silalekh - oct - dec 2010

1 / bu'w[ dLvjv[t / bwaPWi~sl.Wi 2010

Ajfw a[ f+wjLw cj! u'de>si dl>z w{i'G V[ w[!ug! e+jd`wl@ WPo 8@ IPVg! Ljdf>e w.fv{wl@ b>Ddq+ali a'G BjHgfl{dB>e wirj w[@df>+Br{Kv@ 146@ dH>c! '̀wv fpbjdH>B@ b>Ddq+ali a'G AfrjdHbj ba[ 43@ epiP a[e Whjsi Vei@ b>Ddq+ali a'G f+wjLa wgaj m

P/AE 209

bwaPWi~sl.Wi 2010

lif+la

l+g fPiV dfbjlj (M) 9878242075

l.fjsw

u'de>si w{i'G (R) 0183-2452714, (M) 97804-51372@ [email protected]

cj! idr>si (R) 01871-329323@ (M) 98724-82378@ [email protected]

ldhI'eg

l! hidq>siWgi dl>z (M) 9814592861


h[n re[ sdibj!!!

b,tiJ } Af[ h'H[ iPf dry r[tS sg yjh qVp,tg dHdahjl sj RpVj hg fpijSj dh,lj ] du>Vj bjfS[ bjf }bqi wi v{S sg ?jdhL m qVp,t u' W'vsj ]_u' l'ysj ]@ Rpl } bjRpS rjvgbJ fgC%gbJ vHg A,c ujSj yjhp.sj] m bjfS[ ugrV s[ auidWbJ sj dVy'C bjfSg dHw,ng wgag h'Hg ;qgV udHsjs rJe hg hi qVp,t bjRpSrjvgbJ VlvJ s[ lfpis wiVj yjhp.sj ]_dHhg Rplsj lF a'G r,cj lpfVj ba[ q>ar ] m

lr{~ugrVg dvtS sj q'h hi Rpl qVp,t sg@ dul } dHh vesj ] dw RplV[ ugrV dry w'Hg f+jfag wgag]@ wq;'ig ] m dHlsj hJ f,tg fdhvP dHh ] dw qhjV dHVljVJ sg lr{~ugrVg fC% w[ RphVJ sg zjvSj s[ l`isgbJ f{CJ RpKDa[ apiV rjv[ fJZgbJ } RpaLjh dqvsj ] ba[ Rph f,Dw[ dHijs[ Vjv bjfSg q>d;v rv apis[uJs[ hV m RphVJ } faj vesj ] dw dHhVJ qhjV v[twJ V[ rg bjfSj bsWg l`i hi Vr[G dvtjig rJe LpiPwgaj ba[ lF drfiga f+ldoagbJ s[ WjruPs bj?ig sq aw uPNs[ ih[ m dHh dqhVa hg RpV%J } dHl qpwjqaw v{ w[ bjHg ba[ z'C[ sg wjng RpKDa[ qiV s[ l.wvf V[ RpV%J } qhjV WSj ds,aj m dHls[ Vjv hg RphVJ s[dV,ug ugrV sgbJ wq;'igbSJ@ bjfS[ ijh a[ apidsbJ c'v ujS rjv[ fv@ bjfSgbJ wqgVegbJ@ hjiJ ba[h'i qVp,tg bdhljlJ sj dH>wLj` rg bduhgbJ dvta } rdcbjHg W?Lsj ] m lr{~ugrVg u[ l,y sj f,vj xC[ba[ v[tw sgbJ f+jfagbJ ba[ wq;'igbJ } lqjVbiog W'Z dry lrgwji wi[ aJ dHh r,cg iyVj h' dVWCsg] m bduhgbJ lr{~ugrVgbJ sgbJ ljc[ w'v wHg RpsjhiSJ hV m wqvj sjl uJ b>Ddq+aj ugsj VJ sg bduh[v[twJ $y hg bjMsj ] m

fi Whpa rji bduhj hg hp.sj ] dw uvsg f+dl,Zg f+jfa wiV s[ dH,Apw v[tw@ wvjwji q"a s[ fiAjr[G a'Gcis[ bjfSg Tvwg Rpqi dry bjfSg lr{~ugrVg dli` H[l[ vHg dvtS W{n uJs[ V[ dw u[ h'i Vhk aJ z,DB'zBfdirji rjv[ aJ bjfS[ W;pie sg f+jfag a[ qjS wi lwSe[ m bduhgbJ dwiaJ dry fPij l,y wsg Vhk hp.sjW,l bfS[ qP>Dh'G qgbJ dq,nP WSV rjvg e,v hp.sg ] m dHh LWsJ Vjv rg Z,wj ]@ wjQ;J Vjv rg ba[ fjnwJVjv rg m Ijs bjMs[ V[ dwl[ qhjV v[tw s[ W'v dw q{G ljdh,a sg lF a'G r,cg l[rj Rps'G wgag us'G q{G bjfS[dHw zBgbj Vjrv } fjC ljC w[ lp,B ds,aj m bjfSgbJ iyVjrJ Vjv RpfFjrpw q'h sj diLaj WSj v{S rjv[v[tw bduhg dh>qa Vhk drtj lws[ m drLr s[ qhjV v[twJ@ Wp,azjdCbJ ba[ h'i wvjwjiJ sj Whpag rji RphVJsgbJ iyVjrJ RpKDa[ V aw Vhk dvdtbj dqvsj_Whpa lji[ e+.o ba[ q>siJ@ ep̀ jrJ dry wgag eHg V,wjLg ba[Wp,a aijLg dHlsj lWPa hV m dHhVJ wvjwjiJ V[ lr{ugrVg dvtS dry w'Hg wjhv Vhk drtjHg le'G yp,fyjfbjfSj wjiu dVFj w[ api eH[ m

hi lr{~ugrVg uJ ugrVg fC%VI'e Vhk hp.sg m dwl[ h'i v[tw Wji[ dvt[ eH[ dWiaJa rg wHg rji lpbjsuJ yBwji[ vj w[ bjfSg fplaw sj Wj;i f{sj wiV vHg l,y a'G WJhi h' w[ dvt[ eH[ hp.s[ hV m bduh[ v[twJsj ljdha } lF a'G r,cj I'esjV dHh' h'r[ej dw Rph ljei sgbJ vdhiJ rJe ljei dry'G RpKnS a[ dxi Rpl[dry lqj ujS m wg wsg dwl[ vdhi V[ dLvjv[t uJ laPf WSV sg ?jdhL wgag ] m VjLrjV l.lji dry bdWVjLgh'S sg ?jdhL i,tSg qjCg e,v Vhk fi u[ l,y f,Dv[ h'r[ aJ hg dHl} bqvg ujqj fdhVjRpSj yjhgsj ] m

cj! idr>si


L[i tjVdh>sg whjSg

dru{

bjlqjV dry wjvj ZP.bJ Aj debj lg m duhC[ dVti[bjlqjV h[n y.s-lPiu sg i'LVg h[n duRpGs[ lV-dxwiJ drycp,W eH[ m a[;-Zji qkh lpiP h' debj m duhC[ RpKygbJ dHqjiaJdry idh>s[ lV@ RphVJ Bg! rg! a[ q"lq drFje sg dyajrVglpS vHg lg m lCwJ RpKa[ fjSg FiVj LpiP h'dHbj Vhk dwVwsg@ u[ri@ *[dcB wjic a[ ;iPig wfC[ v{ w[ A'BgbJ r,cgbJwjiJ dry dVwv fH[!!!yv' h'i wpA Vhk aJ fhjC $a[ dfwdVwhg h' ujr[eg m$ qp>WHg a'G fhjC ] rg dw>Vg wp sPi-f>ujhdwv'qgBi dVwvdsbJ hg yC%jHg LpiP h' uJsg ] m dry dryf{Gs[ V[ zjB ) rjsgbJ dry Fjx duhg Fi uJsg ] m lCwJ$a[ fjSg dwo[ dBwsj ] m qjo[ijV@ zjB@ v'Vjrjvj dwa[ rgyv[ ujY-Wl f{lj yjhgsj ] m

RpZi fPV[ dry rg hjva y.eg Vhk lg m ypajvg f>ajvgljv fdhvJ rg fPV[ fVL[B c[q Bp,BS wiw[ Fi debj lg m fiRps'G liwji dry qjC%g-q'Bg dHqjVsjig hp.sg lg m idhS@ tjSa[ WyjRpS s[ f+W.Z xBjxB h' eH[ lV m hpS WCj wpA Wsvdebj ] m RpsI'eJ V[ fPV[ } Fi ds,aj ] m liwji a[ RplsgqLgVig } hi fv RphVJ sg dxwi idh>sg ] m bjq bjsqgWji[ w"S l'y[ ) fi Vjv[ sg Lwv dry resg Fpvjqpnj VsgbyjVw hg sdibj WS eHg ] m L.Fj ug fjiw@ u.evgqhjijuj i'c@ vwLqg Wj;ji@ LVgrjCj a[ faj Vhk dw>V[h'i f{Gn[ \qph,Dv[| fjSg dry dzi[ h'H[ V[ m lF a'G r,Z Rph v'wf+[LjV V[ duhC[ dihjdHL sg a.eg wjiV@ dwijH[ a[ vju uJwqi[ v{ w[ idh>s[ V[ m yjh-fjSg a[ i'Bg vHg h'BvJ a[ i[laijrJRpKa[ dViFi hp.s[ V[ m fjLjS sj dHvjwj wjxg RpyjHg RpKa[] dHl vHg IPVgridlBg@ yapidL>eg@ b{V! lg! b{v! H[! bji!cg Hg a'G b,De[ tCwWjlvj sg yC%jHg $a[ f+LjlV V[ w{Gf vjds,aj ] m fPV[ s[ q,Zrie sj Rphg bjljV LiS-lojV ] mNp,egbJ-N'GfCgbJ uJ A'B[ qwjVJ dry idhS rjv[ FHgH[@ F,uguj ihg FgC } r[t w[ wHg z>DB[ h,ls[ ih[!!!fi A[ag hg RphVJ} aW[dvbJ dry rCVj dfbj m duKo[ fPAJ dhvjb-dhvjb w[q,NJ q,tgbJ Rpcjb ihgbJ lV m FHgH[ b>Bg dry iwq ap.Vw[ q,NJ a[ bj W{n[ m l'y ih[ lV dw yp,v%j Vj WvP Vj lhg@sp,Z fg vrJe[!!!fi A[ag hg bjl@ dVijLj dry Wsv eHg mq,NJ s[ oVJ aw fjSg bj debj m x[i rg lWi Vjv W{n[ ih[dw cp,WJe[ Vhk@ fjSg RpKa[ tPW sPi a,w a{i v{GsgbJ V[ q,NJ m

q,Zrieg WlagbJ s[ v'w RpKygbJ ojrJ $a[ fhp.y w[liwji } dV>s ih[ lg m wpA Wp,DT[ RphVJ dsVJ } y[a[ wi ih[

lg us'G qp>WHg sgbJ lCwJ $a[ H[Vg FgC Vhk lg hp.sg m v'wvBi[V a[ W[lB sgbJ W,lJ hi ue%j lq[G dli fhp.ysgbJ lV mfPVj Rps'G ljHgwvJ wiw[ #W[du>e bjx dH>cgbj$ whjRpGsj hp.sjlg m Ljq hp.dsbJ hg b{qIPVgbV x{wBig@ b{y cg x{wBig uJdwiv'lwi dry'G dBqdBqjRpGdsbJ W,agbJ rjvgbJ ljHgwvJsgbJ z.BgbJ rujRpGsg h'Hg FgC v.zsg m v'w s[hP i'uC ujw[ apwjijq sg iyVj bF.e lpSV bjRpGs[ hp.s[ lV m

lF Vjv'G rZ[i[ qplgWa dry lV s'rJ LdhiJ sgbJr[lrjrJ m Rph dwKo[ ujS ( v,tJ Ldhi@ df>c a[ wlW[ V[dh>splajV dry@ fi dwa[ rg aJ RphVJ sj w'Hg diLa[sji Vhk-quWPig r,l bfSjH[ h'H[ f[L[ V[ RphVJ } diLdabJ a'G qpwawi ds,aj ]!!!usdw diLdabJ dry RpvN[ h'H[@ Rpl[ lqju a'Gv'w bjfSj dHw,vjfV sPi wiV vHg RphVJ w'v hg bjRpGs[V[ m wg WyjRpS Rph ( ZV s"va f,Dv[ ] Vhk@ Vwvg tpLgbJtjai tigsgbJ rlaJ ( uJ x[i bjfSg s[h@ dul} riajbw[ duRpGs[ idhS sj qjS WdSbj idh>sj ] m dHw Vj qp,wSrjvg hxCj-sxCg RphVJ dry x{vg h'Hg ] m Rpo[ hg wg@ l{GwC[q>siJ dry u'a W,ag Vhk h'Hg b,u!!!a[ siuVJ qlgaJ dry'GbujV sg bjrj; Vhk bjHg m ujV WyjRpSg hg fdhvj Ziqh' debj ] m

lCw Rpfi s' s' xp,B fjSg dxi debj lg m da>V Bi,wlCw a[ v.zs[ V[ m fpdvl sj lfgwi W'dvbj ]!!!fjSg rZ dihj] m lji[ uS[ Bi,w Rpfi bj ujS m hi Bi,w RpKa[ dHw qp>WHgfpdvl rjvj W{nj h'dHbj ] m

w'dnbJ dry idhS rjvgbJ wpCgbJ a[ b"iaJ@ f'BvgbJW.V%g Bi,wJ a[ yC%V v,esgbJ V[ m Rpfi tC%j dlfjhg RphVJ} h,o xC% w[ dt,ysj ] m h[nJ rjv[ tk-tk wi w[ w,AJ dryh,o bCJ w[@ AjagbJ B'h.s[ h'H[ Rpfi r,v Zigws[ V[ m dHws' iWC sgbJ dwLagbJ rg bj eHgbJ lV m dHw RpKa[ w{qijyp,wg tC%j dHw bjsqg wPwsj ] m #h[nJ wik LPB wiVj H[ dHhlgV ljc[ y{Vv a[ fdhvJ bjRpSj yjhgsj H[ m$

yJs dtCwg dry'G h[nJ Njwsg ] m dHw f>ca BjHgfdlfjhg wdh dihj ]!!!##dH>si Wui zpqjHg uj dih{ ug@ dwa[d*LV W{n[ h'Se[ m v,es{@ RphVJ } e'WiZV Vhk dobj dihj m$$

fpdvl sj lfgwi x[i W'vsj ] m yJs fjSg dry Ai-Ai wis[ uJs[ Bi,wJ } s[tsg idh>sg ]@ duhC[ aPCg rJeFi[ h'H[ V[ m

bjl[-fjl[ s[ wqdibJ rjvgbJ f>Du[ wpCgbJ a[ s' ljug


duhC[ qkh wiw[ zik eH[ lV@ f'BvgbJ yp,wg Bi,wJ dry yC%eH[ lV-ujV ] aJ uhjV ] m Bi,w ypijh[ a'G t,DW[ qpC uJs[V[ m wpN sPi ujS dfA'G lCwJ $a[ fjSg zBS v,e dfbj@ dwRpGdwRpo'G yC%jHg LpiP h' eHg lg m s`aiJ sgbJ dHqjiaJ sgbJRpfivgbJ q>d;vJ Rpa[ yC%[ h'H[ v'w uJs[ h'H[ Bi,wJ } s[tih[ V[ m dHw sjC%g rjvj bjl-fjl s[ v'wJ } wdh>sj ] m ##fiv'LpiP h' eHg ujfsg H[ m fi dHl rjig drZjaj f+ujagbJ }WyjRpS vHg w'Hg dwLag Vhk F[u[ej m lji[ Hg aJ W[HgqjVh' eH[ V[ m LjdHs dHh b>aq fiv' h'r[eg m HgLri x[i ldiLBgVHk iy[ej m$$

dHw Bi,w fhjCg s[ Vjv WSg lwPv sg dHqjia ljhqS[ipwsj ] m tp,v%[ Bi,w dry'G qkh Vjv dF,Du[ v'w h[nJ Rpais[ V[ mqp,t sirj;[ ljhqS[ q[; wpilg cjhg W{nj bjsqg wajiWSjRpS vHg wdh>sj ] m w'Hg wjhvg Vj h'S s[ WjruPs rgFgC Z,Dw'-qp,wg hp.sg h'Hg vjHgV WSjRpGsg ] m wpilg RpKa[ W{njbjsqg VJb faj dvt w[ sla?a wirjRpGsj ] a[ dHw dyBxCj s[Gsj ] m dHl dyB } s[t w[ hg hi[w }@ RpKa[ v{S vHgw.Wv a[ tjSj dqv[ej m

f>u wpCgbJ a[ s' ljug lF a'G b?gi dry bjRpGs[ V[ mfdhvg wpCg VJb dvtj w[ faj s,lsg ] aJ dvtS rjv[ sgwvq ipw uJsg ] m w'v tC%[ yji f>u udSbJ r,v s[t w[ wdh>sj]-##WjHg H[ ( Vhk@ #WjHg ug$ v'w H[Zi Vhk m$$

dHw h'i bjsqg wdh>sj ]-##dHh dHo[ Vhk idh lwsgbJ@Ligx v'wJ s[ B,Wi idh>s[ V[ dHKo[ m$$

dlfjhg wdh>sj ]-##u[ dwl[ h'i sj NPnj faj dvtj w[ b>siyvgbJ uJsgbJ x[i ($$

##yp,f m$$ dHw V[aj BjHgf bjsqg apCwsj ]-##dHw rjigwdh aj Vj@ WHg dHh dHKo[ Vhk idhSegbJ m YZi aphjc[bxli b{ duhC[@ RphVJ } wdh dsY-H[Zi e.s Vhk yjhgsjlj} m$$

dlfjhg wpCwpC wisj h'dHbj f{sv hg api uJsj ] m qVhg qV ep,lj w,T dihj lg-ljvj i.cgWju m lF ujSsj dw b"iajs[ bjLiq sj BilBg b{ m r,cj l,yj-lp,yj WdSbj dxis{@ wpagC%dwa'G sj m

Rpfi L{c h[n tC%[ bxli } dlfjhg dHh f+[LjVg slsj] aJ Rph dHw B{GB dWvdc>e s[ Wjhirji verjRpS sj hpwqs[ ds>sj ] m Wjhi dHw r,cj ljij lgdq>B sj yWPaij WdSbjh'dHbj lg m h[n'G LjdHs lgri[u v.zsj ] m yWPai[ s[ dHw fjl[b>si ujS vHg sirj;j lg m b,DZ[ z>B[ Wjbs dlfjhg fiabjRpGsj ] m Rpfi vejaji qkh f{ dihj lg@ fjSg ipw hg Vhklg dihj@ ldhi r,v rZ dihj lg m dlfjhg f>uJ wpCgbJ }yP.ZgbJ V;iJ Vjv s[tsj ] m lF a'G A'Bg RpKa[ Rplsg dVejhbBw uJsg ] m

la[ f+jSg qkh dry dF,us[ h'H[ b>si rC w[ xiL $a[ W{n

uJs[ V[ m dHw wpCg ljugbJ r,v s[t w[ W[Liq duhj hjlj h,lsg]-##dHhVJ a'G Yhvj wjhsj ($$

f'Bvg t'v% w[ uvsg uvsg b,DZ[-dev%[ wfC[ fjRpS v,ef{Gsg ] m ljug wpCa[ WV{Sj vjh w[ dVy'Cs[ V[ a[ bjfS[wfdCbJ } r,Dc[ lji[ a.WP s[ dHw WJl RpKa[ vBwj s[Gs[ V[ mRphVJ dry'G dHw fp,Asg ]-##s' Bi,w duhVJ dry h'i w'dnbJs[ v'w lg@ dHZi Vhk bjH[ v,es[ ($$

##faj Vhk ) blk s[i Vjv Rpai[ a[ dHl dfAv[ Bi,w dryyC% eH[@ dul dry fdhvJ Hg FgC lg m$$

lF a'G z,B Rpqi sg dVLj bjfSj b,Zj de,vj wpCaj ev[w'v'G sPi hBjRpGsg h'Hg sPugbJ r,v s[tsg ]@ ##dw>V[ ;'i sgr,T tjZj lg fil'G wqgV[ V[ m$$

sPugbJ h,l f{GsgbJ V[ m ##fPig Ajag Fig fHg H[ ljcg mdwo'G dwo'G dstjHgH[ m$$ x[i n.cj hRpwj duhj dt,y w[ wdh>sg]@ ##njn aJ yJs s[ V[ m qpLdwv Vjv hxa[ s[ hxa[ drytjvj\qjlg| dHw qis } Rpl w'v ujS s[Gsg H[ m$$

A'Bg wdh>sg ]@ ##VlgW b{ bjf' bjfSj m wjL ) blk rgVjy ejSj dldtbj hp.sj m dHh wqvg ;iPi doiw v{Gsg b{ m$$

YZi w'n[ $a[ Wp,Tg tjvj ygwsg ]@ ##YdH hpS aJ dVwvbj wqgVgH[ m LjdHs w'Hg h'i Bi,w bj ujH[ m b,Dn[ yjvJ@ w'n[sgbJ tjvg h' eHgb{ m FJ-FJ h' ihg b{ RphVJ $y m$$

b>si'G w'Hg urjW Vhk bjRpGsj m hjv s[ dHw w'V[ dryi,Ddtbj Bg!rg! WpigbJ ?WiJ lpSj dihj lg!!!qp>WHg sgbJ lCwJRpKfi duRpGs[ v'wJ s[ Vjv ujVriJ a[ dHVljVJ sgbJ vjLJa{isgbJ drtj dihj ] m zjBw'fi@ qdvbj a'G wdvbjV awfjSg ziJ dry rC debj ] m v'w RpfivgbJ q>d;vJ Rpa[ yC%[W{n[ V[ m ljwgVjwj dry dHw yBjV dc,e f{S Vjv Np,egbJdry lp,Da[ fH[ f>ujh v'w sW eH[ V[ m qkh wjiV qvWj hBjRpSdry WCj lqJ v,e dihj ] m wdvbjV sg wjxg bjWjsgdHeafpig r,v yvg eHg ] m w'vljrjCg dry fjSg Fi debj] m v'w RpyjHg $a[ WS[ i[vr[ wpbjBiJ w'v LiV v{ ih[ V[ mqp>WHg rieg drLjv RpsI'dew Veig dry Vj aJ liwjigqLgVig eagLgv ] VJ hg RpsI'efag Rpsji h'H[ V[ m q,Z riesg wipSj hg f+[LjV v'wJ sj bjlij WSg h'Hg ] m Ziq a[ujafja sj F[sFjr Fp,v w[ qplgWa s[ qji[@ W[zi[ v'wJ }l.Fjv ih[ V[ m$$

hjv dry tC%g Wp,Tg tjvj x[i wPwsg ] m ##Y hpS aJ dVwvbj i.cgH[ _ lji[ yv[ eH[ b{ m hpS aJ Bi,w rg Vhk bj ih[ maP. bjf aJ qi[Geg@ q{} rg qirjH[Geg Vjv m$$

yJs s[ wqi[ dry'G x[i rg w'Hg bjrj; Vj bjHg aJ tjvjRpls[ wqi[ dry fhp.y eHg m yJs lug-lujHg fv.z RpKa[ v[Bgh'Hg lg m wqi[ dry ue ihg W,ag sg i'LVg lCw RpKa[ f{ ihglg m tjvj Wjhi r[tsg ]@ ##Ij b,vj@ hpS aJ hjog c'WP fjSgb{ m Vg RpKn VtlqgH[@ LjdHs w'Hg W[Cg Hg bj ujH[@ ##Rps'G


hg dWuvg yvg uJsg ] fi yJs s[ w.V s[ Wp.s[ sj hgij yqwsjidh>sj ] m

q'h FigbJ b,tJ Vjv tjvj yJs rv s[t ihg ] m Rphs[ev sj uCjRP hji ] yJs m w'n[ sgbJ b,n yjvJ V[-lCwRpfi@ Rpfi-h[nJ dqvj vY aJ l'vJ h'HgbJ m fi qpuij dli`s' w'dnbJ $a[ hp.sj ]!!!Vje' WjHg s[ w'n[ $a[ uJ RphVJ s[ w'n[$a[ ) yJs sj ljo wsg wsg wqvg hg s[Gsg ] m Wjwg yjiaJ qisJ Vjv l'Sj ujSsgbJ V[ m T'wg a'G fPi[ f>ujh huji$y dvbj lg tjvj V[ yJs }-s' ljv fdhvJ us'G Rph l'vJljv sg lg m f{iJ dry zp>eiP W.V% w[ us'G e[Cj vjRpGsg ] aJdWuvgbJ dvLwS v,e f{GsgbJ V[ m dlix LVgrji sg ija W'vgdry duhCj du,a ujr[ Rphg yJs Vjv ija w,B lwsj ] myji LVgrjiJ sj q'dHbj qsijlg A'wij L+gdVrjlV Hg fhp.ydihj H[ m dfY r,cj lqevi u' H[ qp>WHg sj m

tjvj qdhlPl wi ihg ] dw us'G f>Du[ wpCgbJ a[ s'r[G ljugeH[ lV Rps'G rg dVwv lwsg lg Rph@ fi dHl b>ePng dryuC[ VegV[ } Fvj dw.u A,c uJsg tjvj ) h' lwsj H[ f>u[sgbJ f>u[ rjfl Vj bjRpS ) fi wg xiw f{Gsj H[ ( s,Dv[ f>uJsg oJ b,n h'i v{ bjRpSe[ m wpCgbJ sj dwhCj wjv dfb{b,u wv% )

Wp,Tg tjvj lBPv dt,y w[ dtCwg w'v W{n uJsg ] m bjlqjVa'G dc,e dihj fjSg lCw $a[ uq%j h'H[ fjSg Rpfi aWvj rujdihj lg m hpS aJ lCw $a[ hV[ij rg t[cS v,e dfbj lg mtjvj } Ijs bjRpS v,es[ V[ lCw s[ s' da>V dsV fdhvJs[ V;ji[ m Whpag FgC Vj h'S $a[ rg wpCgbJ RpKa[ b,tJ e,cw[ apis[ h'H[ v'w dHw sPu[ Vjv dFC uJs[ lg m ljhqS[ dHvjhgs[ s' q>d;vJ h'Bv dry i"Sw v,eg hp.sg lg m s'r[G r,cgbJ F,ngbJoC%[ a'G h[nJ bj uJsgbJ lV m rgh f,yg lvjtJ dry fi'dHbjh'dHbj e'La Fp,usj idh>sj lg m v'w wjeu sgbJ fv[BJ drya[; dqiyJ rjvg t,Bg yBVg frj w[ lgt wWjW tJs[ idh>s[a[ wpCgbJ RpKa[ b,tJ e,cg@ ija sg Rpcgw wis[ idh>s[@ q'dHbj@llaj rg aJ dw>Vj s[Gsj H[ wWjW ) sl ipfH[ sg fv[B dryb,n lgt wWjW )

ejhw sgbJ WjhJ dry xlg b"ia Rplsg u[W sg sdibjdsvg ajC w[ bwli wWjW sg xiqjdHL wisg a[ ejhwbqgi-ujs[ rJe sl sj V'B xCj s[Gsj m byjVw hg wqi[dry'G TjHg xp,DB[ L[i tJ } bjrj; qjig uJsg a[ Rph seCseC wisj h'dHbj f"CgbJ Rpai w[ lCw fji wi uJsj mija debjiJ ru[ F,ngbJ W.s h' uJsgbJ m o,Ddwbj-h.DdFbj L[itJ rg hjv s[ wjvgV RpKa[ vpCw uJsj m x[i wqdibJ sgbJf>uJ wpCgbJ Vjv hp.s[ ija Fi s[ ejhw uJ w'Hg dHw,vgb>eCjHgbJ v{ ihg hp.sg m hjv dry us'G hV[ij h' uJsj@ L[itJ tjvj sg yjsi dry zplC uJsj!!!dHw,vj L[i tJ hg ]duhCj Rpl} tjvj Vj bjt w[ b>qJ wdh>sj ] m

tjvj sg Vks Bp,B uJsg fi dfbji Vjv L[i tJ sj dlifv'lsg h'Hg wdh>sg@ ##ldCbj fPi[ dulq $y'G wWjW a[ yBVgsg W' qji ihg b{ m ujh bjfSg yjsi $y l'G m$$

tk-tk@ h,lsj L[i tJ@ ##Y b>qJ ) f>ujh rjig ydC%bj bJRpfi h[n m wjidawj s[ ejhw V[ aJ h,s Hg wi ds,ag m l,arjig s"CjdHbj m bjtig rjig fp,DdAbj-$r[lV a[ cWv i'Bg s[yPi[ Hg lg Vj ) e'La aJ Vhk lg ( wjidawj V[ ev[ sg z>cgAPh w[ dwhj-#i,W sg lhp.$ Vhk ug ) q{G hjlj Vhk lg i'w ldwbj mdw>u slsj WHg #r,Dc[$ e'La s[ hp.s[ V[@ Vhk aJ sl ipfH[ fv[Bdry wg lrjh wqjHg wisj h'RP dHvjhg m$$

##fPij hijqg H[ aP. a[ Rph wjidawj )$$h,lsj H[ L[i tJ Rps'G hg qp>Vg sj WPhj tp,v%sj ] m Rps'G

hg qp,t sirj;[ dry'G w'Hg Wjhi dVwv uJsj ] m qp>Vg RphVJs'rJ s[ dli RpKa[ tC%g Vjvj W.V% ihg lg m RpKn sirj;j W.swi v{ m ljvj fPig ija s[ f{l[ s[ w[ hpS[ F,u debj m wdh>sjlg!!!Bi[V xC%Vg b{G m bjfSj dH>uS lBgq A,c debj aJ F,udvbj m x[i fp,Asg ]@ wg rdubj h'H[ej (

yjsi dry'G dVwvsj ] L[i tJ a[ qp>Vg ih,lqHg qplwjVlp,Bsg ] m Rph sirj;j W.s wiw[ zCg r,v dHLjij wi s[Gsj] m zCg c[T ruj ihg lg m qp>Vg bjfSg w'nCg r,v yvg eHg mL[i tJ x[i tjvj sg yjsi dry zplCV v,ej aJ RphV[dNCdwbj@ ##dwRpG wpiWv-wpiWv vjHg b{@ o,w deb{ aJ ujw[ l"G uj bjfSg yjsi $y m$$

x[i tk-tk wisj ] L[i tJ aJ Wp,Tg zpiwsg ]@ ##WPojF.V sP u[ i"vj fjdHbj aJ m$$ x[i Rpl} bjfS[ Vjv Fgy v{Gsg] m L[i tJ Rplsg quWPig ] m f>ujh ljv sg Rpqi dry us'Gs,Dv[ rg Vhk Njws[@ ejhw sj aJ lrjv hg Vhk m rgh dHwgljv s[ W"S[ L[i tJ vHg rg Wp,Tg dHw quWPig ] m w'Hg rg i.cgRpl} ija } V[C[ xCwS Vhk s[Gsg m dHw rjig da>V dsVf{l[ u'C w[ da>V V.Wi w'n[ rjvg@ V,Tg V[fjvV@ w'v l" sjf,aj i,Ddtbj aJ RplV[ ypBwg ruj w[ dwhj@ ##xp,B uj H[o'G qJdsbj tlqJ ) q{G urjwJ h[n Vhk f{Gsg m$$

Rpsjl duhj fidabj lg L[i tJ m sl.Wi sg Rpl ijabyjVw qkh LpiP h' debj lg m yjsi dry Rpl} n.c v,e ihglg m Wp,Tg tjvj w.Wv w,TS Wji[ l'y ihg lg dw L[i tJ s[eiq ljhJ V[ APh dvbj m Rpl} x"iV bjfSg yjsi dry dt,ydvbj m L[i tJ V[ h"vg duhg dwhj lg!!!##b>qj m$$ fi wpN dyidfA'G diLaj Wsv debj lg m

Rpl ija qp>Vg yvg eHg aJ L[i tJ W'dvbj@ ##dWvwglwdh>sg b{ aP. bjfSg Rpqi aJ f>ujh sg s,lsg b{@ fi l,na'G z,B sg Vhk m$$

L[i tJ } V[C[ dt,ydsbJ h'dHbJ tjvj V[ Zgqg bjrj;dry dwhj@ ##fjev bj dWvwgl ) us dzl dzlj w[ agh sgRpqi $y f{GagbJ sg v,ePeg@ x[i faj v,eP m tPWlPia i.cg Rpqi


a'G fdhvJ Wp,Tg h' uJsg b{ m fi v"Gcg ] WCg a[; m epvw dryqjv fjRpGsg idh>sg b{ m lCw fji W{Gw $y tjaj b{ m WpT[fjbjijq Vjv w,B vRPeg dwa[ m$$

wpN erjy[ duh[ b>sj; dry fp,DdAbj lg Wp,Tg tjvj V[@##a{} bjfSg b>qj Ijs b{ ($$

##o'C%g o'C%g ) yji uJ f>u V.Wi s[ w'n[ $y w'nCg lg m Ljqhp.dsbJ Hg q{} sp,Z $y bxgq z'v w[ dfbj ds>sg a[ wqi[ s[df,DA[ a?a RpKa[ fH[ es{v[ $a[ fj bjRpGsg m q[i[ rie[ wHg h'idVbjS[ rg lp,Da[ hp.s[ lg RpKo[ m dHw ija q{G a?a a'G dc,e dfbj mi'Gsj h'dHbj hi w'nCg s[ sirj;[ $a[ debj fi w'Hg sirj;jVhk tp,Ddv%bj m Wjhi W{n[ fnjV V[ q{} Fujb ds,aj m b,Zg ijaWgaS dfA'G b>si zpdlbj a[ bjfSg w'nCg r,v debj m hpSvjHgV dlix s' da>V w'nCgbJ b,De[ Hg lg a[ fnjV lBPv a'Gh[nJ W{nj RPGz dihj lg m b>si uj w[ WCj dhvjdHbj fi qJVhk Rpng m RplV[ q[ij VJ L[i dl>z i,Ddtbj lg m Rpl ija qp>WHgdry ljig ija fBjt[ a[ blaWjug bVji yvs[ ih[ lg m qJLjdHs dWqji lg fi f{dlbJ sg v'C h'S wiw[ ejhwJ } i'wVhk lg lwg m Rphs[ qiV df,DA'G LjdHs Rpl b>si Vhk debjwsg!!!a[ us'G aphjc[ w'v bjdHbj aJ L[i dl>z a'G L[i tJ WSjds,aj aplk m$$

dHw v.qg yp,f df,DA'G L[i tJ V[ fp,DdAbj lg@ ##wg a[i[ a[wpCg y WCj xiw hp.s{ b>qJ ($$

dHw hPw duhg Rpng lg tjvj s[ dsv dry m Ijs bj eHglg bjfSg V,o vphjHg rjvg ija m L[i tJ } zp,B w[ VjvFgydsbJ dwhj lg@ ##yp,f idh L[i tJ m dWVJ ujS[ dHh xiwfaj Vhk v,e lwsj!!!W,sv a[ ZP.H[G du>Vj xiw hp.s{ s'rJ $y m$$

RphVk dsVk yJs } v{ bjHg lg tjvj a[ hpS yvjw h'debj lg L[i tJ rg-Rph hi fv[B dry b,n sg ue%j A[ wWjWjdvbjRpGsj lg a[ hi y"og fv[B dfA'G sl ipfH[ bjfSg u[Wdry fj v{Gsj lg m sPu[ agu[ dsV spfdhi sj L'b r[tS dVwvuJsj lg m duhCj spfdhi[ WjiJ ru[ LpiP h' w[ da>V ru[ ?aqhp.sj lg m wsg wsg Wpiwj fj w[ yJs rg Rpls[ Vjv L'b s[tbjRpGsg m ila[ dry v'w hls[!!!b,DZ[ sg fPig uVjVg ) yJs VjvbjfSj u'dCbj ujSj L[i tJ } y.ej v,esj m rjfl bj w[yJs tPW h,lsg m

fi Ljq hp.dsbJ hg L[i tJ wpCgbJ sj u,sg tigdsbjepvjq WS uJsj lg m qjC[ q'B[ q[wb,f s[ ljqjV sgbJ yguJa[ V.Wi s,l w[ Wi[uig aw q>erj v{GsgbJ lg Rph Rpl a'G msvjv rg Rpl} tPW A[Cs[ idh>s[ m dHw rjig wjqVg V[ aJRpl} ipbj hg ds,aj lg m fujq[ s[ V[x[ dry h,o fj ds,aj lg@s[tJ b,Zj w[h' duhj hp.s{ WHg!!!

