, automatic soot blowers can be installed. The above factsregarding the Bigelow-Hornsby boiler have rendered its sustainedeconomy under every day working conditions remarkable.

LARGE PERCENTAGE OF DIRECTHEATING SURFACE

HE modern idea in economical central station operation is tokeep in use only enough boilers to produce high efficiency for the

average load and to force these to extreme limits to carry the peakload; therefore, a boiler suitable for such service must be capable of

Page Thirteen

THE BIGELOW COMPANY, NE\V HAVEN, CONNECTICUT

being forced far beyond its rated capacity. No other point about thedesign of a boiler is so important a factor in determining its abilityto carry heavy overloads as the ratio of direct heating surface tototal heating surface.

-

The Bigelow-Hornsby boiler is pre-eminent in this respect, for over

12% of the total heating surface is direct heating surface, while in

the horizontal type of water tube boiler only 21/3% to 3% of the

heating surface is similarly located, and in the usual vertical typeabout 6%.

BAFFLING AND SMOKE FLUE CONNECTIOX

HE arrangement of bafliing in the Bigelow-Hornsby boiler isunique; the cut on pages twelve and fourteen gives a general idea

of the path of the gases from the furnace. All experiments made onthe transmission of heat in boiler operation show that the thinness ofthe streams of gas passing over the heating surface is one of the mostimportant factors contributing to rapid heat transfer.

No other water tube boiler passes the gases over the heating surfacein such thin streams as is done in the Bigelow-Hornsby boiler. Notwithstanding the narrowness of the passages for the gases, thefrictional resistance to the products of combustion through the boileris below the average, because the path of the gases from the furnaceto the stack is direct and ample area is supplied in the length of the

passages, the openings between the tubes extending their entire length.

As may be seen by reference to the cuts on pages twelve andfourteen, the gases are compelled to pass over the heating surface

uniformly at every point, for there are no large unrestricted areasparalleled by heating surface in the direction of flow to permit the

short-cireuiting of the gases, as is common in many types of watertube boilers. Tests have shown that the temperature in any vertical

passage in the Bigelow-Hornsby boiler varies less than 50° from topto bottom when operating at rating. The flue connection may bemade at either the top or the bottom along the rear wall.

Page F1:/Teen

THF. BIGELOW-HORNSBY VVATER TUBE BOILER

\\\\\\\

Side view of Model 12 Boiler, Stoker Fired, equipped with superheater

Page Si."teen


FREE LIBERATION OF STEAM

HE liberation of the steam generated in the Bigelow-Hornsbyboiler is entirely unrestricted, each nest of twenty-one tubes

communicating directly with a unit drum containing a liberating sur

face of about four times their cross sectional area, and the steam andwater are passed from these drums by separate nipples to the main

steam drum. This large liberating surface insures dry steam.

SUPERHEATING

HERE superheated steam is required ample room beneath themain drum is available for the installation of practically any

form of superheater desired. The cut on page sixteen shows theapplication of the Foster Superheater to this boiler.

ACCESSIBILITY

ESIDES the perfect accessibility for cleaning both externallyB and internally, the Bigelow-Hornsby boiler is one of the mostaccessible for repairs. The tubes can be removed through the frontor sides or through the top, according to the method rendered easiest

by surrounding conditions. The tubes that are the most likely to bedamaged are the ones that are the easiest to reach. All the bafile tilecan be reached directly, for there is ample space to permit entrancebetween the units. The boiler tubes are all perfectly straight andthere are only two lengths used. The twenty-one tubes in each unitare reached internally by the removal of a single standard size manhole; this feature will appeal strongly to those who have had experience with the time and expense required to remove the many small

handhole plates as it is necessary to do in order to gain access to theinterior of the tubes in many water tube boilers of the horizontal type.

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Showing one of the many arrangements of settings that are readily

adaptable to the Bigelow-Hornsby boiler

Page Eighteen

THE BIGELOW CO\IPANY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT

FURNACE

INCE boiler efficiency, as usually understood, is a combinationof furnace efficiency and actual boiler efficiency, or the ability to

absorb heat, it is very evident that unless in the arrangement of a

boiler and its setting, proper provision is made to secure complete

combustion of the fuel, maximum economy can not result, no matterhow eflicient the heating surface may be in absorbing heat.

The importance of furnace efliciency is better understood to-daythan ever before, and many engineers have endeavored to accomplish

perfect combustion under boilers that are not suited for the purpose,by raising them high above the grate or by baflling off the lower tubesso that the gases will have to traverse a greater space before comingin contact with the heating surface.

A glance at the cut on page sixteen will show how the usual arrangement of the furnace in the Bigelow-Hornsby boiler is the ideal onefor securing perfect combustion, for the furnace is correctly shapedand of ample area, and it is not necessary to cover with tile the most

eflicient heat-absorbing surface in order to obtain the highest furnace

temperature and perfect combustion. Practically any ratio of grateto heating surface that is desired can be obtained with this boiler.

This feature makes possible the use of very low grade fuels wheretheir use is desirable.

STREL "GTH AND SAFETY

HE sectional construction renders it possible to make this boilerof great strength to resist strains brought upon it by internal

pressure. It is regularly constructed for a working pressure of 225pounds based upon a factor of safety of five. It is one thing to claimstrength for a boiler design based on calculations, and another todemonstrate this strength by actual test; the strength of the BigelowHornsby boiler has been demonstrated by test.

