syrian war crisis

8/13/2019 Syrian War Crisis

1/19

SYRI N W R CRISIS

BHAVYA


2/19

CONTENTS

About Syria Background

International reaction

Six-point peace plan for Syria

Geneva communiqu Use of Chemical weapons

Escalation to war crisis

Russias intervention and deal

Role of OPCW

Chemical weapon convention

Geneva II talks

Conclusion


3/19

ABOUTSYRIA

A country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and

the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the

north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south and

Israel to the southwest.


4/19

CONTINUED

Capital Damascus; Largest city

Aleppo

Bashar al-Assad has been president

since 2000 and was preceded by his

father Hasef al-Assad, who was in

office from 1970 to 2000.

Since 2011, Syria is engaged in a civil

war, which turned into war crisis in

2013


5/19

BACKGROUND

Assad's father seized power in a 1970 coup. Hafez al-Assad ruled Syria with a firm hand and was accused of

numerous human rights abuses over the years.

Bashar al-Assad presented himself as a reformer when

he succeeded his father in 2000. But critics have called any changes largely superficial

and resulted in protests in March 2011, demanding

Assads resignation and democratic reforms

Protests were brutally suppressedAn armed rebellion to the regime soon took hold across

Syria, dragging the country into a full-scale civil war.


6/19


7/19

INTERNATIONALREACTION

The Arab League, European Union, the United Nations,

and many Western governments quickly condemned the

Syrian government's violent response to the protests,

and expressed support for the protesters' right to

exercise free speech.

Initially, many Middle Eastern governments expressedsupport for Assad, but as the death toll mounted, they

switched to a more balanced approach, criticizing

violence from both government and protesters.

Both the Arab League and the Organization of IslamicCorporation suspended Syria's membership.


8/19

CONTINUED

Russia and China vetoed Western-drafted UNSCresolutions in 2011 and 2012, which would have

threatened the Syrian government with targeted

sanctions if it continued military actions against

protestors.

On 23 February 2012, the evening before an

international Friends of Syria conference organized

by the Arab League in Tunisia, The UN and the Arab

League together appointed Kofi Annan as their envoy

to Syria


9/19

SIX-POINTPEACEPLANFORSYRIA

Kofi Annan launched(March 2012) a six-point peaceplan for Syriathat provided for a ceasefire in Syria

1. Work with the international envoy

2. End violence by all parties under UN cease-fire;

Syrian army to stop using heavy weapons and

withdraw from population centers

3. Allow humanitarian aid

4. Free detainees

5. Ensure freedom of movement for journalists

6.

Respect peaceful demonstrations

The peace plan practically collapsed by early June and Annan officially

resigned in frustration on 2 August 2012; Lakhdar Brahimi was

appointed as the new special envoy to Syria


10/19

GENEVACOMMUNIQU Result of Peace conference for Syria in June 2012

It laid out a step by step plan intended to stop the violenceand move the two sides towards a political settlement.

Besides six-point plan

agreed on guidelines and principles for a political

transition that meets the legitimate aspirations of theSyrian people

calls for the establishment of a transitional governingbody that would exercise full executive powers. with

members from both sides. agreed on actions they would take to implement the

above in support of the Joint Special Envoys efforts tofacilitate a Syrian-led political process.


11/19

USEOFCHEMICALWEAPONS The UN received complaints about possible chemical

attacks on 16 occasions in Syrian civil war. The UN inspectors confirmed use of sarin gas in 4

cases. The reports, however, did not blame any party ofusing chemical weapons.

The Syrian government has been accused ofconducting several chemical attacks, the most seriousof them being the Aug 2013 Ghouta attack.

This triggered strong

international reactions


12/19

ESCALATIONTOWARCRISIS

United States President Barack Obama said the USmilitary should strike targets in Syria to retaliate for the

government's purported use of chemical weapons.

It was condemned by Russia

The Arab League stated it would support military actionagainst Syria in the event of UN support

US prepared to attack Syria. But with mounting

international pressure, to avoid another Iraq andAfghanistan situation, Obama agreed to seek Congress

approval for military action against Bashar al-Assads

regime


13/19

RUSSIASINTERVENTIONANDTHEDEAL

Russia proposed a framework to eliminate Syria's

chemical weapons. US agreed to give a chance to Syria as per proposal

The deal :

Syria must submit a comprehensive list of its

chemical weapons stockpile within one week;

initial inspections of declared chemical weapons sites

must be completed by November;

all production and mixing and filling equipment must

be destroyed by November;

all chemical weapons material must be eliminated by

mid-2014.

Syria welcomed the deal to surrender chemical weapons;

US dropped idea to strike Syria


14/19

ROLEOFOPCW

Organization for Prohibition of Chemical Weapons was

given the responsibility of overseeing the destruction ofSyria's chemical weapons arsenal under an agreement

reached between the US and Syrian ally Russia

Mr. Ahmet Uzumcu, is the Director General of OPCW

Syria acceded to the Chemical Weapon Convention OPCW prepared a Destruction Plan for Syrian chemical

weapons and its execution began.

The destruction of Syria's declared chemical weapons

production, mixing, and filling equipment wassuccessfully completed by the October 31 deadline.


15/19

CHEMICAL WEAPON CONVENTION

An arms control treaty which outlaws the production, stockpiling, anduse of chemical weapons and their precursors.

administered by the OPCW, an intergovernmental organizationbased in The Hague, Netherlands.

The treaty entered into force in 1997; 190 members

The Convention contains four key provisions:

1. destroying all existing chemical weapons under

international verification by the OPCW

2. monitoring chemical industry to prevent new

weapons from re-emerging

3. providing assistance and protection to StatesParties against chemical threats

4. fostering international cooperation to strengthen

implementation of the Convention and promote

the peaceful use of chemistry.


16/19

GENEVAII TALKS an UN-backed international peace conference on the future

of Syria with the aim of ending the Syrian Civil War, bybringing together the Syrian government and the Syrian

opposition to discuss the clear steps towards a transitional

government for Syria with full executive powers.

The conference took place on 22 January 2014 in Montreuxand on 2329 January 2014 in Geneva

It is pursued by UN peace envoy to Syria Lakhdar Brahimi in

close cooperation with the United States and Russia

Objectives to bring face-to-face two parties to discuss how toimplement the Geneva Communiqu , end the war, and start

a process toward a New Syrian republic


17/19

CONTINUED Talk opened with dispute over resignation of Mr. Assad.

And two sides refused to face each other on negotiationtable.

Mediator Lakhdar Brahimi finally convinced two sides

However, the opposition and syrian delegation again

broke into issues like Evacuation of victims from Homs

humanitarian aid to Homs

Control of terrorism and Transitional government or

peoples vote

Both agreed to base Geneva Communiqu for further

negotiations


18/19

CONCLUSION

Syrian war crisis resolved because of deliberations andhave averted chain reaction in West Asia.

Problem of Syrian civil war still exists which is affecting

innocent syrians as well as neighbouring countries

I hope good will prevails and Geneva 2 results in a plan

for peaceful political settlement in Syria


19/19

THANKYOU

syrian war crisis

Documents