L[i tJ b>qj } WpvjRpS tjai ygdwbj lg m tjvj f"CgbJRpai bjHg lg a[ tPW xBwjdibj lg Rpl} m wjqVg V[WCWCjdHbj lg!!!dwhCj L[i@ yPhj b{ ljvj m$$

dwRpGdw tjvj fPiWg Rpai f+s[l sg lg dHl vHg RPls[w'n[ sgbJ rZ[i[ wpCgbJ rg YZi sgbJ hg lV m LpiP LpiP dryaJ FHgbj BjHgf v'w bjRpGs[ lV fi x[i wjqVg bjHg aJw'n[ dry qpuij LpiP h' debj m yJs s[ bjRpGdsbJ hg hrjdWvwpv Wsv eHg m bqgi v'w bjRpS[ LpiP h' eH[ m yJs Bgrg Rpa[ Vr[G a'G VrJ dxvqg w{l[B r[tsg a[ b>sj; Wsv Wsvw[ V,ysg uJ ejRpGsg m wv% rg aJ L[i tJ Vjv dxvq r[t w[@Rplsg lgcg dvbjRpS vHg dwhj lg m fi wdhi WS debj@dHh fjSg m L[i tJ hjv[ aw Vhk qpdCbj m Wp,Tg tjvj sj dsvdHh l'y w[ W{nS v,ej dw TjHg xp,Bj bjsqg lg@ dwa[ ipC%Hg Vj debj h'r[ m

Wp,Tg tjvj yJs s[ dWlai[ $a[ Wdh w[ Rplsj q,oj AP.hsg]@ ##RpKn vjc' ) LjdHs w'Hg dwLag bj u[ a[ blk rg dVwvlwgH[ m$$ fi yJs sgbJ b,tJ aJ boiPbJ Vjv FigbJ lg mfjVsjV dry dlix bjtig fjV s[t w[ rg LjdHs H[Vj bxl'ltjvj } Vhk lg h'dHbj du>VJ yJs sgbJ b,tJ dry boiPr[t w[ h'dHbj lg m a=Ww w[ fp,Asg ]@ ##wg h'dHbj wpCgH[ ($$

##q{G dwa[ Vhk ujSj tjvj!!!$$##dwRpG ($$##RplV[ wv% uJ b,u ija bj w[ v{ ujS sj rjbsj wgaj

lg m aP. rg q[i[ Vjv y,vk m Rph q{} dfbji wisj H[@ Ljsg wi[ejq[i[ Vjv m x[i aJ aP. rg q{} Vhk i'w[Geg@ ] Vj ($$

##aP. Rpl l+gdVrjl sg e,v wi ihg b{G!!!Fp,v uj Rpl} mq[ij VpwljV aJ h'H[ej Hg aP. rg B'H[ $y dc,e[Geg m Rpls[ dfYsj Z.sj ujSsg b{ aP. ( a{} rg w'wgV xi'L WSj s[r[ej@ dHwdsV xC%g ujH[Geg a[ ljig Rpqi u[v% sg y,wg fgl[Geg m aP. rgdwl NPn[ s[ dfbji $y xl eHg b{G ) h'i lpS wpCgH[@ i.cg dw>Vgrg l'hSg a[ lvgw[sji h'r[@ w'Hg Rpl Vjv l,yj dfbji Vhkwisj m ljdibJ } Rph vp,Bsg b{ a[ lji[ Fiqj w[ Rpl} vp,BSjyjhp.s[ V[ m dfbji VJ sg yg; dwl[ rg quhW dry hp.sg aJw'n[ tjvg h' eH[ hp.s[ m bwv } h,o qji wpCgH[ m$$

##Vhk b,u bj?ig ija H[ m Rph dwLag v{ w[ bjH[ej@ aP.s[t vrk m$$

Wp,Tg tjvj hjv dry rjfl bj w[ dli xC% w[ W{n eHg mx[i q'qW,ag Wjv w[ dHw fjl[ i,t ds,ag m zCg l,a ruj ihglg fi fPig ai%J hV[ij Aj debj lg m Wp,Tg yjsi v{ w[ wjvgVRpKa[ v[B uJsg ] aJ qdhlPl hp.sj L[i tJ sj dulq Rpl}APh dihj ] m tjvj sgbJ b,tJ $y'G W[rlg s[ boiP dNiV v,es[V[ hjvJdw svjv rg Rpl} W[idhq wdh>s[ lV@ Rph wpCgbJ} bjijq Vhk lg wiV s[Gsg hp.sg m tjvj wpCgbJ } bjfSglqN bVplji lqNjRpGsg@ wqjb vY du>Vj wqjb lwsgbJY@ dHl urjVg a'G m us'G l'wj fRPej aJ hpS aJ wqjdHbjWyjdHbj Hg w.q bjRPej m

qV hg qV tjvj svjvJ } Wpij Fvj wdh>sg ]@ ##qP>h


a[ dw>Vg tpLjqs wis[ V[ hijqg fi Wpij r[vj bjdHbj aJdHw rg Vhk bjdHbj m

w'Hg s' z>B[ Wjbs bvqjig dry i,Ddtbj dWlwpBJ sjf{w[B w,T w[ yJs w'v v{ uJsg ] a[ wdh>sg ]@ ##i'Bg-W'Bgsg aJ Rpqgs Vhk!!v{ bdh dWlwpB tj v{ m$$ yJs dHVwji wis[Gsg ] aJ f{w[B RppKo[ q[; Rpa[ i,t w[ hjv dry bj w[ fjVsjVw'v i,t w[ W{n uJsg ] m bj?ig fjV sj f,aj x[i de,Dv[ wfC[dry vf[B w[ i,t s[Gsg ] a[ li'a[ Vjv lpfjig w,B w[ s' sjS[qP>h dry fj v{Gsg ] m

WCg s[i aw bjfS[ Wga[ dry erjyg idh>sg ] m ?ps} dw>Vj r[dybj lg dHw dsV w'n[ rjvg WSV vHg m dHw b"vjsrg h'Hg duhCg duRpGsg Vhk ihg m L[i tJ rg aJ A[ l,a ljvJvHg bds=L h' debj lg m us'G rjfl bj w[ Rpls[ ljhqS[ tC%jh'dHbj aJ debjiJ WjiJ ljv s[ s' xp,DB[ qp>Dc[ } s[t w[ WCjh,lg lg Rph m Rps'G hg aJ ljij liqjdHbj vj w[ w'n[ sg qjvdwVWSg lg m dlix i'Bg a[ idhS rjvj V"wi s[t w[ qV hg qVdtCfpC eHg lg m b,u w'n[ s[ dHvjrj v,t lrj v,t W{Gw dryW{v[Gl dfbj ] m wg WS[ej dHl s"va sj ( yJs l+gdVrjl Vjvuj ihg ] m L[i tJ } dsbJ aJ rg w"S Rplsj zi rljH[eg (fi dHh w.W?a L[i tJ ] dwo[ ( lCw sj fjSg r,tij w.ZJVjv dli qji-qji w[ lqp>si sg Vwv wi dihj ] m

w.Z zCg sl ruj ihg lg m wpA Fp,t rg v,eg h'Hg lgfi tjH[ wg ( yJs aJ fjSg rg Vhk lg fg ihg a[ L[i tJfaj Vhk Ldhi sg dwl Vp,wi[ Fp,tj W{nj h'r[ej m y.egbJ ihgbJRph wpCgbJ@ q'u Vjv tj-fg w[ liwjig dWladibJ $a[ fHgbJh'SegbJ m

yp,fyjf uj w[ yJs Vjv v[B uJsg ] m yJs lp,ag lguJ b,tJ W.s wig fHg lg faj hg Vhk lg v,e dihj m NPdBbJdry Vks bjRpGsg ihg m lr[i[ A[ ru[ b,t tp,v% eHg m dtCwgru'G Wjhi s[dtbj aJ faj v,Ddebj qkh WCj hvwj h' debjlg m yJs l,yqp,y Rpl r[v[ lp,ag fHg lg m Wp,Tg tjvj WpCWpCwisg ]@ lpfV[ v{ ihg h'r[eg@ bjfS[ bjLw sgbJ WjhJ $yfHg b{ m$$

wdh>s[ V[@ qp>WHg wsg ipwsj Vhk m fil'G Ljq } lCwJ$a[ fjSg bj debj lg fi dHvjhg sj h'Bv a[ l.a't FrVtp,v%j dihj lg m dWvwgl s[ dT,c dry sis lg dHl vHg RplsjtjSj iwjWg dry dfbj lg m wv% lr[i[ RphVJ Rphg tj dvbjlg m yJs V[ dlix bjfS[ w'v i,Dt[ dWlwpB tjZ[ lV m Ljq awfjVsjV dry rg bj?ig fjV idh debj lg m

wpivg wiw[ tjvj V[ fjV vj w[ qP>h dry fj dvbj m bj?igf,Da[ V[ qP>h tpLWP Vjv Fi ds,aj m b,n r,u yp,w[ lV m dtCwgdry'G s[tsg ]@ H[Vj fjSg bu[ rg lg dw bjsqg cp,W ujr[ mL[i tJ sg Ijs lajRpGsg ]!!!dw>u bj lwsj b{ dryjij ( y,l;'i qjisg ]@ fi quWPig lg m dw>Vj dwhj lg wpCgbJ V[!!!f>u

idhS dsY aplk aJ hjv $y l'Gs[ Y m aphjc[ wqi[ $y tjSjWSjRpSj LpiP wi dsbJe[ m lji[ iv w[ tiyj wi dvbj wiJe[ mRps'G tjvj faj Vhk dwRpG f{l[ s[ q'h dry cp,W eHg lg-VjVj ) q{G w'n[ $a[ ZP.bJ Vhk wiV s[Sj m bjfSj bjfSJ q>ejYa[ tjY m qdhlPl hp.sj ] Ldhi dry wqjHg wiV vHg bjH[v'w@ duV%J s[ fdirji df,DA[ df>cJ dry idh>s[ V[@ b,u W.s h'BvRpV%J } rg ailj ih[ h'Se[@ duhVJ bjfSg d;>seg dHo[ w,BSgH[!!!RphVJ } rg b>ePnj drtj ih[ V[ m

Rph} Ijs bjRpGsj ] qp>Vg bjfSg w'nCg dry VqwgVs[ f{w[B q>erj w[ i,tsg lg a[ q"wj dqvdsbJ hg x,wj qjiv{Gsg lg m tjvj h"vg h"vg wqi[ sj sirj;j t'hvsg ] m hV{ijWjhi Ajv qji bjRpGsj ] fi WCj hg zB yjVS b>si f+r[Lwisj ] m Rph fv.z sg f,Bg xC% w[ A'Bg duhg bvqjig r,vrZSj yjhp.sg lg dw f{i h[n #dfy$ wiw[ wpA bj uJsj ] mdzS bjRpGsg ] qV hg qV dHh l'y w[ dw i.cgbJ s[ wqi[dry h'i h' rg wg lws{ m bvqjig t'hvsg ] fi Rpo[ VqwgVs[ f{w[B sj tjvg dvxjxj rg Vhk hp.sj m WpCWpC wiV v,ef{Gsg ]!!!f'Bvg dry W.V% w[ v{ eHg h'RPeg m ijak dWlai[ dryrC w[ x,Dw[ qjig eHg h'RPeg w.W?a m

dVijL h' w[ hjv dry fH[ l'x[ RpKa[ bj W{nsg ] m dHll'x[ RpKa[ W{n w[ VjVw fiJuH[ yJs sj Vjy r[tsj h'dHbjV'B vpBjRpGsj hp.sj lg m #Ldhi sj r,cj liqjH[sji ] m yjhp.sjaJ bjfSg dwLag wiw[ rg bj lwsj lg wqgVj m WjHgw' sgbJavgbJ y,Bsj t'vg dry dfbj h'RPej m$

x[i h,o x[isg ] bjfSg eisV RpKa[ a[ spf,Bj xC% w[spbj vHg h,o flji v{Gsg ] m wpCgbJ sg q{} dxwi Vhk m RphVJVjv RphVJ s[ urjV dulq b{ m duKo[ rg idhSegbJ dulqVjv wqjb v{SegbJ m b,v%j L[i tJ } F[u s[b m

b>si'G lrjv Rpnsj ]@ w"S ] Rph TjHg xp,Bj L[i tJ a[ij (qp>cj@ V"wi uJ tlq ) dwRpG wisg H[G Rphsg dxwi m w'n[ $a[bjS w[ diLa[ ?aq h' uJs[ V[ m dlix dulq duRpGs[ V[ V'BJsg ?pijw RpKa[ m

Wp,Tg tjvj sgbJ b,tJ dl,uv h' uJsgbJ V[!!!diLaj VhkujSsg Rph@ fi Rpl dWVJ q[ij a[ q[i[ dWVJ Rplsj duRpSjqpLdwv b{ m

faj Vhk dw>Vg s[i ep.qlp.q W{ng ihg@ tjvj m zCg debjiJruj ihg lg m Rps'G hg yJs sg ip,tC bjrj; bjHg@ ##dwl sjqjaq qVj ihg H[G tjvj ) dHw dsV aJ ljdibJ ujSj Hg H[ mdHKo[ w'Hg dwl[ sj Vhk m dHl spVgbJ dry diLa[ dwKo[ drws[V[ m$$ yJs } L+gdVrjl sj Z'tj iCw dihj lg m

Wp,Tg tjvj lF lqNsg h'Hg rg wdh>sg ]@ ##b,v%j a'G idhqasg Fgt q>e ihg lg m$$

Rpsjl hjlj h,lsg ] yJs@ ##b,v%j i.cgbJ } Fgt Vhks[Gsj tjvj m$$


w'v bjS W{ng yJs } tjvj dh,w Vjv zp,B v{Gsg ] m Rps'Ghg wpA AfAf sgbJ bjrj;J tjvj s[ w.V wi s[GsgbJ V[ mRph} v,esj ]@ L[i tJ fia bjdHbj ] m yJs } uij fi%Jliwj w[ qp,t sirj;j t'v% w[ f"CgbJ a'G lCw $a[ dVejh qjisg] m fjSg qpLdwv Vjv WPBJ s[ W.V% agw idh debj lg m h[nJbj w[ dHvjhg s[ h'Bv@ l.a't FrV i[laiJ a[ fjiw r,v s[tsg] duKo[ lCw bu[ rg fjSg dry cp,Wg h'Hg ] m

Wp,Tg tjvj fvB bjRpGsg ] m yJs I,t bjrj; dry wdh>sg]@ ##i.cg sg dVuja \qpwag| dlix q"a w'v ] m$$

Wp,Tg tjvj Rphsg n'cg APh w[ wdh>sg ]@ ##qiV a[i[spLqS ) q{G dwa'G wpA tjS vHg dvbjRpGsg bJ$$ yJs sj qP>hRpadibj h'dHbj lg m wv% sj RplV[ wpN tjZj rg Vhk lg m

f{iJ dry up,ag fj w[ tjvj sWC sWC h[nJ Rpai uJsg] m lCw RpKa[ hpS fjSg VJ qjai lg fi dy,wC hg dy,wClg m wpA v'w l" wp eu sPi WjfB y"Gw r,v s"C[ uj ih[ lg mtjvj sg up,ag dy,wC dry xl uJsg ] aJ sPug } rg RpKo[hg A,c w[ Rph dy,wC Fi[ f{iJ Vjv b,De[ api uJsg ] m WjfBy"Gw dry Bi,w tC%j lg m fjvgogV s[ f{w[BJ dry A[ fPigbJa[ \fBjBj| bjvPbJ sg lW;g r.cg uj ihg lg m v'w dFtjigbJrJe waji W.V%g tC%[ lV m Wp,Tg tjvj rg waji dry v,e uJsg] m f{w[B h,o dry bjRpGsj ] aJ bjsaV NPn@ ;pWjV a[ bjuJsj ]@ ##zi[ s' urjV wpCgbJ Fp,tgbJ W{ngb{G@ W[Bj m$$

f{w[B r.cS rjvj NPn } lqN w[ s' h'i f{w[B xCjRpGsjh'dHbj@ qijng dry wpN wdh>sj ] m tjvj sg lqN dry wpNVhk bjRpGsj m

dHw dFtjiS rJe hg f{w[B riajRpS rjv[ } spbjrJs[Gsg h'Hg qpCsg ] m yji[ fjl[ dVejh qjisg ] fi yjh sje[C Vhk WSsj dwRpGdw ljigbJ spwjVJ W.s V[ m dHw qigbvduhj dF,Ddubj h'dHbj wjvj wp,aj Rpls[ df,DA[ df,DA[ h' v{Gsj ]dwRpGdw Rpl} aJ f{w[B ds,aj Vhk lg debj m duKo[ up,agbJAp,BgbJ lV RpKo[ ehp Vjv r[tsg ] m byjVw dHw spwjV s[a?af'L h[n fHg dHw wp,Da[ sg vjL dstjHg s[Gsg ] m Rpls[qV dry bjRpGsj ] dHw f{w[B t'v% w[ fPigbJ df,DA[ bj ih[wp,Da[ } fj s[r[ m x[i qV } dhCwsg ]@ L[i tJ rg aJ Fp,tjbjr[ej m

tjvj f"CgbJ yC% uJsg ] a[ wp,aj h[nJ hg tC%j idh uJsj] m dHw rjig bjfSj ligi A.csj ] a[ fia uJsj ]@ Bi,wr,v m

Rpfi fhp.y w[ wv% eHgbJ f>u[ wpCgbJ } wjvgV $a[W{dnbJ s[tsg ] m RphVJ s[ dyhdibJ RpKa[ qpsjVg AjHg h'Hglg m Wp,Tg tjvj V[ l'dybj dw dHh ljigbJ tjSegbJ aJ fPigbJz,B ujSegbJ fi A[ag hg fPigbJ } Fp,v wjqVg } fv'l ihglg duhCg Rpl} drh.dsbJ hg RpKyg-RpKyg i'S v,e fHg lg m##wqgV[ LigxujdsbJ V[ lj} dHqjia dry Vhk idhS ds,aj m

Wjhi dHw r,ti[ a.WP dry xiL $a[ f{Sj dfbj m tj-fg w[ de,Dv[wfdCbJ dry hg v[B[ lJ dw fpdvl s[ ljV% Bp,B fH[ m ija FidHw uJsj sPuj bjRpGsj m WCgbJ dq>VaJ wgagbJ!!!!!!!aphj}wg xiw f{Gs{ ( b>qJ wg blk dHVljV Vhk ($$

yJs wpl{vg duhg bjrj; dry wdh>sg ]@ ##a[ i.cgWvjawji sg dif'iB rg Vhk dvtrj lwsg m b"ia h' w[ rgRph b"ia Vhk hp.sg@ ] Vj tjvj ($$

dHw hRpwj duhj dt,y w[ Wp,Tg tjvj wdh>sg ]@ ##s'-s'fPigbJ tj vY m y"ijh[ $a[ Bi,w tC{ m q{G h'i dvbjRpSg bJ!!!$$

wpCgbJ tjS[ s[ r,c[-r,Dc[ f{w[B f'BvgbJ dry'G w,TljhqS[ i,t s[GsgbJ V[@ ##bjRpS v,DdebJ ljdibJ } s'-s' dsVJsj tjSj dqdvbj H[ m$$

tjSj LpiP wiV a'G fdhvJ qp>Vg xdiu dry'G fjSg rjvgW'av w,T dvbjRpGsg ] m duhCg dWuvg Vj h'S $a[ rg n.cglg m dWvwgl wpl{vj duhj hjlj h,l w[ wdh>sg ]@ ##dHh W'avJrg i.cgbJ ljc[ riegbJ W[Liq V[ m$$

yJs wdh>sg ]@ ##Vhk blk qisJ sg hrl sj dy,wCFdibj avjb bJ m Rph ejSj a[ Vjy r[t ih[ hp.s[ V[ fi RphVJsgbJ V;iJ ljc[ wfdCbJ b>si wpA h'i hg B'h-BB'v ihgbJhp.sgbJ V[ m$$

h"vg h"vg wpCgbJ wpN ldhu dstjHg s[S v,esgbJ m x[iRph h,lS rg v,egbJ m qp>Vg yJs } fp,Asg ]@ ##a[i[ bjdLwsj wg WdSbj Vg ($$

yJs yp,f idh>sg ] fi dWvwgl wdh>sg ]@ ##Z'tj tj w[Hg wjqIjW i.cg WdSbj uj lwsj H[ m ljo'G rZ dHh tjvjdHl l,y } ujSsg h'r[eg m fi RplsgbJ dNCwJ dryv[ l,y} blk lqN Vhk lwsgbJ m$$

Wp,Tg tjvj } lpS w[ y.ej v,Ddebj m dH>u qdhlPl h'dHbjdur[G wpCgbJ RplsgbJ e,vJ s[ lhg q>aw aw fhp.y ihgbJh'S m ##dHh l,y ] dw spVgbJ sg w'Hg ajwa ljc[ RpKa[dqhiWjV Vhk m b"ia h' w[ rg ljcg quWPig } b,Dt'G fi't[ wiw[lj} V`ia wisgbJ V[ m qis duhC[ ljc[ aw Vhk fhp.ylws[@ b>si[ b>si ljc[ r,v s"Cs[ idh>s[ V[ m duhC[ fhp.ys[V[ wpN dl,Dw[ xCj w[ ljc[ dulq } fPig ai%J B'h.s[ BB'vs[@dVy'C v{Sj yjhp.s[ V[ m spVgbJ sg w'Hg liwji Vj aJ ljc[f[L[ } dH,;a Vjv r[tsg ] a[ Vj wpN wiVj yjhp.sg ] m r{l[zi[vP b"ia rg dwhCj bjfSg d;>seg duRpG ihg HG[-Rpl sjrg aJ hi fv sPdubJ rjla[ tiy h' dih{ m wpiWjVg wdh w[Rpl} LjWjlg sg lPvg RpKa[ vBwj ds,aj uJsj b{ m$$

o'C%j Whpaj tj w[ wpCgbJ hjv s[ evgy[ RpKa[ hg fliuJsgbJ V[ m dWvwgl yJs s[ ev[ dry WjhJ fj w[ Rpl} lqNjihg lg@ ##b"iaJ bjfS[ tlq a[ b"vjs } dHKo[ bjRpS' i'wsgbJV[-fi wg Rph ipws[ V[ ( qavW dHh dw qis Vj bjfSg Wgrgsj hp.sj H[ a[ VJ qJ sj-dlix WdzbjC hp.sj H[ hrl sj m


blk aJ w'n[ rjvgbJ bJ@ faj Vhk ziJ dry dw>VgbJ wpCgbJ@b"iaJ yp,f idh w[ dHhVJ sg hrl ldh>sgbJ idh>sgbJ V[$$

tjvj l'x[ $a[ flig h'Hg lg m hjv sg zCg f>u ruj ihglg dw f"CgbJ dry f{iJ sj tCjw lpSjHg ds,aj m Wjhivjsirj;j tp,v%j hg lg m sirj;[ dry dVwq sj dyhij V;ibjRpGsj ] m Wp,Tg tjvj l'x[ a'G Rpai w[ tC%g h' uJsg ]@ ##Wjhif{i ljx wiw[ b>si bjrk b>si m$$

dVwq w'Hg q'CrJ urjW s[Gsj s[Gsj ipw uJsj ] m blvdry Rpl} f{dlbJ sg WCg v'C lg a[ tjvj a'G RpZji v{Sjbl.Fr lg m Rph sirj;[ w'v'G hg wdh>sj ]@ #dlix s' w'dnbJsgbJ wpCgbJ bjHgbJ V[ m dWuvg ] Vhk@ WC[ v'w w{Gf sgue%j wpCgbJ Vjv ija epujiVj yjhpSe[ m b,u i[B sp,eSJi,tk@ q[ij wqgLV rg sp,eSj h'r[ej m$$

##s' dsVJ sj dwKo[ lg ( dw>Vj VpwljV h'dHb{@ w"SFiPej ($$ tjvj dhitg h'Hg ] m

##Yh Rpfi rjvj fPij wiP@ q[ij wg qavW ) aP. Vhk q>VsgaJ sPu[ w'dnbJ a[ vjHgV verj dsbJej m$$

hpS tjvj h,l ihg lg@ ##q{G aJ q;jw wi ihg lg m aP.l,y lqN W{nj m$$ x[i wpCag sg u[W dry'G l" ipfH[ w,T w[ dVwq} s[Gsg h'Hg W'vg@ ##q'qW,agbJ s[ f{w[B dvbj s[b m hV[i[ $yejhw ujVri WS uJsj b{ m$$ tjvj wpCgbJ RpKa[ ija h'H[fpdvl rjdvbJ s[ bdabjyji } Fp,v yp,wg lg m

dVwq } l,yqp,y ipfHgbJ sg WCg v'C lg m s' drhvgbJijaJ V[ u[W tjvg wi ds,ag lg@ dHl vHg tjvj } lW;Wjedrtjb dihj lg m hpS Rpl} sjiP sg tp,v%g spwjV v,FSg fH[eg m

byjVw h[nJ Rpaisj dVwq x[i Rpfi qpC bjRpGsj ]@##epbJTgbJ Vjv hlfajv debj lJ@ RpKo[ RphVJ wg WpC%gsj?v lg m uj w[ faj v,Ddebj qi eHg H[ a[ vjL qpisjzidry fHg H[ m Rpl Vjv qpisjzi debj aJ fdhvg vjL r[tw[ Hg h{ijV idh debj-xpdvbj dT,c@ V,w dry'G dVwv w[ u.dqbj?PV@ bjfSj L[i tJ lg Rph m$$

dVwq RpaiV vHg x[i qpCsj ] dw Wp,Tg tjvj wPwsg]@ ##ipw uj dVwq ) q{G a[i[ Vjv hlfajv yvsg bJ m$$ h{ijVgr,l dVwq ipw uJsj ] m tjvj bvqjig dry'G V'BJ sg epBgw,T w[ wpCa[ sg u[W dry fj v{Gsg ] m

dVwq Vjv Rpaisg h'Hg fp,Asg ]@ ##wg cp,W debj lg ($$##vesj aJ dH>u Hg b{ m$$s'r[G dy,wC Fig lCw RpKa[ bj uJs[ V[ m dVwq tjvj sg

sdibj dsvg RpKa[ h{ijV lg-dHw qjqPvg V"wi hg aJ lg@bZgbj )

tjvj Rpls[ qV'Fjr } lqN w[ v.qj ljh dt,ysg ] m dHhwg lqN[ej L[i tJ sj qh,ar m wg slJ dw q[ij wg v,esjlg m Rpl wiw[ hg aJ Wp,Tg hp.sg wjdHbj V[ wsg dHw,v VhkF'eg m fp,ai rJe h,o i,tsg lg a[ dq>BJ dry Rph qis WS

uJsj lg q[ij m diLaj Wsv uJsj h'RP fi L[i tJ bjfSjidh>sj lg m L[i tJ sg ue%j Vj fdhvJ w'Hg ejhw v{ ldwbjlg a[ Vj Wjbs dry w'Hg sPuj m

apisj-apisj dVwq fp,Asj ]@ ##r{l[ aJ fpdvl dHw s'dsVJ dry Rpl} dVfBj hg s[Gsg fi hpS us'G aP. b,De[ v,efHg H[ aJ s,lSj fH[ej dw s`V wiVj H[G uJ ljCVj H[G mRpl[ dhljW Vjv dH>aujq wiVJ fr[ej a[ V'B-L'B v,eSe[ m$$qV hg qV tiy[ dry dVwq bjfSj wqgLV a{b wi dihjlg m

dHw v.qj n.cj ljh dt,ysg h'Hg tjvj wdh>sg ]@ ##us'GbjdHbj lg aJ bjfSj VJb L[i dl>z slsj hp.sj lg@ hpSdur[G blk WpvjRpGs[ lJ@ L[i tJ slsj lg ) lp.Va aJ h'Hg Vhklg Rphsg m$$

##aJ s`V wijb s[Gs[ bJ@ f>ca ljv[ yk yk WCg wis[V[ m$$

Wp,Tg tjvj s[ dyhi[ RpKa[ yqw bj eHg@ ##dVwq ?iy[sj d`wi Vj wik m dWVsjl h' w[ uVjuj RpnrjHk m f>Ddcadu>V[ q>e[ s[ s[rk m$$

wdh>sg h'Hg Wp,Tg tjvj i' fHg lg m dVwq qP>h FP.bJ w[qplwij dfbj y't[ wqgLV Wji[ l'y w[ m tjvj sg w.uPlg dwo[yvg eHg lg@ lqN Vhk lg bj dihj Rph} m H[Vj Rpl} fajdw i.cg dh>sP uJ qplvqjV hp.sg ] fi Rplsg b"vjs sj dfYdh>sP lg uJ qplvqjV f,wj Vhk sl lwsg m

dVwq l'ysj ]!!!qiV rjvj aJ qi debj@ blk aJduRpSj H[ m dHl[ Ldhi dry duRpSj H[G a[ Z.s[ sj d?bjv i,tSjH[ m wqgLV w'Hg fjf Vhk m

hjv dry fHgbJ wpCgbJ rg L[i tJ Wji[ l'y l'y w[ Rpsjlh' eHgbJ lV m RphVJ } drLrjl lg dw dVwq NPn W'v dihjlg@ b,u w'Hg ejhw Vhk bjr[ej m fi wv% us'G x[i Wj;jidry i"SwJ h'SegbJ aJ dwl } Wpvjb w[ dHvjhg dsYG wWjW@qdnbjHg uJ l.a't FrV w'v'G fjV sg spwjV a[ fjV s[ WgC[q>ejRpSegbJ m

hlfajv s[ xiL RpKa[ fHg vjL w'v W{ng tjvj i' ihglg m dVwq dH>aujq wiV yvj debj lg m v.zS-B,fS rjv[tjvj a[ L[i tJ s[ diLa[ Wji[ b>sj;[ vj ih[ lV-w"S ] dHhTjHg xp,Bj dHlsj )

´bVprjs ^ qdh>si W[sg@ u{a'


r?aJ rjvgbqgV qdvw

dV.q' dHw cjwBi lg m qJ-dfRp sg dH,wvg-dH,wvg Zg@ughsj WjvfS a'G Bpi w[ urjVg s[ Wegy[ ajHgG fp,Ddubj lg mRphs[ f{iJ dry r[v[ sg dwl[ rg lPv sj V,wj wsg rg VhgGlg Bp,DdBbj m Rph V,w sg l[Z apiV rjvg dHw dl,Zg ljZg u'eSduhg lg ugh} dwl[ rg q;%W sj Vj bu[ s'ejCj r,uj lga[ Vj dwl[ bwgs[ s[ l,f c.debj lg m Rph qVp<taj } hg hIjagba[ dHVljVgba } hg uhjV lqNsg lg m qJ-dfRp sgbJs"vaJ ba[ r,cgbJ-r,cgbJ w'ngbJ Rph} dHVljVJ Vjv'Gr,tij VJ wi lwgbJ m Rph bqgiJ s[ zi dHw `wgi duhjugb lg ugh} i[Lq Vjv'G qvqv y.eg v,esg lg m dV.q' s[ `wgigdhis[ sg Ngv dry bu[ dwl[ rg qp>c[ sj fiAjrJ VhgG lgfi qJ-dfY sg dH,Aj fPig wiV vHg ughs[ rg vC vjdHbjRph} s[raj WSj w[ fPuS v,e fHg m drbjh a'G drhv[ h' w[dV.q' s[ qJ-dfY bqigwj sg Ijaij $a[ eH[ a[ fias[ h'H[uhj; s[ hjsl[ V[ s'rJ sg ujV v{ vHg m dV.q' sg b>V%g s"vaV[ tjr.s } b>V%j wi ds,aj m ugh} s[raj WSjdHbj@ RphijwLl WS w[ qpui[@ uPH[ ba[ LijW s[ rdhS dry ipC%S v,edfbj m dV.q' sj `wgig lpFjb dHh ljij wpN r[t w[ h'i `wgih' debj m Rphs[ bjv[ spbjv[ sp,tJ sg b,e Wvg ba[ Rph}ljigbJ s"vaJ w'v'G V`ia h' eHg m b?gi RphV[ tjr.s w'v'Gf,vj Apcj w[ ljij wpN r[y r,B w[ Ldhi sg FgC a'G sPi QigWJsg dHw bduhg Wlag dry bj c[ij vjdHbj duo[ ev'G V.e[@i'Bg } ails[ Wjv spbjHg h,o'G wWiJ dry rjZj wig bjRpGs[lV m dHw VjVg hg VjVg lg@ Rph } Vjv v{ eHg m df>c drydHw dV,wg duhg dclf{Glig t'v w[ v'wJ s[ i'e bjfSg N'vgdry fj w[ fjvS v,e eHg m dHh i'e hg Rphs[ dhis[ sg n>clg m V,w res[ V.e[ WjvJ dry hg Rpl sj lwPV lg m dHl ijh$a[ Bpi w[ Rph WCg ij;g lg m fi bjts[ hV@ hi dHw ijhdwZi[ Vj dwZi[ dwl[ ijh } dqv uJsj H[ m

ija } dwl[ V[ w>Z B,fg a[ dV.q' RpKn w[ Wdh eHg m B,fSrjvj w>Z Vjv w>Z WS w[ W{nj dihj a[ dV.q' V[ bjdtbj-##u[ B,f hg bjdHbj H[G a[ v{ uj dHl zi dry'G u' v,Fsj Hg m$$B,fS rjv[ V[ W.sPw dHw fjl[ i,t w[ h,o tC[% wga[ a[ bjtSv,ej_##q[ij VJ epiq[v dl>z ] m q{G dH>cgbj sg "̀u sj dlfjhghJ m spLqSJ s[ z[i[ a'G W,y w[ a[ig LiV dry bj debj hJ mu[ d;>seg sjV wi s[r[G a[ WCj Z>Vrjsg h'rJej m$$ oJ-oJa'G fjBg risg@ wHgbJ dshjdCbJ sg Fp,t ba[ f{i-f{i RpKa[q"a s[ cijr[ V[ epiq[v dl>z } b,Z q'dHbj duhj wi A,Ddcbjlg m Rph dV.q' sg q>ug sgbJ f{GsJ rjv[ fjl[ F'dH. $a[ bj w[Wdh debj m dV.q' V[ sgr[ sg r,Bg } agvg vjHg a[ v'b a'Gcisj epiq[v Wjig Yhv[ h' tv'aj m cjwBi dV.q' V[bjdtb_##spLqSJ w'v'G ciV rjdvbj spLqSJ a'G dw>Vj wp dyi

i"LVg a'G cisj ir[Gej m u[ v'b v,e ujr[ a[ w'Hg rg dwl[ sjspLqS Vj h'r[ m duV%J } qjiV vHg W.sPw y,pwg dxiVj H[G@RpV%J } spLqS bjtsj H[G m$$ epiq[v V[ VgrgG fj vHg m Rphs[w'v'G cjwBi dV.q' s[ dyhi[ sj VPi Vj N,Ddvbj debj m dV.q'V[ r[dtbj dw epiq[v dHw vrJ duhj dwl[ qJ sj qjlPq fp,ailg ugh} i'Bg W.sPw ypwjHg dxisg H[ ba[ q"a w>Z BfjHg dxisgH[ m dV.q' V[ sgrj NvjSg dry i,t w[ yp,v[% dry w,tJ sg b,eWjv w[ i'BgbJ ar[ a'G vjhgbJ a[ epiq[v s'r[G i'BgbJ fjSgs[ zp,B rJei fg debj m dV.q' V[ h'i i'Bg r,v'G fp,dAbj m ##u[t[yv Vj h'r[ a[ h'i fwj s[r' m$$ epiq[v V[ WjvJ rJe h'ii'Bg q>eg a[ dV.q' } dHh e,v WCg hg y.eg v,eg m Rph bjtSv,eg_##lisji ug ) u[ aphjcg W.sPw } Wjv w[ s' i'BgbJ h'il,B vrJ a[ wg d?bjv H[ m$$ ##u[ WjvS VhgG h{ej a[ Wjv vY m$$epiq[v V[ dHh e,v rg WjvJ rJei wgag m dV.q' } dHh e,vh'i rg y.eg v,eg ba[ RphV[ l,yg-qp,ygG W.sPw sj W,B Wjv w[Vjvg } NvjVg RpKa[ dl,B ds,aj m i'Bg Bp,w tj w[ epiq[v drhC[dry RpKeg W[ig s[ qp,T Vjv T'b vj w[ Wdh debj a[ dV.q'V[ fp,dAbj_##lisji ug ) hpS b,e'G wg f+'eijq u[ ($$ epiq[vdl>z V[ f,e } lrjhig widsbJ bjdtbj_##cjwBi dV.q' ug )u[ w'Hg liW.Z h' lwsj ] a[ wi dsY@ VhgG a[ q"a a[ q[ijdf,Aj wi hg ihg H[ m$$ dV.q' V[ F'ij wp l'dybj a[ epiq[v }Vjv v{ w[ VjVg w'v yvg eHg m VjVg V[ ljig e,v lpS w[bjdtbj_##ZgH[ ) u[ w'Hg yjij ] aJ wi v{ m dHl L'hs[ sgujV Wy ujH[ m b,e'G a[ig qi;g m$$ dV.q' V[ ljig ija l'dybj m

agu[ dshjC[ epiq[v dl>z Vj dl,t dihj@ Vj dh>sP VjqplvqjV m RphsgbJ ljigbJ dVLjVgbJ dqBj w[ dV.q' V[bjdtbj_##v{ epiq[v ) b,u a'G aP. dlix dHVljV H[G ba[ a[ijVJ vjv ] m vjv rg risg ljC w[ "̀ug WPBJ } W[ig VjvB>e ds,aj lg@ ughs[ dry dyCgbJ V[ bjv%S[ fj vH[ m vjv} dy,Bj y"vj fj w[ dV.q' dclf{Glig dry v{ eHg@ duo[ RphV,w res[ dWqji WjvJ } ljij dsV y,pw w[ Bgw[ vjRpGsj ba[?jvg W'avJ Z'Gsj m ija } dV.q' sg Wwig sg Zji w,T w[ yp,v[%dry b,e cJhsj a[ dV.q' hJcg Bp,w fwj w[ b,e[ Zi ds>sg mdH>u hg y't[ dshjC[ v>z eH[ m dHw WpT[ig qJ hg lg df,A[@ ughsgIjs epiq[v } Bp.Wsg a[ Rph s' h.NP qJ sg Ijs } a'h`j s[A,csj m Wjici B,f w[ bjfS[ s[l fiaS sg tjdhL wsg t>>Fdtvjisg ba[ v,eg h'Hg u>e ijh T,w v{Gsg m hpS Rph dli dl,Bw[ qjlPqgba s[ q>si dry W{nj s[rg dV.q' s[ yiVJ dry Wdhw[ dhis[ sj dHLVjV wijHg uJsj lg m dV.q' sg hi e,v }VgrgG fj w[ lpSsj ba[ i,W s[ hpwq rJei q>Vg uJsj lg m

dHw ija cjwBi dwl[ qig; } r[t w[ lr[i s[ ajijyC[% fiag s[ vjv Rph} Rpcgwsj-Rpcgwsj WiPhJ dry hg


RpGzvj w[ l" debj m a?a[ Vjv T'b vj w[ RpcgwJ dry W{n[vjv } r[t w[ i,W ujS[ wg h'dHbj m cjwBi dV.q' zCg sgzCg dHw ;VjVg WS w[ vjv } r[tsg ihg m q'T[ } h,o vjw[ uejdHbj a[ dH>u v,ej dur[G h,o afS v,e dfbj H[ m fajVhgG vjv } ajf ydCbj lg uJ b,e Vjv b,e tdh eHglg m ##vjv@ b{cg ija eH[ WPhj t'v dwRpG W{nj dihj H[ m dV.q'V[ WCj ;'i vj w[ dfbji } hqsisg sj i.e yjC% w[ bjdtbj m##cjwBi dV.q' ) aphj} Rpcgwsj Rpcgwsj l"G hg debj lJ m$$vjv V[ VgrgG fj w[ bjdtbj m vjv s[ b>si wpN rg h'r[@ fiRph dV.q' sg fdr,aiaj o,v[ s,W w[ dV.q' } b,t Fi w[ rg Vjr[tsj m us'G dwl[ Wjv } yp,w w[ Bgwj vrjRpGsj ba[ dV.q' lPHgs[ V,w[ r,v r[t ihg hp.sg a[ Rphs[ dy,B[ sp,Z y>V rie[ qP>hRpKa[ lpVdhig rjvJ sg dvB } r[t w[ Rphsj ugb wisj@ RphbjfS[ h,oJ Vjv fi%J wi s[r[ m vjv bjf hg i,u w[ e,FiPl'hSj lg fi Rph} vesj lg q[i[ h,o Vjv s[rg q{vg h' ujH[egba[ Vjv[ Rph epVjheji h' ujr[ej m hi ijh dwl[ y"ijh[ dryuj w[ qp,w uJsg H[ m Yo'G w'Hg VrgG ijh u.qsg H[ m dHh q'Cb{cg h"vg h"vg bjdHbj dw s'rJ } faj hg Vj v,ej dw Rphvdh.s[ r,v uJs[-uJs[ yC%s[ r,v qP>h wiw[ tv'a[ h'H[ V[ m l'yJsgbJ lPHgbJ a[ wHg rji ypFsgbJ lV fi b,u faj VhgGRphVJ s[ b>si dwhCg u>e v,eg h'Hg lg m dclf{Glig a'G v{w[ zi agwi dHw sPu[ Vjv w'Hg e,v Vj wgag m RpKa'G b{r[Gyp,f fi b>si'G s'r[G hg bjfS[ i"v[ sg ugF } s>sJ o,v[ v{ w[Lij`aa sj dli RpKyj wig W{n[ lV m b>sivg u>e us'G lWis[ WPh[ agwi b,fC eHg a[ zi fhp.y w[ cjwBi dV.q' V[ {̀lv[sj wp.cj tCwj ds,aj m WPhj t'v% w[ b>si rCg a[ Rphsj h"lvjdli dry'G Wjhi bj debj m cjwBi V[ cjwBiJ rjv[ vgC[ vjh[a[ dry'G dHw uVjVg dVwv w[ uVjVgbJ rjv[ vgC[ dry rCeHg m bjfS[ {̀lv[ sg f"Cg RpKa[ f{i i,t dvbj m vjv s[ b>sidfbji s[ hP.es[ qig; sg VW; Rph y.eg ai%J B'h yp,wg lg mus'G da>VJ V[ i'Bg tj fg vHg a[ dV.q' V[ bjdtbj_##vjv@ b>si'Gsgrj yp,w w[ Wjhi W[ig s[ qp,T w'v i,t s[ m h,o s[ w[ dvbjHgG@r[tgG sgrj dwZi[ WpN Vj ujr[ m$$ vjv V[ dHw ajdWbjsji qpigsrJe dHh hpwq q>dVbj ba[ sgr[ } hrj a'G Wyjb w[ W[igo,v[ i,t ds,aj m dV.q' V[ bjfSg VjVg sg WJh xC w[ sgr[ w'vW{nj ds,aj m

vjv } bjrj; qjig a[ bjdtbj_##LjdHs qpC dHh zCgbjr[ Vj bjr[ m bj vjv@ aP. rg hpS dHl sgr[ s[ w'v bj w[Wdh uj m$$ dryjv[ sgrj a[ bjv[ spbjv[ Rph da>V[G us'G bjw[ Wdh eH[ a[ dV.q' V[ bjfSj qP>h VjVg s[ w>V w'v tC w[bjdtbj_##VjVg@ aP. lj} bjdebj s[@ b,u q{G a[ vjv drbjhwi vHgH[ m$$ vjv s[ w>VJ dry lJb-lJb h'dHbj m Rphsj qP>hvjv h' debj a[ Rph} dH>u v,debj dur[G dwl[ lp,a[ fH[ W.s[RpKa[ fjSg sj zCj RpvBj ds,aj h'r[ m VjVg V[ s'rJ s[ qP>hr,v r[dtbj a[ h,l w[ bjtS v,eg_##dfbji V[ wsg dHuj;aa[ VhgG q>eg fi dxi rg aplJ q{} r,cj ujdSbj ] a[ b,uq{G h'i rg r,cg h' eHg bJ m$$ dxi dV.q' V[ vjv r,v r[t w[

bjdtbj-##bj vjv@ hpS dHw sPu[ w'v'G dHuj;a q>egH[ m$$ vjvyp,fyjf VgrJ qP>h wiw[ ;qgV r,v r[tS v,e dfbj a[ w'HgRpai Vj ds,aj m dV.q' V[ bjdtbj_##vjv ) us'G dHl spVgbJdry'G dHVlj` wiV rjv[ qp,w ujS a[ bjfS[ {̀lv[ bjf hgwiV[ f{Gs[ V[ m u[ aP. dHl {̀lv[ sj hpwq spVgbj w'v'G v{S ujr[Geja[ Rph a{} bjfS[ {̀lv[ sg lPvg a[ B>e s[Se[ m r[vj o'C%j]@ A[ag wi m {̀lv[ sg wvq } spVgbj sg srja dry c'WSBpi fH[ a[ blgG s'r[G cp,W ujrJe[ m$$ vjv } srja a[ e,vJWCgbJ cP.zgbJ v,egbJ m Rphsg lqN dry b{Vg hg e,v bjHgdw ##drbjh rjla[ qp,vJ f>ca fJc[ a[ erjh hp.s[ V[ m b,uRph lji[ dwo[ V[ ($$

dV.q' V[ fPi[ ;'i Vjv wdhwhj qjdibj@ W[ig a'G dyCgbJsg cji RpKcg a[ h"vg h"vg dxi bjfSg oJ $a[ Wdh eHg m dV.q'V[ bjfSg l,u[ h,o sg RpGevg } dl,Zj agi tCj wiw[ vjvsgbJ b,tJ dry b,tJ fj w[ bjdtbj_##erjh W[HgqjV sgW[HgqjV RpKa[ RpGevg i,tS rjla[ hp.s[ V[ m NPdnbJ } NPnjbjtS rjla[ a[ duV%J s[ dsvJ dry w'hC h'r[ RpV%J } cijRpSrjla[ WSjH[ uJs[ V[ a[ vjv@ aP. s,l a[i[ dsv dry dHh' duhgw'Hg L{b h{eg bj a[ q{G erjh l,s vJeg a[ Vjv[ W[HgqjVg@NPn[ ba[ w'hN sj dHvju w'Hg erjh rg VhgG wi lwsj maP. bjfS[ b>si W{n[ h'H[ erjh } fp,A m u[ Rph erjhg ds.sjH[ a[ lj} dwl[ erjh sg v'C VhgG m drbjh a[ dHw bdhs@dHw l,yj rjbsj a[ l,yj qpbjdhsj hp>sj H[@ duhCj Wgrg a[tjr.s bjfS[ bjf qV Vjv wis[ V[ m idh eH[ qp,vJ @ fJc[@FjHg a[ x[i[ m a[ q{G bjtSgbJ@ u[ x[i[ v{ w[ W>sj dxi ujH[ a[f>ca dwl ai%J h,o s[ w[ c,w vH[ej m vjv dHh ljij wpNa[i[ rjla[ VhgG WdSbj m dHh a[ qh;W r.c[ v'w ba[ RpKyglpljdHBg vHg WSjdHbj debj ]@ duV%J s[ qp,wi ujS sj WhpajL,w hp>sj H[ m A,c dHh ljigbJ e,vJ m q{G wsg dHw drbjh erjhWSj w[ rg wgaj lg@ wg WdSbj Rpl drbjh sj ($$

vjv V[ VgrgG fj w[ bjdtbj_##cjwBi dV.q' ) q{} bjfSjVlgW $a[ IwgV VhgG bjRpGsj dw q{G epiq[v a'G vjv a[ vjva'G cjwBi dV.q' sj qjdvw WS lwsj hJ m$$ dV.q' qplwij w[bjtS v,eg_##VhgG@ VhgG vjv@ Vj aP. q[ij qjdvw H[G a[ Vjq{G hg a[ig qjdvw hJ m blgG s'r[G dHw ijh s[ s' ijhg hJ a[iv w[ A'Bj duhj bevj l`i w,B v{Sj yjhp.s[ hJ m aP. i,tVjVg s[ h,o $a[ h,o m$$ vjv V[ VjVg s[ h,o i,Ddtbj a[ agujh,o RpKa[ dV.q' V[ i,t ds,aj m da>V[G h,o sgr[ sg v'b RpKa[ i,tw[ dV.q' V[ bjdtbj_##bjY@ da>V[ dHw sPu[ } qpWjiwWjs s[w[ dHw QigW ?jq'L a[ yp,fyjf drbjh vHg w'Hg y.eg duhgspbj q>e vHgH[ m u.N@ rju[@ T'vwgbJ a[ qdh>sgbJ r,c[ v'wJvHg idhS s[HgH[ m$$ dV.q' us'G dHh e,v bjt ihg lg a[ VjVgV[ bjfSg q{vg duhg yp.Vg Vjv b,oiP fP>Ns[-fP>Ns[ Rphs[ dli} xC w[ bjfS[ lgV[ Vjv vj dvbj a[ dV.q' s[ b>sivg NJlgsg ijSg avrji lp,B w[ qisjVeg s[ RPn RpKa'G dc,e fHg mRph dHw b,v%C urjV qdh>sg v,eg F'vg Fjvg spvhV WS w[c'vg dry rC w[ qJ-dfRp a[ lh[vgbJ a'G drACg h'Hg fis[lS