Page Nineteen

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Page Twenty


FREEDOM FROM TUBE_

FAILUREST has been the experience of users of the water tube type ofboiler that the greatest number of repairs have been occasioned by

tube failures, and that the principal cause of such failures has been the

overheating of the tubes exposed to the direct heat of the furnace.

This overheating is generally due to an accumulation of scale inside

the tube or the lack of freedom for the liberation of steam, which is

formed very rapidly in the tubes exposed to the furnace temperature.Use has demonstrated that the Bigelow-Hornsby boiler is very free

from such failures. This is on account of the exceptional freedom

of liberation and extreme cleanliness of the surface exposed to the

highest temperatures, insuring that these surfaces are at all times in

intimate contact with the contained water.

PORTABILITYYINCE the Bigelow-Hornsby boiler is of sectional construction itcan be erected in buildings already constructed without requiring

openings of excessive size to admit the parts. The weight of theheaviest single part (excepting the main steam drmn, which varies

with the size of the boiler) is about three thousand pounds. The mainsteam drum is 54 inches in diameter and the unit drums are 26 inches

in diameter.

NIPPLINGLL nipples used in the Bigelow-Hornsby boiler are made ofseamless steel tubing, four gauges heavier than standard thick

ness. None of the nipples are subjected to severe strains, and use

has demonstrated the entire freedom from nipple trouble in this

boiler.

CONSTRUCTIONHE unit drums are made interchangeable, this being accomplished by expanding the tubes in the heads of these drums while

they are scarcely fastened in a jig; the cut on page twenty illustrateshow this is done.

Page Twenty-one


SOME INSTALLATIONSor THE

BIGELOVV-HORNSBY VVATER TUBE BOILER

American Brass Co.,**

VVaterbury Brass Branch, \Vaterbury, Conn. -1~—500 H. P.units—2000 H. P.

Ansonia Brass & Copper Branch, Ansonia, Conn. 2-1000 H. P."2000 H. P.

Coe Brass Branch, Torrington, Conn. 4--1000 H. P. “ -1-000 H. P.

C. H. Tenney & Co., Boston, Mass.,********

Salem Electric Lighting Co., Salem, Mass. 4- 750 H. P. “ 3000 H. P.

Springfield Gas Light Co., Springfield, Mass. 2- 500 H. P. " 1000 H. P.

Fitchburg Gas & Electric Co., Fitchburg, Mass. 3- 500 H. P."1500 H. P.

Haverhill Electric Co., Haverhill, Mass. 2- 625 H. P. " 1250 H. P.

Consolidated Lighting Co., Montpelier, Vt. 2- 625 H. P. " 1250 H. P.

Great Northern Power Co., Virginia, Minn. 2- 500 H. P. " 1000 H. P.

Hartford Electric Light Co., Hartford, Conn. 9-1250 H. P. " 11250 H. P.

Henry L. Doherty Co., New York,*** 2- 500 H. P. " 1000 H. P.

6- 750 H. P. “ 4-500 I-I. P.

St. Joseph Ry., Light & Power Co., St. Joseph, Mo. 2-1000 H. P.“2000 H. P.

Toledo Railways & Light Co., Toledo, O. 4-1375 H. P. " 5500 H. P.

Housatonic Power Co., VVaterbury, Conn.**** 16- 500 H. P. " 8000 H. P.

Meridcn Electric Light Co., Meridcn, Conn.* -1- 625 H. P. “ 2500 H. P.

N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R. Co.,**

Cos Cob Power House, Cos Cob, Conn. 11-- 625 H. P. " 8750 H. P.

Cedar Hill Power House, New Haven, Conn. 2- 500 H. P. “ 1000 H. P.

New Haven Gas Light Co.* ~1-- 375 H. P. " 1500 H. P.

Niagara, Lockport & Ontario Power Co.* 4- 750 H. P. “ 3000 H. P.

Lyons, N. Y. 3-1000 H. P."3000 H. P.

Rochester Railway & Light Co., Rochester, N. Y.** 10- 875 H. P."8750 H. P.

The Connecticut Co., New Haven, Conn.* 8- 625 H. P. “ 5000 H. P.

The Rhode Island Company, Providence, R. I. 8- 625 H. P. -“ 5000 H. P.

71* NTmber of orders in addition to the first order

Page T/ranty-two

THE BIGELOW-HORNSBY VVATER TUBE BOILER

Double ended boiler built in units from 1,500 horse power

to 3,000 horse power

Page Twenty-three

THE BIGELOW-HORNSBY WATER TUBE BOILER

End of Unit showing construction of Tube Heads

Page Twenty-four


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THE BIGELOW-HORNSBY \\,ATER TUBE BOILER

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Four of the sixteen 500 horse power Bigelow-Hornsby boilers at the Housatonic

Power (,ompany, “,atcrbury, Conn.

Page Twenty-.wir


Four 750 horse power boilers at the Winchester Repeating Arms Company,New Haven, Conn.

Page Twenty-seren

THE BIGELOW-HORNSBY WATER TUBE BOILER

.\Ieriden Electric Light Co.Equipped with Bigelow-Hornsby Boilers

Page Twenty-right

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Niagara,Lockport

andOntarioPowerCompany,Lyons,NewYork.Equippedwithfour750horsepowerandthree1000horse

powerBigelow-Hornsby

boilers

THE BIGELOVV-HORNSBY WATER TUBE BOILER

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Boiler house of the Rochester Railway and Light Companyin the course of construction

Page Thirty


Rochester Railway and Light Company, Rochester, New York

Containing ten 875 horse power Bigelow-Hornsby boilers

Page Thirty-one

om1-/2-1.1;:/KL;l»'n(I

SalemElectricLightCompany,Salem,Mass.

