The Cold War Era1945-1952

President Harry S. Truman

                                                           

Changes in the life of the Avg.

American

• Rise of the Middle Class

• T.V.

• Homes-own

• Highways and Automobiles

• Women and Work

• Baby Boom

G.I. BILL OF RIGHTS

• 8 MILL TO SCHOOL

• 2 MILL HIGHER LEARNING

COMMUNISM VS.

CAPITALISM• Post War

Germany• USSR vs.

America• Containment• The “Domino

Theory”

A New Form of Foreign Policy

• Truman Doctrine

• NATO

Marshall PlanUnited States gave monetary support to help rebuild European economies after the end of World War II in order to prevent the spread of Soviet Communism.

The plan was in operation for four years beginning in April 1948.

The goals of the United States were to rebuild a war-devastated region, remove trade barriers, modernize industry, and make Europe prosperous again.

The Cold War

• Definition…

• Escalation of weapons–1949 Soviets have the A-Bomb

–1952 U.S. have the H-Bomb

–1953 Soviets have the H-Bomb

United Nations

• Definition

• Soviet Union vs. U.S.

• Security Council

–Big Five

Russia Expanding

• Poland

• Baltic Republics

• “friendly states”

• Churchill

–Fulton Missouri

–Iron Curtain

Beware of Russia

• George F. Kennan

• Dean Acheson

–Containment

European Recovery Program• Marshall, Czech. Revolution, $12 billion

“Had Enough” – 80th Congress• Undo New Deal

• Taft-Hartley Act

• 22nd Amendment

• Pres. Succession Act

Truman vs. Congress• “Fair Deal”

• Committee on Civil Rights 1946

• Desegregation of Armed Forces1948

“Do-Nothing” Congress• Truman Doctrine

• Marshall Plan

• National Security Act

• National Security Council

–CIA

Potsdam Conference• Stalin, Truman,

and Churchill

• Germany – zones

• Nuremberg Trials

NATO

• Creation, April 4, 1949• Article 5• Gen. Eisenhower

–Commander of the NATO forces

Germany• Western Zone

Single Unit

• Eur. Recovery Act

• Berlin Blockade

The Red Scare in America

• The Smith Act 1940

• Committee of Un- American Activities

• Senator Joseph McCarthy–McCarthyism–The Rosenbergs

Nothing new• A. Mitchell Palmer

• Mass Hysteria– Terrorist attacks

(Wall St.)– Deportations

Sen. Joseph McCarthy

• Bio

• Wheeling Speech

• Primary sources

• HUAC

• Questions asked

• 5th Amendment

-June 1949-

What is the Washington Post cartoonist portraying in his drawing?

• -April 1949-• "You read books, eh?" • During the postwar anti-

communist campaign hundreds of elementary and high school teachers were investigated and lost their jobs, sometimes as a result of being named by proliferating "anti-subversive" groups and individuals. Some individuals compiled and circulated their own blacklists, which were accepted by frightened employers and casting directors who feared being blacklisted themselves if they sought facts and fair play. The motives of some self-serving or vindictive accusers were summed up by Herb Block in a phrase: "If you can't crush the commies, you can nail a neighbor."

Misconceptions• Name

• Length

Soviets painting the world red with blood

Success• Alger Hiss

• Julius Rosenberg

Failure• Ethel Rosenberg

• Ayn Rand

Too Far• Ike and the Army

• Edward R. Murrow

• Movie clip

Consequences• African Americans struggle

– Human rights vs. Civil Rights

• Entertainment Industry– Hollywood Ten

-Even W. Disney had to appear before HUAC.

-The ten men were convicted of contempt. Their appeals of course were denied, all served prison terms of up to one year.

• World view• Political chill in

America• Joseph McCarthy

Election of 1948

• Rep. Control Congress

• Rep. – Tom Dewey – moderate

• Democrats Split– Harry S. Truman– Strom Thurmond– Henry A.

Wallace

Fair Deal• Min. Wage

• Soc. Sec.

• Clear Slums

• Low Income Homes

• TVA

• But lost on…

• Civil Rights

• Nat’l Health Ins.

• Repeal of Tariff

• Fed aid to Education

• Farm Incomes

• USSR takes control to 38th parallel

• 1948 – S. Korea - Rhee elected president

• N. Korea declares Peoples Republic

• North militarizes, South does not

• June 25, 1950 North attacks

• June 27th, U.N. reacts

• General Douglas MacArthur

– Pusan

– Invades Inchon

Mac Arthur on his own Mission• Communists

China’s threat

• Mac Arthur to the Yalu River

• “Volunteer” Chinese

• Back to the 38th parallel

April 11, 1951 – Mac Arthur fired

Peace Talks• June 1951• Panmunjon – 2

years• July 27, 1953

Truce• Police Action• Casualties

Demilitarized Zone