WS w[ dH>Vj i'Hg dw b,oiP r[t w[ vjv sg qisjVeg r{SfjRpS v,e fHg m dV.q' V[ ep;i[ h'H[ lji[ ;qjV[ dH,wn[ wi vH[a[ hi dHw ;qjV[ Vjv dHw rji dxi n[cj tjZj a[ hi n[w[a[ ygw ygw w[ i'Hg m dHw Whjsi cjwBi a'G dHw VjVg WSw[ i'Hg m Rphs[ dHijs[ sgbJ WejraJ sj WCj dyi ljh Bp,DdBbJdihj m W[ig o,v[ hg ija b,Zg a'G Whpag B,f eHg m b,tJ sj hC%us'G w.dTbJ a'G o,v[ bjRpSj LpiP h'dHbj a[ dV.q' V[ bjf hgbjdtbj_##blgG rg L{sjHg hJ@ duV%J vjLJ sgbJ h,cgbJ rgev lC eHgbJ V[ RphVJ $a[ rg i'Gs[ idh>Ds[ bJ m bjY ) VgGsdry'G bjfS[ bjfS[ lp̀ V[ v,FgH[ m$$

bu[ dHw ljv hg h'i qp<dwbJ lg dw ?pLgbJ sg cP.zg VgGs$y'G dV.q' a[ vjv V[ duhCj lp̀ Vj r[dtbj lg Rph dHh lg fHgdqvBig dH>DB{vgu{Gl s[ wpN W.s[ H[l QigW Wlag sg zi~ziavjLg v{GdsbJ v{GdsbJ W[ig Vjv B.e[ h'H[ "̀ug WPB aw fhp.yeH[@ duV%J dry dyCgbJ V[ bjv%S[ WSj w[ W,y[ s[ A,c[ lV mdV.q'' V[ WC[ aiv[ vH[ "̀ugbJ b,e[ fHg dyCgbJ s[ W,y[ dH>uVj ;qgV $a[ lp,DB' qi ujSe[@ fi dHVljVJ s[ W,dybJ } qjiVrjdvbJ V[ dyCg s[ W'B W[ig s[ qp,T Vjv W,DN[ WPBJ dry'G dHlai%J NjC ds,a[ dur[G f'Sg dry'G dA,cg rejh w[ qjig sg H[ mL,w f,wj hp>sj debj a[ Rph b>si rC[ m lCg h'Hg W.sPw sgv'h[ sg Vjvg xC w[ vjv sgbJ ieJ dry s[ w[ fp<dAbJ dHhW.sPw sg Vjvg dwo'G bjHg H[ ( vjv bu[ W'dvbj rg VhgG lgdw dHw fiA,ag RpKa[ vjv s[ "̀ug wjQu f,ai dqv eH[ m vjv} xC w[ tCV a'G fdhvJ cjwBi dV.q' V[ bj?ig tjdhL dH>uwgag dur[G w'Hg qiV rjvj wisj ] m RphV[ bjdtbj_##lj}r[v[ s[ lqp>si dry'G dHw zp,B fgS vHg dHw z>B[ sg q'hvadsY m blgG drAC w[ dHw duRPS sj f+'eijq a[ WSj vHgH[ m$$"̀ug b`li V[ bjdtbj_##yv'@ u' bjtSj u[ bjt vY m$$ dV.q'

V[ bjdtbj_##u[ wpN bjtS lpSV sg bjdebj s[ hg ds,agu[ a[ dxi lj} qgbJ Wgrg rg lqN vY a[ bjfSj fdhijo'C%j duhj fi%J } wi vr' m$$ dwl[ dLwi[ V[ dwl[ zp,eg sj dvhjua[ VhgG wgaj lg fi dHw b`li faj VhgG dwRpG s' zCgbJvHg dHVljV WS debj a[ bjdtbj_##ujY@ Rpl W[ig o,v[ Wdhw[ b,Zj z>Bj v{ w[ drACV sg `Jlg ev dry fj vY m$$ b,DZ[z>B[ dry b{Vj hg h'dHbj dw dV.q' V[ vjv sg bj?ig tjdhLfp,Ag m vjv sg bj?ig tjdhL rg RphVJ sg bjfSg d;.segrJe bugW' QigW lg m RphV[ bjdtbj_##u[ wpCg h'Hg a[ bjfS[w'v l.Fjv w[ i,t vrk a[ u[ qp>cj h'dHbj a[ dH>cgbj dry fhp.yjs[rk m q[ij faj bjfS[ w'v l.Fjv w[ i,t v{ m$$ dxi vjv }h,owCgbJ v,egbJ a[ r[v[ V[ dHw rji dV.q' sgbJ Iagq ?pLgbJ} u'C w[ eP.e[ tPh dry lp,B ds,aj m lih,sJ s[ ijt[@ wj}Vs[ fdhi[sji a[ qpvwJ s[ qjvw b,u dHw dHVljV } A'Bgduhg ujegi a'G W[s?v wiw[ wj}V s[ b>V[ lwPv sg b>Z[igw'nig $y sj?v wiV vHg v{ w[ Bpi fH[ hV m W.V[% h'H[ h,oa[ tp,vgbJ h'HgbJ l'yJ Vjv W[ig o,v[ Wdh w[ qgbJ Wgrg sgbj?ig ep̀ ajeP } vjv V[ dxi Ijs wgaj a[ Rphs[ e'c[ dFCeH[ m o.q doCw eH[ a[ b.si sg w'ng dh,v eHg m vjv V[

dV.q' } bjdtbj lg_##aP. q[i[ W,y[ } bjfSg wpt dry i,t w[H[l spVgbj dry dwr[G ug lw[Geg m q[i[ df,A'G a{} duRPS vHgw'Hg tP>uj rg VhgG v,FSj m dV.q' s[ b,oiP e,v%J sj l`i wiw[n'cg $a[ tv'Gs[-tv'Gs[ dc,e fH[ a[ bjdtbj-##VhgG vjv@ dHwtP>uj dHh' duhj rg ] duZi ujS rjla[ q{} w'Hg rg qjHgsj vjv VhgG c,w lwsj m Rph fec.cg q"a sg rjsg r,v v{uJsg H[ m$$ vjv V[ b,oiP fg w[ bjdtbj_##dV.q'@ wg aP. Rphf{Gcj dwl[ l.eg ljog a'G dWVJ hg qpwjH[Geg ($$ dV.q' V[ dyCgbJs[ W'B qjiV rjdvbJ } Vj dHVljV lqdNbj a[ Vj LiqjHg mRphV[ vjv s[ rjvJ dry RpGevgbJ sg w.zg wiw[ bjdtbj_##vjv ) wHg l`i dHh' duh[ rg hp.s[ hV@ duo[ ljog a'G dWVJhg irjVeg y.eg v,esg H[ m dHw dsV hi dwl[ } hi dwl[w'v'G r,tij a[ h'Sj hg hp>sj ] fi r,tij i,W wi[ a[ e,v h'ihp>sg H[ m us'G i,W s[ W.s[ b,cij wi s[S a[ i,W Vjv hit wiV} ugb wisj H[ m uj yvj uj@ q{G VhgG yjhp.sg q[i[ ljhqS[a[i[ duh[ qjq'v[ $a[ w'Hg dLwij bjfSj f>uj qji[ m$$ drACVsg bjtig zCg r[v[ dV.q' a[ vjv V[ dHw sPu[ sgbJ b,tJ dryb,tJ fj w[ dHw sPu[ } dHl ai%J fgaj dw dxi ljig hIjagb,tJ sj fjSg qp,w debj m dxi wj}V sg awCg sg Ajr[G Wdhw[ w>ZJ Vjv v,egbJ h'HgbJ Ziag s[ B'B[ wiV rjv[ r,DdcbJ-r,DdcbJ W.dsbJ sgbJ qPiaJ r,v r[t w[@ q'BgbJ-q'BgbJdwajWJ s[ riw[ x'v w[ egaj@ e+>o a[ wpijV sgbJ wlqJ tjw[ dVbJ wga[ eH[ m vjv } W.sPw dl,B w[ bqV sg zp,eg VjvbjvS[ dry Vj WdhS sg l;j lpSjHg eHg m qjvwJ V[ Rphs[Vjv h,o wgaj a[ h,o t'v w[ lgtJ dfKA[ Z,wj s[ ds,aj m

VjVg a[ b,e[ hg q"a s[ hC% $a[ aisj h'dHbj WpvWpvjlg@ dHw h'i A,v bjHg a[ WpvWpvj rg Bp,B debj m dV.q' r[v[s[ dB,W[ B'dHbJ dry dc,esg Tdh>sg vjv sg b"vjs a[ Rphs[sp,tJ } bjfSgbJ wp,tJ dry fjvsg fjvsg bjfSg q"a sgfjvwg dabji wisg ihg m dw>Vj wp dyi r?aj Vjv bjTjvjHg i,tsg m dHw dsV Rphsg rg dlha V[ bjv%S[ dry'G dc,e[h'H[ dyCg s[ W'B rJeP. qP>h b,c dvbj m "̀ug dH.B{vgu{Glg V[ vjv} oJ~oJ sgbJ wjv-w'nCgbJ drtjHgbJ m Vr[G-Vr[G algh[ds,a[ m bqigwj a'G dl,t w[ bjH[ "̀ug WdzbjCJ V[ Rph}bjfSgbJ sjhCJ o,v[ v{ w[ dy,Ddobj fi vjv V[ a[ H[lqpvw dry bj w[ dHw hg ij; xdCbj lg dw bqV a[ LJaghg ugrV sj blv VJ ] m RphV[ a[ dHl qpvw sj w'Hg rg"̀ug ij; VhgG lg ypijdHbj m Rph RphVJ b`liJ } dwo'G a[

dwhCj ij; s,lsj m dur[G-dur[G dHVwji wisj dihj Rph} f,wjy'i lqN w[ RphsgbJ u[v%J WsvsgbJ ihgbJ a[ yqCgbJRpZCsgbJ ihgbJ m dV.q' w'v rg dHlaig wgag favPS a[dvLws[ WPBJ rjv[ b`li bjRpGs[ uJs[ ih[ m bqV sj LWsRpV%J s[ w>VJ } RpKwj hg y.ej Vj v,Ddebj m Rph l,DdybJ }NPngbJ l;jrJ s[ w[ qji qpwjRpGs[ ih[ m qp,w aJ Rph b,e[ hgeH[ hV m w,v[ h'H[ W.s[ s[ ljh Vj rg qp,wS a[ Rph qp,Ddwbjh'dHbj hg hp>sj ] m

lPiu V[ vjvg s[ A,fC dry Ajv qji ds,ag lg m bj?ig


wgCg bjfS[ qP>h dry bj?ig wqjHg v{ w[ ip,c dry uj w[B,Wi dry Wdh eHg lg m W[ig duCgbJ Vjv v,sg eHg lg a[RphVJ sg Ljq sg qgdB>e sj L'i h"vg-h"vg z,B h' debj lg mdrhC[ dry W,Zg h'Hg W,wig Rpejvg wisg wisg dHwsq qP>hW>s wiw[ w>V tC%[ wi v{Gsg lg us'G dwl[ h,cg a'G vCs[-vCs[wp,a[ Rph} cij ds>s[ lV m zCr.ug $a[ fH[ h'H[ V.e[ zC[ drywJ V[ wHg rji qP>h fjdHbj lg fi duhC[ zi dry b,tgbJsj tPh resj h'r[@ Rpo[ zdCbJ dry'G fjSg lp,w uJsj ] m ;qjV[sg ailjHg dV.q' V[ df,av sg c'vSg dry'G bj?ig s' zp,B dq,Bgsg dfbjvg dry fj w[ adihjH[ wJ b,e[ i,t ds,a[ m wJ }dHVljV sg Vgba $a[ L,w h'S wiw[ yp>N Fisj a[ dHw b,tVjv dV.q' } r[t v{Gsj lg m Rph } faj lg dHVljV dfbjidrtj w[ hg xjhg vjRpGsj H[ m y'ej dl,B w[ hg B'wig o,v[ ds>sjH[@ Wpiwg drtj w[ wpdC,wg dry xljRpGsj H[@ FjCj fj w[ y'Gsja[ f,n[ drtj w[ w'Ghsj H[ m Rph drhC[ s[ drywji d;.seg s[WpN[ h'H[ sgr[ s[ b>Z[i[ dry bvjSg q>ug $a[ W{ng Wv ihg lga[ W[dZbjVg dry faj VhgG dwRpG q>ug sgbJ f{GsJ } t,W[ h,oVjv dH>u zp,B w[ xdCbj h'dHbj lg dur[G qvjh a'G dWVJ W[Cgsj w'Hg lrji cp,WS a'G cisj W[Cg s[ w.T[ } xC v{Gsj ] msiblv Rph cisg l"Gsg VhgG lg m Rph us'G rg l"Gsg@ Rph}u[v% sg w'nCg s[ df,A[ lvjtJ xC w[ tv'aj h'dHbj vjvdslsj@ duhCj ejRpGsj lg_##sgr[ } erjh wgaj dHw r?ajrjvg V[@ r?aJ Vjv drbjh wgaj$$ W{ng-W{ng dV.q' } y[ajbjdHbj RphV[ f{GsJ } dH>Vj zp,B w[ dwRpG xdCbj h'dHbj H[ mf{GsJ A,c w[ bjfS[ h,o r,v r[dtbj ughs[ RpKa[ vjlJ f{ eHgbJlV m RphV[ bjfS[ s'r[G h,o qv[ m dH>u rg a[ Rphsg ljig hIjagh,o qvdsbJ hg v.z eHg lg fi b,u sg Ljq faj VhgG dwRpGRph} Whpag Fjig v,e ihg lg m Wjv Fig wp,t@ ljig spVgbjs[ sp,t a[ e'c[ Fp,t h'r[ a[ hIjag sj f>Z w'Hg dwr[G qpwjr[ mlr[i[-lr[i[ qjLwg zC[ dry fjSg fjRpS bjdHbj a[ dV.q' }q"a Vjv e,vJ widsbJ r[t w[ ljig Wlag dry i"vj f{ debj mdHl Wlag s[ lji[ rlVgw dV.q' s[ qig; rg lV a[ dV.q' }bjfSj i,W rg ujSs[ lV m Rph dV.q' } dHw W{ve,cg dryfj w[ Vjv s[ Ldhi v{ eH[ a[ dV.q' V[ vjv sg dVLjVg }V"G qhgdVbJ sg WujH[ l,aJ qhgdVbJ df,A'G hg spVgbj dryv{ bJsj m cjwBiJ V[ WCj yjij wgaj fi dHh dVLjVg Vji'Hg a[ Vj bjrj; w,Tg m y,pfyjf b,tJ t'v% w[ dHh sp,tJ sgf{sjrji spVgbj } r[tsg ihg m dV.q' s[ ligi dry'G fgS rjla[dHh } sp,Z sj dHw rg zp,B VlgW Vj h'dHbj m us'G dV.q' }h'L bjHg a[ Rph dV,wj duhj e.Pej W'av Vjv sp,Z fg dihjlg m cjwBi dV.q' } faj v,e debj lg fHg dHh A'Bj vjvduhCj s'rJ sj vjv lg@ ljig Rpqi bjfS[ h,oJ Vjv hg e,vJwdibj wi[ej m Rph i' lw[ej fi wpN W'v Vj lw[ej m dV.q'V[ Rphsg e,v $a[ RpGevg vj w[ dH>Vj hg bjdtbj lg_##y.ejhg h'dHbj@ wg wi[ej W'v w[@ w"S lpSsj ] dHo[ dwl[ sg@ yp,fv{ w[ qi ujSj hg y>ej ] m W'vS rjv[ ejv%J@ Z't[@ ;?q a[u[v%J ds>s[ V[ m$$

dV.q' eP.e[ sj VJ eP.ej i,t w[ bjfS[ bjf Vjv bjf hgW'vg@ y.ej h'dHbj dHhs[ w'v'G w'Hg spVgbj sj ij; VhgGfp,A[ej m dHh qji VhgG tjr[ej@ dHh u[v% Vj ujr[ej@ dHhsjw'Hg q;%W Vj h'r[ej m w'Hg f>ca@ qp,vJ@ FjHg dHh} bwgdsbJsg lPvg $a[ VhgG B.e[ej m dHh ljig spVgbj } Wl dHw hgdHVljV ujS w[ ugr[ej ba[ dHhs[ vHg w'Hg lih,s VhgGh'r[eg m dHh dHw wgCj ] a[ wgdCbJ sg ip,c dry rC w[ ugbvr[ej m dV.q' dHh hg l'yJ l'ysg l'ysg dHw Ljq eP.e[ }yp,w w[ hlfajv dry'G dVwv eHg m Rph bjfSg Wlag } ujSrjvg w,yg lCw $a[ tv' w[ dwl[ bjli[ sg bjl dry lg dwdf>c sj WjSgbj vjvj ijq dsbjv l"sj vjh w[ bjfSg W{ve,cg dvuJsj dqdvbj m vjv[ sg vjvyg b,t Vjv ipvg tpvg@o,wg-Bp,Bg@ h.Fg-hjig uVjVg } Ljq r[v[ Rpl[ hg b,t Vjvr[dtbj@ duhCg b,t Vjv w'Hg qp>cj dwl[ wpCg } r[tsj H[ mvjvj drywjiv[ Bp,B[ h'H[ s>s Vjv dfRp sg Rpqi dry qdhWPWrjvg qplwijhB s[ w[ b,e[ rZS v,ej a[ dV.q' V[ h,o s[ w[c,w dvbj m vjvj tpL h' debj fi dV.q' } fAjS w[ RphsgtpLg i' fHg m vjvj ijq dsbjv H[l Wlag sj tJsj-fgGsj W>sjlg m b,Z[ df>c sg F'dH. Rphs[ w'v edhS[ fHg h'Hg lg@ Wjwgdf>c } wi;j s[ w[ lPs tJsj lg a[ RphVJ sj vhP fgGsj lg mi'; v'wJ sgbJ quWPigbJ qp,v v{ w[ Rph bjfSgbJ qVqi;gbJwisj idh>sj lg m dV.q' } hlfajv vHg o'C%j duhj sjV s[w[ bjfSj dHvju dV.q' } zi l,s w[ wirjRpGsj hp>sj lg mfi us'G dV.q' vjv[ sgbJ e,vJ a'G w"C tj w[ Rphs[ zi ujSa'G dHVwji wi ds,aj a[ vjv[ V[ sjV W>s wiw[ dV.q' sgdclf{Glig W.s wirjRpS sj bjhi fjhi wgaj fi v'wJ s[i"vj fjRpS Vjv vjvj quWPi h' debj m dV.q' sg y.eg lPiaa[ Lijà RpKa[ vjv[ } fpijSj r,B lg@ b,u Rph bjfS[ dLwjis[ Bp,B[-tp,l[ t>F r[t w[ dHw rjig dxi f>uj fjRpS v,ej lg mdV.q' sg N'vg dry dV,wj duhj Wjv@ W[bjlij@ dWqjig@ Fp,ta[ ija sj r[vj r[t w[ vjv[ s[ WpT[f[ dry'G urjVg a[ W[HgqjVgV[ dli yp,dwbj@ duhCg oJ $a[ dV.q' b,u tv'ag lg Rpo'G Rph}w'Hg rg RpGevg xCj s[r[ a[ RphV[ dHh VhgG lg r[tSj fHgdHh dwhC[ W.s[ sg WJh a[ wghsj h,o ] m fi dV.q' dHw bduhgb"ia lg ughs[ w'v bjS a[ bSt sj dHh' duhj dwv%j lgduhs[ dry tv' w[ Rph lji[ uhjV Vjv vC lwsg lg m

dV.q' V[ h,o s[ w[ bjdtbj_##vjvj ug ) df>c aw v{ ujYa[ d*fj h'r[eg m$$ vjv[ } dq>Va sg WujH[ dli` dH,;a wiVgfHg a[ e,v y.eg Vj v,eg fi dV.q' df>c sg lF a'G r,cg dH,;aa[ QigWg sg d;.seg lg m Rph} RpKa[ dWnj w[ cis[-cis[ vjv[V[ bu[ dHw' hg e,v wgag lg a[ dV.q' V[ bjdtbj_##ijq dsbjvug ) uhJ d;>seg sj dHw dHaVj v.qj lì a{b wi dvbj]@ Yo[ Wlag aw sj lì Fg bjfS[ f{iJ fi wjB lwaghP. m q{G b,Aj Wpij ?PW ujVag hP. ba[ apq qpN[ dHl Wpi[ rwas[ ila[ fi bFg Rpaji lwa[ h' m$$ vjvj tdlbjSj duhj h'w[ bjtS v,ej_##cjwBi dV.q' ) apqhji[ Fv[ wj l'y wi b{lgWja wi sg og@ bei Wpig v,eg h' a' qj` wi s' m$$ x[i vjvj


a[ dV.q' df>c aw eP.e[ W'v[ WS w[ fp,u eH[ m dV.q' bjfS[w.fjRPci s[ WPh[ b,e[ uj w[ Rpai fHg m RphV[ bj w[ ugrVs[ lji[ WPh[ W>s wi vH[ m lji[ df>c w'v cjwBi dV.q' sj hpSw'Hg dHvju VhgG lg a[ Vj dV.q' w'v hpS dwl[ rjla[ w'Hg srjHglg m Rph hpS i'; bjfSg VW; bjf B'h w[ bjfS[ df>c[ sjdhljW wisg lg m Rph} faj lg Rphsg dWqjig dw>Vj dyivqwjH[eg m eP.ej e'dcbJ a[ diC%sj-diC%sj f{iJ a[ BpiV v,edfbj lg a[ dV.q' f{iJ a'G h,B w[ q>ug $a[ f{ eHg lg m w.f'ciepvjW du>V[ u'ej ] lg@ bjfSg QigWg sj dh,lj RphVJ }rg r>csj dihj m fi dHh' duhgbJ r.cJ dHw dsV r[v[ a'G fdhvJhg W.dsbJ } r.c ds>sgbJ V[ m ugrV sgbJ a=wjvJ b,tJ dryBpiV v,e fHgbJ a[ dV.q' V[ wje; RpKa[ wpN dvdtbj@ dxisPhij aghij wiw[ Rphsj arg; WSj w[ yqC[ dry qCrjdHbja[ eP.e[ s[ e,v dry W.V% ds,aj m epvjW } l{Va qji w[ dV.q'V[ bjfS[ w'v q>ug $a[ W{nj dvbj a[ h"vg-h"vg dq>Va wiVrjv[ vdhu[ Vjv bjfS[ s'r[G h,o u'C w[ bjdtbj-##epvjW )H[l spVgbj dry q[ig bj?ig dH,Aj fPig wiV rjvj w'Hg VhgGidh debj m u[ aP. bjdebj s[r[G a[ bjfSg d;.seg rieg q{GdHw w'Ng duhg ?jdhL a{} s,l lwsg bJ ( u[ h' lw[ a[ fPigwi s[GHg VhgG a[ q[i[ $a[ h,l w[@ q[i[ qiV $a[ i' A,cgG m epvjWV[ cjwBi dV.q' s[ upC[ h'H[ h,oJ } s'VJ h,oJ Vjv dHl ai%JxC dvbj dw RphVJ s'rJ V[ h,o u'C ds,a[ m epvjW bjtSv,ej_##cjwBi dV.q'@ duV%J h,oJ V[ ljig hIjag dHl Wlags[ v'wJ } fpCgbJ dry W>V% w[ ugrV ds,aj ]@ b,u RphVJ?jvg h,oJ } wpN q>eS v,debj dH>u dwRpG u'CSj dfbj H[ mwpN s[S rjv[ h,o b,u wpN q>eS rjla[ dH>V[ quWPi dwRpG h'eH[ V[ ( aphjcg W[rlg r[t w[ ljcj w'Hg r,l a[ VhgG yvsjfi u' wpN ljc[ r,l dry ] a[ hpwq wi dsY m aplgG dHl Wlagdry dvbj hg wg ] m$$ dV.q' V[ A,a s[ WjdvbJ } r[tdsbJh'dHbJ bjdtbj_##epvjW lpdSbj ] vjv sg l;j fPig h'Swiw[ qpvwJ s[ qjvw Rphsg duRPGsg vjL } Rphs[ s[L r,vl,pB bjH[ V[ m q'H[ a[ drAC[ wsg dqv[ a[ VhgG fi RphVJ sgbJe,vJ dsv sj tdhCj Vj A,cS a[ dwo[ ujHgH[@ b,u l'ysghJ q{G a[ dHw W[VlgW W>ui dq,Bg lJ@ i,W V[ vjv } q[i[ dryWgu ds,aj a[ u[ Rph RpKe hg dfbj lg a[ t'Bg dwlqa sg WwigRphsgbJ wiP.WvJ dwRpG qi.pc eHg m b,u Rphsg dHw e,v }Ijs wiw[ dsv sj l"-l" ?PV hp>sj H[ m dwhCg zCg lg us'GRph q[i[ zi sg w>Z B,f w[ bjdHbj lg m qpw,si V[ Rph} dwRpGz[i w[ qjdibj lg m Rph q"a w'v'G ci w[ q"a s[ zi dwRpG bjrdCbj lg m Rph u.eg w{s a'G cisj RpqiJ sj w{sg WS debjlg m RphV[ q[igbJ e,vJ egaj@ e+>o a[ wpijV ujS w[ lpSgbJ mRphV[ q[i[ w.VgG dHw idhWi Rplajs a[ qjaj ujV w[ dwRpGH[Vg zp,B w[ xC vHg lg@ dxi Rpl V[ Rphsj vC hg Vj A,Ddcbj mq{G u' u' Rph} fC%jdHbj@ RphV[ a'a[ rJeP. f,wj wi dvbj m a{}faj ] ( epvjW@ RphV[ q[i[ RpKa'G bjfSj s[L@ q;%W a[ bwgsjrji ds,aj@ dHh e,vJ q[ij df,Aj VhgG A,csgbJ m b,e[ v.zSrjdvbJ sg Vga Wpig Vj h'r[ a[ df,A[ bjRpS rjdvbJ a'G fdhvJ

bjf qiVj hg yjhgsj ] m q{G b,u rg dwM duRpG ihg hJ@ usdw q[ij wj`vj r[v[ s[ ovJ V[ ljC A,Ddcbj ] m r[vj us'G W[idhq"̀ug WPB fj w[ w'qv wvgbJ RpKa[ fi[c wisj ] a[ dw>VgbJ

dyCgbJ s[ W'B qP>h b,c w[ qi uJs[ V[@ dw>VgbJ dV.q' i.cgbJh' uJsgbJ V[ a[ dw>V[ eP.e[ dfY } ails[ qi uJs[ V[ m$$

dHh e,vJ widsbJ widsbJ dV.q' s[ b,oiPbJ sg bjcV[ s'rJ w>VJ s[ dwbji[ FDi A,c[ m b,oiP hpS w>VJ dry'G Rp,Avw[ Wjhi reS v,e fH[ lV m dWqjigbJ a[ spt vhPS[ W.dsbJdry'G ljij wpN qpwj uJs[ V[ fi b,oiPbJ sj tPh wsg VhgGlp,Ddwbj m dF,usj h'dHbj dlihjSj r[t w[ epvjW V[ dV.q' sgl,pwg v,wCg rieg WJh xC w[ dh>qa h"lvj s[S sg w'dLL wgaga[ tPh sgbJ dB.cJ h'i Fi w[ bjRpS v,e fHgbJ m epvjW V[s' zp,B fjSg dV.q' s[ qP>h dry RpvBjdHbj fi ?"i[ dV.q' V[ bjfS[b,oiP fg vH[ h'H[ lV@ fjSg l>z s[ b>si Vj v.dzbj m dV.q'V[ N,B wp ljh b,tJ qgBg i,tgbJ a[ epvjW V[ WJh sg VjCa[ h,o i,t w[ ljhrJ sg ljwg ujyg@ ljhrJ sj ljw bjfSgljwjsjig bjfSg qi;g Vjv a'Csj H[@ W.sj Fjr[G dw>Vg rgWJh Apcjr[ m dV.q' V[ dxi b,tJ Fi vHgbJ a[ IjsJ sg i[ve,cgdxi B'i vHg-##a{} faj ] epvjW ) vjv sg dHw Wp,TCg qJrg lg duhCg b,u aw s[l sg lih,sJ s[ ijt[ vjv } RpcgwsgfHg ] ( vjv s[ dHl sp,tJ sj faj q{} lg fi blJ s'rJV[ dHl ;?q } V.ej dHl vHg VhgG wgaj dh,w sj lv rZ[i[Vj h' ujr[ m blJ r[tdsbJ h'dHbJ rg b,tJ qgBg i,tgbJ m Rphq[ij a[ q{G Rphsj dZbjV i,tsg ihg m fi b>V%g awsgi sg bV[%iglj} s'VJ } agv%j agv%j wi eHg

q{} Fp,v[ VhgG@ dHw dHw wiw[ Ijs V[ epvjW ) duhC[dsV blgG W[ig o,v[ Wdh w[ sgr[ } erjh wgaj lg m VjVgs[ h,o RpKa[ h,o i,t w[ bjfS[ duhj RpudCbj h'dHbj drbjhwgaj lg m Rpl ija vjv V[ fdhvg rjiJ bjfSg qJ sj F'efjdHbj a[ dHh e,v bjt w[ bjfS[ drbjh sj yjb qVjdHbjdw q[ig qJ wdh>sg hp>sg lg-r[ epiq[v dl>zj ) q{G dwhC[ dsVbjfSg e's dry a[ij fp,a r[tJeg m q{} dHw f'aij s[ uj ba[q{G t[csg irJeg m aP. vjq a[ yv[ ujSj ] a[ q{G dH,wvg hp,lCuJsg bJ m b,u vjv eP.e[ } r[t v{Gsj a[ bjfS[ fp,a a[ sjsgs[ f'ai[ sg igN vdh uJsg bJ m dw,cj y.ej hp>sj u[ eP.ej bjfSgsjsg sg RpGevg xC w[ Bpisj a[ q{G vjv sg dH,Aj fPig wiw[qisg a[ q[ig q"a F'ij l"tg h' uJsg m$$

epvjW V[ bjdtbj_##cjwBi dV.q' ) q{G aphjcg bj?igdH,Aj } a'C yCjrS vHg bj?ig ljh rg tiy wi s[rJej maplgG bjdebj dsRp a[ q{G eP.e[ } b,u hg ija s[ b>Z[i[ drylih,s fji wirj ds>sj hJ m lih,s dwhCg sPi ] m$$ dV.q' V[h,o s[ dHLji[ Vjv njdwbJ a[ bjtS v,eg-##epvjW ) fdhvJq{} bjfSg lih,s aw fp,u v{S s[ m duRPGsg hjv[ q{G vjvs[ fp,ai } r,tij wiw[ qi qi w[ ugrJeg m q[i[ vHg dHw h'''iw>q rg wigG m q[i[ qiV a[ eP.e[ } i'S Vj s[rgG m u[ q{} wWiJr,v v{ eH[ a[ q[ig wWi Vj r[tS s[rgG m ?"i[ dHhVj wg wgr[tSj ] dHl b>V%g spVgbj dry m wHg rjiJ lCSj H[ a[ dw>Vg


rjig dq,Bg dry ipvSj ] m q{G dHhs[ ev dry dHl s[ ruPssg hi L{b dvt w[ fj ds,ag ] m dHl arg; } dHhs[ evdry'G Vj erjyS s[rgG m u[ dwl[ } dHl s[ ujVS Wp,NS sgv'C fHg a[ arg; fC% vr[ej m

e,vJ widsbJ widsbJ dV.q' } VgGs sj N'wj bj debj mepvjW V[ qvwC[ hg RpKa[ t[l s[ ds,aj fi dV.q' RpKFCrjh[ ygwqji w[ RpKn W{ng a[ qig h'Hg bjrj; dry bjtS v,e fHg-##yp,f wi uj vjv@ hpS a[ y,pf wi uj m u[ iv w[ VhgG ugblw[ a[ y{V Vjv qi a[ v{S s[ )$$ epvjW V[ zWij w[ fp,DdAbj-##cjwBi ug ) dHh l"dsbJ lji hg aphj} wg h' uJsj ] m$$dV.q' V[ bjfSgbJ b,tJ qv w[ bjdtbj-##epvjW ) q{G qiVv,esg hJ a[ Rph qiV VhgG ds..sj m Rph s'rJ h,oJ Vjv u[v%sgbJ lgtJ } xC w[ tv'aj ] m q[i b,t W>s hp.dsbJ hg b;jsh' w[ q[i[ w'v bj uJsj ] a[ RpKyg ljig rj; Vjv bjtsj]-##sgr[ } erjh wgaj@ dHw r?aj rjvg V[ r?aJ Vjvdrbjh wgaj m epvjW aP. dHh s,l dw q[i[ drhC[ sg Rpl W[igRpKa[ dyCgbJ b,u rg bjv%S[ fjRpGsgbJ hV@ duo[ sgr[ }erjh wiw[ dHw Ljq vjv V[ drbjh wgaj lg ( q[i[ zisg w,yg w>Z RpKa'G rg cp,Wsj h'dHbj lPiu b,u rg dslsj H[ (q[ig W,wig b,u rg Rpo[ W{ng Rpejvg wisg H[ (

epvjW V[ b,oiP fg w[ op,w b>si v.zjdHbj a[ qP>h o,v[wi dvbj m W'vsj dwRpG VhgG epvjW ($$ epvjW V[ h>NP fP>N w[bjdtbj_##dV.q' ug@ Yo[ hpS wpN rg VhgG idh debj m Vjv[ijq dsbjv V[ W[ig r,T w[ r,c[ qp>c[ } sPug h,Bg fj ds,agH[@ W,wig dyi fdhvJ hg qptgH[ s[ qp>c t'v% w[ v{ eH[ lV m$$dV.q' V[ dHh bj?ig lrjv wga[ lV ba[ bj?ig urjWJ s[Vjv hg d;>seg urjW s[ eHg m RphsgbJ l'yJ Rphs[ Vjv l"GeHgbJ m hpS RphV[ eP.e[ s[ dwl[ rg dHLji[ sj urjW wsg Vjds,aj m Whpa lji[ lrjv Rphs[ qei'G vdh eH[ m epvjW V[ dV.q'sgbJ b,tJ sj WPhj T'b ds,aj a[ W[;WjV eP.e[ sgbJ b,tJh.NPbJ } ;WjV WSj w[ W'v fHgbJ m dHw-dHw b,oiP dryv,tJ lrjv lV fu urjW s[S rjvj w'Hg rg VhgG lg dihj mepvjW Rphsj sisg a[ lg fi Rph qJ VhgG lg m VgGs bjRpSglg m Rph lPvg $a[ rg bj eHg m l"G debj m Fp,tj FjSj l"G debjeP.ej m dH,wv[ W.s[ w'v ljog h'r[ a[ W.s[ } ci VhgG v,esj mRpo[ ljog s[ ljh A,c ujS a[ W.sj ljog w'v'G hg ciV v,ef{Gsj ] m ljhrJ a'G dWVJ ?"i[ w'Hg rg ljo VhgG lusj m ujes[epvjW w'v lp,aj h'dHbj eP.ej a[ qig h'Hg dV.q' fHg h'Hg lg mepvjW sj Yl wqi[ dry'G V,l ujS } ugb wisj lg m duRPGsjqVp,t i"Sw ba[ qpisj ?"̀ WS uJsj H[ m ljigbJ t[cJ ljhrJsgbJ hp>sgbJ hV m epvjW V[ ija w,Tg@ sPu[ dshjC[ v'wJ V[wWi w,T w[ dV.q' } spVgbJ dry'G w,T ds,aj m

epvjW RpKa[ dHw a[ eP.e[ sj Fji lg@ sPu[ dV.q' Vjv wga[rjbs[ sj Fji lg dw eP>ej bjfSg sjsg sg RpGevg xC w[Bpi[ m epvjW dV.q' Vjv wga[ rjbs[ } i'; l'ysj a[ i'; hgBjv ds>sj m lih,s fji wiVj q"a Vjv q,oj vjRpS rjvge,v lg m

epvjW V[ l{VaJ sg ugF Vjv eP.e[ } ljij wpN s,l ds,ajdw lih,s a'G fji Rphsg sjsg r,lsg ] m ija s[ b>Z[i[ drylih,s fji wiw[ ujS sj r,v dltjdHbj m epvjW V[ ljijf+'eijq WSj dvbj m

fPiWg zBjrJ V[ b,u ija h'i rg b>Z[ig wi A,cg lg mdHh dlbjv sg v.qg ija lg m W,sv wCws[ hV m bjfS[ h,osg RpGevg drtjHg VhgG lg ds>sg m dHh rg y.ej r[vj lg lih,sfji wiV sj m dHw wjvg v'Hg } fjC w[ epvjW V[ lPHg s[yji c.e[ qji[ aJ ep.e[ sj N,ej WS dvbj m Rphs[ ev fjH[arg; sg e>T f,wg wiw[ epvjW V[ l{VaJ Vjv eP.e[ } e,vJlqNjHgbJ a[ dHw qjlPq duh[ f,oi V[ bjfSgbJ b,tJ Vjvr[v[ sj ljij lpV[hj lpS w[ Wp,N dvbj dw b,u Rph bjfSgsjsg w'v y,dvbJ ] m f'h sg nisg wjvg ija RpKa[ q"a }rjuJ qjisj h'dHbj r[vj@ epvjW } dV.q' sg bj?ig dH,AjfPig wiV a'G Vj c,w ldwbj m eP.e[ s[ s.s'Cw[ r,us[ r[t w[epvjW V[ eP.e[ ev dHw h'i iP. sg xaPhg yjC% ds,ag m WjhidVwv w[ epvjW V[ r[dtbj@ lji[ fjdlYG yjV-FjV q,ng f{eHg m df>c s[ sgr[ WpN eH[@ dwZi[-dwZi[ dwl[ wp,a[ s[ F"GwSsg brj; bjRpGsg lg m

ijq dsbjv WjSgH[ s[ zi dHw v'b bu[ rg Wvsg lg m?"i[ Rph v'wJ sg vjhg h'Hg t,v s[ WSjH[ h'H[ f{l[ deSsj lg m

epvjW V[ blqjV r,v qP>h wgaj fi Rph} dwl[ aji[ sgv'b rg drtjHg Vj ds,ag m bjfS[ s'VJ w>VJ } h,o vj w[blqjV b,e[ s'V'G h,o u'C[ a[ eP.e[ } y,pw w[ q'dTbJ $a[ yjC%dvbj m Rph qvwc[ hg df>c sgbJ evgbJ dry'G dVwv w[ ejC%[ip,tJ s[ b>Z[i[ dry rC eH[ m us'G rg epvjW Bpisj-Bpisj o,wuJsj lg Rph bjfSg ZPt w,TS vHg eP.e[ } vjh w[ o'Cj duhjBpijRpGsj fi dWuvg sg wCw a'G cisj eP.ej qpC epvjW }y.WC uJsj a[ epvjW Rph} Tjw[ vj w[ dxi f{Gc[ f{ uJsj mRph f>Z t'Bj VhgG lg wiVj yjhp.sj dw lih,s agwi uJdsbJdwZi[ lr[i sj ajij Vj dVwv bjr[ m b?gi hi L{b sg w'HgVj w'Hg h,s a[ hp>sg H[ m epvjW sgbJ v,aJ sg h,s qp,w eHga[ u.ev s[ l.zS[ ip,tJ dry'G dVwv w[ Rph} lih,s sgbJy"wgbJ dry WvsgbJ vjvB{VJ sg v'b dslS v,e fHg dwhpS ?ai[ sj bV[%ij f{S hg rjvj H[ m l"Gs[ ujes[ qjlPq eP.e[} q"iJ a'G o,v[ vjh w[ epvjW V[ Wp,v%J $a[ RpGevg i,t w[ W[;WjVeP.e[ } h'i eP.ej WS ujS vHg bjt w[ w.dcbjvg aji w'vv.q[ f{ eH[ m ljdibJ a'G h[nvg aji o,DdvYG v.zS sj yjijwgaj fi l.Cg h'S wiw[ w.q Vj WdSbj m epvjW V[ dHw ajiRpKa[ f{i i,t w[ sPug } h,o Vjv dt,y w[ t,fj WSjdHbj a[eP.e[ } v.zS sj dHLjij wgaj m dHw s' rjiJ eP.ej Npdwbjfi epvjW V[ ojfCj s[ w[ Rphsj dli b,e[ wgaj hg lg dweP.e[ sg v'Hg w.c[ Vjv bC eHg a[ epvjW w'v'G aji Ap,B eHg maji sj lPbj eP.e[ sg r,tg dry tpdFbj m eP.e[ sg ygw dVwveHg m dwlqa lp,ag h'r[ a[ r{ig hq[Lj ujes[ V[ m V[C[ hg dwZi[w'Hg fdhi[sji ujesj lg m RphV[ bjrj; lpSg a[ ?Wisji bjtw[ W.sPw ajS vHg m r[v[ V[ b>Z[ij fjdHbj a[ Rpl[ r[v[ blqjV