EquippedwithBigelow-Hornsby

Boilers


Two of the Nine 1,250 horse power Bigelow-Hornsby Boilers at theHartford Electric Light Company, Hartford, Conn.

Faye Thirty-three


Power House of the Rhode Island Company, Providence, R. I.

Page Thi rt1/-fuur

THTETBIIGELOW COMPANY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT

Four of the Eight 625 horse power Bigelow-Hornsby Boilers at theRhode Island Company, Providence, R. I.

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Fourteen 625 horse power Bigelow-Hornsby Boilers at Cos Cob Power House

of The New York, New Haven & Hartford R. R. Company, Cos Cob, Conn.

Page Thirty-seren

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Page Forty

THE BIGELO\V-HORNSBY \VATER TUBE BOILER

Four 375 horse power Bigelow-Hornsby Boilers at the

New Haven Gas Light Company, New Haven, Conn.

Page Forty-one

SATURATED

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1.7431

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0.00845

0.2008

1.6840

1.8848

3

0.01107

0.2198

1.6416

1.8614

4

0.01364

0.2348

1.6804

1.8432

5

0.01616

0.2471

1.5814

1.8285

6

0.01867

0.2579

1.5582

1.8161

7

0.02115

0.2673

1.5380

1.8053

8

0.02361

0.2756

1.5202

1.7958

9

0.02606

0.2832

1.5042

1.7874

10

0.03806

0.3133

1.4416

1.7549

15

0.04980

0.3355

1.3965

1.7320

20

0.0614

0.3532

1.3604

1.7136

25

0.0728

0.3680

1.3311

1.6991

30

0.0841

0.3808

1.3060

1.6868

35

0.0953

1.3920

1.2841

1.6761

40

0.1065

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0.4021

1.2644

1.6665

45

0.1175

0.4113

1.2468

1.6581

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0.1285

0.4196

1.2309

1.6505

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0.1394

0.4272

1.2160

1.6432

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0.1503

0.4344

1.2024

1 .636.\-

65

0.1612

0.4411

1.1896

1.6307

70

0.1721

0.4474

1.1778

1.6252

75

0.1829

0.4535

1.1665

1.6200

80

0.1937

0.4590

1.1561

1.6151

85

0.2044

0.4644

1.1461

1.6105

90

0.2151

0.4694

1.1367

1.6061

95

0.2258

0.4743

1.1277

1.6020

100

0.2365

0.4789

1.1191

1.5980

105

0.2472

0.4834

1.1108

1.5942

110

0.2577

0.4877

1.1030

1.5907

115

0.2683

0.4919

1.0954

1.5873

120

0.2791

0.4959

1.0880

1.5839

125

0.2897

0.4998

1.0809

1 .5807

130

AEISNHOH'MO'IEI{)IHElH.L IIEITIOH'EI$II1.I.Hf-I.LVA\

SATURATED

STEAM

PRESSURE

TABLE——Continued

TakenbypermissionfromMarksandDavis‘TablesandDiagrams.copyrightI909byLonizmans,Green

dz

Co.

Sp.VolDensity

Press.Temp.

cu.

fl

lbs.per

lbs

Deg.

I"

perlb

cu

ft

p

t

vor

s

l/v

135350.3

3.331

0.3002

140353.1

3.2190.3107

145355.8

3.1120.3213

150358.5

3.012

0.3320

155361.0

2.9200.3425

160363.6

2.834

0.3529

165366.0

2.753

0.3633

170368.5

2.6750.3738

175370.8

2.6020.3843

180373.1

2.533

0.3948

185375.4

2.4680.4052

190377.6

2.4060.4157

195379.8

2.3460.4262

200381.9

2.2900.437

205384.0

2.2370.447

210386.0

2.1870.457

215388.0

2.1380.468

220389.9

2.0910.478

225391.9

2.0460.489

230393.8

2.0040.499

235395.6

1.9640.509

240397.4

1.9240.520

245399.3

1.8870.530

250401.1

1.8500.541

Latent

heal.of

-

evap

Lorr

869.9

867.6

865.4

863.2

861.0

858.8

856.8

854.7

852.7

850.8

848.8

846.9

845.0

843.2

841.4

839.6

837.9

836.2

834.4

832.8

831.1

829.5

827.9

826.3

InternalEnergy

Tmi

B.

t.

u.

E‘“ro‘”’

heato1,

Press.

steam

lbs.

Evap

Water

Evap.

Steam

H

~norfl

1./Torr/T

N

or

Ii!

