• Study your notes and key terms from Cold War Day 1.

• There will be a small quiz.– Cold War– Iron Curtain– Containment– Marshall Plan– Truman Doctrine– NATO– United Nations

THE COLD WAR HEATS UP

Cold-War Conflicts And Containment Policy

Cold War Conflicts

Objective: Analyze several instances of communist expansion and the United States’ attempts at containment.

Question: Where are these conflicts happening and why is that significant to the “Cold War”?

US and USSR are trying to each control as many countries as possible!!!

Stalin and the USSR United States

Cold War standoff!!!NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

Warsaw Pact (Stalin and his communist buddies)

Early Examples ofContainment

Berlin Airlift

Truman Doctrine:Aid to Greece and Turkey to

fight communism

Marshall Plan:Aid to rebuild Europe…And to discourage countries from communism

Communism Spreads

• Mao Zedong leads a communist revolution in China. (1946)

• The United States sends economic and military aid to the Chinese Nationalists but the Chinese communists win anyway.

Mao Zedong

Domino Theory

• If one country in Southeast Asia falls to communism then all of them will.

Korean War

Communism Spreads• North Korea becomes

communist and invades South Korea.

• The two sides are separated by the 38th parallel.

Containment• South Korea is backed by

the United Nations and the United States.

• United States joins the United Nations to protect South Korea.

• The war ends in a stalemate and neither side gains any ground.

They were separated by the 38th parallel, an imaginary line that divides Korea at 38 degrees north latitude.

38th Parallel

This cartoon by the British cartoonist David Low, from the Daily Herald (30 Jun 1950), shows Truman and the United Nations

rushing to Korea’s aid.

Korea is the first time we joina military effort with an international

peace keeping organization.

North Korean troops moved steadily south.

They conquered the South Korean capital of Seoul.

For 2 years, fighting continued. But neither side advanced.

MacArthur wanted to extend the war into China. He even suggested dropping atomic bombs on China. Truman was against this strategy. The

Soviets were allies of the Chinese. Truman felt bombing China would start WWIII.

A cease-fire went into effect in June 1951Both sides agreed on a demilitarized zone at

the 38th parallel.

North Korea

South Korea

38th Parallel

An armistice was signed in July 1953.

The agreement was a stalemate. Korea

was still divided b/w Communist N.

Korea & non-Communist S.

Korea.

Bay of Pigs

Communism Spreads• Fidel Castro leads a

communist revolution in Cuba in 1959.

• Cuba is only 90 miles from the U.S. coast.

• Castro exiles people that don’t agree with him(ex-patriots) and they flee to America.

Containment• Kennedy assembles a secret

mission to try and overthrow the government of Cuba and kill Castro.

• We train Cuban ex-patriots and send them to Cuba.

• They failed miserably and Cuba remained communist.

Bay of Pigs Invasion

Cuba

Bay of Pigs invasion

President John F. Kennedy Fidel Castro

Cuban leader

Video

• Kennedy’s address on the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Cuban Missile Crisis

Communism Spreads• The Soviet Union sets up

missile sites in Cuba.• They have intercontinental

ballistic missiles that can easily reach major cities in the United States.

• These missiles can carry nuclear bombs.

Containment• American U2 spy planes

photograph the missile sites.

• Kennedy and Kruschev negotiate about the missiles in Cuba.

• Finally we place a naval blockade around Cuba and the Soviets agree to remove their missiles.

Cuban Missile Crisis

Soviet Intermediate Range Nuclear Ballistic Missile

Cuban Missile Crisis

John F. Kennedy Nikita Kruschev

Blockade of Cuba

American ships

Vietnam War

Communism Spreads• North Vietnam is led by

communist leader Ho Chi Minh.

• North Vietnam invades South Vietnam which is non-communist.

Containment• The United States commits

a massive amount of troops to try and keep Communism out of South Vietnam.

• Eventually, after many lives were lost, the United States backs out of the war and South Vietnam becomes communist.

Vietnam War

Just like Korea the country is divided between Communists in the North and non-communists in the South.

Cold War Conflicts

Communism Spreads• Communist Revolution in

China.• Castro becomes communist

leader of Cuba.• North Korea (Communist)

invades South Korea.• Soviets put Missiles in Cuba.• North Vietnam (Communist)

invades South Vietnam.

Containment Policy• Truman sends aid to help fight

the Communists. (fail)• Bay of Pigs attempt to

overthrow Castro. (fail)• U.S. joins United Nations

peacekeeping effort. (success)• Kennedy uses a blockade.

(success)• U.S. commits troops to South

Vietnam to fight the communists. (fail)