r,v'G dWuvg wCwg m dHw W{Big a[ v'b h'Hg m epvjW s"CV v,eja[ W.sPw sg dHw' hg e'vg V[ ni[ h'H[ epvjW } n.cj wi ds,aj mRph w.dTbJ rjvg aji a[ T[i h' debj a[ eP.e[ b.si WjhilPvJ ypF eHgbJ m W{Big sg v'b ba[ WPBJ sj tCjw V[C[bjRpGsj debj m ajiJ dry xl[ h'H[ eP.e[ RpKa[ "̀ug W.sPwJ ajSw[ tv'a[@ h"vg h"vg lPiu V[ b,t t'vg $a[ v'b v,e eHg m duRPGsjeP.ej ba[ qdibj epvjW lih,sg y"Gwg sgbJ W{nwJ dry dvbJs[eH[ m ij; fp,AS vHg lPW[sji V[ eP.e[ } yf[CJ qjigbJ@ n,pcqji[ ba[ s,W w[ dt,y ZPh wgag m Yl W[uWjV sg dHl wiw[wp,a[ tjSg hp.sg ihg dw Rph ;WjV t'v[%@ wpN W'v[ ba[ ujlPlgwiV sj F[a t'v[ m Rph a[ dryjij bjf hg wpsia sj dHwF[a lg m W>s ugF Vjv dwhC[ F[a t['v[% m Rpl} f,wj y'i bjtw[ wiVv Zgiu s[ b,e[ f[L wi ds,aj m b?WjiJ rjv[ alrgiJv{Gs[ ih[ ba[ wiVv dfla"v Vjv cijRpGsj dihj m y"hJ rdi%bJs[ Wjv } dwl[ cjwPbJ sg b"vjs bjdtbj@ dwl[ hijqg ba[dwl[ lqevi bjdtbj m Rph} dHVljV sg b"vjs dwl[ rg Vjbjdtbj m Rphs[ w'v h>NPbJ a'G r,t w'Hg L{b VhgG lg@ Rph}$a[ bjfS[ VJ sj rg VhgG lg faj m qJ-dfRp sj VJ dwr[G s,lsj@Rph} Vj w'Hg WjSg bjRpGsg lg@ Vj bjdHa m Rph q>siJ@qldusJ } dli` w'n[ hg lqNsj lg m RphV[ Vj wsg WJe lpSg@Vj l.t lpS[ ba[ Vj deidubJ sg z>BgbJ sg brj; a'G ujSPlg m Rph} w'Hg ohp VhgG lg dw f.ca s[ dli $a[ W'sg wjhs[vHg ] $a[ qp,vJ s[ qP>h $a[ sjC%g wjhs[ vHg H[ m

b,u dHl qpuiq s[ sgV Ziq sj dVt[Cj wiV vHgbsjvaJ v,egbJ tCgbJ lV@ WCj i"vj lg "̀ug W{nwJ dry m

lPiu yC% w[ rjhrj sPi dli RpKa[ bj debj lg m "̀ugWPBJ sg rju V[ W,DW' } uej ds,aj m Rph W{iw s[ WiJc[ sgdHw Vp,wi dry fjB[ h'H[ "̀ug w>Wv sgbJ vgiJ RpKa[ v{ w[lp,ag fHg lg m RpKn w[ s'rj h,oJ Vjv dli tpidwbj a[ w>Wvo,dvYG dleiB sj B'Bj w,T w[ c,Wg B'vS v,e fHg_##hjdHhjdH qJ } rg dH>u hg bjtsj h'r[ej@ wg WPog ] a[ig dur[Gv,wC sj Wj;gei hp>sj ] m Rph dwl[ oJ sj VJ h'r[ a[ m$$ dHhbjt w[ W,DW' dleiB s[ B'B[ } r[t w[ dli tpiwS v,e fHga[ WpCWpC wisg RpKn w[ "̀ug dlfjhgbJ sg q{Kl r,v Bpi eHg mvJeig V[ cWv i'BgbJ sj FPi yPi Rphsg N'vg fj w[ Rphsjdfbjvj yjh Vjv Fi ds,aj m Rph tj fg w[ agvgbJ rjvgc,Wg v,Fsg-v,Fsg wiVv ZrV s[ s`ai r,v dVwv eHgmb,e[ v'w NpiqB fjHg tv'a[ lV ba[ eP.ej W.sPwJ s[ fdhi[dry F'dH. a[ W{nj i' dihj lg m W,DW' r[t w[ s' zCgbJ c,Wic,Wi r[tsg ihg ba[ dxi dleiB sj B'Bj lp,B w[ bjtS v,eg_##r[ v'w' ) ujY bjfS[ bjfS[ ziJ } dwRpG dHhs[ spbjv[ qjdtYGvjHg tv'a[ u[ m fi%J } wi' r[ W.sPwJ b"Gai[ WsPdiY m w'Hg ;'ijriVhgG qisj a[ qjlPq a[ dLLa W>V% vHg u[ m r[ wjh} fp,ngbJyp,w vHgbJ V[@ aphj} v'hCj f{ ujH[ m r[ ci ujY i,W sg cJew'v'G xCwg f{dSY m$$ i"vj lpS w[ wiVv V[ lPW[sji w'v'G W,DW'Wji[ fp,DdAbj m lPW[sji bB{LV h' w[ bjtS v,ej_##li ) dHhLs{S ] ) W,DW' Ls{S m wpN ri[% fdhvJ dHh dHV%J W{iwJ dry

bjHg lg a[ dxi dHo[ sg h' w[ idh eHg m b,ej-df,Aj w'Hg VhgG mq{Kl dry'G WygbJ tpygbJ i'BgbJ tj w[ WiJc[ dry l"G idh.sg] m i'; dwl[ } v,FS uJsg ] m faj VhgG wg epbjy debjH[ m

wiVv V[ W,DW' Ls{S a[ Nja fjHg a[ W,DW' h'i ep,Dl[ drybj eHg m s'r[G WjhrJ blqjV r,v wiw[ bjtS v,eg_##r[v'w' ) wg drejdCbj ] dHl F'ij Fi Wjv V[@ r[ i,W V[ dHhsgugF t'h vHg a[ aplgG hpS dHhsg ujV s[ df,A[ f{ eH[ u[ m hjdHhjdH v'hCj f{ ujH[@ u[ w'Hg q,N@ eJ uJ W,wig sj W,yj lih,sB,f bjr[ a[ Rph} xC w[ zi v{ uJs[ h' m w'Hg q>e[ aJ vCs[h' ( r[ b,u dHVljV sj W,yj bj debj ] a[ aphjcj s[l l"Cjf{ debj ] m r[ ujVriJ } u,xgbJ ba[ dHVljV } W.sPwJqjiV rjdvY@ qi ujY cp,W w[ m$$ W,DW' sgbJ WjhrJ bu[ RpaJhhg lV a[ dHw dlfjhg V[ rjvJ a'G xC w[ s' Z'vJ qjigbJa[ Rph yp,f wiw[ "̀ug q{Kl s[ Rpl WiJc[ dry uj W{ng duo[RphV[ Rpqi w,Tg lg!!!bjfS[ Lpsjb Vjv Ijig vj w[ m

qi[ h'H[ epvjW s[ W'N[ dry'G epiq[v s[ zi sj faj v,Fdebj lg m dH.B{vgu{GL V[ z'C[ s"CjH[ fi epiq[v s[ w,y[ w'n[s[ epbJTg u,ep s,Ddlbj_##fHg dHl zi s[ du.si[ } rg u.ejvtj debj H[ m w,vj urjV fp,ai u>e dry w{sg h' debj@ h[irjwi wi w[ WpTCg qJ sj dli dxi debj m Rph Ls{S duhg h'w[ dwZi[ Bpi eHg m epiq[v wHg rdi%bJ df,A'G us'G u[v'G Ap,B w[bjdHbj a[ Rphsj hpvgbj hg dreC debj lg m o'C%j duhj dyiyp,fyjf b>si dfbj dihj r[dtbj lg m dHw dshjC[ h,o drywpN wjQu xC[ h'H[ lV@ dHw W.s[ } bjt dihj lg_##q{G dV.q'} dy,ng fjRpS y,Ddvbj hJ m dHl s[ df,A'G Rph} dwl[ V[ VhgGr[dtbj m$$ dH.B{vgu{Gl s[ z'C[ rg h>F eH[@ Rph WsVlgW duhC[bjfS[ ij; bjfS[ dT,c dry v{ w[ spVgbj a'G Bpi eH[@ RphVJw'v'G w'Hg dwhC[ ij; fp,A[ej m dHl spVgbj s[ NeC[ s[ ijudry'G dHw dV,wj duhj ri'wj eP.ej W[;jV hg Bpdibj dxisjlg m duhs[ RpKa[ W...sPwJ sg AJ lg m

eP>ej w"S ] ( dwo'G bjdHbj ( wg VJ H[ ( wg wiVbjdHbj ( epvjW dHlsj w"S lg ( dHhVJ sj blv s[l@uja@q;%W ba[ qwls wg lg ( dHh lji[ lrjv eP.e[ s[ V.e[ df>c[a'G "̀ug v,Fs[ ih[ m epvjW } s,W ds,aj lg!!!sPu[ dshjC[ wp,a[fp,B w[ tj eH[ m dHw dshjC[ lih,sg y"wg sg W{iw dry "̀ugbsjva eP.e[ } spVgbj dry i,tS uJ Vj i,tS sj {̀lvjwiV Wdh eHg m Rphs[ vHg F'dH. sj dwhCj B'Bj h'Sj yjhgsj] m b,u dHl sj dVbJ h'Sj lg m LeV lji[ fPi[ wga[ eH[ meP.e[ vHg rwgv rg dvbJsj debj m w[l sj B'ij B'idsbJliwjig rwgv V[ bjdtbj-##li ) dHh epbjTg splqS s[Ldry'G ija s[ b>Z[i[ dry lih,s B,f w[ dwl[ ?aiVjw dHijs[rjla[ bjH[ lV m dHl s[L dry dHV%J sj w'Hg b>e ljw VhgG mdHh eP.ej dHw ?aiVjw qp;iw ] a[ dHh } l;j fPig wirjw[ sPu[ s[L r,v a'i ds,aj ujr[ m$$ eP.e[ s[ rwgv V[ wiVvr,v dZbjV wiw[ eP.e[ r,v dHLjij widsbJ bjdtbj_##uVjWbvg ) dHh dwo'G faj v,esj ] eP.ej W.ejvg@ dh.splajVg@ dh.sP@


dHljHg uJ qplvqqjV ] ( e,vJ widsbJ sPu[ dshjC[ sg ajig?f{ eHg m

sPu[ dshjC[ eP.e[ s[ rwgv V[ eP.e[ } l{VaJ sg ugF VjvwpN s,Ddlbj m bsjva v,eg@ eP.ej hj;i h'dHbj m RphV[ wiVvsg q[; RpKa[ bjfSg s'rJ qp,nJ dry dq,Bg i,t w[ s'r[G ivjds,agbJ m wiVv a,aj h'S v,ej a[ eP.e[ s[ rwgv V[ bjdtbj_##li@ dHh lih,s a'G dvbJsgbJ h'HgbJ s' qpvwJ sg dq,Bg sgbJqp,ngbJ hV m b,u q{G a[ q[ij qpbwv qjlPq e.Pej dHVlj` w'v'GdHh fp,ASe[ fHg u[ dHV%J dq,BgbJ } w'Hg r,tig wiV sg fAjSVhgG i,tsj a[ dxi dq,Bg s[ dHl e.Pe[ Wjr[ } dwhC[ s[L sgdq,Bg bjt w[ dwhC[ s[L dry dl,B dsRpe[ m b,u dHh e,v fPigai%J qp,wg rg VhgG lg ba[ W,DW' Lps{S V[ WiPhJ dry bjfSgdleiB sj B'Bj f{i o,v[ qdv%bj a[ b.si bj rCg@ Rpl V[WJh tCg wiw[ bjdtbj_##r[ FjHg rwgvj@ aP. q{} dHh s,lu[ dHh eP.ej dq,Bg sj WdSbj ] a[ eiw f{dSY aplgG lji[Wv"ig LgL[ s[ Y ( r[ dHh lji[ uiV{v q'ag fi' w[ WSjH[ V[ba[ l.ZPi ep>V w[ o,Df[ lV ( dHl qjlPq } dq,Bg Vj bjt' ($$

zCg sg zCg bsjva } l,f lp.z debj m lji[ v'wgG W,DW'Lps{S sgbJ e,vJ ljh zp,B w[ lpSV v,e fH[ m W,W' e,vJ wisgwisg i'S v,e fHg a[ F'dH. a[ bjfSj dleiB sj B'Bj v,FSv,e fHg m wiVv s[ dHLji[ a[ dHw dlfjhg V[ dfbji VjvW,DW' } Wjhi w,T ds,aj m

wjirjHg dxi LpiP h' eHg m eP.e[ s[ rwgv V[ bjdtbj-##uVjW bvg ) dHl qjlPq ba[ W[epVjh eP.e[ } dwl[ rg s[Lsg dq,Bg bjt vY fi dHlsj Ziq@ q;%W@ bwgsj@ VJ ba[qJ-dfRp dwhC[ qpvw s[ bjt'e[ ba[ u[ dHl e,v sj dVt[CjVhgG hp.sj a[ dHl i,W s[ ugb } dwl Vjv'G dVt[C w[ dwl Vjvu'C'e[ m ba[ Vjv[ h;Pi dHhs[ df>c[ a[ x"u V[ duhCgbJ vjLJfjHgbJ V[ Rph dHhs[ dwhC[ ;piq sg l;j ] ( rwgv V[ eP.e[s[ df>c[ a'G vgCj yp,Ddwbj a[ liwjig rwgv sg V;i eP.e[ s[ev dry fH[ ajrg; Rpfi f{ eHg m rwgv } Vpwaj h,o bjdebj m rwgv sj dZbjV arg; r,v wirjdHbj a[ wiVvV[ bjdtbj_##arg; } '̀v w[ r[dtbj ujr[@ arg; sg dvtjHgfC% w[ ljij F[a tp,v% ujr[ej m$$ eP.e[ s[ rwgv o'C%g duhg bCgwgag fi wiVv sj r[vj rg V[C[ b,fC debj ] m yqC[ s[arg; } yjwP Vjv RpZ[C w[ b>si'G sPhij aghij wje; w,Tw[ wiVv s[ f[L wgaj debj a[ Rphs[ RpKa[ i'qV LWs drydvdtbj lg_##dfRp sj VJ spLqS@ qJ sj VJ s'lag@ eP.e[ sjVJ dqvjf@ w"q dHVljVgba@ qpvw sj VJ spVgbJ m$$

dHh arg; RpKyg ljig bjrj; Vjv fdC%bj debj a[ ljijqjh"v yp,fyjf h' debj m rwgv a[ wiVv b,tJ dry lrjvv{ w[ dHw sPu[ r,v r[tS v,e fH[ m dxi yp,f s[ i"v[ V[ v'wJs[ w>V fjC ds,a[ ba[ dsv dhvj w[ i,t ds,a[ m dHl yp,f }a'CV vHg ;'i ;'i Vjv bjfS[ rjvJ dry tpiwsg W,W' Lps{Sdxi b.si bj rCg m RphV[ eP.e[ sg WJh fwCg a[ dlfjhg V[Z,wj qjdibj m Z,wj tj w[ rg W,W' Vj Bvg m RphV[ eP.e[ } lgV[Vjv vj w[ bjdtbj-##r[ a,dabj ) dHhVJ a'G dwhCg wiVg

sg l;j Fea dihj b{G m r[ WJh tC%g dwRpG VhgG wisj m r[aP. b,u du,a debj b{G@ r[ hjis[ a[ ;WjVJ rjv[ W[;WjV V[ mr[ duhC[ W'vS Yhg wp.cj t''vS m aP. a[ wsg W'dvbj hg VhgGba[ a[ij q[ij Vj w'Hg zi Vj WPhj@ blJ Vj qdibj a[ Vjt'dv%bj@ bj q[ij fp,a m dHV%J WdzbjCJ s[ rjC[ dry'G dVwvujHgH[ m RpKa'G da=wjvJ f{ eHgbJ V[ m A[ag wi dHh lji[ bV[%dibJdry WC[ wjv[ wji[ wis[ hV m Rph r[t ljcgbJ h,cgbJ s[bjB[ sg qjdHbj vj w[ bjwdCbJ h'dHbj wiVv dwr[G wpilga[ bjwC w[ W{nj ] m$$ dlfjhg V[ W,DW' Lps{S } yf[C qjCga[ W,W' V[ bjfSj evqj t'v% w[ bjdtbj-##v{ qji r[ h'i qji m$$tC%g sg tC%g yp,f h' w[ rjvJ dry tpiwS v,e fHg a[ qpCbjtS v,eg_##r[ aplJ ljc[ evdqbJ s[ WgC[ a'C w[ bjfS[q'dTbJ RpKa[ y>V aji[ luj vH[ r[ fjfgY m ljcgbJ yp>VgbJfjC w[ N.c[ WSj vH[ m$$ e,vJ wisg wisg W,DW' V[ bjfSj evqjfPij hg t'v% ds,aj a[ wiVv V[ qP>h fi%J wiw[ dlfjhg } dHLjijwgaj m Wjhi w,TS v,De[ a[ W.s[ b,De[ tv' eH[@ W,DW' } q"wjv,F debj m bjtS v,eg_##r[ q[i[ lgV[ r,v r[t w[ qP>h dwMx[i dvbj H[ m b`lij duo[ aphjcj W[Liqg wiV } ugb Vjwi[@ Rph} Liq bjt w[ LiqJ rjv[ WS Wdh>Ds[ Y m q[i[ r,vr[t w[ dHl vHg qP>h q'C dvbj lg aJ dw dHh AjagbJ a[igqJ riegbJ V[ m u[ dHh a[ig dV,wg F{S riegbJ hp.sgbJ a[a{} Liq rg Vhk lg bjRpSg m$$ dHw ;'i sj wdhwhj eP.dubj mW,DW' Lps{S } dlfjhg V[ W.sPw sg hp,u qjig m v'wJ V[ a'dHvjhVa wgag a[ W,DW' } q"wj v,F debj m RphV[ NfB qi w[eP.e[ sg WJh xC vHg ba[ bsjva dry'G dH>u v{ w[ yv eHgdur[G wp,wCg bjfS[ yPy[ } ygv w'v'G Apcj w[ v{ uJsg ] m lPiub>si Wjhi lg m v'wJ V[ r[dtbj W,DW' Lps{S V[ eP.e[ } q"iJRpKDa[ yp,w dvbj a[ lih,s s[ Vjv~Vjv ip,tJ sg l.zSg duhgNp,eg dry v{ w[ rC eHg m rjhrj dr,o wi eHg a[ eP.e[ }q"iJ a'G vjh w[ bjtS v,eg_ ##r[ qei'G vdh eH[ V[ WdzbjC mbj q[ij fp,a q[ig Mev xC w[ q[ij yjb vjh s[ duRPSu'debj m Rph r[t vdh>s[ r,v lPiu sg vjvg m hpS[ lPiu yC%w[ v'b vjh s[r[ej m r[ eP.debj u[ b,u q[ij epiq[v dl>z hp.sja[ q{G fp,Asg aP. a[ q>sgbJ wi debj lg@ r[t v{ ) i,W V[ q{}Mev xCj w[ apiV rjvj s[ hg ds,aj ] Vj m$$

´dvfgb>ai ^ his[r dl>z

bjZpdVw wjdr W'Z s[ vtjdHw

f+dq>si l'Tgsg hpS aw sg wdraj

p̀qy dI mhwXwqrwiPfg f+wjLV@ b>Ddq+ali

´


Rpl V[ q{} dHl fhjCg s[ W,l lB{Gc $a[ bj dqvSj lgb,c~b,c dsLjrJ a'G bjH[ h'H[ qpljìJ sg dHw bduhg FgCdry@ duo[ ljcg bjfSg dsLj sj b?gi lg m

Ljqk yji ru[ us b>Ddq+ali a'G W,l y,vg aJ dsv V[iaj wp ?pLg qdhlPl wgag m fv dry hg dt,vi[ rjvJ Vjvdzdibj dyhij b,tJ ljhqS[ bj tC%j h'dHbj m WpN[ WpN[ ljhJ$y dHh dwh' duhg w.WSg lg_#hpS[ hpS[ aJ f,oiJ s[ Ldhi $y'GbjfS[ dsv a'G #lrg$ sg wp.u vjh w[ bjHg hJ m vjhg h'Hgwp.u sg q,ng q,ng sis hg aJ ] dHh m$

##a{} hpS dqv Vhk lwsj_$$##dwM@ wg h'dHbj ($$ qV zWij duhj debj m##dwM a[ wg Vjv q{} l?a Vìa ] m$$ lrg V[ BpBr[G

W'vJ $y dwhj m q{G@ lrg@ q[ig lh[vg ba[ lh[vg s[ s'la Vjvdfwyi r[t ihg lg@ fi dwM a[ wg sg n,w n,w Vjv dlVqjhjv dry d`vq sj hgi' cJdl>e xv'i RpKDa[ bjfS[ WPBJ }vdhijMsj@ dulq sg vyw } a'Csj~qi'Csj V;i bjdHbj mVj dqvS sj dHw bZPij wjiV duhj m ##dHlB bji vjlBqPrg BP c[ dWBrgV bl Vdo>e b{Gc dxVgLc_$$ lrg V[ h"vgduh[ dwhj m h'nJ sj aSjb@ ho[vgbJ sg zpBV@ b,tJ W[yqwh' WpN eHgbJ m dlV[qj hjv dry dfwyi r[tsg h'Hg q[ig lh[vgdH>si@ bjfS[ s'la Vjv W{ng h,l ihg lg@ lrg s[ dt,y sjwjiV WSg h'Hg lg dH>si m lrg } hq[Lj #fijHg yg;$bjwidLa wisg ] m

q{G d?bjvJ } A.csg hJ_bu[ vtVfpi hg bjdHbj ]@ qjZ'fpi sg ?PWlPia qdhw

$y'G ep;i w[ m W,l $y dHw,DdvbJ lì wiVj dw>Vj b"tj ] m dxiRph rg dwl[ } dqvS sg Rpa[uVj Vjv Fi[ h'dHbJ_##A[agfhp.ySj@ WCg W[ajWg Vjv dH>a;ji wiJej$$_w.VJ $y dwa'GsPi'G bjrj; duhg fHg m dur[G q{G b,t NfwdsbJ hg fhp.y ujSjlg m dwl[ r,Dv'G dH>a;ji wga[ ujSj dw>Vj lptsjdHw lg m q{}faj lg bdFuja b,Dc[ Rpa[ dHw s' z>DB[ fdhvJ hg y,wi vjdihj h'r[ej m

Ljq sj Zp.Zvwj wjv? dry Wsv dihj lg m dsv sg ajv@Zpi dwa[ Zw Zw wi ihg lg m bdFuja V[ q{} Rpo[ v{S bjRpSjhg lg a[ RplV[ q{} A[Cs[ h'H[ dwhj rg lg_##hV[i[ dry ciVjVhk$$_ ##ciP. dwM aplk up Vjv h' m$$ bFg Fjrpw h' w[ q[i[V[C[ bj debj lg@ ##Rph iag!!!aP. dw>Vg dfbji Vjv Fig h'Hg]G!!!w'qv dsv rjvg!!!$$ dHV%J Fjrpw fvJ $y bdFuja q[igbJMevJ s[ f'dBbJ } fv'lsj dihj lg m

l.VjBjdViqv ulrjv

whjSg

lrg s[ wh[ h'H[ rjw q{} Ijs bjMs[ hV_##a[ij VJ Fjr[G wjqs[r sg #iag$ ] fi aP. igag

h{G_dWvwpv tjvg_$$ dlVqj hjv $y dH>si } hljMsj h'dHbjlrg q{} Rpsjl wisj uj dihj lg m q{G bjfSj dfbji lrg$a[ dVAjri wi tjvg h' yp,wg lg ba[ bdFuja } lV[h sgxphji Vjv liLji wi ihg lg m W,l dry W{n[ q{G x[i Rpsjlh' uJsg hJ@ dWvwpv bdrLrjl I'e lg m dlqiagbJ sgbJdw>VgbJ l.zSgbJ adhbJ hp.sgbJ hV_dHV%J $y'G dVwvSj rgb"tj ba[ A,cSj aJ ] hg sis sg yp,FS duhj_##dw>DV[ v.q[wsq V[ dHV%J l.VjdBbJ s[ dw dzisg hg uj ihg hJ m$$

#bjfSg q"a qV;Pi wiw[@ lrg Vjv'G l.W.Z a'C w[ hgaJ dHo[ } s"C bjHg lg bdFuja sg WSV vHg@ Rpl[ } bifVh' w[@ dHw,v a'G zWij w[ diLa[ dHw rji dxi u'CV s[ vHg@rji ri Bp,B w[ W,NS s[ vHg!!!dxi rg dH>u dwM ($ sPi awl'ysg epbjy uJsg hJ q{G m

!!!W,Dl'G Rpai dHZi~RpZi a,wsg hJ m Rph} H[o[ hg aJ h'Sjyjhgsj lg m eiqg Vjv Vhk@ zWijhB Vjv flgV'~flgVjh' eHg hJ@ #qjHg epcV{Kl@ bdFuja Vj bjdHbj aJ ( u[ dwa[s[i h' eHg x[i ($

##iag )$$ Rpl sg bjrj; sg qdhw Vjv hg q{G dVldy>ah' eHg ba[ ldhu h' uJsg hJ m

##w,v% dwo[ dwo[ zp>qSj ] ($$ RphV[ ajvj t'v%dsbJfp,DdAbj@ ##y,wg Vsg s[ w.T[ w.T[!!!$$ Rph h,lsj ] m q{G Rpl}dHw Bw r[tsg f>zi uJsg hJ@ ?ps } resj r[t w[ wdh>sghJ@ ##q{G aJ ?ps dHw Vsg hJ!!!bjfS[ b>si wHg aP̀ jV lq[Bg@wHg vdhiJ!!!?ps } a'Csg@ q'Csg@ FBwsg rdh>sg uj ihghJ!!!i'w vY bFg@ dHh} i'w vY aplk!!!dHw q>Dd;v@ dHw b>afCb yjhgs{ dHl } m$$ q{G Fjrpwaj dry Rpl s[ Vjv v,e uJsghJ m Zpi b>si dwa[@ dHw dH,Aj duhg hp.sg ] duRPS sg@ b>aqljh aw m

lrg s[ nhjw[ hpS aw q[ij df,Aj Vhk A,cs[!!!##qVgLjs[ Vjv w[rv da>V qhgV[ sg s'lag sj dHwiji lg q[ij$$_lrgbjfSg d;>sjdsvg dstjMsj dwhj wisj lg!!!##fi da>V qhgV[a'G fdhvJ hg Rpl} dwl[ lisji s[ Vjv r[t dvbj lg!!!W,lw,B m$$ lrg ws[ dwl[ Vjv W,N w[ Vhk idh lwsj_Rph} l'hSgyg; hq[Lj y.eg vesg ]@ Rph l'hSg yg; } f+jfa wiVvHg sgrdVbJ rJe hiwaJ wiV ve f{Gsj ] m q{} faj lglrg s[ Vjv d;>seg Vhk wBg uj lwsg@ wpN fvJ sg WpdVbjsi,tg uj lwsg lg m!!!a[ Rph qVgLj rjv[ da>V qhgdVbJ a'G r,Z


w[ dHw ljv s[ vHg bj upC[ lV m q{G lrg a'G cisg ihg dwfaj Vhk ws'G lrg dHwsq bj w[ wh[ej_##Wl WHg-q{} dHwh'i s'la dqv debj ]_$$ dHl ci a'G fdhvJ hg dHwiji v{dvbj_##lrg bjfS[ fdirjiw qjh"v r,v r[tdsbJ a[i[ Vjvlsj vHg W,N Vhk lwJeg_$$

##a[ x[i!!!($$##a[ bjfJ l.W.ZJ dry dHw aSjY@ dHw wpCaS dvbjRpS

sg WujH[ dli` s'la hg ihgH[ aJ ngw ]!!!bjHg Wgvgr dHVxi{GcdLf!!!dfbji drbji Vhk hp.sj q{o'G!!!q{G dfbji wi hg VhklwJeg m$$

##Y!w[!!!!bjHg bjvl' Vgc w.fVg!!!$$ bjfSj bdZwjis[S a'G fdhvJ hg Rph y"Gw debj lg_LjdHs Rph} rg dli`Rpsjl LjqJ vHg av? h'S sg v'C lg a[ blk bjf' bjfS[h,o dHw sPu[ } s[ ds,Da[ lV!!!w[rv s'lag ?jai m

h'lBv sg d;>seg rg dwhg d;>seg lg m!!!h'lBv a'G Wjbsrg bjfS[ dW;Vl~s.F s[ wjiV W"dZw dq,ai rg Vhk WSldwbj lg lrg m q[i[ dsv sg Vj;pwaj@ Fjrpwaj h"vg~h"vgf,oi Vjv BwijMsg ihg lg_ugV sg tCtCjhB@ i[LqgvdhiJsg lwiB fj w[ wpN rjw` LjqJ $y wsg wjxg uJ dcViuJ dlVq[ sg h,s lg uJ wsg lwPBi~wji sg oi~oijhB $yhrj sg Vqg } lp.zs[ blk dli` bjfS[ aw hg lgqa idhlw[ lg_a[ blk Whpa@ l,yqp,y Whpa ?pL lJ!!!dHl W[~WpdVbjsd;>seg a'G!!!dHw sPu[ a'G dWVJ dLwjdHa s[ m

hpS us'G qV sg ai.e bdFuja Vjv upCg lg aJ!!!##wg q{G ?pL hJ ($$ ?ps } fp,Asg bdFuja } daiAg V;i[

s[tsg hJ u' ws[ sj s'r[G WjhJ x{vjHg dHw Bw q[i[ rv s[tdihj lg m b>si wpN dfzvsj qdhlPl wisg hJ m dulq sg da,tgdt,y bjfS[ r,v dHl ai%J bjwidLa wi[eg_fdhvJ dwM VjujdSbj (_h,ng f{i bjfSg oJ u.q[ h'H[ lV_#wg dHh' dASduRPS sg ?jdhL ?aq Vhk wi ds>Ds[_fv Fi sj sis ugrVFi sj sis Vhk$ q{} vesj ] dHV% x{vgbJ WjhJ } whJ_q[ig hpS duRPS sg ?jdhL Vhk m l'ysg hJ dHh dwh' duhj wpl{vjl,y ] m w.WSg dACsg ] m bdFuja h"vg duh[ Vjv zp,B v{Gsj]_blf,LB wpN lpSsg hJ m!!!

##iag!!!iag!!!w.W dwM ihg H[G!!!($$##dHl dfbji@ dHl W>ZV sj l,y wg ] ($$ fp,Asg hJ m##l,y wg ]_aP> hg s,l$$ Rph h"vg duh[ WJh dT,vg A,c

ds>sj ] m##l,y RpV%J vHg H[ bFg duV%J dry Rph} ldh v{S sg

Lwag ]!!!aplk dfbji a[ rjlVj $y e+l[ h'H[ dHw bZPi[ qVp,th'!!!q{} bZPijfS Vhk yjhgsj!!!q{} yjhgsj lqp,yjfS!!!$$ q{GqZh'Lg dry w[rv lpSsg hJ aJ dli` bjfSg dwa[ cP.zg aisgh'Hg bjaqj sg bjrj; }_qV duo[ blxv hp.sj ] m

##iag q{} VHk faj dfbji wg hp.s{@ fi q{G b{Vj ;iPi

ujSsj hJ dw dul } dfbji wisj hJ Rpls[ dWVJ Vhk idhlwsj_a[ Rph aP. ]G@ aP.!!!m$$

bdFuja s[ Vhp. q[ig WJh dry tp,F uJs[ hV m qV sgW[y{Vg q{} i'w Vhk lwsg m bdFuja s[ dfbji sg l.zSg AJ} q{G s[tSj yjhp.sg hJ m

##wg aplk wsg fPiV VeV dulq s[dtbj ] ($$ q{G ldhuajVjv fp,Asg hJ m

##hJ wHg rji!!!NPn Vhk whJej!!!Rph dHw ligiw q>ehp.sg ]@ u' qV a'G fi%[ ]!!!q[ij qV a[i[ Vjv W,DdNbj h'dHb{!!!iagaP.!!!m$$ Rph wjWP h' w[ W'vsj ] m

q{G Rpl } i'wsg h'Hg W'vsg hJ@ ##dHl[ lq[G u[ q{G aphjc[ljhqS[ VeV h' ujrJ!!!fPig ai%J dVirlai!!!fi ldrwji VjwiJ aphjcg hvwg duhg A'h } rg aJ ($$ q{G h"vg duh[ wdh>sghJ m q[i[ w'v'G Rpl sgbJ WsvgbJ b,tJ sj ljhqSj Vhk wgajuJsj m Rplsg ?jdhL } l,y s[ NPn[ sjdHi[ $y rejh ds>sghJ m

##aJ wg x[i ($$ Rph LWsJ } dy,o w[ Vij;eg dry wdh>sj]!!!dxi W'vsj ]_##x[i!!!x[i aP. l"G uj W,l$$_a[ q[ig WJh }NBwsj Vks $y epbjyS sg blxv w'dLL wisj ] m

q{} faj ] Rph l"G Vhk dihj@ bjfSg hg Hge' dry bjfSglqi,oj } NPnj fj dihj ]!!!m Vks dry by[aVaj N.u'C ihglg dwa[ sPi h[nJ dwa[!!!dw dW>W~f+agdW>W WS@ lpfVj duhjdNvdqvjMsj ]!!!bjfSg dHl b>si sg b"ia s[ bdZwji sgq>e } wHg rji lrgwji wi yp,wg hJ!!!dHl bdZwji sg wpajhgq[ij b"iafV ldh lw[ej (

dfAvg rji us dHl sg A'h sg aCf $y e+lg@ dHls[u;WjaJ sg fgC } ldhS vHg bjHg lJ aJ dHl bFg V[ dHl[Ldhi s[ Wj;ji dry bjfSg yh[ag eiv xi{Gc vHg W+[lv[Bba[ VeJ uC[ Hgbi~di>e tigs[ lV m q{G lp.V h' eHg lJ_qVV[ yjdhbj lg a'C dsbJ lF wpN!!!ljig ija duhCj bjsqgWjhJ $y lq[Bg dulq } aP.Wj aP.Wj wisj dsv'G l.ega sg v{bVjv updCbj fPig ija ujesj dihj lg_Rphg bjsqg lr[i[bjfSg Rpl f+[dqwj sg de+̀ a a'G ApB Vhk ldwbj lg_##V' bjHgwJB lB{Gc dHB!!!Vhk Vhk!!!$$ q{G l'ysg hJ@ lr[i sg fdhvgdwiV Vjv hg qpC yvJeg@ bFg q[i[ b>si sg b"ia bjfSjb"ia-bdZwji yjhp.sg ]!!!lrjiog ] dHh b"ia!!!w[rv aP. fPi[sj fPij!!!lqp,Dy[ aV a[ qV Vjv FifPi!!!Vhk aJ q{} qpC w[Bp,BSj lrgwji ]!!!hpS[ ba[ dHl[ fv!!!$$

_wg lpfdVbJ } hwgwa $y Wsv lw[ej bFg uJ Bp,BujS s[r[ej lr[i h'S aw!!!uJ w,v% s[ bi.F h'S a'G fdhvJ!!!q{} faj ] bFg lp,aj h'dHbj Vhk m ujesj h'dHbj l'y dihj]@ LjdHs Rphg l'y dihj ] u' q{G l'y ihg hJ uJ q[i[ fiaujS sg e,v LjdHs )

´


idr>si irg sgbJ wdrajrJ

LgL[ sg FjLjLgL[ sg FjLj bwl@bwl sj l'qJ Wp,a m

bjfS[ hg b>si@ Wp,aaSjb@ f+da~aSjb dryBp,B debj_

$V%[ig bjHg@ i[a rJe@dWti debj_

bjfS[ hg BpwC[dHw,Dn[ wiV s[IaV dry@ Wp,aLgL[ rv fidabj!!! !!! !!! !!!H[Vj wpN Wsv debj )))!!! !!! !!! !!!fi !!! !!! !!!!!! !!! !!! !!!bwl Vhk Wsdvbj )))

dHwRpsjl aJ wpN rg Vhk_l,DF' wpN@bjf' bjfSg oJ $a[dBdwbj h'dHbj_api dihj a[ RpC dihj )))

sdibj rg@H[o[ dwa[ hg ]_ljei rg@ bjwjL rg@drLrjl@ bdrLrjl rg )

H[Zi sgrji RpKDa[urjVg r[v[ sgq[ig dHw dsvwL alrgi ] )

YZi@ drbjh Rpfi.a@q[ij a[ faVg sj dyai rg@dHw sjlajV )H[Zi@ YZi sgrjiJ RpKDa[@

dHw' oJ $a[!!!dHh lF i>e@dlbjh i>e dry lqj eH[ mdHh q[ij lp̀ Vj Vhk lg )))

dHl lq[G hg wvfVj@ q{}@i>eJ sgbJ r,tigbJ@ r,tigbJ@BpwCgbJ rv v{ apig )w,vj@ w,vj i>e@ q{G WpiL Vjv@Rpl wjvg vwgi s[ spbjv[@bZi~e'vjwji@dHwjHgbJ dry drAj ds,aj mdy,DB[ i>e sg dHw q'Bg vwgi Vjv@dHV%J spbjv[ dyhi[ riej@dHw sjdHij rjh ds,aj mV,w@ w.V@ qP>h@ Wp,v% a[ dHw dHw wiw[@h'i VwL@ Zp.sv[@ fi i"LV Z,DdWbJ rJedHV%J i>eJ sg iyVj dry@zpv@ dqv eH[ m

lq[G a'G Whpa fdhvJ_hij@ Vgvj@ wjLSg@vjv@ fgvj@ ujqSg!!!a[ h'i i>e!!!dHl[ ai%J@ dHw' lq[G@lF dqvw[ a[ upsj@ upsj idh w[ rg@q[ij l:{~dyai WSs[ eH[ )Rpsjl aJ wpN rg Vhk )))

H[o[ dHh bjWLi@vejaji@ dHl[ ai%J_Ip,eJ@ Ip,eJ a'G_rSJ@ ip,tJ@ sdibjrJ }@u.evg ujVriJ@ f>AgbJ hrjrJ }@d;>seg sj dVi.ai@ega lpSjMsg ihg ] )fjSg sj w'qv [email protected]@ epSepSjMsg ihg ] )

fi hpS@rS w,DB[ eH[ hV@f>Ag a[ ujVri V;i Vhk bjMs[ )

q[i[ W,DdybJ s[ dyai hV_duV%J $y'G@q[ig urjV a[ f+"T Rpqi Njwsg ] )

RpV%J s[ W,Dy[@q[i[ W,DdybJ du,Dc[ h' eH[ hV@Rpsjl aJ wpN rg Vhk )))

b{vWq s[ f,adibJ $a[@dq,ai~wpCgbJ sgbJ alrgiJ@dqaiJ@ diLa[sjiJ@ s'laJ@ v[twJ sgbJ!!!lq[G s[ dAV dry fwCgbJ!!!lq[G } Npnvj ihgbJ m!!!