1191.6787.5

1108.7

0.5035

1.0742

1.5777

135

1192.2785.0

1109.2

0.5072

1.0675

1.5747

140

1192.8782.7

1109.6

0.5107

1.0612

1.5719

145

1193.4780.4

1110.1

0.5142

1.0550

1.5692

150

1194.0778.1

1110.5

0.5175

1.0489

1.5664

155

1194.5775.8

1110.9

0.5208

1.0431

1.5639

160

1195.0773.6

1111.3

0.5239

1.0376

1.5615

165

1195.4771.5

1111.7

0.5269

1.0321

1.5590

170

1195.9769.4

1112.0

0.5299

1.0268

1.5567

175

1196.4767.4

1112.4

0.5328

1.0215

1.5543

180

1196.8765.4

1112.8

0.5356

1.0164

1.5520

185

1197.3763.41113.1

0.5384

1.0114

1.5498

190

1197.7761.4

1113.4

0.5410

1.0066

1.5476

195

1198.1759.5

1113.7

0.5437

1.0019

1.5456

200

1198.5757.6

1114.0

0.5463

0.9973

1.5436

205

1198.8755.8

1114.4

0.5488

0.9928

1.5416

210

1199.2754.0

1114.6

0.5513

0.9885

1.5398

215

1199.6752.3

1114.9

0.5538

0.9841

1.5379

220

1199.9750.5

lll5.2

0.5562

0.9799

1.5361

225

1200.2748.8

1115.4

0.5586

0.9758

1.5344

230

1200.6747.0

1115.7

0.5610

0.9717

1.5327

235

1200.9745.41115.9

0.5633

0.9676

1.5309

240

1201.2743.7

1116.2

0.5655

0.9638

1.5293

245

1201.5742.0

1116.4

0.5676

0.9600

1.5276

250

*1

atmo(standardatmosphere)=760mms.of1-lg.bydcf.=29921ins.ofHg.=H.969lbs.persq.in.

Forwater,at15lbs..sp.vol.,

v,

or¢T=0.0l67cu.ft.perlb.;1/v'=59.8lbspt-rcu.IL;144Apv'=0.05B.

t.

u.

Forwater,at40lbs

,

sp.vol.,

v'

orU=0.0171cu.ft.perlb.;1/v'=58.3lbs.percu.ft.;144Apv'=‘l3B.

t.

u.

T°=1°-i-459.6;J =777.5ft.lbs.perB.

t

u.|log=2.89071];

A

=1/J=1.286X10-3;144A=0.1852[log=1.26764].

Forwater,at65lbs

,

sp.

Forwater,at90lbs.,sp.






Forwater,at240lbs,sp.

vol.,v'or6=0.0174cu.

vol.,v'or¢=0.0l76cu.

vol.,v'orU=0.0l78cu.

vol.,v'orU=0.0l80cu

vol.,v'or<7=0.0182cu.

vol.,v'or¢7=0.0184eu.

vol.,v'orl7=-0.0185eu.

vol.,v'or0=0.0186cu.

--.-.-.---.—|-.¢-»e~sevf~ne»v

perlb.;1/v'=57.4lbs

.

perlb.;l/v'=56.8lbs.

.perlb.;1/v'=56.0lbs.

perlb.;I/v'=55.4lbs.

.pcrlb.;1/v'-=54.9lbs.

perlb.;1/v'=54,5lbs.

perlb.;l/v,=54.0lbs.

perlb.;1/v'=53.6lbs.

percu.

percu.

percu.

percu.

percu.

percu.

percu.

percu.

--.-.-.-.--.-.-..—.r,-.~""~,

144Apv'=0.21B.

;H4.-\pv'=0.30B.

;144Apv'=0.38B.

.;

144Apv'=0.47B.

.;

H4Apv'=0.56B.

;144Apv'=0.65B.

;144Apv,-=0.74B.

;144Ap\"=0.83B.

rrrrrrreFF=E=FF.=

.\.l.

.Lf1I)I.I.Z)’.EINNOI)-NHAVHMEIN-.KNV<II\IOQAXOTHOIHE11-I.L

aa.u{1-fi1.mn.[a6nJ

THE BI(iELOW-HORNSBY. VVATER TUBE BOILER

SLTERHEATED STEAMTulu-n by p‘‘T1-l1i...§io1lfrom Marks and Davis, Tables and Diagrams, copyright 1909 by lmngmam, Grccn & (,o.

DEGREE5 OF --\.,1,l,l-IRl1F..\,I,

. nT T T Tl,rc:.s. \\,flU.,r -8111. 10° 20° 30° 40° 50° 60° 70° 80° 90° 100°1.11:5. -Qlfiuln

I. 1, 4’. -1 _

100 t 327.8 337.8 347.8 357.8 367.8 377.8 387.8 397.8 407.8 417.8 427.8V 0.02 4.43 4.51 4.58 4.05 4.72 4.70 4.86 4.03 5.00 5.07 5.1411 208.3 1186.3 1102.0 1197.5 12030 1208.4 1213.8 1210 1 1224.3 1229.5 1234.0 1239.7n 0.4743 1.6020 1.6091 1.6160 1.6228 1.6294 1.6358 1.6420 1.6481 1.6541 1.6600 1.6658

125t 344.4 354.4 304.4 374.4 384.4 394.4 401.4 414.4 424.4 434.4 444.4V 0.02 3.58 3.64 3.700 3.76 3.82 3.88 3.94 4.00 4.06 4.11 4.171! 31.5.5 1190.3 1196.2 12020 1207.7 1213.3 12188 1224.2 1229.5 1234.8 12400 1245.1n 0.4959 1.5839 1.5913 1.5983 1.6052 16119 16183 1.6246 1.6307 1.6367 1.6426 16484

150 t 358.5 368.5 378.5 388 5 398.5 4085 418.5 428.5 438.5 448.5 458.5V 0.02 3.01 3.06 3.11 3.17 3.22 3.27 3.32 3.37 3.42 3.46 3.51h 330.2 1193.4 1199.6 1205.7 1211.6 12173 12230 1228.5 1233.9 1239.2 1244.4 1249.6n 0.5142 1.5692 1.5768 1.5840 1.5910 15978 1.6043 1.6106 1.6168 1.6227 1.6286 1.6343

175 t 370.8 380.8 390.8 400.8 410.8 420 8 430.8 440.8 450.8 460.8 470.8V 0.02 2.60 2.65 2.69 2.74 2.78 2.83 2.87 2.91 2.96 3.00 3.04h 343.2 1195.9 1202.5 1208.8 1214.9 1220.8 1226.6 12322 1237.7 1243.0 1248.3 1253.6n 05299 1.5567 1.5646 1.5720 1.5792 1.5860 15926 15989 1.6051 1.6110 1.6168 1.6224

200 t 381.9 391.9 4019 411.9 421.9 431.9 441.9 451.9 461.9 471.9 4819V 0.02 2.29 2.33 2.37 2.11 2 4') 2.49 2.53 2.57 2.61 2.64 2.68h 354.9 1198.1 1205.0 1211.6 1217.8 1223.9 1229.8 1235.5 1241.1 1246.5 1251.8 1257 1n 0.5437 1.5456 1.5538 1.5614 1.5687 1.5757 15823 15886 1.5947 1.6007 1.6064 1.6120

225 t 391.9 401.9 411.9 421.9 4319 4419 451.9 461.9 471.9 481.9 491.9V 0.02 2.05 2.09 2.12 2.15 2 19 2.23 2.26 2.30 2.33 2.37 2 40h 365. 1199.9 1207.2 1214 1 1220.5 1226.8 1232 7 1238.5 1244 1 1249.5 1254.9 1260.25n 0.5562 1.5361 1.5447 15525 1.5600 15671 1.5738 15800 1.5861 1.5920 1.5977 1.6033

250 t 401.0 411.0 421.0 431.0 441.0 451.0 461.0 471.0 481.0 491.0 501.0V 0.02 1.85 1.88 1.91 1.95 1.98 2.02 2.05 2.08 2.11 2.14 2.17h 375.2 1201.5 1209.2 1216.3 1223.0 1229.3 1235.4 1241.3 1246.9 1252.3 1257 7 1263.0n 0.5676 1.5276 1.5364 1.5445 1.5521 1.5593 1.5660 1.5723 1.5784 1.5843 1.5900 1.5956

275 t 409.6 419.6 429.6 439.6 449.6 459.6 469.6 479.6 489.6 499.6 509.6V 0.02 1.69 1.72 1 75 1 78 1.81 1 84 1.87 1.90 1.93 1.96 1.99h - 384.3 1202.9 1210.9 1218.3 1225.3 1231.8 1237.9 1243.8 1249.4 1254.9 1260.3 1265.7

5592 1.5656 1.5716 1.5775 1.5831 1.58861

n 0.5780 1.5199 1.5291 1.5375 1.5452 1.5524 1."

300 t 417.5 427.5 437.5 447.5 457.5 467 5 477.5 487.5 497.5 507.5 517.5V 0.02 1.55 1.58 1.60 1.63 1.66 1.69 1.72 1.75 1.78 1.80 1.83h 392.7 1204.1 1212.6 1220.2 1227.4 1234 1 1240.3 1246.2 1251.9 1257 4 1262.8 1268.2n 0.5878 1.5129 1.5224 1.5310 1.5389 1.5462 1.5530 1.5594 1.5655 1.5713 1.5769 1.5824

I - l -

t= tr.-n1pcraturein F. dogs. T°Fahr. absolute = to-+-459.60 Internal energyV:-,sp.vol.incu.f1. per lb. J =777.5 ft. lbs. per B. t. u. [log= 2.89 071]. =total heat—-144 Apvh =total heat in B. t. u. A =1 /J =1.286X10-3 B t u per ft. lb. [$.10 929]. Values for saturated steamn =entropy. 144 A =0.1852 [log= T26 764]. are given in table on page 64.

C0:~:v1-:ns10.\,raou I\1E"rmc Ur~:-1*s1 kg. pcr sq. cm.=14.22 lbs. per sq. in. [log= 1.15 300]. 1 cu. metcr=35.31 cu ft. [log=1.54 795].

To change degs. C. to dogs. F., multiply by I-1,

and add 32. To change mean kg.<‘:llorlesper kg. to mean B. t. u per lb . multiply by 2

,-,

Entropy same in both systems

l,a1]:, I"ort1/-four

THE BIGELOW CO.\IPANY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT

SUPERHEATED STEAMTaken by permission from Marks and Davis, Tables and Diagrams, copyright 1909 by Longmans, Green 6: Co

DEG REES OF SUPE RHEAT

1 1- T w r* T -' * 1

110° 120° 130° 140° 150° 160° 170° 180° 190° 200° 250° 300° Press.Lbs.