!!! !!! !!! !!!bjfS[ sjdHi[ $y w'Hg ikesj@bjwjL $a[ w'Hg RpKc dihj )

!!! !!! !!! !!!dyai $y'G dyai dVwvsj@wpN tp,v% dihj@ wpN cp,v% dihj )))Rpsjl aJ wpN rg Vhk )

s'Ijs bjMs[ hV@ Rph i>eu' lwPv dry qjS[ lV )

cijdH>e a[ dyaiwjig sj fgigbc lg@bdZbjfw W'ic RpKDa[@yjw Vjv wpN rjh dihj lg )LjdHs lj}@ bjf' bjfSj@lp̀ Vj RpvgwSj dltj dihj lg )

q[i[ i>e~c,DW[ s[ i>e@ c,DW[ dry@w,Dv[@ w,Dv[@ dHw,v sg aiagW dry@dyS h'H[ fH[ lV!!!dV,wgbJ@ dV,wgbJ BpwCgbJ!!!

faj Vhk q{} wg lp,Ng!!!q{G dHV%J lF i>eJ }@dHw oJ dHw,Dn[ wiVj v'dybj )

fjSg dry WpiL dFM w[@r,ti[@ r,ti[ i>eJ }@f>DV[ s[ drywji@q{G w,DdnbJ wiV v,e dfbj!!!


ev[Lgbi ws'G sj tpi w[@?aq h' yp,wj ] )fjSg lp,w yp,wj ] ))

dHw fjl[@ qjVr s[ b>DV%[lVbagwiV sg qji_sPu[ fjl[ ev'Wv rjidq>ea[ f+sPLS s[ b>Wji_

lp,wg bjWLji!!!fiWa sg y'Bg a'G@Ziag sg RpKuCg h'Hg@qJe rieg ujfsg )dHw dFbjVw yp,f@ H[o[yp,f hg bvjfsg )))

\bjiow q>srjC[ dry W[wji h'H[v'wJ s[ VJ|hrj bjMsg@xp,vJ } A[C uJsg@qdhw dWt[i uJsg ] )

tC%[ fjSgbJ $yhvyv hp.sg@sjdHi[ duh[ WSs[@x{vs[@w.dTbJ } u'C ds>Ds[ hV )

hi lr[i@ Rphqdhw Vjv dWtisj@sjdHdibJ dry x{vsj@hrjxpva[ fjSg sg t[c@ t[csj ] ))

rjlar dry@dHw wsq b,De[ Vhk fp,Bsj )))lqJ

l.ziLzBVj

a[wiq

Rpl vHg@W[bio h' eH[ hV )))

\dHl ri%[ \2009| w{V[cj a[ bqigwj drysjrjVv s[ z[i[ dry bjH[ v'wJ a[ VeiJ s[ VJ|sjrjVv sj q"lq ]dWuvg

wCwsgyqwsg

Wilsga[ rS@sjrjVv WS uJsj ] )

fhjCg rjsgbJ dry r,Dl[@dV,Dw[@ r,Dc[ Vei@b,e s[ z[i[ dry bj uJs[ hV )lF wpN uv w[ lpbjh h' uJsj ] ))ip,t a[ qVp,t sg ijt RpKcsg ] )))

qVp,t uVq~wjv a'G didxRPug@brjlg@ bzirjlg@h'S sj lijf F'esj h'dHbj rg@qhJqjig a'G Wjbs@x[i r,lS Wji[ l'ysj ] )

lp̀ Vj v{Gsj@Rplsg ajWgi v'ysj ] ))

hi dAS@xvl`j duRPGsj@xvl`j l'ysj ] )))

q>eSj a[ h,o x{vjRpSj_Rpl vHg hijq ] )

fi Rph W[wji ] )

hi lr[i@bjfSg deBji v{ w[@RplsgbJ ajiJ A[Csj@hrjrJ }l.ega sg uje vjMsj ] )

WCj wpN bio~FifPi@bio~hgS LWsJ dry ejMsj ] )

dHw RPv uvPv duhj l.lji@bfS[ bjf vHg@lF vHg rljMsj ]

ijhegi@ RPl s[ w'v fH[@deBji s[ tp,Dv%[ *w[l dry@ (*c,Wj|bjf hg@wpN dl,Dw[ lp,B uJs[ hV )

wvjwji@dl,DdwbJ rv r[t@ r[t@h"vg@ h"vg@bjfS[ bjf dry'G@AS dihj ] )

W[wji hp.dsbJ rg@wji WS dihj ] )))

us'G apis[ idhS rjv[byjVw tC% ujSaJ lF wpNtC% debj@ f+aga hp.sj ]hrj ipw@ Vsg lpw uJsg ]fiWa WS[ bjwjL s[ W'N h[ndh>qa hg Vhk@fvw@ V;i@ wqi Npw uJsg ] m

us'G rg l'y b>eCjHg v{Gsg ]wpN VrJ@ wpN r,tij wiVvgw a'G hB w[ apiV vHg@

aJ sWjb Wpvc';i x[i ds>sj ]lF wpN f,Zij wiV vHgd;>seg@ lqav Vhk hp.sg@RpKyg@ Vgrk hp.sg ]@ de,vg@ lp,wg

a[ us'G

sWjb qV dry uC%J xC vr[@aJ sdibj sg oJ@ i[a V;i bjMsg ]WPh[@ WjigbJ W.s h' uJs[ hV zi s[s[h lp.eC@ dTvw uJsg ]

a[ V;i

dHw f{i Vhk fp,BsgW'Nv fvwJ h[nsW uJsg ] )))


f>u wdrajrJba{ dl>z

´ x,wi apdibj df>c a'GVei Ldhi deiJYh' oJ Vj bjfSjdu,Do[ l,uS Vj )

´ df>cJ rie[ df>c V[LdhiJ rie[ Ldhil,uS V[ aJ vdhidWV l,uSJ lF wdhi )

´ LjdHi bjdHbj df>c }df>c $y l,uS Vjl,uSJ WjN'G df>c rghp.sj df>c Fvj )

´ b>Wili qLhPi H[dHw epiJ s[ Vjqb>Wili dry r,l w[WC[ wqjrS sjq )

´ b>Wili d;v%[ s[df>c dry RpKaig LjqH[l Ljq W,l ugrSjF'eSg Rpqi aqjq )

´ l,uS sj w'Hg i>e VjVj w'Hg Rplsg ujaRplsj iPf H[ i,W sjl,uSajHg sja )

´ l,uS WjN'G qpvw VjVj w'Hg Ldhi deiJdu,Do[ l,uS dqhiWjVRph' bjfSj oJ )

´ bjfS[ df>Dc'G y,v w[ujSj dwhCg oJbjfS[ duhg Vj v,FSgFdvbj dwZi[ AJ m

dHwbjfS[ riej

´ xp,v bjf hg dtC w[bjf hg NCsj H[sgrj uesj a[ dxi WpNsj H[ajij yC%sj H[@ dBqdBqjMsj H[dxi cpWsj ws[ BpBsj H[ )

´ Yh u' dHV%J $y'G VhkYh wpN rg Vhk wisj dHhVJ duhjYh W,l dHhVJ } a,wsj H[a[ dHhVJ duhj h'Sj v'ysj H[ )

´ Yh u' dHhVJ riej VhkdHhVJ riej h'Sj dwM yjhp.sj H[Rph bjfS[ riej h'Sj dwM Vhk yjhp.sj )

s'dHw ̀ wgig

´ dq,ai dfbjij df>c Vjdf>c aJ Yl[ oJdf>c rg dwhCj df>c lgdf>c aJ W,l dHw VJ )

´ df>c sj VJ H[ WpiuWpiu rg V,oP w[?"i[ dw>DV[ Wpiu V[b>Wili s[ )

´ WpiuJ s[ dry u.dqbjepC%ag LjdHig sgRplsg iyVj ug fHgWSw[ VPiJ Zg )

´ Rplsj Vj ba{ba{ sj bio V w'dHbioJ dry epbjy w[hix Vj W{dnY t'dH )

ba{ dl>z Zgqg lpi dry dvtS rjvj l.r[sVLgv LjdHi ] m Rplsg wdraj aphjc[ Vjv dViRpy[y l.rjs iyjMdsbJdV,wgbJ e,vJ wisg@ WpNjiaJ fjMsg r,Dc[ r,Dc[ lrjv dliusg bjfSg qBw a'i apig uJsg ] m wdraj a'G dHvjrj RplV[VjBw ba[ bjv'yVj s[ t[ai dry rg bjfSj VJ f{sj wgaj ] m


´ dwhCj df>c H[ bjfSjdwhCj bjfSj VJl,DF[ oJrJ cjhcgbJljcj dwhCj oJ )

´ l,uS duhC[ df>c VjRpl df>c wg dfbjH[o'G rg api y,vgH[hpS H[o[ wg dihj )

´ LjdHig dqvg df>c a'GH[l[ df>Dc'G ZgLjdHi aJ W,l yjhp.sjdHw xwgig hg )

da>Vs' fv dwl[ lB[LV $a[

´ e,cg dw.u yv[ uJsg H[dwl[ } v{ w[dwl[ } A,c w[ )lB[LV dwr[G idh uJsj H[dwl[ } a'i w[dwl[ } i'w w[ )qpljxi dw>u yv[ uJs[ V[ l`i $a[dfAv[ dw>u idh uJs[ V[ Rpcgws[ )

´ Rpcgw a[ lxi sjw[hj Vjaj H[qplj`ig a[ qph,Wag sjw[hj q[v H[e,cg a[ lB[LV sjw[hj V[C H[ )

´ a[i[ a[ q[i[ drydw>Vg sPig H[ )y,v dHh sPig zBjRpS vHgs' fv dwl[ lB[LV $a[ y,vgH[ )

yjidli` lpbjv

´ uqja dry qph,Wa Wji[dwl[ v[tw sg iyVj fC%jMdsbJbdZbjfw s[ qV dry qph,Wa sj d?bjv bjdHbja[ x[i bdZbjfw h'S sj )RplV[ qph,Wa sj d?bjv vJF[ i,t ds,aja[ qph,Wa Wji[ dryjdibj m

dryjidsbJ dryjidsbJ uqja dry'G Wjhi bjdebj

Rpl vHg Rpl v[tw sg iyVj lpbjv WS eHg )

´ drdsbjiog V[ Wjhi tC[ bdZbjfw } fp,DdAbj ^#li@ qph,Wa wg hp.sg H[ ($#dulsj w'Hg upbjW Vhk hp.sjRph qph,Wa hp.sg H[ m$bdZbjfw V[ wpN dHl ai%J dwhjdrdsbjiog V[ e,v b,De[ a'ig ^#x[i aJ li@ qph,Wa lpbjv h'Hg dw )$a[ hi lpbjv sj upbjW Vhk hp.sj )drdsbjiog s[ bev[ lpbjv a'G fdhvJ hgl'yk dfbj bdZbjfwdrdsbjiog } l'yk fj w[Yo'G api dfbj )

´ Yo[ tC[ drdsbjiog } v,Ddebj ^lpbjv wiw[ aJ Rphlpbjv a'G lpbjv a,w Hg fhp.dybj )

f>uwg ujSs[ hJ blk

´ blk wdhw[ rg wg wdh>Ds[ hJlpSw[ rg wg lpSs[ hJdvtw[ rg wg dvts[ hJ )blk dwl[ } wg wdh>Ds[ hJdwl[ } ws lpSs[ hJdwl[ } dw,Do[ dvts[ hJ )blk bjfS[ bjf } hg wdh>Ds[ hJbjfS[ bjf } hg lpSs[ hJbjfS[ bjf } hg dvts[ hJ )

´ blk qlJ bjfSg bjrj; a,w hg fhp.ys[ hJbjfS[ W'v a,w hg fhp.ys[ hJbjfS[ hi` a,w hg fhp.ys[ hJ m

´ Yh rg faj Vhkfhp.ys[ hJ dw Vhk )u[ fhp.ys[ hJaJ wg blk hg fhp.ys[ hJ )Vhk ujSs[ blkwpN rg Vhk ujSs[ blk )

\Wpiu V,oP w[@ lihjvg@ aiV~ajiV|


wiP.WvJidr>si bnrjv

idr>si bnrjv sj VJ f>ujWg wjdruea dry W[L,w VrJ ] fi Rph f>ujWgi>eq>y sj dHw ujdSbj fAjdSbj dyhij] m fdirjiw d;>Dq[rjigbJ dVFjMdsbJh'dHbJ rg RplV[ bjfS[ b>si'G ljdhadliuSj sg u'a Wp,NS Vhk ds,ag ba[bjfS[ bjf } lqwjvg ljdh,aw lieiqgbJVjv u'Cg i,Ddtbj m f[L hV RplsgbJ wpN aj;j wdrajrJ m

bdhljlhi bdhljl s[ dfA[dHw lqp>sinjnJ qji dihj [email protected] s[ u.ev lC ih[ hp.s[@ba[ hi bdhljl s[ b,De[dHw n.c[ ba[ lga h"w[ a'G d;bjsjwpN rg Vhk hp.sj m

b"iab"ia dw,Do[ ] bj;jsdwajWJ drydw,DdlbJ drywhjSgbJ drywdrajrJ drywj}VJ dry!!!(b"iab,u rg w{s ]qis sg l'y dry!!!

diLa[Ldhi_lCwJ ba[ dHqjiaJ VjvVhk WSs[LdhidiLdabJ Vjv WSs[ V[diLa[ qp,w ujSLdhi eiw h' uJs[ V[diLa[ fvs[ idhS@ aJLdhih,ls[@ r,ls[@ qplwijMs[ idh>Ds[ hV m´

w{siju Liqj

V" qhgV[ sgw{s a'G bj;js h'ljig RpqidHl W+dhq>c s[ w{sg WS ujSjbuW h'Sg ]yjhp.dsbJ h'dHbJ rgWsv Vhk lws[ wpN rg

qpLwvJ sj h,v v,FSi'; dVwvs[ hJ zi'GqpC bjMs[ hJ Ljq }tjvg dB`V Wwl rJedxi dHw Vrk lr[idxi Rph' duhg LjqdHh' y,wiVjv Vjv yv[ ljig RpqibjfSj fiAjrJ WS w[

us'G wsgwpN fv lplajRpS vHgdwl[ w.Z sj bjlij vHgH[w.Z s[ ?pi@ Fpi ujS a'G cis[qpC RpKn w[ api fHgH[bjfS[ fiAjr[G }bjfSj bwl q>V w[apis[ ujHgH[qpLwvJ s[lsgrg h,v v,FS vHg m

´ \bVprjs ^ idr>si|

dwMbVPiga w"i w{i'G

l,ark dry fC%sg W,yg s[ lpbjvdwM d;>seg xp,vJ sj Vhk w.dcbJ sj dWlai ] (dwM d;>seg } Rph wpN Vhk dqvsj u' Rph yjhp.sg ] (dwM d;>seg dry dHw fv sj lp,t ba[ Wjwg sp,t hV (dwM v'w b{V[ lrjiog hV dw Fij Fij } hg wav wi dihj ] (dwM b,u rg wHg qjf[ W[Bj ba[ W[Bg } dHw V;i Vjv Vhk s[ts[ (dwM v'w bjfSj qavW w,T w[ sPli[ sg qss wiVj hg Fp,v uJs[ hV (dwM b,u rg fjt>cg ljZ v'wJ } Ziq s[ Vjq a[ vp,Bg uj ih[ hV (#dwM$ Vjv lrjv aJ Whpa V[ fi dHV%J sj urjW dHw rg Vhk m

´


frV wiV sgbJ s' wdrajrJ

dHl ;Wislag dvt[ h'H[ }

zi yjhp.sj ]@ dHl Wji[!!!dwl[ } wpN Vj dwhj ujr[duo'G a,w h' lw[ aJ_bjfS[~bjf Vjv rg_Vj hg wgaj ujr[ d;wi dHl sj m

dHl Wji[!!!wpN rg wdhS VjvwpN Vhk h'S rjvjdHl a'G aJ y.ej ]_dw ;Wislag dvt[ h'H[ }dqBjRpS sg wgag ujr[ w'dLL m

dHl a'G y.ej h'i wg h'r[ejdw #dHlV[$ hjv sg zCg agwdwl[ } wpN Vhk s,Ddlbj_yp,fyjf apig bjHgdwl[ V[ wp,N a,Ddwbj rg Vhkdwl[ } wp,N faj rg Vhk y,Dv[ejaJ dxi dwo'G sj Wvjawji (dw>N sj Wvjawji ((ws'G-dwhs[ Vjv Wvjawji (((h"Ú[-h"Ú[ lF ngw h' ujr[ejs[h a'G dqB ujSe[ dVLjVb,tJ dry'G dqBsj ujr[ej#Rph$ wjq dry b>V%j dyhij m

zi yjhp.sj ] dw Rph bjfSj ;?qdwl[ } Vj drtjr[fP>N vr[ b,oiPy.eg ai%J Z' vr[ I'Vg_wp,N dsV Vj dVwv[ zi'Gihg ;Wislag sg e,vRpl sg l;j s[S vHgHgLri ] Vj )´

Wp,TgbJ W[igbJ

B'wsgbJ VhklwPv uJs[ W,DdybJ }qpCV r[v[ w'v bjfS[ l,ssgbJ_WpTgbJ W[igbJ mRpV%J l.e e,vJ wisgbJW[iJ sg FjLj dryt,BgbJ~dq,ngbJ e,vJ mRpV%J s[ f+[q dryFi ugrV dF,ugbJqJ riegbJ W[igbJVhk i,tsgbJ IjsW,DdybJ V[ RpV%J $a[ws'G_dw>Vg rji_f,oi lp,DB[ m

dh>sg a'G bVprjs ^

´ Fpdf>si w"i f+ga s[ rZgbj wdra,ig h'S Wi[ aJljc[ fjnw ujSs[ hV fi b,uwv% RplV[ sPugbJFjLjrJ sg wdraj } bVprjs wiw[ f>ujWg fjnwJljhqS[ dHw r,Dc[ wjdr~ds=L } f[L wiV sj IaVLpiP wgaj h'dHbj ] m dVil.s[h dwl[ lqi,o LjdHi r,Dv'Gwgaj debj m bduhj Rpfijvj bjfS[ bjf dry dHwq"dvw ljdh,aw I'esjV a'G z,B Vhk hp.sj m

_l.fjsw

b"iaJ V[ dwhj´ lqi,o LjdHij Fpdf>si w"i f+ga r,Dv'G dh>sg sgbJ

f+dadVZ qdhvj wrgbJ s[ wjdr sj f>ujWg bVprjs

v'w ega f+wjLV r,Dv'G Whpa uvs f>ujWg fjnwJ

s[ h,oJ $y h'r[ej m


V;qJdlqiq eeV

fPusgVje f>yqgyC%jMsgw,yg v,lg@ xv@ q[r[yqCg!!!sqCg!!!q'eij@ yq[vgl.e t[vsjl[u a[ q[vsjq,ysg Fp,tt'Fsj s.syC%sg drlli uJsjc.e s' c.e!!!!!! !!! !!!w"cgbJ rjvjwjvj i>elJFsg Rph wp.uidh>sg ri%qg dry!!!Rps[ b>e l.e!!´

ihg q[ig b"Ùja sg f"Ljwhq[Lj a.eyjsi } dtydsbJwsg f{i V.e[wsg dli V.eja[ij dH?vjw rg dihjW[;qgij a[ V.e ZC.ej!!!a[ bjfSg bjfSg uja sglqgwiSljo'G ws[ h,v Vj h'Hg!!!´

q[ig V.V%g W,yg us'GbjfS[ dfaj Vjv t[csgv'B f'B hp.sg@ h,lsg

aJ ujf[@ drhCjNC ih[ bqvajv s[ xp,vJ Vjv Fi debj!!!dHl #vP$ s[ q"lq dry@ RpsgbJ dwvwjigbJ sgNCg v,eg idh>sgRpsj dfaj!!!byjVw us'G w.q a'G fiasjwjv[ W,sv rJe@ ljig dx;j a[ Aj uJsj!!!Rph rijRP W,sv@ Rps[ vHgz'Cj WSsj@ wsg y'iwsg u'wi@ wsg Vjyj@ wsg q'i!!!dur[G a[; f"Sj $y@ ip,tJ s[ ep,oqep,oj hp.s[ V[ f,Da[Rph W,yg sg qJ } rg Fp,v uJsj!!!ljij zi!!!zS[ ip,tJ sg AJ WS uJsjdwa'G aPa@ dwa'G dVq'vgbJ@ NCsgbJRph dV,Dw[~dV,Dw[ f{iJ Vjv@ b>si Wjhi V,ysgepvq'hi dfaj }@ lji[ dsV sgbJ e,vJ s,lsg!!!aJ qplgWaJ a'avgbJ h' uJsgbJQq o,ovj uJs[!!!q{} bjfSj fdirji l.fPiV ujfsj!!!byjVw@ q[ig dWiag Bp,BsgRph q[i[ f[B } yp.q w[ fp,Asg!!!b>qj@ rgij ws'G bjr[ej!!!´

Wji Wi e.TjMsg hJBp,Bg up,ags[t ihg hJdw>Vj wp dyi h.T[egq'yg@ hi rji BJwj vjMsjq[i[ rv@ B[cj duhj a,wsj!!!h,lsjbjtsj@##hpS WgWg ug@ dHl dWywpl Vg dihj@dlB dsY@ Vrk vr'hpS Vhk e.Tg ujSgdHl } Wsv dsY!!!$$q'yg rg hji debj


s' V;qJepisgf de,v

a[ij bjRpSjwdraj )a[ij bjRpSjdHr[Gdur[Gw'Hg fdi>sjqvwC[ duh[zi s[ drhC[ $ybjS RpKai[ )

a[ dxi dHh drlqjsus'G q{G qV sg qqBg $a[Rpaji Rpajir[tsj hJaJ dHw r;sajig h' uJsj ] m´Vsg sg bjqsq{G bwli Vsg } dqvS uJsj hJw.T[ w.T[ apisj hJres[ fjSg } VgN Vjv a,wsj hJlwPV qdhlPl wisj hJ mq{G dHw dsVVsg } dwhj@##ws[ aP. rg q{} dqvS bjr[Geg m$$##hJ bjrJeg )$$ Vsg V[ dwhj mq{G dwhj ws'G##us'G q{G yjhJeg$$dqvS sj rg aJ lW,W hp.sj H[?pLw ijhJ a'G v.zsgq{G bjfSg h'Gs eprj vrJeg ($$!!!a[ dxi wpN dsVJ WjbsWhpa WjiL h'Hg mVsg Fjrpw h' eHgRph rjh'sjhg F,ugq[i[ df>c rv } bj ihg lgq{G Rpl } W.V% qji w[ df,A[ q'CVj yjdhbjRph q[i[ df,DA[ df,A[w.Zj w'n[ Tjhp.sgLPwsg bj ihg lg mdxi Rph zi s[y"Gw[~yp,v[ sg w.Z Vj tdh w[ rjfl qpC eHg mujS v,eg Rpsjl riej wpN s[ eHgu' hpS wdraj riej q[i[ w'v ] m´

BJw[ vjMsj!!!fi q{G Vhki'; faj Vhk@ dw>DV[ wp ai'f[ vjMsghi RptCg ue%j a[dHaWji s[ dw,v n'wsgdHw~dHw w.Vg u'Csgh"Glv[ a[ lWi sg Li[l vjMsgfi diLaj ] dw hpSh'i Vhk h>Tsjlp,dBbj Vj ujr[@ rBjdHbj Vj ujr[a[ q{G@ y,fv rJediLa[ s[ f{ikz,lsg@ Bp,Bsg a[ Wji Wji upCsgdl,tsg hJ dHl[ a'GRpy[ Vgr[@ B[c[ q[T[ ijhJ $a[dwr[G ]G apiVj!!! !!! !!!dwr[G ] h.TSj!!!´

hi r[v[ fgC ikesgw.V tuPi[ rJe@ f{i t'Fsgdsv sg Zijav Rpa[rdi%bJ Wjs rgl,B Rpl[ ai%J sptsg!!!dul f,oi sg YB ]Rpl[ Rpa[ dli qjisgdxi f,oi Rpa'G vhP fP>Nsgq,Do[ Rpa[ yp.Vg W>V%ljij dsV@ sis hP>NsgfgC }!!!yp.qsg rijMsg@ wpL dyi vHg ojfCsgNvP.zg $y lpbjMsg!!!Rpsj@ qSwj@ alWg $y'G a'CuWik fip,Ddybj dwa[ h'ifgC sj rv[B dxisjdur[G eiF dry Wjv liwsjqJ bjtsg@a[ij l.u'e!!!´


qPhiuga V[ us'G dwl[ dq,ai w'v ujSj aJ uJdsbJ hgbjfS[ WPBJ s[ alq[ Z' w[ \Wjwg ligi Z'Sj@ dHdahjlw aigwJhV| aji a[ lp,wS[ fj s[S[_dH>N h'i dwl[ bjRpS rjv[ } fajve ujSj dw WjW[ b,uwv% dHo[ dWijuqjV V[ m dHw rjicjwBi idr>si s[ wqi[ Wjhi wHg dsV alq[G lp,ws[ ih[ m bj?idHw dsV qPhiuga lr[i[ ils fjSg@ ijh tiyj v{ w[ drsjh'dHbj aJ z>DB[ wp Wjbs ils qpwj w[ qpC bj debj_wdh>sj@##WjdWY W,l lB{Gc a[ fhp.y w[ r[dtbj fHg alq[G hjv[ de,Dv[V[@ q{G dwhj yv' dHw s' dsV ;ij y.eg ai%J lpwj vHgH[ m$$

´dLvjv[t s[ fiP̀ fC%[ uj ih[ lV a[ us Vi[L w'hvg sj

wjvq #wigi s[ xp,v$ bjdHbj aJ Rplsj VJ Vi[L w'hv dvdtbjh'dHbj lg m vje[ W{nj W.sj wdhS v,Ddebj Vi[L w'hv wg ] (bVgaj s[reV V[dCM wdhS v,eg@ blv dry dHh Vi[Lbvw'hv hg h'Sj yjhgsj ] m

épiP VjVw wjvu Vw'si dry f>ujWg sj bdZbjfw

v,ej h'dHbj lg u' Wjbs dry Rpl[ wjvu sj df+>lgfv rgWS debj lg m Rph v'wZjij dry b{Kq!dxv! h'S wiw[ v'wZjijRpl s[ dsqjQ dry wpN d;bjsj hg yC%g h'Hg lg m

f>ujW s[ dl,Ddtbj q>aig qihPq l! lptdu>si dl>z hp.s[ lVduhC[ wsg fpdvl b`li rg ih[ lV m

wjvu rjdvbJ V[ l'dybj dw dl,Ddtbj q>aig dHvjw[ s[W.s[ hV dwM Vj RpV%J } wjvu Wpvj w[ RpV%J a'G wjvu vHgbjidow lhjdHaj q>eg ujr[ m

x.wLV LpiP h'dHbj aJ f>ujWg rjv[ bdZbjfw } lB[ulw,ai WSj ds,aj debj m Rpl V[ v'wZjijHg b>sj; drywdhSj LpiP wgaj@ ##r[t' ug q>aig ug bjH[ hV@ wjvu rg dHV%Js[ ljhqS[ ] ba[ wjvu sg bjiow hjva rg ljhqS[ ]&dur[G wdh>Ds[ hp.s[ hV@ a[i[ qPhi[ ojV lp,DdBbj Fjr[G lp,oS lpbJFjr[G vdh>ej!!!$$ LWs bu[ Rpl s[ qP>h dry lV dw lptdu>siRpKn w[ qjHgw a[ bj debj a[ wdhS v,ej@ ##RpH[@ q{G w'Hgw.uig hJ@ ughs[ qPhi[ ojV lp,Bs{G m$$

Rpl a'G Wjbs aJ wjvu rjv[ wdhS q>aig ug lj} f{l[dsY m q>aig wdh>sj@ ##fdhv'G dHl f+'̀ {li } wjvu dry'G w,DT' m$$

ú'de>si w{i'G b,uwv% bjfSgbJ dwajWJ bjf Ajf dihj

] m fC%V rjv[ s'laJ dq,aiJ } aJ Rph bjf hg dwajWJ F[us[Gsj ] m wHg rjw`wji uJ w,y ziC s'la us Rpl } dqvs[hV aJ f{Gs[ hg wdh>Ds[ hV@ w'Hg dwajW waPW hg s[s[ fC%

fpC% A,cgH[ mw{i'G qplwSgbJ $y h,lsj b,De'G wdh>sj ]@ a[ij aJ Rph

hjv ] dw dHw rji dHw u,B dwl[ lpdVbji[ w'v debj a[ ujw[ wdhS v,ej@ ##dvbj F'ij l'Vj hg s[ s[ m$$

lpdVbjij ]ijV h'dHbj Rpl r,v r[t w[ wdh>sj@ ##w'Hgy,u wi m$$

u,B wdh>sj@ ##Vhk s[Sj aJ Vj s[h@ b{r[G Lidq>sj duhjdwM h'Hg ujV{ m$$

us w{i'G w'v'G dHw' dH>u dwajW q>esj ] aJ Rpl sj hjvrg Rpl lpdVbi[ riej h' uJsj ]

´WBjv[ h' ih[ dwl[ wrg siWji dry WgWj Wvr.a V[

wdraj fC%V ujSj lg m wrg siWji LpiP h' yp,wj lg m lB[ua[ bj w[ f+'! dl,ZP V[ cj! idr>si } w.V $y s,Ddlbj dw WgWjVhk bj lwsj dwMdw RplV[ bjRpS sg dabjig vHg sjhCg} w'Hg Vrk cjHg \i>e| vj vHglg dulsj dib{wLV h' debja[ ljij qP>h lp,Ddubj dfb{ m cj! idr>si dHh lpS w[ dt,N w[W'dvbj_##WgW[ V[ rg VrJ f>ej b,u hg v{Sj lg@ b,De[ duhs[Vjv ljig Rpqi qP>h wjvj wisj dihj Rpl[ Vjv b,u ljiv{Gsj m$$

´Rps'G FPLV V[ Vrk Vrk sjhCg rZjHg lg_r[tS } Rph

b,Zj B{e'i b,Zj ldabjiog ds,lsj lg_dwl[ ljdh,aw lqeqdry alrgi dtyjRpS v,DdebJ FPLV s[ Vjv cj! epiFea dl.z\u' f,e aJ W.V%s[ lV fi sjhCg Vj h'S WijWi lg| tC[ lV m'̀B' dt,yS v,DdebJ '̀B'eijì } ì[q wpN bugW v,ej_wdhS

v,ej@ FPLV uJ aP. epiFea sg f,e dli $a[ it v{ uJ dHhVJ} bjfSg sjhCg s[ s[ m

´Rps'G cj! u'de>si w{i'G V[ l.iyVjrjs s[ bli h[n

bjv'yVj wiVg LpiP wgag lg m hi e,v } dHl[ drZg s[ bvuWi[Vjv hg w{i'G ljdhW V[ lqNjdHbj wiVj m dHw rji dwl[ TjW[a[ cj! idr>si@ f+dq>siuga ba[ h'i Iji W{n[ lV a[ w{i'G V[wdhSj LpiP wgaj dw hi yg; sj l.iyVjrjs ijhk drLv[LSwgaj uj lws{_f+dq>siuga wdh>sj dw dxi q[; a[ v,De[lVqjHgwj sj drLv[LS wi w[ drtjY m

w{i'G wdh>sj_lV qavW lPiu a[ qjHgwj qavW f[wjzi a[ Vjv hg RpKn w[ dV+a qpsij $y ejRpSj LpiP wi ds,aj_#q{G qjdHw[ yvg ujRPGeg apq s[ts[ ihgY$ m

´

VujdH; l`j


;?qJ s[ ;?qJ } Ijs widsbJdu.si

q{G qp,TvgbJ da>V wvjlJ VPiqhv a'G fC%gbJ lV m lwPvzi s[ V[C[ hg lg m eiqgbJ } Ap,Bg hp.sg aJ q{G Wlaj zi$y lp,B w[ Wl b,c[ r,v } s"C uJsj m l'c[ sgbJ W'avJ s[T,wSJ Vjv u[WJ Fi v{Gsj m liJ sg dcRPCg $y WSg W{nSrjvg oJ $a[ fdhvJ hg q[ij w'Hg Iji-r[vg W{nj hp.sj m q{G T,wSJVjv fp,n-dl,Z sg t[c t[csj m bwli hg hji uJsj m x[i q{}Fp,t v,esg m q{G q[V Wj;ji dry sg hp.sj h'dHbj bjfS[ Fjfjug w'v yv[ uJsj m Rph y"Wji[ $y W{n[ w.q wis[ m RpV%J sjdZbjV w.q $y hp.sj@ hp,w[ sg VjCg Wpv%J w'v hp.sg m Rph w.qa[ hp,w[ $y dHw l.apvV i,ts[ m q{G LijiaJ wiV v,esj aJ RphbjfS[ ljogVpqj Ljdeis lps[L } wdh.s[@ ##ujh dHh} WsjVjv{ s[ m$$ lps[L q[i[ Vjv h[nJ aJ VJ uJsj fi y"Wji[ sg ajwg$y'G dli w,T w[ hvrjHg } bjrj; ds>sj@ ##vjvj@ wjw[ }b,Z fj WsjVj s[ s[ m$$ q{G s"C w[ dvxjxj xC dvbjRpGsj m qpCFjfj ug w'v bj W{nsj m RpV%J } w.q widsbJ h'dHbJ s[tsj mRph W.wVjv Vjv xPwJ qjis[ m RpV%J s[ dHw h,o $y dyqBgxCg hp.sg lg dul Vjv u{V-f[fi $a[ i,t[ edhS[ } BJwj vjRpGs[uJ l'V[ s[ dHw A'B[ fgl } Tjvs[ m q{G RpV%J s[ l.sJ } A[CsjaJ Rph rji-rji wdh.s[@ ##uj@ zi } s"C uj m V%gG aJ a[igWgWg V[ a{} wpBSj m$$ q{} WgWg sg wp,B a'G Whpa ci v,esjlg m q{G zi r,v } lVa'C s"Csj m uJdsbJ -uJdsbJ l,u[ t,W[f{Gs[ tjvg qwjVJ a'G q{} ci v,esj m Whpa[ qwjV tjvg fH[lV m 1947 a'G fdhvJ dHKo[ qplvqjVJ sg Whp-deSag lg m

v'hCg s[ dsVJ $y r,cg Rpqi s[ qp>c[ tjvg fH[ qwjVJ$y'G AagigbJ a[ Wjv[ dty-dty w[ dvbjRpGs[ m dHw oJ T[ig vjHguJs[ m Fjr[G q{G RpV%J a'G Rpqi $y A'Bj lg fi dHl qp>h[q $yRpV%J sj ljo br,L hg ds>sj lg m wHg rji w>Z a'G dce w[e'dcbJ a[ wPhSgbJ $a[ l,BJ rg verjHgbJ lV m fi dfA[ws[ VhgG hdBbj lg m q{} dHh w.q widsbJ q;j bjRpGsj lg mWhpa[ qwjV A'BgbJ dH,BJ s[ lV m b,Z-T,ng brloj $y m dHV%J$a[ dwl[ sj wW;j VhgG lg m r{ijV fH[ lV m blgG dwijH[ s[qwjV $y idh.s[ lg m dHh qwjV dwl[ lq[G dwl[ qplvqjVfdirji s[ hp.s[ lV m s'-yhp. ljvJ Wjbs qwjV Wsvs[ idh.s[lg m dHw rji Fjfj ug V[ hr[vgVpqj qwjV dwijH[ $a[ dvbjlg m dHl qwjV $y W[b>a wqi[ lV m dHo[ dsV[ hg hV[ij AjdHbjidh.sj lg m dHl qwjV sj qjvw WCj bqgi qplvqjV lg mi"dvbJ r[v[ R[pV%J sj fdirji qjdibj debj lg m dHo[ bj w[ljc[ yhp. F{S-FijrJ sj qV VhgG v,ej lg m lj} dHo[ dsV$y rg ci v,esj lg m ija } bugW-bugW duhgbJ bjrj;JlpSsgbJ lV m ljcj dZbjV h'i fjl[ v{ ujS vHg Fjfj ug

} lj} v.WgbJ-v.WgbJ WjaJ lpSjRpGs[ lV m s[i ija a,w RpV%Js[ hp,w[ sg epC-epC sg bjrj; a[ WjaJ lpSjHg ds>sgbJ m wHgrjig WgWg ug } dHl zi $y'G t"̀ bjdHbj lg m uvsg hg WgWgug s[ ;'i s[S $a[ Fjfj ug V[ Rph qwjV A,c ds,aj lg m Wjbs$y q{} faj v,ej lg dw dHl qwjV $y idh.s[ rgh ugbJ }wav wi ds,aj debj lg m dw.V[ dsV vjLj sg WsWP V[ bJT-epbJT } a>e wgaj lg m q[i[ qV $a[ bu[ rg Rpl A'Bg dH,BJs[ qwjV sgbJ IjsJ RpwigbJ h'HgbJ hV m ws[ ws[ Rph ziq{} lpfdVbJ $y ds,lsj idh.sj ] m q{} cijRpS[ lpfV[ bjRpGs[hV m bSdc,n[ v'w ds,ls[ hV m

zi@ evg-qph,v[ $y FPaJ f+[aJ sgbJ e,vJ yvsgbJ aJq{} ci v,esj lg m wdh>s[ lV dw dHo[ idhS rjdvbJ sgbJiPhJ v'wJ } lpfdVbJ $y bj w[ a.e wisgbJ hV m q[i[ Fjfjug s[ da>V ljv vejaji l,f vdCbj lg m zi s[ wdh.s[ lVdw dwl[ L{b sg w+'fg ] m Fjfj ug s,ls[ lV dw RphVJ i"dvbJr[v[ eJZiJ a'G l.sPw a[ h'i yg;J yp,w w[ dvbJsgbJ lV m RphRpl uo[ $y rg Ljdqv lV dul V[ wJeS[ $y qplvqjVJ $a[hqvj wgaj lg m us'G bjv[ spbjv[ s[ qplvqjV Whp-deSagdf>cJ $y vp,BJ-t'hJ a[ wav'-ejia LpiP h'Hg lg aJ df>c s[qp>c[ iv w[ wJeS[ df>c } eH[ lV m RpV%J sj bjeP njwpi dl>zlg dul w'v f,wg ixv lg m us'G u,oj df>c w'v fhp.dybj lgaJ dHw WpCg Bjhvg $a[ W{ng h'Hg i"vj fjRpS v,eg lg dw bjeH[@ bj eH[ m njwpi dl>z V[ dVLjVj vjdHbj m WpCg f,ng h'w[ dc,e fHg m uo[ $y'G s"C w[ njwpi dl>z df>c uj rdCbj mRpl V[ yJFv[ h'H[ V[ wHg W.s[@ b'iaJ a[ W,y[ qji[ m x[i Rplw'v e'vgbJ qpw eHgbJ m RphV[ si,ta $a[ yC% w[ ljxj hrj$y vdhijdHbj m uo[ V[ dHl sj qavW eva lqN dvbj mx[i Rph qplvqjVJ s[ wjWP bj debj m RpV%J Rph} w'h-w'h w[qjdibj m Rpl sj dli r,T w[ Bjhvg $a[ B.e ds,aj lg m us'Guo[ } faj v,ej aJ Rph u,pagbJ A,c w[ df>c } s"C bjdHbj msPu[ dsV s' df>cJ sj uoj debj m Rps'G ajHgG df>c tjvg h'debj lg m njwpi dl>z a'G A'B[ dWLV[ } b{Vj ep,lj ydC%bj dwRpl vjLJ s[ rg BpwC[ BpwC[ wga[ lV m dHw yhp. wp ljvJ sgW,yg duRPGsg dqv eHg lg m dWLV[ V[ Rph} aCxj aCxj w[qjdibj lg m Fjfj ug dHl zBVj } Ijs wiw[ FP.WgG i' f{Gs[lV m

Fjfj ug s[ qV $a[ dHh e,v zi wi eHg lg m RpV%J }bjfSg wgag $a[ fAajrj lg m Rpph bwli WpCWpCjRpGs[@ ##dHhaJ Whpa qjCj h'dHbj m eigWJ } RpujC w[ wg dqvPej m$$ q{GspwjV[ uJsj aJ Rpo[ bwli ijq vjv bjdHbj hp.sj lg m q{G


Rph} yjyj wdh.sj lg m Rph WCj Lpevg lg m q[i[ Fjfj ug sjs'la lgm Rph bwli spfdhi } bjRpGsj lg m Fjfj ug w'vc'c[ fgS vHg m Fjfj ug Rph} c'c[ dFbjRpS vHg wdh.s[ m Rphr,c[ lji[ w"v[ $y fjSg w'lj wisj m c'c[ dFbjRpGsj m w,fC[ VjvfpSsj a[ fjSg dabji wiw[ wdh>sj@ ##v{@ WHg yjVSj fdhvJaP. fg v{ m$$ Fjfj ug wlgl duhg r,B w[ bjfS[ dh,l[ sj fjSgfg v{Gs[ m x[i w"vj ijq vjv r,v wi ds>s[ m ijq vjv hp,w[ sgdyvq Fisj hvrjHg sg spwjV'G uj w[ rjhrj ljig f,ag fjw[ yjh WSj dvbjRpGsj m q[i[ vHg Wixg xC dvbjRpGsj m yjhfg w[ Rph dtC uJsj m RpV%J sgbJ e,vJ VPiqhv@ avrS a[L.wi sg dA>N Wji[ hp.sgbJ m wHg rji Rph i"dvbJ Wji[ e,vJwis[-wis[ Fjrpw h' uJs[ m ijq vjv fjdwlajV'G bjHgbJdy,ngbJ fC%-fC% lpSjRpGsj fi RpV%J s[ urjW Vj ds>sj m apx{vbdhqs V[ Rph} wHg wjic fjH[ lV m Rph bjfSg Wgrg a[W,DdybJ sg t{i-l,pt Wji[ s,lS vHg rji-rji ajegs wisjlg m q[i[ ljhqS[ hg ijq vjv dy,ng } b,e vj w[ ejv% w,Tsj@##F{S y's@ W,y w[ ydvbj debj m u[ h,o bj uJsj aJ BpwC[BpwC[ wiw[ wp,DdabJ b,e[ lp,BSj lg m sl ipfH[ vH[ lg m rghdrbj; s[ WSj ds,a[!!!!!!!! m$$

dHw dsV ijq vjv V[ qPc $y bj w[ W,DdybJ } qjiSrjvg e,v lpSjHg lg m Fjfj ug } Whpa hg d;bjsj ep,lj bjdebj lg m b{V[ ep,l[ $y q{G RpV%J } ws[ VhgG s[dtbj lg m RpV%Jw'v dfbj u.WPi yp,w w[ ijq vjv s[ qjdibj lg m u.WPi ijqs[ deKB[ w'v v,ej lg m tPV sg aagig re fHg lg m y"Wji[ $yW{n[ f>u udSbJ V[ h{ijVg Vjv Fjfj ug r,v s[dtbj lg m RpV%JfdhvJ ijq vjv s[ ;?q $a[ vgi zp,B w[ W.Vg lg a[ ug bojhep,l[ $y W'v[ lV@ ##dHl F{S s[ tlq } wdh dsRp-b,u a'G Wjbsq[i[ q,o[ Vj v,e[ m duhCj W.sj W,DdybJ } qji lwsj-Rpl duhj;jdvq w'Hg V%gG h' lwsj m s[t dvRp-dHhV[ wgC[ f{-f{ w[qiSj m$$