., J>——- Q .h -0- <¢ 47 4—- .= .7 =6-—

437.8 447.8 457.8 467.8 477.8 487.8 497.8 507.8 517.8 527.8 577.8 627.8 t 100

5.21 5.27 H 5.34 5.41 5.47 5.54 5.61 5.67 4.74 5.80 6.12 6.44 V1244.7 1249.7 1254.7 1259.7 1264.7 1269.6 1274.6 1279.-5 1284.5 1289.4 1313.6 1337.7 h

1.6714 1.6770 1.6826 1 6880 1.6933 1.6985 1.7037 1.7088 1.7138 1.7188 1.7428 1.7656 n

454.4 464.4 474.4 484.4 494.4 504.4 514.4 524.4 534.4 544.4 594.4 644.4 t 1254.22 4.28 4.33 4.39 4.45 4.50 4.55 4.60 4.65 4.71 4.97 5.23 V1250.2 1255.3

-12604 1265.4 1270.4 1275.4 1280.3 1285.3 1290.3 1295.2 1319.5 1343.8 h

1.6540 1.6595 1.6650 1.6703 1 6755 1.6807 1.6858 1.6909 1.6959 1.7007 1.7245 1.7470 n

468.5 478.5 488.5 498.5 508.5 518.5 528.5 538.5 548.5 558.5 608.5 658.5 t 1503.56 3.61 3.66 3.70 3.75 3.79 3.84 3.88 3.92 3.97 4.19 4.41 V1254.8 1259.9 1265.0 1270.1 1275 1 1280 1 1285 1 1290.1 1295.0 1300.0 1324.5 1348.8 1

.‘!

1.6399 1.6453 1.6507 1 6560 1.6612 1.6663 1 6714 1.6764 1.6813 1.6862 1.7097 1.7320 n

480.8 490.8 500.8 510.8 520.8 530.8 540.8 550.8 560.8 570.8 620.8 670.8 t 1753.08 3.12 3.16 3.20 3.24 3.28 3.32 3.36 3.40 3.44 3.63 3.82 V

1258.8 1263.9 1269.0 1274 1 1279 1 1284.2 1289.2 1294.2 1299.1 1301.1 1328.7 1353.2 h

1.6280 1.6334 1.6387 1.6439 1 6491 1.6542 1 1.6592 1.6642 1.6691 1.6740 1.6971 1.7193 n

491.9 501.9 511.9 521.9 531.9 541.9 551.9 561.9 571.9 581.9 631.9 681.9 t 2002.72 2.76 2.79 2.83 2.86 2.90 2.94 2.97 3.00 3.04 3.21 3.38 V1262.3 1267.4 1272.5 1277.6 1282.6 1287 7 1292.8 1297.8 1302.7 1307.7 1332.4 1357.0 h

1.6175 1.6229 1.6282 1.6334 1.6385 1 6435 1.6485 1.6534 1.6583 1.6632 1.6862 1.7082 n

- 1

501.9 511.9 521.9 531.9 541.9 551.9 561.9 571.9 581.9 591.9 641.9 ; 691.9 t 2252.43 2.47 2.50 2.53 2.57 2.60 2.63 2.66 2.69 2.72 2.88 3.03 V1265.4 1270.5 1275.7 1280.8 1285.9 1290.9 1296.0 1301.0 1305.9 1310.9 1335.7 1360.3

1,1

1.6088 1.6141 1.6194 1.6215 1.6296 1 6346 1.6396 1.6445 1.6493 1.6542 1.6771 1.6988n

511.0 521.0 I 531.0 541.0 551.0 561.0 571.0 581.0 591.0 601.0 651.0 701.0 t 2502.21 2.24 2.27 2.30 2.33 2.36 2.38 2.41 2.44 2.47 2.61 2.75 V1268.2 1273.4 1278.6 1283 7 1288.8 1293.8 1298.9 1303.9 1308.9 1313.9 1338.8 1363.5 h

1.6010 1.6062 1.6114 1.6165 16216 16266 1.6315 1.6364 1.6412 1.6460L1.6688 1.6905 n

519.6 529.6 539.6 519.6 559.6 569.6 579.6 589.6 599.6 609.6 659.6 709.6 t 2752.02 2.04 2.07 2.10 2.13 2.16 2.18 2.21 2.24 2.26 2.39 2.52 V

1271.0 1276.1 1281.2 1286.3 1291.4 1296.5 1301.6 1306.7 1311.7 1316.7 1341.6 1366.5 h

1.5940 1.5993 1.6041 1.6095 1.6115 1.6195 1.6244 1.6292 1.63.10 1.6388 1.6616 1.6831 n

527.5 537.5 547.5 557.5 567.5 577.5 587.5 597.5 607.5 617.5 667.5 717.5 t3001.86 1.88 1.91 1.94 1.96 1.99 2.01 2.04 2.06 2.09 2.21 2.33 V

1273.4 1278.6 1283.7 1288.9 1294.0 1299.1 1301.1 1309.2 1314.2 1319.3 1344.3 1369 2 h

1,5878 1.5930 1.5981 1.6032 1.6082 1.6131 1.6180 1.6228 1.6275 1.6323 1.6550 1.6765 n

1

t-=temperature in F. dogs. T° Fahr. abwlute:t°+459.6°. Internal energyV=sp. vol. in cu. ft. per b. J =777.5 ft. lbs. per B. t. u. [log=2.89 071]. = total heat—144 Apv.

h =total heat in 13.t. u. ..\

=1/J =1.286><10-1-B. t. u. _‘.‘r11.lb. [1.10 929]. Values for saturated st<-umn=entropy. 144 A =0.1852 [log= T.26 7641. are given in table on page 64.

C.N\,BRS10.\, FR.M .\1ETR1C 1.,.\,11*s

1 kg. per sq. cm.= 14.22 lbs. per sq. in. [log=1.l5 300]. 1 cu. metcr=3-3.31 cu. ft. [log= 1.54 795].To change degs. C. to dogs. 1-'.,muluply by Q

,

and :uld 32. To chamzomean kg.calories per kg. to mean B. t. u. per 1b., muluply by 1

;-,

Emropy sumo in both sy.,=1e1ns.