Fjfj ug } bjf fAajrj lg dw Rph eJZiJ a'G dwRpGl.sPw a[ h'i lqjV e,c[ $a[ itj w[ dvbjH[ lV m RpV%J } dHle,v sj bdhljl lg dw Rph bjf fjdwlajV s[ LdhiWhjrvfpi a'G RpuC w[ bjH[ lV m q[i[ VjVw[ bjf RpuC w[bjH[ lV m q[i[ VjVj ug uC%Jrjvg s[ V[C[ f{Gs[ df>c y,w 54a'G RpuC[ lV a[ bjRpGdsbJ h'dHbJ B,BgbJ v,,eS wiw[ ila[$y hg qi eH[ lV m q[ig VjVg bwli wdh.sg hp.sg lg@ ##dwsJs[ lq[G lg m Rph vjh"i vje[ bj w[ Wgqji h' debj m s' zCgbJ$y fPij h' debj m Rph} v,wCJ rg Vj upCgbJ m sWjl,B ;qgVfp,Bg a[ sjW ds,aj m$$ q{G 11 bf+{v@ 2007 $y bjfS[ VjVwjdf>c y,w V.! 54 $y debj lg m lji[ ildabJ $a[ q{G wjhvg-wjhvg V;i qji dihj lg dur[G wpN epyjdHbj h'dHbj Fjvdihj h'rJ m V{LVv hjHgr[b@ bvg h{si@ FjHg x[iP@ q'C wp.cj@Wp,y[ wg m uC%Jrjvg m Vdhi m VjVj ug s[ fpijS[ s'la LjhsgVqvw } dqdvbj lg m Rph } Vjv v{ uj w[ bjfS[ VjVdwbJ

sj zi s[dtbj lg m zi s[ drhC[ $y tdCbJ q[igbJ b,tJ FibjHgbJ lV m q{G zi sg lpbjSg } s,Ddlbj lg@ ##ws[ dHh ziq[i[ VjV[ sj hp.sj lg m$$ RphV[ dwhj lg@ ##lqN vRp-hpS rgdHh zi aphjc[ VjVdwbJ sj b{ m$$ q[igbJ FP.WJ dVwv bjHgbJlV m Rpl lpbjSg V[@ duhCg dw Rpqi $y q{o'G A'Bg lg@ q{}bjfSg Wp,wv $y v{ dvbj lg m q{o'G Whpaj dyi Rpo[ tdCbjVhgG debj lg m q{G wji cijHgri w'v'G q'WjdHv dvbj lg a[WgWg ug } s,Ddlbj lg dw q{G RpV%J s[ zi $y tC%J hJ m WgWgug V[ dwhj dw zi s[ t,W[ fjl[ A,fC lg m q{G s,Ddlbj dw hpSRpo[ A,fC VhgG@ qlga WSg h'Hg ] m

fjdwlajV'G rjflg $a[ #;?q$ whjSg q[i[ duhV $yRpFiS v,eg lg m q{G bf+{v@ 2008 $y x[i fjdwlajV debjlg m rjfl bj w[ q{G dH.c'-fjw r>c Wji[ fC%Sj LpiP wgaj lg mlF a'G fdhvJ q{G l'q bjV.s sg dwajW #dwo[ debj q[ij Ldhivjh"i$ fC%g lg m dHhV[ q{} wjxg f+Fjra wgaj m x[i q{G dHwa'G Wjbs dHw wHg dwajWJ fC%gbJ m RpirLg WPBjvgbj sg #TheOtherside of Silence$ @ df+>Irs sg t'u FifPi fplaw #FjiadrFjuV wg bVa woj $@ siLV dl>z ajavj a[ HgbVBjvWB sg #l.ajvg s[ RpuC[ sg sjlajV$@ bdVv dH>si dl>zsg #Fjia wj drFjuV$@ IjlqgV tjV sg #drFjuV Fjiab"i fjdwlajV wj RpsI$@ Wvdu>si w"i dTv'G sg #sdhLa1947$ fC%g m B{vgx'V wiw[ L[tPfpi[ idh>s[ ;`i dHlvjq w'v'GHgbV BjvWB sg fplaw Divided Cities, Partition and itsAftermath in Lahore and Amritsar, 1942-1957 fC%g m

dHl[ lq[G s"ijV ega yapir[sg s[ wdhS a[ q{G s{dVwFjlwi $y r>c sgbJ zBVjrJ Wji[ dvtS v,ej m q[i[ WgWgug w'v bojh zBVjrJ lV m q{G bjf s[dtbj lg dw f>ujWs[ dwl[ rg W.s[ w'v@ dul sg Rpqi 70-75 ljvJ a'G Rpfi ]@r>c Vjv l.W>Za bV[wJ IjsJ hV m Rph bduhgbJ IjsJ hVduhCgbJ dw RpV%J sj liqjdHbj ] m dHl[ drywji bu{Fjisjrju sg dxvq #i,Wj hpS wg wigH[$ s[tg m dHl dxvq$y bdhqseC% sgbJ zBVjrJ hV m dHw zBVj $y dHw b"iadli $a[ ljqjV sg Bi.wg a[ wpAC W,yj yp,wg uj ihg ] m vjev[df>c sj uqVj b"ia qei s"Csj ] m us'G Rph b"ia s[ vje[fhp.ysj ] aJ b"ia Bi.wg lp,B w[ lVa'C s"C f{Gsg ] m beJhuj w[ Rph W,y[ } rg lp,B ds>sg ] m uqVj W,y[ a[ Bi.wg } yp,ww[ df>c bj uJsj m Rph dwl[ VjdHw rJeP df>c rCsj ] m us'GRph Wp,Tj h' uJsj ] aJ Rph wgC[ f{ w[ qisj ] m us'G q{G dHhdxvq s[tg lg aJ q{G wHg ijaJ l"G VhgG ldwbj lg m

dHw dsV q{G lr[i } l{i wi dihj lg dw byjVw q[i[ljhqS[ ijq vjv bj debj lg m wHg ljvJ Wjbs@ us'G q{GVPiqhv bjfS[ fpijS[ s'laJ } dqdvbj lg aJ q{} dHl e,vsj faj v,ej lg dw ijq vjv sj dfAvj lqJ Whpa hg Wpijv.dzbJ lg m Rpl s[ dli $y wgC[ f{ eH[ lV m w'Hg wgC[ w,TSrjvj VhgG dihj lg m Rph ygwJ qjisj dxisj lg fi dwl[ V[


rg Rpl sg e,v VhgG lpSg lg m bjdti $y@ Rph bjfSj b>aV[C[ bjRpGsj s[t w[@ bjf hg uj w[ dldrbJ $y v.qj f{ debjlg m Rpl yjiug } rji rji dwhj lg@##q{} duRpGs[ } ljC s[ mb{sJ ljCgG dw q{G z>Bj Fi duRpGsj ihJ m aCf-aCf w[ qiJ mq{} bduhg q"a bjH[ dw bjRpS rjvg fgCg } faj v,e ujr[dw fjfJ sg l;j wg hp.sg bj m$$ ijq vjv Vjv hg dWLVjiv debj lg m dWLV[ sj bjdtig dsVJ $y f[LjW W.s h' debjlg a[ q{G Rph} ZPC $y dvBdsbJ h'dHbJ s[dtbj lg m Rph rgb"tj h' w[ qdibj lg m

q[i[ w'v whjSg sj ?jwj WS debj lg m q{G ijq vjvj} yjy[ sg oJ a[ ajdHbj WSj ds,aj lg m q[i[ ljhqS[ whjSgsg LpiPbja a[ b>a lg m fi drywjiv[ q{Bi vHg q{} bjfSgwvfVj Lwag a[ dHdahjlw a,oJ a'G w.q v{Sj dfbj lg m q{Gr>c Wji[ a,oJ sg z't wiVg LpiP wgag lg m q{G dHl e,v f+aglpy[a lg dw d;>seg sj l,y a[ ljdha sj l,y f{idvv yvs[hV m fi dHh dwa[ rg VhgG dqvs[ m q[i[ qV $y dHh e,v ujVSsg rg udebjlj lg dw wg duVjh r>c s[ f,t lg ( q{} dHle,v sj urjW df+I.rs sg fplaw #Fjia drDFjuV wg bwowoj$ $y dqv debj m qjRPGBWB[V s[ ZqwjRpS a[ dw ##dHlai%J bjfSj fjdwlajV hq[Lj vHg epbj dsRpGe[@$$ Rps'G rgduVjh V[ A'Bj duhj urjW ds,aj@ ##u' h'Sj ]@ Rphg h'r[ej m

q{G 2007 $y dH.ev{Gc debJ aJ Rpo[ q{} hiuga bBrjvs[ WjfP ug siLV dl>z ba[ bBrjv s[ s'la hiV[w dl>zs[ WjfP ug uiV{v dl>z dqv[ lV m uiV{v dl>z rg vjdHvfpid;v[% $y'G RpuC w[ bjH[ lV m RpV%J s'hJ V[ bjfSgbJ-bjfSgbJIjsJ q[i[ Vjv lJNgbJ wgagbJ lV m

whjSg s[ yji[ drsrjV ueq'hS e'eVj@ f+'! tjdvsujr[s@ cj!ulfjv wv[i a[ hig FBVjei q{G bjfS[bdZbjfwJ a'G vHg m

q{G whjSg Rps'G a,w VhgG dvtsj duV%J dyi q{} w'Hgwpsiag dHvhjq VhgG hp.sj m dHl whjSg Wji[ rg wpsiagdHvhjq h'dHbj lg m W,l o'C%j wp xiw dfbj lg m dHl rjigb,Zj dHvhjq h'dHbj lg m b,Z[ Wji[ q{} dqhVa wiVg fHglg m dHdahjlw a,oJ vHg q{} wHg dwajWJ sj lhjij v{Sjdfbj lg m q{G a,oJ l.W.Zg w'Hg Fpv[tj VhgG tjSj yjhp.sj lg mq{G dHl l.W.Zg V'Bl WSjH[ m zBVjrJ } aiagW ds,ag m fidHl lq[G s"ijV q{G r>c Vjv l.W.Za w'Hg rg whjSg VhgG fC%g mq[ig bjfSg vjdHW+[ig $y #lqsiLg sj whjSg drL[L b>w@vJWCj l,o r,v'G Ajf[ s[ l.e+dh ba[ ;PW{i i;rg sj l.fjsawhjSg l.e+dh #`ljsja w[ b`ljV[$ lq[a wHg dwajWJ lVfi whjSgbJ fC%S sg oJ a[ q{G r.c Vjv l.W.Za Vi[Gsi q'hVsg dvtg fplaw #drFjuV wg a=jlsg FjiagI wojds=LBg$

fC%g m q{G ujdWi hpl{V sj l.fjsa wgaj #s'bjWj$ sj #dH.c'-fjdw r>c$ Wji[ drL[L b>w fdC%bj m blei rujha@ dH.a;jihpl{V@ u'de>si fjv@ d*LV Wvs[r r{s sgbJ IjsJ fC%gbJ mwpN s'laJ V[ q{} Ilfjv sj Vjrv #l,yj NPn$@ FgLq ljhSgsj #aql$ a[ u'de>si fjv sgbJ whjSgbJ a[ Vjrv fC%SvHg dwhj m dVidf+>si iaV h'iJ V[ wHg zBVjrJ lpSjHgbJ md*LVj l'Wag sg whjSg #dl,wj Wsv debj$@ q'hV ijw[L sg#qvW[ wj bjsqg$@ FgLq ljhSg sg #b>dq+ali bjdebj$@WsgRP;qj sg b>aq dH,Aj$@ ILfjv sg #?psj b"i ?psjwg vCjHg$@ uesgL y.si sg #fpijS[ [email protected] dl>z driwsg #t,Wv$ bjds bV[wJ whjSgbJ wHg ljv fdhvJ fC%gbJlV m q{} d*LVj l'Wag a[ driw sgbJ whjSgbJ V[ f+Fjrawgaj lg m epiyiV sjl sj Vjrv The Story of a Familys' wp ljv fdhvJ fdC%bj h'dHbj lg m dHl s[ s' dh,l[ fjdwlajVVjv l.W.Za lV m tjl wiw[ vjdHvfpi Vjv m

us'G q{G whjSg dvtS v,ej aJ q{G u' l'dybj lg@ drRpGdabjlg@ lF wpN dHw fjl[ } hB debj m whjSg aJ h'i hg WSeHg lg m ajdHbj fjai q[ig wvfVj s[ t>FJ a[ lrji h' debjlg m dHh Vj aJ ijq vjv sj iPf dihj lg m Vj hg dWLV[ sj mdHh aJ ljdha sj fjai WS debj lg m hJ@ zBVj lovVPiqhv dihj m dHdahjlw a,o duRpG s[ daRpG ih[ m ?jdvs ujr[sfaj VhgG dwo'G bjS f=eB h'dHbj lg m

#;?q$ whjSg sl.Wi@ 2008 $y dvtg lg m f+L.lj $ybV[wJ x'V bjH[ m drLjv V[ dHBvg a'G '̀V wgaj m wpvuga qjVV[ w{V[cj a'G m fi q[ig l.apLBg h'Hg@ qdV>si wJe s[ '̀V a'G mRpl dwhj@ ##aP. d;>seg $y fdhvg rjig y.eg whjSg dvtg b{ m$$q{G Rph} dwhj lg@ ##aP. l,y W'vsJ m$$ Rpl sj urjW lg@ ##q{GNPn W'v w[ a{o'G df>VgbJ v{SgbJ m uj@ fiJ m hpS aP. Fjr[G h'iwhjSg Vj dvtg m$$ q{} x[i rg dHaWji Vj bjdHbj dw b{Vjwn'i bjv'yw/fjnw dHl whjSg sg f+l.lj wi dihj lg m RplfdhvJ Vjv'G RpKyg bjrj; $y dwhj lg@ ##hpS q{G a{} dvt w[srJ m$$ Rpl[ fv $y q{} v,ej lg dw q{G dHh whjSg dvtS$y l`v h' debj hJ m 14 upvjHg 2010 } bqigwj a'GyiVuga f} V[ hiuga bBrjv } Hgq[v F[ug m Rpl s,Ddlbjlg@ ##q[i[ dHw s'la@ u' bjfS[ qp,Tv[ df>c L.wi a'G ijulojVuJ r,l[ a[ hpS q[i[ w'v idh.sj ] V[ lilig bjfS[ ajH[ sgwhjSg lpSjHg u' #;?q$ Vjv dWvwpv dqvsg upvsg ] m #;?q$sg whjSg sj qp,t fjai Rpl sj ajdHbj lg a[ du.si V[ rgdHh whjSg dwl[ w'v'G lpS w[ wvjadqw iPf s[ ds,aj m RplsgHgq[v q[i[ w'v VhgG@ Rpl } qpWjdiw wdh s[Sg m$$ dHh whjSgdh.sg $y LpFjL Vgir@ idu>si darjCg a[ uldr>si w"i dW>sijV[ bVprjs wgag ] m q[i[ vHg dHh l.apLBg rjvg e,v ] m

´


dV,ea tpiLgs Vjv q[ig qpvjwjaRpl .̀wLV dry h'Hg u' vjh"i dryb`;v bdhlv i>Zjrj s[ qjS dryi,Ddtbj debj lg m qjS sj wjiV dHhlg dw i>Zjrj ljdhW } FjLj drFjef>ujW \Fjia| r,Dv'G Rpl sgbJ dvtaJRpKDa[ dHw v,t ipf{ sj dHVjq ds,aj lg mRpl sj y{Kw b`;v bdhlV i>Zjrjh'iJ } s[Sj lg m dul sg dcRPBg uda>sifjv u"vg h'iJ sgv,eg lg m dHl vHg dHw A'Bj duhj .̀wLV wgaj lg m .̀wLVa'G Wjbs tpiLgs Vjv e,vWja h'Hg aJ faj v,Ddebj dw Rphf>ujWg cijdqbJ RpKfi fgb{y!cg! wi ih[ hV m

cijdqbJ Wji[ RpV%J Vjv tp,vj dryji rBJsij h'dHbj mRph bjfSg t'u s[ l.W.Z dry dh>Ds'lajV rg bjH[ ba[ RpV%Jr,t~r,t IPVgridlBgbJ dry uj w[ bjfSg t'u sj wjiuwgaj m dHh Whpa hg dh>qa ba[ sv[ig rjvj wjiu lg m epiqptgdv,fg sj Whpa o'C%j debjV h'S s[ WjruPs rg RpV%J V[ WCgdqhVa ba[ veV Vjv dHl wjiu } V[fi[ yjdC%bj m

q'haiqj dV,ea tpiLgs f>ujWg a[ RpisP sg RpKzg cijqjdVeji LjdHij a[ whjSgwji hV m dHhVJ s[ dvtS sj lìRps'G LpiP h'dHbj us'G xlB Igbi dry dHhVJ dlbjvw'B dryh'S rjv[ wpv fjdwlajV RpisP b`ljV[ \whjSg| s[ qpwjWv[dry bjfSj b`ljVj z,Ddvbj a[ Rpl } sPlij dHVjq dqdvbj mdH>u RphVJ s[ ljdhaw lì sg LpiPbja h'Hg m dHh dV,wgbJuqjaJ bjfS[ hg lwPv a[ wjvu s[ awigig qpwjWdvbJ drycijq[ dvtS@ dVis[LVj wi@ bsjwjig ru'G lwPv s[ wjvusg rZgbj wvjwji ba[ drdsbjioS lg m dHhVJ sg FjLSI'eaj rg wqjv sg lg m dHV%J V[ dHw bsjwji h'S wiw[f>urk uqja dry Bg!rg! s[ dHw cijq[ dry FPbj sj ydiaif[L wgaj@ dul } Whpa f+L.lj dqvg m duhCj vjh"i l{GBi s[f[Lwji l,Is V;qv hlV hjia sg F{S dV,ea ?piLgs sgbdZbjfw l+gqag Vjhgs ;{sg V[ lwPv dry dabjiwirjdHbj lg m dHV%J qp,T a'G hg fdif,w whjSg dvtS a'GbjfSg dvta sj bji.F wgaj lg ba[ hpS a,w wHg whjSgbJV;qJ a[ wdrajrJ qjdlw dvtjig@ vdhiJ@ VrjH[ rwa@iljdvbJ dry f+wjdLa h'HgbJ m RpisP cjdHu{lB q{e;gV w"qgcjdHu{lB@ f>ujWg bsW dry A,f yp,wgbJ hV m dHV%J s[ q;qPVrg wHg diljdvbJ dry Afs[ idh>Ds[ hV@ duV%J dry'G lJNdryji a[ t'u IjssjLa s[ hrjv[ Vjv diwjic dry q"uPsV[ m

dHhVJ sgbJ whjSgbJ dry ipqjVg fdhvP z,B hp.sj ]

fi duo'G a,w RpV%J sg LjdHig sj l.W.Z ] Rpl dry drA'C[ ba[aJz sg v'yj rZ[i[ hp.sg ] m

LjdHs Rpl sg ru%j dHh' ] dw dHVljVg d;>seg dryus'G a,w aJz Vj h'r[ Rphsj bevj wsq ypdwbj ujSj b"tjhp.sj ] m dHh aJz ba[ aq>Vj hg b?gi aw ljig d;>seg }irjVeg s[Gsg ] m u[wi dHVljV s[ b>si'G aJz ?aq h'S sjdHhljl f{sj h' ujr[ aJ Rph Rpl[ dsV ?aq h' ujr[ej m dV,eatpiLgs sgbJ V;qJ dry lj} lqju s[ RpV%J dwisjiJ sga.edsvg V;i bjMsg ] ba[ dHwvjf[ dry sp,t sg woj rgRph dHw,vj hg h.TjMsj ]@ u' y"deis[ i"Sw h'S s[ WjruPsljig Rpfi dHwvjfj h>TjMsj ] m bfS[ dHhljl b>si RphdHVljV } i,W b,De[ dHw W[W,lg dry wpN wi ep;iV s[ IaVrg wis[ V;i bjMs[ hV m

dHV%J V[ W,DdybJ rjla[ rg V;qJ dvtgbJ V[ m dHV%J drydqvS a'G r,Z upsjHg sj d;wi ba[ b"ia s[ sp,tJ s[ r[ir[rZ[i[ V;i bjMs[ hV m dV,ea tpiLgs sg L?lgba dHw h'ifdhvP Rpl dwajW sg f[Lwjig a'G ljhqS[ bjMsj H[ duhCg1992 dry f+wjdLa h'Hg m dHl dry Rpl V[ zi dryvgbJ`jvaP yg;J } u'C w[ wvjqHg rlaPbJ WVjRpS sj hpVis,Ddlbj H[@ duhCgbJ zi sgbJ WgWgbJ ba[ W,DdybJ } ipN[r[Gdry i,tS vHg rZgbj aigwj ] m Wa"i dvtjig dHhVJ sjfdhvj f>ujWg Bg!rg! cijqj 1991 dry vjh"i l{GBi a'G f[Lwgaj debj m Wa"i cijqjdVeji dHhVJ s[ lì sg LpiPbjah'Hg a[ hpS a,w wHg cijq[ B{vgdr;V a'G f[L wga[ uj yp,Dw[hV m dV,ea ?piLgs V[ Wa"i bsjwjij a[ i[cgY a[ B{vgdr;V$a[ wHg f+'eijq f[L wga[ m

dHV%J sg ajvgqg wjWvgba b{q!H[! b>ei[;g@ b{q!H[!f>ujWg@ b{q!b{Kc a[ dh>sg ;pWjV sj dcfv'qj ] m

MN b,uwv% adhwgw s[ qdhwq[ Vjv l.W.dZa hV a[f>ujWg cijq[ sg irjdHa Wji[ f>ujW IPVgridlBg a'G fgb{Ky!cg!wgag h'Hg ] m dHV%J sj l.W.Z L[tPfpi[ Vjv ] m L[tPfpi[ a'G qp,Tvgdr,Ddsbj hjlv wiV a'G Wjbs b{̀ !lg! wjvu vjh"i ba[V{LVv wjvu vjh"i a[ bsjij b{uPw[LV f>ujW IPVgridlBga'G ljig ajvgq dHw i{ePvi drdsbjiog s[ hjlv wgag m t'us[ dlvdlv[ dry dh>Ds'lajV s[ Ldhi bjei[ a,w e[Cj vejdHbjduo'G a,w dHV%J sgbJ dvtaJ sj l.W.Z H[@ dHhVJ s[ cijq[h'S uJ whjSgbJ uJ wdrajrJ ljdibJ dry dHVljV s[b>siv[ sp,tJ } Wjhi rjfis[ q[v Vjv lqju sgbJ ep.NvJru'G f[L wis[ hV m dHVljVg l'y s[ RpV%J fdhvPbJ } duV%J} blk dWvwpv dVePSj lqN w[ b,Dt'G fi't[ wi s[Gs[ hJ m

_u!l! w{i'G

ujS~fAjS dV,ea tpiLgs VjiP


wigi s[ xp,vVi[L w'hvg

siLVg sirj;[ dyiJ a'G W.sfH[ Yfi[ ve[ m df,av s[ w'w[ rwasg qji h[n Zp.sv[ f{ eH[ m u.e tjZ[r;gijWjsg u.si[ m v'h[ sj u.evj?jq'l ] m dwl[ bjv[ dry sgr[ sg oJRpKvP W{nj ] m w.ZJ dry dV,Dw[ df,fvs[ ipt, RpKe fH[ hV m l.sPwg A,aJ a[ujv[ vqw ih[ hV m ujvgsji NiV[qkh wjiV vpCw eH[ hV m s'V'G fjlgvwC s[ WS[ W,DdybJ s[ Wp,a Rpsjl V[ m b>ePi sgbJ r[vJ!!!mRph dul dL,sa ba[ agWi Rpq>e Vjv bjdHbj lg Rpla'G dwa[r,Z qjIPl h' debj m

bjfSj hg zi Rpl} wWilajV a'G rg r,Z drwijv ba[F{bFga ve dihj lg m Rph ojH[G hg lp.V h' debj lg m LjdHsbiZ fjev rg m dwl } lpbjv wi[ m upbjV w"S sH[ ( f{iJa[ f{sv l`i wjiV l'uL ba[ ZPC lg m b,tJ dry Wvs[ ?vjb mlgV[ ZCwSJ m Vqegi b,tJ m Vgq W[h'Lg dry dHh lF wpNlpfV[ sg ai%J lg m fi Rph aJ f+a,t r[t dihj lg m Rpl zisg f+wiqj wgag m ZaPi[ s[ WPB[ Rphs[ w,s a'G v.q[ lV m o'hiJsg rjC m H[Zi RpZi s"Cs[ dVYv[ m l,fJ sgbJ vgwJ m dtvi[t>F!!!m Rphsg yg? dVwv eHg m dHw,vaj w'v bVpFr f+wjLhp.sj ] m

wsg dHV%J ziJ s[ Wjhi ajHg wiajig@ W.ag@ l.ag@ yjygLwp.avj@ ijq dfbjig ba[ d*LVj sj NpiqB hp.sj lg m dyCgbJsj y.Wj m yid?bJ sg zPwi m B,Df[ W'vgbJ ba[ ija fH[vpwSqgBg m

u.e q"a a'G rg dFbjVw ] m dh;ia lijf m drli eH[hjSg ip,t Vjv' Bp,DB[ f,Da[ m IjsJ qdh; tp>WJ sj Z'tj m dw>VjwpN Whpa A[ag vpfa h' debj lg m duV%J evgbJ $y i>e RpKcs[lV hpS Rpo[ h,c dtvi[ fH[ lV m duV%J evgbJ dry wdhwh[lV Rpo[ q"V Rpsjlg ] m duo[ W,DdybJ sgbJ i>e~Wi.egbJ t[cJlV m Rpo[ Bp,DB[ dWti[ dtcjRpS[ dVijL wis[ lV m hp,wj fks[W;pieJ s[ y"fC ?jq'L lV m l,oJ@ TjhSgbJ@ ypijh[@ evgbJ@dxiVgbJ@ q'C@ Wghg Iagq fH[ lV m r,lsj A'Bj duhj df>cq{i WS debj lg m rgijVj rg m

duo[ ija fH[ b>WCg epiWjSg@ egaj@ WpNjiaJ sg e,vwisg rc[ig wdhvjMsg lg m lpdSbj b>WCg hpS ija FPa f+[aJsg lwg l'Zig ] m brj;J bjMsgbJ bSqVp,tg m wHg s.swojrJ upC eHgbJ hV m

zp,e r,lsj df>c o[h sj f+agiPf lg m bjfS[ df>c } o[h

dry r[tSj Viw sg b,e lg m Whpa wpN IjsJ dry bji~fjih' debj m W[Wlg Iajqa a'G rg Wsai lg m drLrjl wjqvh'r[ a[ wigi s[ ip,f } rg f,a f{ uJs[ hV m

byjVw dHw dl,v a[ Rpwdibj fdC%bj lisji bjWjsdl>z ujegisji m Np,w w[ dl,v } yp,Ddwbj m H[o[ ip,tJ sgb N.egbJlV m N.egbJ dry dHw N"GfCg m Vjv hg w,yj w'nj f>ujWgldFbjyji sg l.fPiV Vphji m w{Gh s[ A.V[@ wC[ rjv[ evjl@df,av sj ojv@ l.sPw@ w.Z dy,ai@ f>ujvg@ yp,v%j@ fjogbJ!!!mRph ?pL rg h'dHbj@ h,wj~W,wj rg idh debj m

LdhaPa a[ W{nj a'aj qZpi bjrj; dry W'v dihj lg@##lda l+g bwjv@ yp,v%J Wjv'@ q>V fwjY bjf rg tjY@ q{}rg fjY m$$ l! bjWjs dl>z bjRpS rjvj ] A[ag hg sp,Z sgWjvBg v{ w[ FPa~f+[a Vhk hp.s[ m bjrj;J wjhsgbJ dy,DB[ sjhC[rjv[ lisji r,v ldawji Vjv NpwdsbJ Rpl bjfSj figyIbu[ s[Sj hg lg m dHw s{rg bjrj; lpSjHg ds,ag@ fdnbj b,ua'G Wjbs aP. dliuS dl>z ] m Rph be.qg f+wjL dry RpKygbJbBjigbJ r[t dihj lg ba[ lF drli[ dyhi[ RplsgbJ b,tJb,De[ lpiuga lV m dvtSj b,w sj sp,Z fgSj ] m fvwJ Fjis.sgbJ a[ apiVj ] m av? ijaJ dry av? bdhljl h.TjRpS[hV m avgbJ $y dAvaiJ y'FSj ] m w.dcbjv[ NjCJ $y h,ofjRpSj ] m AJ hp.dsbJ rg afL a[ ipqwSj ] m l,f sg riqg$y dli s[Sj ] m

dvtSj bdhljl@ ljZVj a[ W.seg ] m b,t sg ljig RPiuj} LWsJ s[ lqifa wiVj ] m ljrg Rpqi[ wqi sj Np,w ujSj ]Fp,t a=[h sj d?bjv Vj widsbJ@ l"S ujeS sg f+rjh wga[dWVj dVi.ai dvtSj m

Lp,Z v[tw h'Sj sir[L h'Sj ] m y[aVj h'Sj ] mqhJ~qjVr ba[ diLgbJ s[ fs } uj A'hSj ] m

dvtS sj ;?q Vj f'dBbJ $y hp.sj ]@ V Ljhie dry@Vj q,Do[ $y m dHh wlw #wiw wv[u[ qjdh$ rg Vhk hp.sg m dHhyVp,wij duhj ih,l ] m

;?qg L[i wsg bjh Vhk Fisj m Vj dy>zjCsj ] m hjogsj ;?q Fjr[G Whpa A[ag dqv uJsj ] fi hjog } RplsjbjFjl Vhk hp.sj m v[tw aJ v.ejdibj ;?q hp.sj ] m ;?qsj ?PV v[tw sg dlbjhg ] m dul dry v[tw bjfSg wjVgc'Ww[ Rph qV lq[G aw dvtsj ] m

V;i sg W[Wlg a[ W'v w[ dvtjMsj ] m dHh dvtS ;?qVj Fisj ]@ Vj ij;g hp.sj ] m u[ Fi ujH[ aJ Rph Lp,Z wvjwiVhk m dHh w"Cj l,y ] m

´


fkz sj dHdahjlw dfA'wC dHw irjdHa ] m fkz qdh;u'LqHg hp,vjl hg Vhk m b"ia/wpbjig s[ b>siv[ u;dWbJ sgai;qjVg rg ] m upbjVg \w,yg| sg wdhwLJ ] m q,ys[ a.sPiduhj l[w m afsg v'h sg beV~?pLW' m upbjVg s[ hjC sjfdhvj l'hvrJ m lpi? L't i>eJ sj q[vj m fkz dulqjVg wliaa[ qjVdlw ?pLg rg ] m

fkz Wjhi ds,lsg h'Hg rg b>sivj t[Cj@ Rpqjh ba[ qiVqlag ] m b>Wi } b,cg vjRpSg u'WV ip,a sj q"vSj ] m qP>hVjv f,aj a'CSj vhP s[ u'L sj F?sj l.w[a ] m du,s rg mb,vC%fpSj rg m fkzJ fjRpS s[ dHLji[ dry l.w[aw dfbji rg] m bjq' ljhSg fkz NPBSj b"ia s[ l.w[a dry rg dri'Zgdv>e ] m lPyw rg m

fkz s[ hpvji[ a[ aCfsg RpKcjS dry b,e s[ L'bdvbJs[ Vjv iJev[ lpfV[ rg dV,ai bjMs[ hV m fkz aJ fdhv[dV,Dz[ rlv sj xp,vwjig duhj dq,nj wvjrj ] m fkz aJ lPh[lPiu } rg ypV"ag ] m fkz aJ u;dWbJ sj W[i'w riwj riwjh' w[ hrjrJ $y dtvi ujSj ] m fkz Vgv[ W,svJ a[ Zjh wisgslaw ] m fkz yCjRpSg b>DV%[ tPh dry Ajv qjiVg ] m dVci?aij drhju w[ rg m

fkz b>Wi B,f ujS sg upib,a ba[ vjljVg bSt ] mfkz qV a[ ykz ] m rS@ da=S@ W,sv@ dwSdqS@ qP>h xp,vJsg ?pLW'Hg Nvw@ fju[WJ sg nSw@ F>WgigbJ sg dFSw@ w'dHvsg wPwP@ ffgh[ sg f+gY f+gY@ q'iJ sg f{v@ upbjVgbJ A{v@dyCgbJ sj y.Wj@ zjh dry y.Wj@ NPvs[ BjhS@ upeVgbJ sgdvLw a[ tSw fkz s[ r.V~lpr.V[ Ve V[ m u' u'WV q,ag s[b>siv[ bv.wji hV m r[eqHg m

ljRpS sj qhgVj l"S Vhk s[Gsj m RpSksg b,t dry lpfVJdw>N bjH[ ( qBw hpvi[@ fec.cgbJ a'G davwS m ip,t VdLbjuJs[ hV m wpsia b>eCjHg v{Gsg ] m V,Tg s[ u'L } w'Hg yp.qsj] m ljrS l`v h' uJsj ] m f[y[ dH>N hg f{Gs[ hV m fkzJ dH>Nhg f{GsgbJ hV m f>ujWS sg upbjVg ba[ ljrS sg VLjVgfpijS[ Vhk hp.s[ m fkz V,Tg ajwa ] m dViWvaj Vhk m fkz@fkz ] m fBJ sj ;'i ] m´ aiagW dry u.ev rg yqV hp.sj ] m´ hi Wvsg b,e ZPSg Vhk hp.sg m´ r[lrj b>si hrl hg Vhk qqaj rg hp.sg ] m´ q{} A,fC rg li'ri vesj ] m´ xp,vJ sj hji `Jlg sj i,lj ljWa h'dHbj m´ f,oi sg b,t dry b,oiP Vhk h' lwsj m´ Wp,aJ s[ Ldhi dry iPhJ sg e,v W[WpdVbjs ] m´ Rpl WPB[ s[ xp,vJ Vjv w.dcbJ dry'G rg ?pLW' bjMsg lg m´ wi.e duh[ ligi a[ r,Dc[ qlaw dry fiq~f+wjL lg m´ Rph s[rg fjSg a[ Ziag rJe apisg lg m´ wWiJ rg q>si sg bjiag hp.sgbJ hV m´ w,Dy[ b>W dry w'dHv V[ yp.N qji w[ lpigvjfS t'h dvbj m

´ WjvP i[a hi qjiPov dry Vhk hp.sg m´ qpwjS $a[ qJ a[ F{S a'G Wjbs RpKy ba[ sisgvj r{S FPbj

sj hp.sj ] m´ dhuCj u.e dry Lhjsa a'G Wjbs s[L Fea WSw[ bqi

h' debj m´ lji[ W,sv qkh rjv[ Vhk hp.s[ m´ v'w~IjV bjds wjv du>Vj fpijSj ] m´ BJw[ wWPai sgbJ s'rJ b,tJ s[ i>e r,t~r,t hp.s[ hV m´ wpN ijh dlix t'ugbJ a[ dliuwJ V[ WSjH[ hV m´ vjdHWi[ig ws[ rg l.fPiV Vhk hp.sg@ Vj hg zi m´ V"G t>c df+org $a[ lF wpN bZPij ] m´ f+griaV drwjlLgv ba[ bjLjrjsg h'Sj yjhgsj ] m´ ugrJ dry RpKyaq debjV wAPH[ w'v hp.sj ] m´ xp,vJ dry qdhw hg Vhk ;dhi rg hp.sj ] m qlvV-

drlBgigbj@ xjwlev'W@ hjHgcidubj@ dv,vg bj` sgr{vg@ b{vPdibq@ bjv{Gci ba[ xgwl m

´ dur[G w'Hg ljZw ba[ sir[L `Vwji lpi $y idh>sj ]@ Rphljdha dliuSj dry m

´ h,Dc'i'C[ dry qjvg bjdHbj h'r[ej@ dHl[ vHg yhp. ai`kW'b sg oJ lpe.ZgbJ V[ m

´ Wje dry W.sPw v{ w[ Vj ujSj@ xp,vJ sj dLwji sjVjLVhk hp.sj m

´ wpr[v[ fH[ bjhvdSbJ Vjv qLwig Vhk wisg m´ Ldhi ws[ Ldhs rJe wjiei rg ljWa hp.sj ] m´ dHw Wg; w'v bV.a u.ev hp.s[ hV m dHw LWs w'v bV[w

e+.o m´ a'avg a,wrg } wg faj sir[L wg hp.s[ hV@ a,wrg dry

fi sir[Lg lg m´ hi xp,v dry rg Ldhs Vhk hp.sj m´ vjBP zp>qsj aJ ] fi dwa[ fhp.ysj Vhk m´ q{} aJ w'dHv rg h.lSg vesg ] m´ fjSgbj dry b,e Vj vjrk@ q,AgbJ bJdcbJ a[ hV m´ dqhi sg wSg l.N a[ fHg@ u.c fjiuja WS debj m´ dHw ip,t a[ bjv%Sj Vj fjrk dHlsg bjfS[ f,DdabJ Vjv

bSWS ] m´ faj Vhk dwM Wje dry q{} WJl rg epvq'hi vdebj m´ hi b"ia w,wHg Vhk hp.sg m´ WCj bja.w ] riSigw ) wvIp,e s d*LV diLrat'i ] m´ dyqVgbJ $y'G RpKnsj ZP.bJ q;sPiJ sgbJ bjhJ V[ m´ b"ia sg qplwjV hg Rpl sg spLqS hp.sg ] m´ f>DV[ fptiju } r[t w[ l,f b>V%j h' uJsj ] m´ L[i Wgqji h' ujH[ aJ WJsi qji w[ tjH[ aJ L[i sj Wp?ji

vdh>sj ] m bduhj Vj h'S $a[ L[i sg q"a h' uJsg ] m´ w'h[VPi hgi[ sj Fji 420 i,ag sj lg u' qhjijuj } dHw

ldhqg W;pie b"ia s[ fp,ai a'G dqdvbj lg m


whjSg l.e+dh #b>sivj l,y$ Whp f,tg drLv[LScj! bidr>si w"i

whjSg f>ujWg ljdha sj b,u lF a'G qh,arfPiVljdhaw iPf ] m bjZpdVw lq[G dry whjSg bjfS[ Wsvs[ iPflq[a lF a'G r,Z f+FjrLjvg ljdh,aw drZj WS eHg ] m bu'wgf>ujWg whjSg dry drdF>V drdLbJ sg Fiqji a[ dWiaJawRpljig sgbJ bV[wJ upeaJ V[ lphu f,Dt'G rg dHl sg Vphji} Wsdvbj ] m f>ujWg whjSg l.lji f,Zi sg hjSg WS eHg] m lqju dry dsV-f+ag-dsV rjfi ihgbJ zBVjrJ a[r.ejiJ } Rp[y[ig lqioj Vjv whjSg V[ f+eBjdHbj ] m dHls[ sjdHi[ sj drloji dsV-f+ag-dsV h' dihj ] m

hpS dHh f+LV Fvg FJa ljc[ ljhqS[ f[L hp.sj ] dwbjZpdVw Ip,e dry dvtg uj ihg whjSg sg wg ljiowaj ] mdrLrgwiV s[ Ip,e dry duo[ tfawjig ldFbjyji sjW'vWjvj ljhqS[ bjdHbj RpZi ldFbjyjiw fdiriaV@ q>cgldFbjyji@ l.yji awVjv'ug dry bjHg Vrk aWsgvg V[l.r[sVLgv drbwag sg l.r[sVj } y.eg ai%J N.u'dCbj ] mf>ujWg whjSgwjiJ V[ wHg LjWdsw awVgwJ ijhk lqjudryv[ Iojio } fwCV sg w'dLL wgag ] m dHo[ Whpa lji[whjSgwjiJ V[ bjfSg wvjaqw drZg ijhk whjSg sgawVgw dry Vr[G Vr[G f+I'e wga[ hV m us'G w'Hg VrkwhjSgbJ sg fplaw fjnwJ Vjv iPWiP hp.sg ] a[ Rpl lq[GfjnwJ s[ qV dry Rpl fplaw dryvgbJ whjSgbJ s[ drLjrlaP Vjv lJN fjRpS sg vjvlj agWi h' ujesg ] m l`vwhjSg hg Rph q>Vg uJsg ] dul} fC% w[ fjnw Rpl dryvglq,Ddlbj Wji[ l'yS vHg quWPi h' ujr[ m dHh' duhgbJwhjSgbJ ljdh,a dry v,FSgbJ f{GsgbJ hV_du>V%J ijhkwhjSgwji sj tps qphJsij fjnwJ Vjv lJN fj ujr[ m dHh'duh[ whjSgwjiJ dry'G epiq[v qcjhC Rph VJ ] u' 1974a'G hpS a,w s[ l`i sj ijhg WdSbj h'dHbj ] m f>ujWg whjSguea dry 11 whjSg l.e+dh s[S a'G Wjbs Rph fjnwJ s[siWji dry 12 rJ whjSg l.e+dh #b>sivj l,y$ v{ w[ hj;ih'dHbj ] m epiq[v qcjhC f>ujWg sj Whp-fiag whjSgwji] RplsgbJ whjSgbJ dry lqjug ugrV sg Iojiow f,ZiRpKfi f[Lwjig V;i bjRpGsg ] m Rpl w'v whjSgbJ dry qjVrgdiLDdabJ } lphu ba[ lPtqaj ldha dWbjV wiV sg wvj] m Rph ljdha s[ f+I'uV } lpy,uaj ijhk f+lapa wisj ] mlqjduw@ bjidow@ ijuVgaw qjVrg Zijav } f[L wisgbJRphsgbJ whjSgbJ bjfSg r,tig fdhyjS dVldya wisgbJhV m Iojiow qHg qjVrg Zijav sgbJ a{bJ } RpvgwsgbJdHl l.e+dh dryvgbJ 10 whjSgbJ r.V-lpr.V[ drdLbJ Vjv

vWi[; hV m dHl dryvg hi whjSg sj sPug whjSg s[dWiaJaw f,Dt'G rti[rJ dvbj debj ] m dHV%J whjSgbJ sjdWiaJaw l.enV dHwdhij ] dwa[ dwa[ w'Hg whjSg ep.srgWSai sg ZjiVg h' dVWCsg ] m ##b>sivj l,y$$ whjSg sjb>a f+'! Wg! bji bi'Cj } b>Ddaq lq[G Rpl s[ qV a[ w'V[ a[x'wl h' uJsj ] m duo[ whjSg sj iPf h'i rg dVtji v{ w[bjRpGsj us'G Rph dHl fjai s[ qV sgbJ bSWp,N bSwhgbJWjaJ } bduhg ;WjV dqvsg ] dw fjnw l'yS vHg quWPih' uJsj ] m dur[G f+'! bi'Cj sg b>Ddaq bisjl a[ LiZJuvglqji'h dry Ljqv h'H[ v'wJ } rwgv s'la fdirji rv'G ds,ajdebj lgvW.s dvxjxj t'v% w[ lpSjRpGsj ] m Rpl dry bi'CjljdhW V[ lfLB a"i a[ dvdtbj h'dHbj lg dw ljdh,a bwjsqgu[aP wrg Wg! bji! bi'Cj aJ Rpl rwa qi debj lg duldsV q[ij lw[ FjHgbJ a'G rg r,Z dfbjij s'la dVhjv dl>zdHl l.lji a'G drsj h' debj lg dwRpGdw Rph u' wpN lVqjdVbjdrbwag wiw[ ujdSbj uJsj lg Rph dli` dVhjv dl>z wiw[hg lg dHh ljigbJ dvtaJ dVhjv dl>z sgbJ lV m dHo[ dVhjvdl>z sg quWPig Rphsg bVfC%aj a[ bjidow a.eg lg dulwiw[ Rph bjfSgbJ iyVjaqw FjrVjrJ bi'Cj ljdhW w'vr[ysj ] m dHo[ qcjhC whjSg dryv[ bio } cP.zj a[f+FjrLjvg WSjRpS vHg RpvBjRP drZg sg ria'G wi dihj ] mv[tw bi'Cj a'G hg btrj dihj ] dw Wjhiv[ l,y s[ df,DA[ dHwdWvwpv r,tij l,y Apdfbj hp.sj ] m dwl[ sg NPng L'hia dfA[dwl sj h,o dihj ] m dHo[ whjSg dHw drb>e rg s,l uJsg] m whjSgwji V[ whjSg sj dliv[t rg Tp,wrJ i,Ddtbj ]dwRpGdw dwl[ rg whjSg sg h'Gs whjSg s[ dliv[t a'G LpiP hp.sg ] m

Rplsg whjSg #dliuSj sg q"a$ dul dry z'i l.wBg@lqjug a[ l,y s[ sptJaw f,t } fjnwJ ljhqS[ dvbJsj ] mdHl whjSg dry fjai Ziqrgi u' lqju s[ dF=LB dllBqdry fglsj ] Rph dllBq drip,Z Wejra wiV sg WujH[dllBq sj hg fpiuj WS w[ idh uJsj ] m RPh lqju s[ Iojio} a[ lqNsj ] fi lq[G b,De[ Np,w uJsj ] m Rplsj bhpsj dHwfpdvl bxli sj bhpsj ] Rplsg HgqjVsjig s[ ijh a[ yvSjRpl } qdh>ej f{ uJsj ] m Rplsg faVg Rpl RpKfi Whpa RpqgsJi,tsg ] a[ dHl dllBq dry ugRpGsg h'Hg Rph L,w wisg ]dw Rpls[ fag w'v Whpa f{lj ] Rph bjfSj wpN Vhk WSjdihj ljij f{lj bjfS[ qJ-dfRp } s[ dihj ] m qJ-dfRp dHlf,Dt'G sptg hV dw RphVJ sj fp,a RpV%J sg rja rg Vhk fp,Asj mZiqrgi sg wvfVj sj us'G Iojio Vjv Bwij hp.sj ] aJ


Rpl lq[G Rphsj qV a=jlsg h.TjRpGsj ] m Rphs[ ljhqS[ s' ijhhV m Rph uJ aJ dF=LB dllBq Vjv B,wi vr[ uJ bjfS[ bjfdllBq s[ hrjv[ wi[ m Rph Wpudsv WS w[ bjfS[ bjf } hg?aq wi ds>sj ] m Fjr[G epiq[v qcjhC V[ dHl whjSg drys' dZiJ sg dri'ZjHg aJ dstjHg ] fi dHl whjSg sj VjdHwZiqrgi bjfSgbJ fildoagbJ a[ qjVdlw RpvNSJ dryuwdCbj hg idh uJsj ] m Rph dHw v[tw rg ] fi Rpl sgdliuVj sg q"a Rps'G hg h' uJsg ] m us'G Rphs[ lpfdVbJ sjwav hp.sj ] m epiq[v qcjhC } duhCg zBVj f+Fjdra wisg] Rpl} evfg L{vg ijhk whjSg sj dVr[wvj iPf ds>sj ]dwRpGdw whjSgwji qcjhC s[ w'v wvfVj Lwag LWsJ a[rjwJ sg y'S ba[ RpV%J sg lpy,ug e'Gs@ x{vjY a[ l.w'y@ qVp,tgFjrJ } lqNSj bjds bduh[ epS hV u' whjSg dvtS r[v[Rpl s[ hq[Lj hg lVqp,t idh>s[ hV m dliuVj sg q"a whjSgdry qcjhC V[ IPVgridlBgbJ s[ f+'̀ {liJ ba[ FjLj drFjes[ bdZwjigbJ r,v rg W[dNuw h' w[ bjrj; RpnjHg ] dwldFbjyjiw q[dvbJ dry v'w-f,tg v[twJ } Wpvj w[ v'wJ s[lVqp,t wiVj yjhgsj ] dwRpGdw Rph v'wJ sgbJ a.egbJ@apiLgbJ@ sp,tJ@ awvgxJ sgbJ e,vJ bjfSgbJ iyVjrJ drywis[ hV a[ f[GcP ldFbjyji } duRpGsj i,tS vHg fPij I'esjVfjRpGs[ hV m dHo[ epiq[v qcjhC sg l'y sj dHh rg fdhvPRpFi w[ ljhqS[ bjRpGsj dw v[tw sg LWsJ s[ dliuShjdibJVjv fPig hqsisg ] m Rph bjfSg e,v lfLB iPf dry dWbjVwiV dry wjqIjW hp.sj ] m whjSgwji duo[ dHw v[tw hp.sj]@ Rpo[ Rph bjfSj bjv'yw bjf rg h'Sj yjhgsj ] m dHlsjf+eBjrj RpV%J sg whjSg #Yfij bjsqg$ wisg ] m epiq[vqcjhC bjfS[ Wji[ dry lfLB wi hg uJsj ] m dHh dWvwpvl,y ] dw us q{G w'Hg whjSg dvtsj hJ aJ wpN fjnw N,Bq[i[ bjv[-spbjv[ bj w[ W{n uJs[ hV@ duhC[ q[ig wvq s[rhjb s[ Vjv-Vjv q[ij dvdtbj b,ti-b,ti fC%s[ idh>s[ hVa[ whjSg ?aq h'S a'G Wjbs q[i[ Vjv l.rjs iyjRpS v,ef{Gs[ hV m RpV%J sg al,vg wirj w[ hg q{G bjfSg whjSg dwa[AfS vHg F[usj ] m dHh whjSg bjaq wojVaw L{vg drydvtg eHg ] m dHo[ qcjhC bjf Wgag uJ lr{-ugrVg f+FjrfjRpS rjvg L{vg sg ria'G wisj ] u' rZ[i[ f+qjSgw a[ l,ys[ V[C[ vesg ] m dHo[ Rph ljc[ ljhqS[ dHw lrjv tCj wids>sj ] m dHl dF=LB TJy[ dry Whpa dHqjVsji v'w rg dqvs[hV dur[G dHl whjSg dry Ziqrgi b{l! cg! Y! ljdhW u'v[tw } dHl dF=LB TJy[ s[ Wji[ hg yjVSj fj w[ slsj ] mdHh wpi,fB qdhwqj ] duo[ wpi,fLV sj W'vWjvj h'r[ Rpo[ w'Hgdwl[ sj wpN Vhk v,esj m dlix f{lj hg lF wpN hp.sj ]@ dHlsg f+jfag vHg w'Hg wg wi s[r[ l'dybj rg Vhk uj lwsj mdHl vHg aP. fPig ai%J h'dLbji h' w[ w.q wdibj wi m dwl[ wje;Rpa[ slata wiV a'G fdhvJ Rpl Wji[ y.eg ai%J ujSwjighjlv wiw[ fPig al,vg wiV a'G qei'G hg wdibj wi m duhCj

W.sj dHo[ dwl[ Rpa[ dWV%J b,tJ t'v%[ drLrjl wi v{Gsj ]@ Rphws[ rg qji tj lwsj ] m dHo[ v[tw dHl dF=LB TJy[ drylpZjirjsg Wgu fp.eij w[ bjLjrjsg Nvw fjnwJ ljhr[G f[Lwi uJsj ] m v[tw s[ w'v dHh fjnwJ drywjivg e,vWjawiV sg fPiV l'Ng } iPfqjV wiV sg wvj ] m u' v[tw s[[[drv,tS bVpFrJ sj qIji h'i rg Rpyj wi ds>sg ] m us'G blkqcjhC sg whjSg fC% ih[ hp.s[ hJ Rpls[ fjaiJ dryvge,vWja bu'w[ ugrV s[ l,yJ a[ ih,lJ } f[L wisg h'Hg fjnwJVjv edhig lJN fj uJsg ] m

qcjhC sgbJ whjSgbJ s[ fjai duRpGGs[ ujes[drbwag hg V;i bjRpGs[ hV-duV%J Rpfi Iojio sg fjSyCg h'Hg Fvg-FJa bjfSg Vrk fdhyjS A,csg ] m Rph v'wJVjv l,yg qjVrrjsg hqsisg i,tS rjvj ljdhawji ] dHlvHg Rph lqjduw WpijHgbJ@ W[dHVljxgbJ ;pvqJ ba[drawdibJ f+ag lfLB dVt[Zjaqw lpi RpFisj ] m RphV[lqjduw v'BP drrloj rv'G ds,ag uj ihg drdsbw f+Sjvg sgbjv'yVj rg wgag ] dw dHl V[ lj} WjWP WSj ds,aj ] fiW.s[ Vj WSj lwg m lj} ijdubJ qhjijdubJ sgbJ vCjHgbJaJ fC%j ds,agbJ fi V{dawaj sj fjn Vhk dltjdHbj dHhVhk sdlbj dw lqju f+ag ljcgbJ wg d;>q[rjigbJ hV m dHo[v[tw Fjiag sg Ltlgba Rpfi dHw f+LV dy>V% tCj wisjh'dHbj bjfSg whjSg #Yfij bjsqg$ drb>eqHg b>sj; dry?aq wisj ] m

b{V! cg! Y! Fjiag ] uJ-uJ-( dHw fjnw V[ Whpa hgh{ijVg Vjv q[i[ a'G fp,DdAbj m

##hJ!!!! m$$ q{G Whpa hg ni%q[ Vjv dwhj m##WHg vesj aJ Vhk m$$ dHo[ whjSgwji wjWu L+[Sg

spbjij h' ihg bjidow vp,B@ duVlg dlaq@ hi t[ai dryv[drawi[ sgbJ i'GeB[ tC[ wiV rjvgbJ zBVjrJ } bjfSgwoj l.lji sj qPv dliuVj-l+'a wWPvsj ] m bjfS[ VjvvejH[ ijLBifag s[ n,Df[ } hvPSsj h'dHbj bduh[ drbwags[ dwisji } f[L wi uJsj ] m dHo[ qcjhC sg dHh wvjadqwupea ljhqS[ bjRpGsg ] dw Rph bjfSg whjSg s[ fvjB }VjBdwbjRpS vHg dHl ai%J sj rjiajvjf v{ w[ bjRpGsg ]dw Rph ujSsj ] dw fvjB dryvgbJ zBVjrJ a[ ldoagbJ} VjBwg iPf ds,Da[ dWVJ fjnw Rpfi cP.zj a[ dat[ij f+FjrVhk f{Gsj m Rph bjfSgbJ whjSgbJ dryv[ fvjB }wvjaqwaj Vjv WgCV dry fPiV iPf dry wjqIjW dihj] m #lrie whjSg$ dHl f+Ddriag sg whjSg ] m dHl whjSgdry dfAv-Njw drZg sg ria'G rg v[tw V[ wgag ] m VjBwgrjiajvjf sg dHl dry dubjsj ria'G wiw[ qcjhC V[ dHldry h{ijVeg@ l.ziL bjds f,tJ } rg Rpujei wgaj ] m dHlwhjSg dry ds=L-dya=S rjajriS Rpljdibj debj ] m dulijhgG dHl whjSg dryv[ drL[ sj wvjaqw f,Zi a[ y.eg ai%JdVFj wgaj debj ] m dHl whjSg sj qp,t fjai Vrsgf dHw


f+[iVjli'a fjai ] m u' b"ia sg lPia Vjv'G lgia } dubjsjaiugh ds>sj ] m Rph drs[L dry uj w[ rjfl bjfS[ s[L fiaw[ tpLg f+jfa wisj ] m dHo[ v[tw V[ Rpl sg dwia sgdrv,tSaj } f+eB wgaj ] m whjSg dry qcjhC sg woj-ds=LBg qjVrjsg V;i bjRpGsg ] m Vrsgf spVgbJ zp>q Rpo'GsgbJ y.egbJ e,vJ sj qjcv dliu w[ bjfSg qja-FPqg a[bj w[ VrJ f+I'e wisj ] m dHo[ Rph dwia s[ qp,v sj drlojia[ x{vjb dHl ai%J wisj ] dw Rph ljc[ W[ip;eji drbwagbJs[ ijhJ dry rg awsgi sg vgwJ qji uJsj ] m dHo[ h,c-F,V%rk dqhVa s[ ipt s[ n.cC[ xvJ sj bjV.s qjSsj h'dHbjfjai fjnwJ } rg f+[i uJsj ] m dHh fjai ugrV s[ lphu} qjVrjrjsg aigw[ Vjv duRPGsj ] m u' lqjduw ugrV rjla[lptjrgbJ hjvaJ dliuV s[ h,w dry ] u' l.lji drydryidsbJ bjfS[ b>si Rpaf>V wjdHiaj@ NjwJ@ ci duhgbJFjrVjrJ } lq[G sg q>e bVplji ?aq wiV sg w'dLL wisj] m v[tw spbjij dlidubj h'dHbj dHh fjai drs[L dry ujSs[ Fpv[t[ } sPi wisj h'dHbj bjfSg e,v dWbjV wi uJsj] m ##Wjwg rgi ug q{G Wjhi idh w[ dHl Vagu[ Rpa[ fhp.dybJhJ dw u[ ljcg liwji@ ljc[ dwisji ljc[ d;>qgsji a[ ljc[rfji dry lpZji bj ujr[ aJ du>Vg ujV qji w[ dqhVa blkRpo[ wis[ hJ@ u[ RpVg dqhVa H[o[ wigH[ aJ ljc[ v'w tpLhjvgdry dwl[ rg tpLhjv s[L a'G dfA[ Vj idhS___H[o[ riejlrie rgi ug dwo[ ] ( Wjwg aJ lF e,vJ V[!!!!!!!!!$$

qcjhC whjSgbJ dry e'Gs s[ qpwjWv[ a[ fjaiJ Rpa[dubjsj u'i ds>sj ] m Rpl s[ fjaiJ dry fjai-dVt[C@drv,tSaj a[ qV'drLv[LS rie[ epS dqvs[ hV m dur[G #;?qgep,B sj sis$ whjSg dryvj fjai f+sgf u' l.egaj } bjfSgZiq sg F{S q>Vsj ] m Rph Rpl sgbJ ljigbJ awvgxJ lpSV} dabji ] m dHl whjSg dry whjSgwji V[ uja-fja a[wjq s[ hrl s[ cP.z[ F[s } v'wJ ljhqS[ i,Ddtbj ] m dHl wojdry f+sgf lqju sgbJ dHV%J wiPi f+ldoagbJ Vjv qpwjWvjwiV sg oJ bjfSj sp,t LijW fg w[ zBjRpGsj ] m epiq[vqcjhC V[ lqju dry f+ydva eva wgqaJ f+ag v'wJ s[ qVdry RpV%J f+ag lpZji sg FjrVj Rpujei wiv s[ vHg RphbjfS[ wojVw a[ fjai } zCsj ] dw fjnw s[ qV dryRphVJ s[ eva wga[ wiqJ f+ag V`ia f{sj h' ujr[ m #NigB$whjSg qVp,tg lPtq FjrVjrJ } Rpvgwsg ] m dw wHg rjigeva xdhqg qVp,t s[ b>siv[ qV } dHl ai%J N.u'C ds>sg ]dw Rph ljig Rpqi Rpl dfAvg hwgwa } v,Fsj hg idh uJsj] m dHl dry whjSgwji V[ qjdfbJ sj Rph f,t f[L wgaj ]us'G RpV%J s[ W,Dy[ RpV%J a'G wHg f+LV fp,As[ hV-us'G qjdfbJw'v f+LVJ s[ RpKai Vhk hp.s[ aJ Rph lfLB wdhS sg WujH[dHw Fpv[tj duhj fj ds>s[[ hV m Rpl Fpv[t[ dry duRpGs[ W,Dy[hwgwa a[ wvfVj s[ sr.s dry xl[ hg idh uJs[ hV-dur[G

fpLfg } Rpl spbjij bjfS[ dfaj Liqj ug } whg f+LV fp,ASa[ dwhj uJsj ] dw Rph sp,Z rjdvbJ sg wpCg ] m Rpl } c'vgyC%V aw rg dHl WpNjia sj RpKai Vhk dqvsj m Rph us'GWvWgi dl>z sp,Z rjv[ } dqvsg ] a[ btgi dry dHh hg f+LVfp,Asg ] ##b>wv ug b,u aJ s,l dsRp dw q{G dwlsg W[Bg hJ ($$whjSg #zi$ diBjdHiq{GB a'G Wjbs l.fPiV dl>z Wjwg d;>segs[ dHo[ yC%s[ lPiu } lvjqJ rjvg e,v wgag ] m l.fPiV dl>zdu>Vj dyi V"wig a[ dihj Rpl s[ zi dry i"Sw v,eg idh>sglg m w.q wirjRpS rjdvbJ sg vCg Vhk Bp,Bsg lg fidiBjdHiq{GB a'G Wjbs Rph bjfSg ldoag } lqN Vj ldwbjdw yjfvPl v'w hpS Rpl w'v wg wiV bjRpSe[ dwRpGdw hpSRpV%J } Rpl sg ;iPia Vhk fi l.fPiV dl>z fdhvJ rie[ hghjvja yjhp.sj ] dul wiw[ RphV[ bjfSg W[y{Vg h'i rZj vHg m

dHo[ whjSgwji V[ qV sg W[y{Vg sj dHvj; ZjidqwlojVJ a[ fPuj fjn Vhk sdlbj le'G Rpl ldoag } lqNSsg e,v wgag ] m dul } l.fPiV dl>z lqN Vhk dihj-Rpl }bjfSj zi@ zi Vhk v,esj-dwRpGdw Rphsg LJag RpKc yp,wg] m v[tw whjSg dry l.fPiV dl>z sg da=L.wP rJe vBwsgugrV ldoag sj dyaiV wisj ] m dHl[ ai%J whjSg #lrjvsi lrjv$ rg fjnwJ ljhqS[ lrjv tCj wi ds>sg ] m u.eWhjsi sg Rpsjlg sj wjiV h'i ] fi lqju dryv[ v'w L,wsgbJ dVejhJ Vjv s[ts[ hV m Rph bjiow f,t Vjv'G bdZwqV'l.ajfg RpvNSJ dry xdlbj h'dHbj dHl lqjug ugrVs[ Iojiow loPv } lqNsj h'dHbj bjfSg V"wig dabjeds>sj ] m

us'G blk qcjhC sgbJ whjSgbJ sj iPf-drZjV s[ts[hJ Rpl sgbJ whjSgbJ sg rjw WSai hg Vhk Wvdw RplV[LWs s[ f,Zi Rpa[ rg f>ujWg RpyjiV r,v dZbjV i,Ddtbj ] mdulsj RpyjiV f>ujWg RpfFjLj } f+a,t iPf dry lrgwjisj] m Rplsg L{vg w[rv rjw WSai aw hg lgqa Vhk ihg-v[tw V[ FjLj L{vg dry RpfFjrpwaj } zBjRpS vHg ba[drL[ rlaP } ldhu-lZjiV iPf dry ridabj ] m L{vg hgiyVj sj bduhj a,a hp.sg ] dul sg blk Vwv Vhk wilws[ m

dHl dryji-yiyj s[ bjZji a[ dwhj uj lwsj ] dwepiq[v qcjhC V[ d;>seg sgbJ WjigwgbJ } r[dtbj a[dyadibj ] m Rplsg whjSg wvj sg dHh rg drL[Laj ] dwRpl V[ bjfS[ h,c-qjl Rpa[ h.TjH[ Iojio a[ dVug bVpFr} hg lqjduw l.siF dry f[L wgaj ] m dHl fplaw dryvgbJwhjSgbJ ljZjiS qVp,t sgbJ y.debjHgbJ-WpijHgbJ }lqp,Dy[ l.siF dry'G Rpujei hp.sgbJ hV m dul sg e'Gs ljsg@dWbjV@ ypla@ dtbjv cP.z[ a[ yjv da,tg ] m dHh fjnwJ RpKfiedhij f+Fjr fjRpS sg lqi,oj itsgbJ hV m

´


lbjsa hlV q>DB'd*LV y.si

q{G Ljqk A[ ru[ s[ vje[ sài a'G rjfl bj w[ bjfS[qwjV s[ Wjhi Bdhv dihj lJ dw dHw v.qj@ favj fa.e@e'ij e'ij W.sj bjdHbj m dHw yqC[ sj W{e w,A dry sWjHgba[ q[i[ r,v r[t w[ qplwijRpS v,ej m blJ s'hJ V[ dHwsqdHw sPu[ } fAjS dvbj m

##aplk d*LV y.si h' ($$##q>DB' )$$ q{G urjW ds,aj ba[ blJ s'hJ V[ u,xg fjHg mq>DB' dHw v.qj ljij w'B fj w[ bjdHbj lg m wqi[ s[ b>si

uj w[ q>DB' V[ w'B Rpaji ds,aj ba[ yqC[ s[ W{e } l'̀ [ a[dBwj ds,aj ba[ bjf dHw wpilg $a[ f{i l.e'C w[ dHl ai%JW{n debj@ dul ai%J zV,DdHbj vjv u[W~wai[ sj fjiB wis[lq[G W{nsj ]& q{} bjf qphji[ hjlj bj debj@ q{G dwhj@ ##vY@dleiB fgY m$$

w'Hg zBgbj dleiB lg@ u' q{G Rpl } f[L wgaj m ##vjh"vr,vj wpr,a$$@ q>DB' W'dvbj m ##Y WHg@ dHh dleiB fks[ Y (]ijVg sg e,v H[ dw bduh[ dleiB fg w[ aplk H[V[ [email protected][ b`ljV[ dwr[G dvt v{Gs[ h' ) dleiB fg w[ aplk dli` sàisg wviwg wi lws[ h' m lqN eH[ h' Vj@ d*LV y.si b{q!H[! mvY@ hpS bdh dleiB fgY@ 555 ) ba[ Fp,v ujY dHV%J dleiBJ} m$$

V"wi V[ eiq eiq xpvwgbJ fv[B dry luj w[ F[uds,agbJ m q{G dwhj@ ##dHh xpvwgbJ dzRp dry avgbJ eHgbJhV m ?j<vl dzRp f>ujW a'G bjdHbj H[ m$$

##xpvwgbJ ba[ dzRp dry )$$ q>DB' dy,vjdHbj@ ##vjh"v r,v%jwpr,a@ Y WHg@ aP. aJ dVij c.e~BfjRP ]G m Y Fijrj q[dibj@w"S W[rwP̀ xpvwgbJ dzRp dry avsj ] ( dHl Vjv aJxpvwgbJ sj lrjs hg Wsv uJs{@ avS vHg dzRp Vhkcjvcj dWhai ]@ cjvc[ a'G dWhai ìjHg h'i w'Hg Vhk hp.sj@q[ig rhpBg } bjRpS dsY@ x[i q{G aphj} xpvwgbJ trjrJej@yBfBgbJ ba[ wpiwpigbJ ba[ bduhgbJ lrjsg@ q;[sji@dur[G W.WHg sg zjBV hp.sg H[@ wsg W.WHg eH[ Y ($$

q{G dwhj@ ##q{G aJ fdhvg rji ds,vg bjdHbj hJ@ dHl a'Gb,De[ spVgbj dwh' duhg ]@ faj Vhk m$$

##W.WHg yv' ba[ A,Dc' dHh i[cgY@ L[cgY ) vY@ LijWfgY m$$ dHh wdh w[ q>DB' V[ bjfS[ A'B[ w'B sg u[W dry'G W'avwTg@ l'vV dr%lwg V.Wi 1@ ba[ Rpl sj wjiw Rpcj w[ W'dvbj@##vY@ uvsg Vjv vY m evjl q>ejY@ s[i h' ihg H[ m$$

hpS agwi q{G LijW y?g Vhk lg@ fi q>DB' sj dyhij H[Vjlhg lg m Rpl sj vdhuj H[Vj ap.s lg dw q{G l'dybj@ u[wi q{GdHVwji wgaj@ aJ dwZi[ Rph q{} qji hg Vj W{n[ m q{G WC[

ni.q%[ Vjv s' evjl q>erjH[@ q>DB' V[ LijW fjRpSg LpiP wgag@fp,AS vej@ ##aP. dwhCg LijW fksj H[G ($$

q{G dwhj@ ##WiJcg uJ x[i_w'Hg y.eg duhg dr%lwg )$$##dwhCg b>ei[;g dr%lwg ($$ q>DB' V[ ;ij av?g Vjv dwhj@

##dr%lwg b>ei[;g Vhk hp.sg@ lwj,y hp.sg H[ m ljv[ b>ei[; LijWagwi aJ wLgs wi Vhk lws[@ wT Vhk lws[@ dh>Ds'lajV$a[ Fvj hwPqa wg wiVe[ m$$

q[i[ qV b>si dHw b>ei[;g lwj,y dr%lwg sj dHLdahjibj debj ^ #Don't be Yaghe, ask for Hague$ \c'VB Wg Ije%[@bjlw `j,i h{Ke| m q{G uvsg Vjv dwhj@ ##q{} h{Ke Whpa fl.sh{ m$$

##lF Wwrjl ]$$@ q>DB' W'dvbj m ##l'vV dr%lwg V.Wi 1\dHw| lF a'G rZgbj H[ m b,De'G h{Ke Vj fgbj wi' m dli` l'vVdr%lwg V.Wi dHw ) lqN debJ )$$

q{G dwhj@ ##ngw H[ m b,De'G h{Ke Vhk fgbJej m$$##h'i fjrJ ($$ q>DB' V[ q[i[ evjl r,v r[ts[ h'H[ dwhj@

u' vefe y"oj dh,lj Fi ypwj lg mq{G dwhj@ ##h'i Vhk@ dur[G a[ig qi;g m h'i fj s[ m$$##aJ wg fdBbjvj f{Ke fgYe[ ($$ q>DB' V[ ]ijV h' q[i[ rv

r[ts[ h'H[ dwhj mq{G uvsg Vjv dwhj@ ##hJ )$$ blv dry q{} faj hg Vhk

lg dw fdBbjvj f{Ke wg hp.sj H[ ( #hJ$ wdhS Vjv ApBwjijdqv debj m

##WCj dfbjwv H[G )$$ q>DB' V[ q{} L,w sg V;i Vjv r[ts[h'H[ dwhj_q{G aJ fdhv[ f{Ke dry hg dVhjv h' debj lg m dHldf,DA'G sPuj q{G VJh dvbj ba[ Vj hg q>DB' V[ ;'i Vjv dwhj@dwMu' Rph q[ig hjva r[t ypwj lg m q{G q>DdVbj dw q{G fdhvgrji LijW fg dihj hJ@ dHl $a[ q>DB' V[ LijW s[ `jdHs[ deSjH[ m

##epVjh sj lrjs LijW dry ] m spVgbj sgbJ WpijHgbJa'G W.s~tvjlg LijW dry ] m WHg@ aP. ws agwi f>ca WdSbjih[Gej ( b?gi aP. ljdha sg iyVj wiVg H[G m w'Hg lwPv s[W,DdybJ } fC%jRpSj aJ ] Vhk@ d;>seg Vhk r[t'e[ ( epVjhVhk wi'e[@ q"a s[ vje[ Vhk ujYe[ ( Qq sj q;j Vhk yt'e[ (l'vV dr%lwg Vhk fgYe[ aJ wg lrjh dvt'e[ )$$

W'av ?aq wiV df,DA'G Rph rg bjRPB h' debj m hpS Rplsj aejsj \q>e| lg dw q{G d*LV y.si b{q!H[! dwM hJ ( dli`d*LV y.si dwM Vhk (

x[i q{} dyCjRpS vHg rji rji wdhS v,ej@ ##d*LVy.si b{q!H[!@ d*LV y.si b{q!H[! m$$

ba[ q{G Wsvj ypwjRpS sg ?jai Rpl } dwhj@ ##aP. dHh


sl ) aP. w"S H[G ( dq>BP ]G@ uJ q>DB' H[G m dHh q>DB' wg ] m q>DB'@q>DB'@ q>DB'@ q>DB' )$$ Rph wdhS v,ej@ ##d*LV y.si b{q!H[!@ d*LVy.si b{q!H[!@ d*LV y.si b{q!H[! m$$

o'C%g s[i agwi dHl ai%J qphjiVg fC%s[ h'H[@ blk s'r[Gl"G eH[ m q{G l'̀ [ $a[ ba[ Rph Rpl[ wpilg $a[ Yl[ ai%J l"G debj mZ"S v,aJ dry sWj w[ ba[ lr[i agwi Rph dHl[ ai%J lp,ajdihj lg@ q[; RpKfi W'av qP>h~fiV[ fHg lg m evjl ?jvg lVba[ xpvwgbJ WhgbJ lV m q{G q>DB' } uejdHbj@ ##RpKn )$$

Rph RpKns[ lji hg wdhS v,ej@ ##u[wi dHl lq[G o'C%g duhghg dqv ujH[ aJ LijW sj lrjs ugF a'G sPi h' ujH[@ aP. ujSsjHg H[G dw LijW s[ lrjs } sPi wiV sj aigwj dHh' ] dwlr[i[ Rpns[ hg bjsqg LijW s[ s' zp,B x[i fg vr[ m lqN debjH[G Vj ) LijW q>ejY ) x[i q{G bjv dH>cgbj i[cgY ujSj H[G m$$

##Rph dwM )$$ q{G fp,DdAbj m##q{} dHo[ cijq[ dvtS vHg WpvjdHbj deb{ m##e'vg qji' W.WHg }@ ba[ dHh Wwrjl W.s wi' m h'i LijW

q>ejY )$$dHh wdh w[ Rpl V[ bjfSj yqC[ sj W{e t'dv%bj ba[

dHw b`ljVj \whjSg| wT w[ q{} ds,aj@ ##dHh} ;ij fC%v{ m q{G bjfS[ b`ljV[ dwl[ } drtjMsj Vhk hJ@ bjfS[ dfRp} rg Vhk m Wl dli` a{} drtjMsj hJ@ Fjr[G aP. rg b`ljV[Whpa y.e[ Vhk dvtsj@ fi dHw e,v H[ RphVJ dry@ q{G dHhq>Vsj hJ_lqdNb{G d*LV y.si b{q!H[! )$$

q>DB' sgbJ evJ dry q;jh \drb>ejaqw bV'tjfV| ;ijd;bjsj hp.s{ m spVgbj s[ dwl[ drL[ a[ Rpl Vjv e,vWja wi'@Rph Rpl Wji[ dHw Vr[G b>sj; dry fp,DA[ej m bjq ijhJ a'G Wyw[ y,vS sg bjsa Rpl s[ dq;ju sj tjlj WS eHg H[ m RphdHl } dabje Vhk lwsj m u[wi aplk l'vV dr%lwg sg Lvjzjwi'e[ aJ Rph lqil{B qjq s[ epS ejH[ej m aplk W.WHg LdhisgbJ ?PWgbJ deSjRpe[@ aJ Rph b>Ddq+ali sg ajig` dryW'vsj h'r[ej m aplk duVjh uJ eJZg sg ajig` wi'e[ as'G RphbjfS[ qph,v[ s[ q'yg s[ qhjV hlag h'S sg e,v wisj h'r[ej maplk e'La ba[ fjvw fl.s h'S sg e,v wi'e[@ as Rph sjvJtjS sg e,v wi[ej m aplk drbjh wiVj yjh'e[ aJ Rph aphj}wrjij idhS sg lvjh s[r[ej m aplk w.rjifpS[ } dWhailqN'e[@ aJ Rph drbjh sg hqjdHa dry ;'isji LWsJ VjvWdhl wiw[ aphj} drbjh wirjRpS vHg quWPi wi[ej m usaplk Rpl s[ bdhljV sg ajbig` wi'e[ aJ Rph aphj} WpijFvj wh[ej m aplk Rpl } ejv% wT'e[ aJ Rph aphjc[ vHg f>ul" ipfH[ sg V"wig v,Fsj dxi[ej m

q>DB' s[ dq;ju \lpFjb| rJX Rpl sg s'lag~spLqSg ba[Rplsj Wsvj rg bugW ] ba[ dHl dry qjVraj s[ Whpalji[ f,t vFs[ hV m Rpl sg W[Wjwg ba[ av?g dHw dwlq sjt"v ]@ u' Rpl V[ bjfSg Viq L?lgba sg lpi,Ddtbj ?jaibjfS[ RpKfi yC%j idtbj ]@ bjfS[ bjf } sPdubJ Vjv'G RpKwj

r,tij ds,lS sg dH,Aj wi[ej@ blv dry dHl a'G rZ h'i wpNVhk dw Rph b>si'G dWvwpv ljc[ riej ]& le'G ljo'G rZ ;?qg]& d;bjsj u;Wjag ]@ d;bjsj hqsis ] m q>DB' } v'wJ V[bwli h,ls[ h'H[@ LijW fks[ h'H[ bjfS[ ljogbJ sj q?"vRpcjMs[ h'H[ r[dtbj H[@ fi q{G q>DB' } i'Gs[ h'H[ rg adwbj ] m

Rph bjfS[ c[T ljvJ s[ W,Dy[ sg q"a $a[ i' dihj lg@ dulrwa q{} ?Wi dqvg q{G uvsg Vjv s"dCbj s"dCbj Rpl s[zi debj@ q>DB' V[ H[sJ bjfSgbJ vjv vjv b,tJ Vjv zPiw[ r[dtbj@ dur[G wdh dihj h'r[@ ba[ aP. hpS bjdHbj H[G@ usdw Rph qi ypw{& us blk Rpl } s`VjRpS vHg v{uj ih[hJ m dHl a'G fdhvJ bjMs'G aJ LjdHs q[ij W,yj Wy uJsj m$$

Rpl sj ev Fdibj lg ba[ Rpl s[ ff'B[ lp,Du[ h'H[ lVba[ Rpl V[ q{} dwhj ^

##d*LV ) q{G q"a a'G Vhk cisj@ dwl[ sg q"a a'G@ b{fidHh W,Dyj@ dHl vHg Vhk wdh>sJ dw dHh q[ij W,yj ]@ dHlvHg wdh>sj hJ@ aplk dHl } r[t ih[ h' Vj ) dHl lq[G dw>VjqjlPq@ dw>Vj VrJ@ dw>Vj dfbjij vesj H[& l'ysj hJ dw usw'Hg VrJ d?bjv bjfSg dlti@ Fjr@ b>a a[ fp,uS a'G fdhvJBp,B uJsj H[@ Rpl lq[G dw>Vg r,cg a=jlsg hp.sg H[ m hi[w VrJW,yj dHw VrJ d?bjv H[ m dHh dwM Bp,B debj@ b,Du[ q{G dHlsg qie r[tg ] m q{G qi ujrJ@ aplk qi ujY@ urjV@ b,ZtCRpqi s[ v'w qi ujS@ qis[ idhS m fi dHh W,y[ } dwl[ Vr[Gd?bjv@ dryji } H[Vg uvsg Vhk a'CVj yjhgsj ba[ x[iRph xpB xpB w[ i'S vej m Rpl s[ hRpq[ rjv[ t'v s[ Bp,wC[ Bp,wC[h' eH[ lV m

q>DB' s[ b`ljV[ Rpl s[ lpFjb@ bV't[fV ba[ Rpl s[ qjh"vs[ vtjdHw hV@ q>DB' bjfS[ b`ljV[@ fdhiS \dvWjl|@V`jla Vjv dabji wis{@ dHV%J dry dwZi[ N'v Vhk bjMsj mdwZi[ w,Dy[ BJw[ Vhk hp.s[@ W?gbj rZgbj hp.s{@ dHlaig wga[h'H[ lj` lpoi[ b`ljV[ m W'vg lpvNg h'Hg@ lvgl \bjljV| a[ljsj hp.sg ] m b{fi Rpl s[ biqjVJ s[ i>e bugW hp.s[ hV@RpV%J sg WSai dVijvg hp.sg ]@ Rpl s[ iPfw A'B[ hp.s[ hV@RpV%J dry il@ wjdrwaj ba[ spq[v rjv[ epS Vhk hp.s[ m Rphljdha dry hplV sj Vhk@ IPwdvc sj wjav ]@ hi[w rlaVfg~apvg itsj ]@ Rph bjfS[ s[ ba[ lgqjrJ a'G y.eg ai%Jrjw` hp.sj ] ba[ bda s[ lphfS Vjv dHV%J dry rZgbjT.e sgbJ duRPq{Big sgbJ LwvJ a'G f+Fjr f{sj wiVj yjhp.sj] ba[ bjf wi w[ ipqjVgba fl.sJ a'G dwa[ rZ wjqIjWidh>sj ] m

q>DB' ;qgV s[ Whpa vje[ ]@ H[Vj vje[ dw bjq wi w[zjh sgbJ daCJ dry wgC[ rg bjfS[ lqp,Dy[ epSJ Vjv Rpl} V;i bjMs[ hV ba[ u' W.s[ d;>seg } dHw Yfig V;iVjv r[tS s[ bjsg hV@ Rph q>DB' } sjs s[S'G Vhk idh>Ds[hV m dHl dry w'Hg L,w Vhk dw dwZi[ dwZi[ h,s a'G rZg h'HghRpq[G Rpl } Z'tj s[ uJsg ] uJ H[sJ hp.sj H[ dw Rph zjh


s[ wgdCbJ ba[ blqjV dry Rpcs[ h'H[ W,svJ drywji d;.segba[ ljdha sj l.apvV wjdHq Vhk it lwsj ba[ dVuargdrv,tSaj b?dabji wi v{Gsj ]@ b{fi H[sJ Whpa zB hp.s{ba[ Rpl sgbJ WhpagbJ iyVjrJ dliuVjrJ qhjV WLigbja\qjVarj@ dHVljVgba@ bjsqgba| s[ BgdybJ $a[ fPigbJRpaisgbJ hV ba[ bjfSg ljseg ba[ l,yjHg ba[ av?gs[ b>si dHw bduh[ dq,Dn[ hplV sg Vkh itsgbJ hV@ dulsg f+jfag vHg dHVljV sj lgVj b,u agwi ail dih{ m

q{G Rpl sj b`ljVj #vjvB{V$ fdC%bj aJ q{} Rpl sjWhpaj dh,lj Rpl s[ bjfS[ ugrV Vjv l.W.dZa ujdfbj@ Rpls[ A'B[ A'B[ b>eJ dry u' Qqa[ Rpsjlg Nvwsg ]@ Rph bjfS[bjf dry i'qjVg q>DB' s[ ugrV sj dh,lj ujfsg ] m dHl a'GWjbs dur[G Rpl s[ lji[ b`ljdVbJ a'G dwl[ V[ ljig Viqgba[ dqnjl t'h vHg ] uJ LjdHs Rpl V[ dHV%J epSJ }bjfSgbJ whjSgbJ a'G Z,Dw[ qji w[ wT ds,aj h'r[@ q{} aJdH>E ujfs{ dw dwl[ sptsjHg u;W[ s[ f+Fjr h[n Rph dH>Ewdh>sj idh>sj lg@ dVwv'@ dVwv' d;.seg WCg av? ]@ dHV%Jdry dHV%J u;Wja sj ep;i Vhk@ dWhai dHh' ] dw dHo'G dVwvujY m Rpl s[ WhpdabJ b`ljdVbJ dry dH>E ujfsj hp.s{ RphdHV%J u;Wja } ujSs[ WpNs[ h'H[ Z,Dw[ qji w[ Wjhi w,T dihjh'r[@ wsg W,DdybJ rJX cplwS ve f{Gs{@ wsg av? vdhu[$y@ Whpa hg ?pLerji vdhu[ $y RpV%J sj q?"v RpcjMsj idh>Ds{ba[ w'Hg Vhk lqNsj dw dHl av?g@ ;dhiVjwg ba[drb>ejaqw hjl[ df,DA[ dw>Vg qpvjdHqgba@ Viqg ba[ d;>segsg yjha vpwg h'Hg ]@ bduhg yjha dul sg Fp,t lsgrg ]ba[ wsg Vhk dqBsg m q>DB' b;v a'G Fp,tj ] m Rpl sg hi[wwhjSg dry qph,Wa sg fpwji ] m aplk Rpl s[ b>sj; rv VJhujY@ Rph h;ji rji wdh>sj ]@ q{} dHVljVJ Vjv qph,WaVhk H[ m q{G dHw ev[ lC[ wp,Da[ s[ waPi[ Vjv qph,Wa wi vrJej@fi dHVljVJ Vjv Vhk m Rph wh[ej q{} s'lag@ dqhiWjVg@f+[q~dfbji dwl[ $a[ dHaWji Vhk@ q[ij dVhyj@ drLrjl LijW

]@ dHh ai,wgfl.sg \beJhrZPfV| lF Wwrjl ] m q{Gai,wgfl.s Vhk hJ@ q{G q>DB' hJ ba[ LjdHs Rph rg Vhk hJ@Rph dHh lF e,vJ wdh>sj ] m

drtjr[ qjai wsg aphjcj ug ljCV rjla[@ aphj} Z'tjs[S vHg rg Rph dHh lF e,vJ wdh>sj ]& b{fi Rpl sgbJb,tJ wpN h'i wdh>DsgbJ hV m Rpl sg Ùvq wpN h'i wdh>sg] ba[ ljcg ?pLdwlqag ] dw Rpl sg ;pWjV rJX Rpl sg ÙvqRpl s[ wjWP dry Vhk ] m Rph bjfSg dHVljVg hqsisg@bjfSj beJhrZPfV@ bjfSg dHVljVg qph,Wa a[ fisjfjRpS s[ h;ji uaV wisj ]@ bjfS[ b`ljdVbJ RpKfi dHhi>e yC%jMsj ]@ b{fi Rpl sg Ùvq Rpl s[ wjWP dry Vhk] ba[ hi b`ljV[ s[ df,DA[ dHVljVg qph,Wa RpWv RpWv f{Gsg ] m

q>DB' V[ d;.seg s[ dry bjfS[ bjf } q'qg Lq%j rJXiJdfzvjdHbj ]@ Rph RpisP ljdha sj dHw' dHw L.wi ]@ dulV[ d;>seg s[ ;dhi } bjf z'v w[ fga ] ba[ x[i Rpl s[lrjs }@ Rpl s[ i>e } z'v z'v w[ dWbjdVbj ]@ v'w a=dh>Ds[hV@ cis[ hV@ fi Rpl sg f[Lwjig dryvg hÙgÙa ba[ Rplsg lPE sg l,yjHg a'G dHVwji Vhk wi lws[ m ;dhi tjS VjvL.wi sj eÚ u[ Vgvj h' debj lg@ aJ q>DB' V[ rg bjfSgdlha erjHg ] m Rpl sg d;>seg dH>Du{wLVJ sg v'Cr.s h' w[idh eHg lg@ dHh ;dhi q>DB' hg fg lwsj lg h'i w'Hg sPujhp.sj aJ Rpl sj dsqjQ yv uJsj m fi q>DB' s[ dsqjQ V[;dhi } rg h;q wi dvbj m RphVJ sir[LJ rJXiJ u' fdhvJeJu[ a'G LpiP wis[ hV ba[ b?gi dry l.tgbJ tjS ves[ hVba[ l,f a'G bjfSg ;WjV clrjRpS ves[ hV m

q>DB' s[ ljdha sg a[;g a[ ap.sg ba[ Rpl sg ;WjV \W'vg|sg VLai;Vg dHl e,v sg vtjdHw ] dw q>DB' sj ,̀wi bj?igq>;v \fCjb| a[ f,pu yp,wj ] m