I,a1/e Fort3/-fi re


TABLE OF LBS. OF WATER EVAPORATED FROM AND AT Zl2° F., SHOWING PER CENT4

'§,:l‘,§- 100999397 90959493 92 91 90393337 3035343332 31 3079 73 7715.000. 155 15.315.215.014.914.7214014.414.314.114.0.13.913.013.513.313.213.012.912.712.012.412.212.111.914,900.\15.415.215.114.914.314.0114.514.314.214.013913.7 13.513.413.213.112.912.312.012.512.312.212.011.914,300..,15.315.215.014.314.714514.414.214.113.913.313.013.513.313.213.012.912.712.5124 12.212.111.911.314,700..15.215.114.914.314.014514.3 14.214.013.313.7-13513.413.213.112.91-2.312.012.512.312.212.011.911.714,000..15.115.014.314.014.514.3142 14.113.913.713.013.413.313.113.012.31127125 12.412.212111.911.311.014,500 §15.014.914.714.014.414.2‘14.114.013.313.013513.4 13.213.112.912.312.012..512.312.212011.911.711.014,400..-14.914.314.014.514.314.214.013.913.713.013.4133 13.113.012.312.712.512.412.212.211.911.311.011.514,300.,14.314.714.514.414.214.113.913.313.013.513.313.213.012.912.712012.4 12.312.112.011.3,11.711.511.414,200..14.714.014.414.314.114.013.313.713.513.413.-213.112.912.312.012512.312.312.111.911.3511011.511.314.100. 14.014.514.314.214.01.3..91:1.713.013.413.313.1,13.012.312.7125 12.4112312.112.011.311.711.511.411.214,000 14.514.414.214.113.913313.0 13.513.313.213.01-2.912.312.012.512312.212.011.911.711011.411.311.213,900. 14.414.314.114.013.313.7135 13.413.213.113112.3 12.712.512.412.212.111.911.311.711.51|11.411.211.113.300 14.314.214.013.913.7130,134 13.313.113.012912.7 12.012.412.312.112.011.911.711.011411.311.211.013,700 14.214.113.913.313.013.5-13.313.213.112.912332.0 12.512.412.212.1111911.311.011.511.4;11.211.110.913,000.214.113.913.313.713.513.413.213.113.012.312.712.512.412.3.12.112.0,11.311.711.011.411.311.1110 10.313.500. 14.013.313.713.013.413313.1 13.012.9127 12.012.412.312.312.0,11.9,11.711.011.511.311.211.0109 10.3-13,400. 13.913.713.013.413.313.213.012.912.312.012.512.312.212.111.911311.011.511.411.211.111.010.310.713.300 13.313.013.513.413.213.112.912.312.712.512412.3 12.112.011.311.7,11.011.4113 11.211.010.910.710.013,200. 13.713.5134 13.313.113.012.312.712.012.412312.2 12.011.911.311.011511.311.211.110.910.310.710.513.100..1.:1.013.413.313.2i3.0I12.912.7.12.012..512.3.12.2,12.1119.11.311.711..5;11.411.311.111.010.310.710.0.10;413.000. 13.513.313.213.112.912312.012.512.412.212.1-12.0_11.31‘117"1.1.0,11.411.311.211.010.910.310.010.510.412,900. 13.413.213.113.012.312.712.012.412.312.212.0f11.911.311.011.511.4111211.111.010.310.710.010.410.312.300. 13.313.113.012.312.712.012..512.312.212.111.911.311.711.511.411.3;11.111.010.910.710.010.510.310.212,700. 13.213.012.912.312.012.512.412.212.112.011.3.11.711.011.411.311.2-11.010.910.310.710.5110.410.310.1_12,000..13.0 12.912.312.712.512.412.312..112.011.911;7|.11.011.511.3.11..211.111.0.10.3.10..10.010.410.310.210.012,500. 12.912.312.7T2T1f12.412.312.212.011.911.311.0,'1'1.511.411.3111 11.010.910.710.010.510.310.210.19.9712,400. 12.312.712.012.512.312.212.111.911.311.711511.411.311.211.010.910.310.710.510.410.310.110.09.3912,300..12.712.012.512.412.212.112.011.311.711.011.4,'11.311.211.111.010.310.710.010.410.310.210.19.939.3112,200..12.012.512.412.312.112.011.911.711.011.511411.211.111.010.910.710.010.510.410.210.19.939.359.73.12,100..12.512.412.312.212.011911.311.011.511.411.3‘11.111.010.91.0. 10.010.510.410.310.110.09.399.779.0412,000. 12.412.312.212.111.911.311.711.511.411.311.211.110.910.310.710.0,10.410.310.210.19.949..32'9.709.5711,900. 12.312.212.11,.0 11.311.711.011.511.311.211.111.0103 10.710.010.510.410.210.19.939,359.739.019.4911,300..12.212.112.011.911.711.011.511.411.211.111.010.9.10.720.010.510.410.310.110.09.909.77|9.059.529.4111,700. 12.112.011.911.311.011.511.411.311.111.0109,10.310.710.510.410.310.210.19.949.329.709..-539.459.3411,000. 12.011.911.311.711.511.411.311.211.010.910.310.710.010.410.310.210.19.909.35973 9.019499.379.2511,500,119 11.I3.11.7-i1.0.11.411.3-11.211.111,.,010.3"1'1T7:10.010.510410.2 10.110.09.399.779.059.53,9T4*1

9.29'9.,1,311,400 11.311.711.011.511.311.211.1,11.010.910.710010.5 10.410.310.210.09.929.309.039.509.449.329.209.0911,300. 117 110 11.511.311.211.111.010.910.310.010510.4 103 10.210.19.949.339.719.599.439.309249.129.0111,200..11.011.511.411.211.111.010.910.310.710.510410.3 10.210.19.939.30.9.759.039.519.409.239179.053.94.11,100.. 11.511.411.311.111.010.910.310.710.010.5103.102 10.1.10.0

9.399.779.009.54.9.43.9.32.9.209.093.973.3011,000 11.411.311.211.010.910.310.710.010.510.410.310.110.091919.309.039579.409.359.239.129003.393.7310,900 11.311.211.110.910.310.710.010.510.410.310.2‘10.09.929.319.709.599479.309.259.149.023913.303.0910.300. 11.211.111.010.310.710.010.510.410.310.21o.19.9.59.349.739.029.519.399.239.179.003.1>5-3.343.733.0210,700. 11.111.010.910.710.010.510.410.310.210.110.09.309.759.049.539.42931 9.209.093.933.373.703.053.5310.000 11.010.910.3.10.010.510.4103.10.210.19.939.379.779.059.559.449.329229.119.00fl49..3.733.07.3.503.4510,500 10.910.310.710.510.410310.2 10.110.09.399.73,9.079.509.409.359.249139.023.913.313.703593.433.3710,400..10.310.710.010.410.310.210.110.09.919.309.099539.439.379.209.1.5f9.053.943.333.733.023.513.403.3010,300. 10.710.010.410.310.210.110.09.919.309.709..599.499.339.279.179.003.1153.353.743.033.033423.313.21.10,200..10.010.510.310.210.110.09.929.319.719.009.509.399.239.139.033.973373.703.003.5.53.433.343.233.1310,100..10.510.410.210.110.09.94933 9.739.029.529.419319.201:.111.9.1x1,3:9,s1;3;793.033.533.47.3.373.203.103.0.510,000..10.410.3101 10.09.939.339.72.9I029.529.4f9.319.219.109.003.903.30;4.0-.13.593.433.:3 3.233.173;<JF7T4179.900..10.210.110.09.949.349.749.039.539.439.339.229.129.023.923.323.713013.513.403.303.203.103.007.399.300. 10.110.09.9.59.359.749.049.549.449.349.239.139.033.933.333.733.033523.423.123.223.123.027.927.319.700. 10.09.959.349.749.049.549.449.349.249.149043.943.343.743.043.5443443.333.233.133.037937.337.739,000.. 9.959..5-4.9..7_4.9.049.549..449.359..259.1.5.9.0.5395,3.353.753.05~3.5.-53.453.353.‘-2.53.153.0.5.7.957.357.757.059.500.. 9.349.749.049.549.449.359.2.59.159.053.953.35,3I75.3.00350 3.403.303.2793.173.077.977.377777T03-7.T539.400 9.739.039.549.449.349.259.159.053.953.353.703003.503.473.373.273173.037.937.3n7.73,7.097.597.499,300. 9.039.539.439.349.249.15905 3.953.303.703.003573.473.373.233.133.037.997.397.307707.017.517.419,200. 9.539.439.339.249.159.053.953.303.703.073.57j3.473.333.233.193.09300 7.907.317.717.02f7.527.437.339.100. 9.429.339.239.149.053.953:35.3.Q3.00§.57.s.47;3.333.233.193.103.0.0'7.91.7.327.72703 7.53-7.44.7.3.57.2.-59,000 9.329.239.139.043.94 3.703.003.573.433.333-.293.203.103.017.917327.7: 7.04755 7.45730727 7.133,900 9.229.129.033.943.3.53.7.53003.573.473: 3 3.293.203.103.017.927.337747.057.557.40737,7237.137.093.300. 9.129.023.933.343.753.003.503.473.333.293.203.113.027.927.337.7417057.507.477.337.297207.117.023,700. 9.013.923.333.743.053.5103.473.333.293.203.103.027.937.347.757.057577.437.397.307.20,7.117.020.933.r»§111;|:s~..90_3.32.3.7:43.043.553.40337 3.233.19 3.103.017.9-._7.337.747.0.57.507437.397.307.21712,703 0.950.30._8..500.J3.-3,03.713.03"3.533.453.303.27"3.133.103.017.927337.747.057.517.437.397.307.217.127.114‘0l.15*4,{3150.773,400.. 3.703.013.523.93335 3.203.173.093.007.917.327.747.057.507.437.397307.227.1' 7.030.950370.730.703.300.. 3.003.513.42 3.253.103.037.997.907.327.73_7.057.507.477.397.30,7.227.137.050.900.37;0.790.700.023.200. 3.493.403.323.233.153.077.93790 7.317.737.047507.497.337.307.-21.7.137.050.900.330.7110700.020.513.190 3.393.303.223.133.057.977.337.307.717.037.5-’7.407.337.237.217.127.040.900.370.790.71,0.020.540.403.000 3.233.203.123.047.957.377.797.707.027.547.457.377.297.207.127.040.900.370.790.71

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