_bjh q>DDB'' m´dvfgbJai_f+[q braji i{Sj

lP?q FjrVjrJ s[ l.r[sVLgv LjdHi

f+dq>siugasg Vrk wjdr fplaw

qn qkIAwiPfg f+wjLV@ b>Ddq+ali

qp,t drwi[aj ^

v'wega f+wjLV@ y.cgeC%

VrgbJ fplawJ´ q"a dHw sdibj sg \Vjrv| cj! u'de>si dl>z w{i'G

´ f>ujWg v'wZjij Ljlaig \v'wZjij| cj! u'de>si dl>z w{i'G

´ lpfVj LgLj vdhi \wjdr~l.e+dh| cj! drwiquga

´ dyhdibJ s[ v{Gclw[f \wjdr~l.e+dh| sdr>si fPVgbj

´ wg Qva ] wg lhg \Q;v-da=r[Sg l.e+dh| sdr>si fPVgbj

´ dqie Vj r[yS VjFgbJ \s'h[| LhiIji

´ LgL[ sg uPV \wjdr-l.e+dh| bida>si l.ZP

´ bj q[i[ Vjv e,vJ wi \wjdr~l.e+dh| lpda>si dl>z VPi

´ bjej; a'G f+rj; \wjdr l.e+dh| l.ZP WBjvrg

´ Rpy[ig l'y y.e[ig d;>seg \v[t| cj! bVPf dl>z


ep,NgbJ iq;J LhiIji sgbJbraji dl>z dWdv>e

cj! LhiIji ep,NgbJ iq;J sj LjdHi ] m #w"S bjrj;Jqji[$ a'G Whpa ri%[ qei'G Rpl[ ai; sg LjdHig #dqie Vjr[yS VjFgbJ$ fplaw lj} fC%V } dqvg ] m Rphsg wdrajW'vsg Vhk@ Whpa wpN lpNjMsg ] m b,tJ~w.VJ } y.eg~y.egv,esg@ qV } Bp.Wsg ] m bduhj rjajriV dliusg ] dur[Gw'Hg w"vdiu #wpWvj tjV$ uJ #Wp,tj qvjh$ lpSj dihj h'r[ mq[i[ bvf debjV bVplji Rph f>ujWg sj dHw' dHwih,lrjsg LjdHi ] dul} dwZi'G Q{W'G bjrj;J f{GsgbJidh>sgbJ hV ^

b>Wi WC%wJ qjisj@ Ziag h,l f{GsgB'B[ B'B[ W,svgbJ@ dHw b,Z r,l f{Gsg m

wpN bjrj;J H[l Ziag sgbJ rg hV& Rphs[ b>aigrqV sgbJ rg hV m

f>Ag N.dFbj fRpS sj@ RptC[ ijh dfbjb>si'G rjuJ f{GsgbJ@ dHh Vhk a[ij ijh

wdraj blv dry LWsJ sg t[c ] duhVJ } xCVjl"tj Vhk m dHh qV sg WjSg fC%Vg H[Vg bjljV Vhk m

wvq fHg wjes dfbj Vksi cP.zg rgbyVy[a a=Fwg debj LjdHs w'Hg s'hj lg

dHh spVgbJ } lqN w[ dvtg uJsg ] u' Whpa bsFpa] fi bV't[ } xCVj rg dwhCj lptjvj ] m

spVgbj wg wg lqN'e[@ dHh Whpa bV'tg ]b"tg e,v@ l"tg wdh s[Sg@ cjTg b"tg ] m

dw>N lqN lwJe[ dw RpKcsj f>Ag bjfSj fiAjrJ dwMVjv hg v{ uJsj ] m dHl rS sg bjfSg ldFbaj ]@ dHV%JijhJ s[ bjfS[ ijh hV m dHV%J b>WiJ dry RpKcj f>Ag wHgrjig fRpSJ sj N.dWbj@ RptC[ ijh rg f{ uJsj ] m lPiusj bjfSj r[e ] m h"vg h"vg dVwvsj@ bjfS[ uVq lq[GaJ lpit duhj ds,lsj ]@ x[i agu[ fdhi a,w Rpl r,v s[dtbjVhk uj lwsj m urjVg Tvg a'G rg V;i bjMsj ] m us'GW'v rg daCw[ daCw[ v,es[ hV@ us'G sdibj lp,ws[ lp,wuJs[ hV@ Wjwg w[rv fpv idh uJs[ hV@ Rps'G LWsJ } xCVjqphjv h' uJsj ] m

LWs LPws[ LPws[ vje'G sg v.z ujSwdraj W[qp,t h' eHg@ W[r,l@ LjdHig qjS m

fi bduh[ q"w[ rg LjdHi LjdHig wisj ] m bu[ rgRpl w'v wpN dlti spfdhiJ drhvgbJ hV m

dlti spfdhiJ drhvgbJ@ w[lP dtC dtC ujSujrS rjv[ yv[ eH[@ bjMs[@ bjMdsbJ Hg bjS

rjw hq[Lj wdhS Vj u' dvdtbj@ dvdtbjspVgbj spVgbj Hg idhS s[@ aP. bjfSg Wja lpSj

a[ x[i Rph bjfS[ blqjV dry'G aji[ deSV[ bji.Fds>sj ] u' bl.Fr wjiu ] m dHl vHg wdraj iPfg l'hSg} $rjuJ qjisj ] m

W[sis[ res[ fH[@ ijhrJ s[ sdibjq{G W[r,l hJ l'hSgH[@ aP. bjuj@ bjuj

ljij Hg dsV w.uPdlbj@ ija ija fis[ldwZi'G v{ bj@ wsg aJ@ bjfS[ riej r[l

lq,Ddlbj dHw Vhk m Iojio } dw>u xdCbj ujr[ mligi W[r,l ] m

VwL NpiCgbJ W'y vH[@ h,ls[ h,ls[ qjSduM duM Rpqi epbjysg@ dHLw epbjyg ujS m

fi dHLw WQ{i wdraj w"S wi[ m lpfdVbJ WQ{iLjdHig dwo'G WhpC[ Rph aJ fdhvJ hg l,tS[ hV m

ldqbJ Vjv qph,WaJ@ W[fiagaj i'euSj tSj r[t[ Vhk@ w'yigbJ s[ F'e

wrg wpN f>t[iPbJ } u' bjfS[ v,es[ hV@ } xCV sgw'dLL hg wi lwsj ] m w'yigbJ ws'G F'e wisgbJ hV@dHh s[tSj aJ Whpa qpLwv ]@ Rpl sg hjva aJ bduh[W,Dy[ rieg ]@ dul w'v&

Vj fa.e a[ Vj hrj@ a[ Vj Ldhi vh"iW,yj v{ w[ tC%j ]@ f>u l,a e; sg c'i

bduh[ q"w[ LjdHi } fdhvg hjw f{Gsg ]-LjdHig sgbjrj;&

lpfV[ AJB dihj wg r[tJ@ resg Vsg u[hgdHl q"lq dry@ aCwlji@ fdhvg bjrj; fHg


x[i Rph spVgbj } lqNS sj uaV wisj ] m b"tge,v wdhSg yjhp.sj ] fi Iojio } xC[ dwr[G (

fpv a'G v.zdsbJ v.zdsbJ@ vje'G v.dzbj w"Ssq s[ sq@ wpN dvLdwbj@ Vsg api fHg e"S m

bduhg LjdHig } tigdsbj rg Vhk uj lwsj mbjrj;J s[ Np.c dry'G Wjhi bjRpSj rg bjljV Vhk&

Vsg dwVji[ Vdhi sj q{G l`i lqN apdibjlqN Vj bjHg rju sg #r[ qpdCbj qpdCbj$

h,ldsbJ h,ldsbJ dce fH[@ f>u l,a b,oiP rglqN Vj ldwbj bjf hg@ dHh wg lg@ dHh wg

bduhg Rpcgw dry hg d;>seg ep;i uJsg ]@

yC%V dAfS sg t[c lg@ lpZ WpZ Vhk ihgdli` RpcgwJ NjegbJ@ Rpqi epbjy eHg

Rph rg v'wJ rJe hg@ y'i Y v'w' y'iiJNj dr>hsj idh debJ@ hgi v{ eH[ h'i

iju Rphg iju[ Rphg RphgRp spVg uhjVhi rjig ]ijV hJ@ dwM h'dHM ]ijV

RpGN Whpa[i[ LWs V[@ LWs w'L s[ w'vliwjiJ s[ bjdtbJ@ LjdHi Vj W'vS W'v

dH>u LhiIji sg dHh LjdHig r,tigbJ f{CJ dliusg] m dul bVplji dqie bjfSgbJ VjFgbJ Vhk r[ys[ m q'iJV[ Fvj bjfS[ t>F rg ws[ r[y[ hV ( lsgbJ rg api uJsgbJhV ba[ WsgbJ rg Vhk idh>sgbJ m fi dWwiq a[ W[ajvdHw,Dn[ apis[ idh>Ds[ hV m liwjiJ Wjzg fjMsgbJidhSegbJ W[L,w lCwJ ?PV'~?PV hp.sgbJ idhS m dH>uLdhiIji sg wdraj } v'wZjij@ ldFbjyji@ dHdahjl@dqdohjl@ v'w ugrV ba[ qV sg dW+oj a'G bv,e Vhk wgajuj lwsj m lF wpN dHl dry lqjdHbj ] dur[G lev sPZq[G zgbj ba[ dHh ljig Rpls[ s'h[ sg wijqja ] m s'hj@u' s' laig upea ]@ dHl fplaw dry Fjr sg H[wajf+eBjMsj@ Whpa wpN wdh debj ] m LhiIji sj ih,lrjs/dul s[ bio hi[w fjnw vHg r,ti[ h' lws[ V[ m

´

y.s[ l.W.Zg r[irj

q{e;gV wpv A'B aphj} aplkwgqa f+agLa xjdHsj dsRpe[ipf{ ipf{ ipf{

10 200 15% 30 170

25 500 20% 100 400

50 1000 25% 300 750

dHLdahji s[S l.W.Zg r[irj

i>esjiBjHgBv W{w 10000 ipf{BjHgBv b>sirji 5000 ipf{

Wv{w b{Gc rjH%gBBjHgBv b>sirji 3000 ipf{bjq fPij f>Vj 2000 ipf{b,Zj f>Vj 1000 ipf{y"ojHg f>Vj 500 ipf{

y.sj h[n dvt[ fa[ a[ F[dubj ujr[Ajoke SHILALEKH

43, Guru Tegh Bahadur Nagar,

P.O. Khalsa College,

Amritsar.

y.sj qVgbjici uJ W{Gw cij`B ijhk F[dubjuj lwsj ] m Vjv bjfSj fPij faj lj` lj`dvt w[ Rpfi'wa fa[ $a[ F[u' m


dHl a'G fdhvJ blk v{rg la=jl ba[ I,w sigsj Wji[ e,v widsbJ RpV%J s[ xvl [̀ Wji[ fjnwJ Vjv dryji

lJN[ wga[ lV m dHl rji f[L ] f+dl,Z FjLj drdebjVg

xisgV.s ljdlRpiu'de>si dl>z w{i'G

xisgV.s s ljdlRpi 26 Vr.Wi 1857 dry ldrB;iv{Gcdry uV[rj drt[ uVdqbj m ljdlRpi sj fdirji laji%rk lsgdry ìJl a'G fvjdHV wiw[ Rpl lq[G uV[rj dry bj debjus ìJl dry f+'B{lB{GB dryjiZjij rjdvbJ RpKfi bdabjyjih' ih[ lV m

ljdlRpi dHw bduh[ tjVsjV dry f{sj h'dHbj dul sjdfA'wC drsrjVJ@ drdebjVgbJ ba[ d`vjlìJ Vjv upCsjlg m Rpl sj sjsj dVw'vl ogYc'i \Nicolas-Theodore 1767-1845| dHw F"daw drdebjVg@ iljdHS Ljlaig@ f+dwiagrjsglg u' dw uV[rj IPVgridlBg dry FP~drdebjV ba[ tdSudrdebjV sj f+'̀ {li lg m

WyfV dry ljdlRpi } Rpl lq[G s[ f+dl,Z FjLj~drdebjVgb{c'v` dfwB[B Adolphe Pictet \1799-1875| dBRPLVfC%jMsj dihj lg m dHl[ vHg f>siJ ljvJ sg Rpqi dry hgRpl V[ FjLj dry dsvylfg v{Sg LpiP wi ds,ag m

ljdlRpi V[ bjfS[ ugrV dry w[rv dHw hg fplawdvtg m Rph rg us Rph drdsbjiog lg m dHh dwajW Rpl V[dH,wg ljvJ sg Rpqi dry f+wjdLa wirjHg m dHh fplaw=̀Jlglg FjLj dry lg dul sj l..W.Z dH>Dc'~I'ifgbV FjLjrJ

dry drb>uV \Vowel| dllBq Vjv lg m dHl dry Rpl V[ dHhdl,Z wgaj dw dH>Dc'~I"ifgbV FjLjrJ dry drb>uV da>V Vhkle'G f>u hV m us VrgbJ awVgwJ Vjv Rpl sj dHh sjbrjdl,Z h' debj aJ dHh dHw qgv~f,oi ljdWa h'dHbj m ljdlRpi} rghrk lsg s[ FjLj~drdebjV ba[ dyhV~drdebjV sjdfajqj q>DdVbj uJsj ] m Rpl s[ dlZJaJ ba[ dryjiJ VjvfPig qjVraj sg l'y dry dHVwvjWg f+Fjr dfbj m

Rpl sj fPij Vjq xisgV.s q'de>V s ljdlRpi lg m RplV[ wpN s[i v{dBV@ eigw ba[ l.ld*a sg fC%jHg a'G WjbsuV[rj sg IPVgridlBg a'G wHg w'il wiV Rpfi.a 1876 dryv[Hgfd;e \Leipzig| IPVgridlBg a'G epi{uPH[LV fjl wgag m Rpla'G Wjbs Rph WidvV dry fC%V yvj debj m duo[ Rpl V[l.ld*a FjLj RpKfi bjfSg fgb{y!cg! sj ogdll dvdtbj ba[dceig hjdlv wgag m ljdlRPi V[ uV[rj IPVgridlBg dry dH,wgljv l.ld*a fC%jHg dul a'G dHh e,v ljdWa hp.sg ] dw Rphdu,Do[ l.ld*a FjLj sj drsrjV lg Rpo[ Rph l.ld*a dryh'HgbJ FjLj l.W.Zg t'uJ a'G rg Fvg FJa ujSP lg m Rpl V[Fjiag wjdr-Ljlai } rg ;iPi fdC%bj h'r[ej m dul dry

LWs sgbJ bdFsj@ v,wLSj ba[ drb>uVj riegbJ LwagbJWji[ rg s,Ddlbj h'dHbj ] m dul dry LWs s[ bioJ } w,TSba[ lqNS sgbJ IpeaJ s,lgbJ eHgbJ hV dw dwr[G blkus LWs dry'G dl,DZ[ bio w,Ts[ hJ aJ dHh bdFsj Lwag] m us blk dwl[ } dHh wdh>Ds[ hJ@ ujh RpH[ t'dabj aJ ljc[qV b>si W.s[ ba[ t'a[ Wji[ FiJag f{sj h' uJsg ] m blk l'ys[hJ dw t'aj aJ dHw ujVri ]@ dul sgbJ yji v,aJ s' r,Dc[w.V ba[ fPA hp.sg ] m fi dHh W.sj aJ s' v,aJ ba[ s' WjhrJrjvj ugr ] m dxi blk bioJ Wji[ v,tS vejMs[ hJ dwdHl W.s[ sgbJ bjsaJ t'a[ riegbJ hV dHl vHg dHl }t'aj dwhj debj ] m

dH>u us blk fav[ duh[ wq;'i drbwag } dHh wdh>Ds[hJ@ bjY ) FvrjV ug ) aJ rg blk bioJ Wji[ Fiq~Fpv[t[dry f{ uJs[ hJ dw dHh W.sj qjCP duhj ] dxi FvrjV dwr[Gh'dHbj m fi drb>uVJ Lwag ijhg lj} faj ve uJsj ] dHhLWs drb>e drZg uJ q?"v Vjv wh[ eH[ hV m

dHl ai%J ljdlRPi } l.ld*a FjLj dry LWs s[ f{sjh'S a'G v{ w[ W'vJ a,w fhp.yS sgbJ fij@ fdLb>ag@ W{tig ba[qZqj sgbJ brlojrJ sj rg debjV h'r[ej ] m dHl vHgljdlRPi s[ l.iyVjaw FjLj drdebjV sg Rpljig dry l.ld*adryvgbJ FjLj Wji[ t'uJ V[ rg WCj I'esjV fjdHbj h'r[ej mdHh rg dwhj uJsj ] dw ljdlRPi Rpfi Wp,Z s[ dryjiJ sjrg Whpa f+Fjr lg m

Whpa lji[ drsrjVJ sj dryji ] dw ljdlRpi s[ FjLjl.W.Zg dlZJaJ ba[ dryjiJ sgbJ uC%J l.ld*a LjlaigbJ s[FjLj drdebjV dry hg hV@ ?jl wiw[ fjdSVg s[ w.q dry mLjdHs dHh rg wjiV h' lwsj ] dw Rpl V[ Wjbs dry bjfw'Hg rg fplaw f+wjdLa Vhk wirjHg le'G Rpl sg q"a a'GWjbs Rpl s[ drdsbjiog yjivl W{vg \Charles Bally) ba[bvWiB l[y[hjdHbj \Albort Sechehaya| V[ Rpl s[ RpV%J V'BlJduhC[ RpV%J V[ wvjl dry ljdlRPi s[ ds,Da[ FjLVJ a'G dabjiwga[ lV@ dHw,ai wiw[ f+wjdLa wirjHgbJ m Rpl sg q"a \22ìrig@ 1913| a'G da>V ljv Wjbs 1916 dry dHh fplawf+wjdLa wirjHg m dul sj Vjq Cours de linguistiquegenerale (Course in General Linguistics) lg m 1928 a'G1988 a,w dHh fplaw spVgbJ sgbJ lajiJ FjLjrJ drybVprjs h' yp,wg lg m fi.aP@ f>ujWg sg Wsdwlqag ] dw bu[


aw dHh f>ujWg FjLj dry bVprjs Vhk h' lwg@ Fjr[G f>ujWgdrsrjV ljdlRpi s[ FjLj Wji[ l.wvfJ@ dlZJaJ ba[ dryjiJa'G ujSP rg hV ba[ RpV%J } bjfS[ bdZb{V sj t[ai rg WSjih[ hV m

ljdlRpi sg qh,arfPiV t'u dyhV \Sign| ] m Rpl V[ dHhrg sjbrj wgaj ] dw us'G fdhv[ fdhv FjLj h'Gs dry bjHg@IVg us lF a'G fdhvJ dyhV h'Gs dry bjdHbj aJ w'Hg rgbjrj; uJ bjrj;J sj lqPh \dyhVw| dul dyhV ijhk dwl[rg l.wvf \dyhVa| \dul } dyhV ijhk siljdHbj debj|} f+eBjRpS vHg ypdSbj debj Rph' hg Rpl rlaP uJ l.wvfsj Vjq WS debj m Rpl sj dryji ]@ dH>u rlaP uJ l.wvfs[ Vjq uJ dyhV sj l.W.Z bjfhpsij \Arbitrary| ] m dHlbjfhpsi[fV sg RpsjhiS s[GdsbJ Rpl sj dryji ] dw us'Gl.lji sgbJ r,t~r,t FjLjrJ h'Gs dry bjHgbJ aJ qVp,t V[RpV%J V[ f+eBjb vHg r,Dt'~r,Dti[ dyhVJ \Sign| } ria'G drydvbJsj m dH>u r,t~r,t dyhVwJ sj r,t~r,t dyhVaJ Vjvl.W.Z u'dCbj m dHl vHg u[wi dyhVJ sj l.W.Z rlaJ ba[l.wvfJ Vjv bjfhpsij Vj hp.sj aJ lji[ l.lji sg FjLj dHw'hg hp.sg m dxi rg Fjr[G dHh l.W.Z bjfhpsi[ hV fi.aP@ dHwFjLj sg ria'G wiV rjdvbJ rjla[ dHh l.W.Z bjfhpsi[ Vhkhp.s[ dwMu' FjLj sg ria'G widsbJ dHh l.W.Z H[V[ f,Dw[ h' uJs[hV dw dHV%J } Wsdvbj Vhk uj lwsj m u[wi dH>u h' lwsjhp.sj aJ hi w'Hg bjfSj hg dyhV WSj v{Gsj a[ bjfSg hgFjLj dliu v{Gsj m

ljdlRpi sg f,wg ZjiVj ] dw dyhV sj dyhVa Vjvf,wj fgcj diLaj hp.sj ] dul } Wsdvbj Vhk uj lwsj mfi.aP@ Rpl V[ dHh dryji rg ds,Da[ dw fpijS[ ljHgVJ s[ bjZjiRpKfi Vr[G bioJ sg dliuSj rg wgag uJsg ] m dur[G b>ei[;gs[ LWs qjRPl sj bio yPhj dHw ugr ] m fi.aP@ us dHl} w.dfRPBi s[ dHw fpiu[ qjRPl s[ bioJ dry dvbj ujr[ejaJ Rph fpijSj dyhV hg Vr[G bio s[S v,e fr[ej m dHh IpeadyhVw ba[ dyhVa s[ diLa[ } Wsv w[ Vr[G bio f{sj wisg] m Rpl s[ dryji dry dHh rg dyhV sj bjfhpsijfS hg]@ u' bjfS[ bjf bioJ } Wsv dihj ] m dH>u dHhbjfhpsi[fS sj lpbjv WCj B[Tj ] m ljdlRpi FjLj } s'aigdwbJ Vjv bdZb{V wiV sg lvjh s[Gsj ] m dHw ]Synchronous = Same time wCgsji ba[ sPuj ]@ Diachronous= Through time vCgsji m dHl vHg dwhj uj lwsj ] dwljdlRPi sg dsvylfg dHl e,v dry Vhk dw w'Hg lqju uJFjHgyjij dyhVw ba[ dyhVa sj bjflg l.W.Z dwr[G u'Csj] uJ Rpl s[ bio } dwr[G Wsvsj ] m Rph rg Wjwgl.iyVjrjsgbJ rJe FjLj s[ fPiWv[ dHdahjl ba[ Fdr,trjygl.FjrVjrJ r,v dZbjV Vj s[ w[@ FjLj s[ dHw f+W.Z uJ l.iyVjrJe a,awjvw fvJ \Present Moment| dry wCgsji \|l.W.ZJ dry bdZb{V wisj Rph dHl[ f+W.Z uJ l.iyVj dry

hg RpV%J WsvjrJ s[ dHdahjl sg fAjS widsbJ RpV%J vCgsi\Diachronic| l.W.ZJ sg l.debj s[Gsj ] dur[G dHl RpsjhiSdry r[dtbj uj lwsj ] m u[wi dHl dry blk H[!Wg! ba[lg! } fC% ih[ h'rJe[ aJ dHh wCgsji l.W.Z hV ba[ u[wi12 13 ba[ 14 } fC%Je[ aJ dHh vCgsji l.W.Z h'Se[ m

ljdlRPi du,Do[ dyhV sj l.W.Z dyhVa Vjv bjf hpsijs,lsj ] m Rpo[ Rph dyhV sg dHw h'i drL[Laj rg s,lsj ]dw W'v~dyhV sg h'Gs BjHgq dry hg ]@ ba[ BjHgq } \Linear|i[twg dsLj dry hg dedSbj uj lwsj ] m Rpl sj wdhS sjFjr ] dw aplk s' LWs dHw' r[v[ hg Vhk W'v lws[@ aphj}dHw a'G Wjbs sPuj LWs RpyjiVj fr[ej m dHh' dVIq dvtaRpfi rg vjeP hp.sj ]@ aplk bjf a"i $a[ dl,ZgbJ vjHgVJ dryhg dvts[ h' ba[ dvts[ rg dHw dHw LWs wiw[ h' m

dHh dryji dHl vHg rg qh,arfPiV ] dwMdw dHhsiljMsj ] dw FjLj i[twg wCgsji Ipea Vjv yvsg h'HgbjfS[ a,aJ sg l.evg \Chain| WVjMsg ] m dur[G dHw LWsa'G Wjbs sPuj LWs ba[ dxi aguj LWs bjMsj ] ba[ dHhlji[ LWs dHw sPu[ Vjv upC[/W,DN[ rg hp.s[ hV m

dyhV l.wvf ba[ bjrj;~dyai s[ lqp[v a'G WdSbj hp.sj] m dHl vHg dHV%J } r,t~r,t Vhk wgaj uj lwsj@ dHh dHV%Js[ lpu'C dry'G hg bio e+dhS wisj ] m dH>u ljdlRPi sj dryji] dw \Sound image| bjrj; ZpVg~dyai dyhVw \Signifier|] ba[ l.wvf \Concept| Signified Fjr Rph rlaP dul }w'Hg dyhV dyhVa wi dihj ] m Rpl sj bio ] m

dyhV ba[ l.wvf br.c hV@ dur[G wjQ; s[ s'r[G fjl[dHw sPu[ Vjv upC[ hp.s[ hV@ dHl[ ai%J dyhV ba[ dryji dHwsPu[ Vjv upC[ idh>Ds[ hV m Rph s,ls[ hV dw dyhV sPu[ dyhVJs[ f+l.e dry hg bjfSg r,tiaj wjiV r,ti[ bio f{sj wis[hV m dur[G Rph b>ei[;g s[ LWs v[w \Lake| W[w \Bake| B[w\Take| ba[ x[w \Fake| sgbJ RpsjhiSJ s[ w[ lf,LB wis[hV dw Fjr[G dHV%J LWsJ s[ w[rv fdhv[ b,ti hg r,t~r,thV fi.aP@ dHV%J s[ bio r,Dt' r,ti[ hV m

ljdlRPi s[ bVplji dryji/drr[w \thought| bqPia hp.sj] ba[ dHl[ dryji/W'Z \Idea| sg ep.Nv V[ wHg lsgbJ a'Gdxvjl`iJ ba[ drsrjVJ } RpvNS dry fjdHbj h'dHbj ] dwdHh W'Z FjLj a'G WQ{i h'Gs dry bj rg lwsj ] uJ Vhk (ljdlRPi sj dryji ] dw FjLj a'G fdhvJ dwl[ dryji/W'Z sgh'Gs hg Vhk m FjLj hg dwl[ dryji sg WSai } WSjMsg ]ba[ Rpl } f+eBjRpS s[ I'e rg WSjMsg ] m ljdlRPi sg dHl[ZjiVj dw dryji sg FjLj a'G WQ{i w'Hg h'Gs Vhk@ wiw[ RphFjLj } w'Hg n'l rlaP Vhk q>Vsj le'G dHl } iPf \Form|l.iyVj \Structure| ba[ f+W.Z \System| ru'G q>Vsj ] m dur[GfdhvJ s,Ddlbj debj ] Rph dryji ba[ bjrj; } wjQ; s[dl,DZ[ ba[ fp,Dn[ fjl[ hg q>Vsj ] m Rph wdh>sj ] dw aplk RpV%J} r,ti[~r,ti[ fAjS aJ lws[ h' fi.aP@ RpV%J } r,t~r,t Vhk


wi lws[ mdHl vHg FjLj dHw filfi~dViFiaj sj riajij ]@

dul dry LWsJ s[ bio sPu[ LWsJ sg h'Gs Vjv bjflg l.W.ZJdry'G hg Rpujei hp.s[ hV m bu[hg f+dwdibj dry'G hg LWsbjfSj lqjuw qp,v e+dhS wis[ hV m Rpl s[ dryji dryLWs~qp,v Rph ] dul } lJN[ lqju V[ bio r,DB[ \WijWi|i,Ddtbj hp.sj ] m duhCj dyhVw ba[ dyhVa s[ lpu'C a'G WSsj] m fi.aP@ dyhV sj qp,v dli` dyhVw hg dVldya Vhk wisjle'G dyhVJ s[ lji[ f+W.Z dry duhCj qp,v lji[ lqju V[ ivw[ ds,aj hp.sj ] m Rph qp,v Rpl[ Rpfi hg dViZjia hp.sj ] mbio~qp,v \Value| FjLj f+W.Z s[ a,aJ sgbJ s' apvVjaqwdwlqJ@ dri'Zg a,aJ uJ lqjV a,aJ sg bjflg apvVj ba[rBJsi[ Vjv WSsj ] m dur[G fdhvJ dri'Zg yg;J sg bjflgapvVj uJ rBJsij@ sPuj lqjV yg;J sg bjflg apvVJ uJrBJsij m dHl } lqNjRpS vHg Rph dl,Dw[/qpsij sg RpsjhiSs[Gsj ] m dur[G dHw ipf{ sj qp,v s' bdnbjVgbJ@ yji ypbjVgbJuJ sl sl[ uJ l" f{l[ ] m dHV%J ljdibJ } dHw ipf{ Vjv apvVjrg ds,ag uj lwsg ] ba[ dHV%J sj bjfl dry rBJsij rgwgaj uj lwsj ] m dH>u dHw ipf{ } lqjV dl,Dw[/rlaPbJ dryrg rBjdHbj uj lwsj ] ba[ h'i rlaPbJ dur[G `v@ lW;gbJuJ dWlwpB bjds dry rg m

LWsJ sj rg dHh' riajij ]@ dHV%J } rg FjV rJe lqjVLWsJ dry FVjdHbj uj lwsj ] ba[ r,ti[ LWsJ dry rg@dur[G blk b>ei[;g s[ LWs B=g } ip,t@ si,?a@ dWiA bjds VjvrBj lws[ hJ m dHl vHg dHh dllBq hg ] duhCj qp,v dliusj] ba[ rBJsi[ sj ijh t'v%sj ] m dHw dyhVw LWs uJ dl,Dw[rJe us'G dHw,vj dyadrbj uJsj ] aJ Rpl s[ bjfS[ dyhVaVjv lgqa l.W.Z hp.s[ hV m fi.aP@ us'G Rpl } dllBq sj FjelqdNbj uJsj ] aJ Rph dyhVw sPu[ dyhVwJ sg l.ea dryWhp~l.W.Zg dyhV h' uJsj ] m dwl[ f+W.Z \System| drydyhVwJ sj bjflg l.W.Z WCj qh,arfPiV ] dHh' l.W.Z hg qp,vRpujei wis[ hV@ dHl vHg hi[w dyhVw sj f+W.Z dry hgbio WSsj ]@ dHl vHg Vhk dw Rph dwl[ dyhVa Vjv updCbjh'dHbj ] m le'G dHl wiw[ ] dw Rph f+W.Z dryv[ RpV%J dyhVwJriej Vhk@ dHl vHg r,ti[fV sj lpbjv tCj hp.sj ] m dur[GdW,vg dHl wiw[ dW,vg ] dw Rph dW,vj@ Wjv@ dW,v@ W'v uJ W{vVhk m

dHl sg ?PWlPia RpsjhiS w.dfRPBi sg FjLj ;gi' r.Vdry r[tg uj lwsg ] m r.V s[ bio dHl vHg hV dw dHh ;gi'Vhk ba[ ;gi' sg wgqa dHl vHg ] dw dHh r.V Vhk m

dyhV bjfSj qp,v lqjuw ria'G dry e+dhS wis[ hV mdwMdw fPi[ lqju s[ dHw bds,t liW lJN[ lqN"a[ ijhk LWsJ/dyhVJ s[ bjfS[ bio/qp,v dVLdya wga[ hp.s[ hV m

ljdlRPi RpV%J drsrjVJ s[ dryjiJ } rg i,s wisj ]duV%J sj dryji lg dw FjLj s[ LWs ujVriJ uJ rlaPbJ

sgbJ bjrj;J bVplji WS[ hV m dur[G wJ@ wJ~wJ wisj ] dHlvHg Rplsj Vjq wJ f{ debj m uJ dyCg yk yk wisg ] dHlvHg Rpl sj Vjq dyCg ]@ dW,vg dW,vgbJ b,tJ wiw[ ba[ dqbjRPGdqbjRPG wiV wiw[ qjS' dW,vg h' eHg m

ljdlRpi V[ FjLj l.W.Zg dHh h'i duhCj r,cj dHVwvjWgdryji ds,aj@ Rph lg v{Ge (Langue) FjLj ba[ f{i'v (Parole)W'v/fjn sj m v{Ge a'G Rpl sj Fjr ] dw hi drbwag s[ dsqjedry l.W.dZa lqju dryv[ LWsJ@ dyhVJ@ riajdibJ@ldFbjyjiw dVIqJ/l.sJ@ qVp,tg lpFjb s[ ragdibJ@ rlaPbJsj dHw lqp,yj F.cji dfbj hp.sj ] m dHw aigw[ Vjv LWsJ/bioJ ba[ l.wvfJ sg fPig dcwLVig \w'L| uJ dHVljHgwv'-fgcgbj \drLr~w'L| Rpl s[ dsqje dry hp.sj ] m hi drbwagbjfS[ dHl w'L uJ drLr~w'L } hi lq[G VdrbjMsj idh>sj] m u[wi Rpl } dwl[ l.wvf uJ bio sj debjV Vhk hp.sj aJRph Rplsg ujSwjig sPdubJ fjl'G rg v{Gsj idh>sj ] m bjfS[dHl F.cji[ dry'G us Rph rjwJ sgbJ vCgbJ W'vsj uJ dvtafjn sgbJ wCgbJ WSjMsj ] aJ Rph dHw ai%J Vjv dHwf{i'v WSj dihj hp.sj ]@ u' dw Rpl sj dV,ug hp.sj ] m dH>u blkwdh lws[ hJ dw v{Ge dwl[ lqPh sg lJNg fP>ug hp.sg ] ba[ f{i'vhi dwl[ sg r,tig ba[ dV,ug hp.sg ] m

RpsjhiS vHg f>ujWg FjLj dry b>ei[;g s[ LWs B=g vHgip,t@ si,?a@ dWiA bjds y,vs[ hV m hpS us w'Hg bjfSg f{i'vWSjMdsbJ dHh wh[ej dw ##q{G us'G zi'G apdibjj aJ eiqgWhpag lg@ dHl vHg q{G wpN zCgbJ dHw ip,t h[n W{n debj m$$

dHl drbwag sg WSjHg dHl f{i'v a'G lj} dHh lPyVjdqv lwsg ] dw dHl drbwag sj l.W.Z f[GcP dfA'wC Vjv ] mu[wi w'Hg drbwag LWs ip,t sg oJ si,?a W'vsj aJ blklqN uJs[ dw dHl W.s[ sj dfA'wC RpisP `jilg rjvj rjvj]@ u[wi Rph ip,t sg oJ dWiA W'vsj aJ lqdNbj uJsj dw dHhdh>sg dfA'wC rjvj W.sj ] m dHl aigw[ Vjv f{i'v ijhk qVp,ts[ dsqje a,w fhp.y wgag uj lwsg ] m

ljdlRpi sg ZjiVj dHh ] dw FjLj sj rg iljdHSdrdebjV rJe dHl s[ qp,DTv[ a,aJ s[ bjflg l.W.ZJ sg IpearJe dHw f+W.Z ru'G bdZb{V wgaj uj lwsj ] m dHl sgRpsjhiS Rph dyhV s[ iPf dry s[Gsj ] m duhCj dw dyhVw\u' dw dyhVa s[ bioJ } s[ dihj ]| ba[ dyhdVa \u' blvdry ] s[ bjflg l.W.ZJ } ujS w[ hg lqdNbj uj lwsj ] m|dur[G dvta uJ W'v dry LWs wp,aj ] m us blk dvta dryw,Dw[ } b"GwC ba[ a,a[ } w.VJ wp,aj fC%s[ hJ aJ ljc[ dsqjedry Rpl ujVri sg alrgi RpFisg ]@ dul sgbJ yji v,aJ@s' w.V ba[ fPA hp.sg ] ba[ duhCj F"Gwsj ] m wqjv sg e,vdHh ] dw ljc[ dsqje dry wp,aj W'vS uJ dvtS r[v[ Rph' wp,Da[hg ljc[ dsqje dry bjRpSe[ duhC[ d;.seg dry blk r[t[ h'H[hV m hpS dHw f[GcP W.s[ s[ dsqje dry RpV%J wp,DdabJ sg alrgibjH[eg duhC[ Rpl V[ df>cJ dry v.ci wp,Da[ r[t[ h'Se[ m Rpl s[


dsqje dry wp,DdabJ sgb Rph VlvJ Vhk bjRpSegbJ duV%J} e'igbJ q[qJ e'sgbJ dry dWnjHg i,tsgbJ hV m hpS dvdtbjh'dHbj LWs wp,aj blv dry wp,aj aJ ] Vhk m dHh dli` wp,Da[ujVri sj dvta dyhV ] m duhCj dHl sj l.W.Z ugMs[ujes[ wp,Da[ Vjv WSjMsj ] uJ dwhj uj lwsj ] dHh wp,Da[sj dvta dyhV ] u' duMs[ ujes[ wp<Da[ } dyhVa wi dihj ] m

dHo'G hg fjnw sj Rph i'v LpiP hp.sj ]@ dul } bjZpdVwbjv'yVj dry dwl[ fjn s[ bdZb{V } fjnw r,Dv'G fpVi~dliuSj\Rewriting| dwhj debj ] m Fjr us w'Hg fjnw dwl[ Vjrv@whjSg uJ wdraj dry LWs tPh fC%sj ] aJ Rpl s[ dsqjedry tPh sj Rph dy,ai RpFisj ] duhCj Rpl V[ bjf r[dtbjhp.sj ] m Vj dw dul sj d;wi v[tw wi dihj ] m dH>u fjnwdwl[ fjn } fC%V lq[G bjf rg bjfS[ dyhVJ ijhk dHw r,tijfjn rg dabji wi dihj hp.sj ] m usdw ljdlRPi V[ dHh ljWawi ds,aj dw FjLj dyhVJ sj hg dHw f+W.Z \System| ] aJb,De[ l.iyVj sj lpbjv tCj h' debj dwMdw duo[ dllBqh'r[ej Rpo[ l.iyVj h'r[eg m dllBq dry r,t~r,t a,a bjfS[dllBq s[ sPu[ a,aJ sg l.ea dry hg bjfS[ bio e+dhS wis[hV m dllBq lr{~yjvw \Self regulating| hp.sj ] m dHl vHgduhVJ a,aJ sj bjflg l.W.Z hp.sj ] RpV%j s[ RpV%J sj lqp,Dy[f+W.Z Vjv rg Vjaj updCbj idh>sj ] m

ljdlRPi s[ dHV%J dryjiJ dw dyhVJ s[ bjflg l.W.ZJ Rpfihg dwl[ dllBq sg l.iyVJ Rplisg ] } bjZji q>V w[ sPu[ Whpalji[ drsrjVJ V[ rg r,t~r,t t[aiJ dry dHl[ drZg Vjv wjiubji.F wgaj m duV%J dry ljdha bjv'yVj sj t[ai ba[ h'ilqju drdebjV s[ rg drsrjV wjiuLgv h' eH[ m duV%JdrsrjVJ@ s[ Vjq dHl l.W.Z dry vH[ uj lws[ hV RpV%J dryi'vJ Wjia@ u,w vjwJ wvjc v[rg laijl@ e+[qjl ba[ uPvgbjwi,lagrj sj drL[L d;wi wgaj uj lwsj ] m duV%J V[ *qrjiljdha bdZb{V@ `vl`j qV'-drLv[LS ba[ qjVr~drdebjVdry l.iyVjaqw dwlq sj bdZb{V widsbJ spVgbJ } dHwVrk ds=LBg ds,ag m dHV%J dry duo[ i'vJ Wjia V[ ljdhawiyVjrJ } dyhVjaqw drZg Vjv lqNS sj IaV wgaj Rpo[v[rg~laijl V[ qjVr~drdebjV s[ t[ai dry ljdlRPi sgbJv,FaJ rJe l.iyVjaqw-qjVr-drdebjV sg IpeabfVjMdsbJ@ dHh dlZJa f[L wgaj dw qVp,tg drhji } rgFjLj rJe l.iyVjaqw drZg Vjv lqdNbj uj lwsj ] m RplV[ wpN wWgdvbJ sgbJ dq,oJ sj l.iyVjaqw drZg VjvbdZb{V wiV sj IaV rg wgaj ba[ bjfSj WjHgVigbf';gLV sj xjiqPvj@ H[ dH; BP Wg b{; lg dH; BP cg f[Lwgaj@ dul sgbJ RpsjhiSJ dLvjv[t s[ dfAv[ b>w dryds,agbJ eHgbJ hV m Rpl sg dHh e,v Rps'G Fjr[G ngw Vhk lgq>Vg uJsg fi.aP@ hpS ngw dl,Z h' ihg ] m rghrk lsg s[ fdhv[b,Z dry ljdlRPi s[ l.iyVjaqw FjLj~drdebjV V[ l.ljif,Zi s[ drsrjVJ } f+Fjdra wgaj m dH>u IPif ba[ bqigwj

dry bj;jsjVj iPf dry s' dryjiZjij RpFigbJ@ IPif dryfije lwPv V[ drL[L wjiu wgaj@ dul dry dVw'vjdHB=,DW;w'dH q'hig lV m bqigwj dry V"q yqlwg V[ dHV%JbjZjiJ Rpfi bjfS[ bdZb{V } b,De[ a'dibj m

dul FjLj l.wvf } ljdlRPi v{Ge ba[ f{i'v dry r.c w[s[ts[ lV@ V"urjV bqigwg FjLj Ljlaig V"q y"qlwg Rpl }\Competence and Performance| Fjr I'eaj ba[ dVFjbVjv l.W'ZV wis[ hV m I'eaj Rph ] dul } ljdlRPi v{Ge IjVgdsqje sj drLr w'L wdh>sj ]@ dHl I'eaj dry'G w'Hg WpvjijuJ dvtjig bjfSg f{i'v Fjr dvtS ba[ W'vS lq[G dVFjMsj] m us ljdlRPi V[ dyhV } dwl[ FjLj \ds,Da[ lq[G dry ds,agFjLj| sj qp,Tvj a,a \Basic Unit| dVLdya wgaj aJ dHl }drdebjV sj siuj dqv debj m dwMdw dHh lqdNbj uJsj] dw drdebjV wpN dVLdya dVIqJ bVplji wjiuLgv hp.s[hV ba[ RpV%J sg l.iyVj RpV%J s[ qp,Tv[ a,aJ s[ bjflg lpq[vba[ dxi RpV%J a,aJ s[ lqp,Dy[ f+W.Z s[ lpq[v a'G WSsg ] m

dur[G iljdHS drdebjV dry s' qjvgdwRPv hjHgci'uVba[ dHw qjvgdwRPv bjwlguV } dqvj dsY aJ fjSg \H2

O|WS uJsj ] m dHh fjSg sg l.iyVj ] m dHl vHg us blk fjSgs[ iPf ba[ l.iyVj sj dVt[Cj ws[ hJ aJ blk wdh>Ds[ hJ dwfjSg s[ da>V Fj` \hrj| aiv \fjSg| ba[ r'l \Wix| iPf hV m

fi.aP@ us blk H2O sg e,v wiJe[ dul dry s' a,a

hjHgci'uV ba[ dHw a,a bjwlguV ] aJ dHh fjSg sgl.iyVj ] m us ljc[ ljhqS[ dHh lpbjv bjMsj ] dw usblk dwl[ f+W.Z sg l.iyVj Wsv s[Gs[ hJ aJ Rpl sgdleVgxgw{Gl \bio| Wsv uJsg ] m dHl vHg u[wi blk s'qjvgdwRPv hjHgci';V s[ Vjv s' bjwlguV s[ wi s[rJe[ aJdHh fjSg Vhk ih[ej@ dHh hjHgci'uV fib"wljHgc WSujr[eg m dHh' riajij FjLj dry rg riasj ] us blkW'vgbJ uJ dvtgbJ ZpVgbJ sg aiagW Wsv s[Gs[ hJ Rpl s[bio rg Wsv uJs[ hV m RpsjhiS vHg blk dHl[ LWs Wsv} hg v{ v{Gs[ hJ@ Wsv@ Wvs@ sWv@ svW WS ujSe[ m l' dur[GiljdHS drdebjV dry wpN lgqa a,aJ s[ lpu'C~dru'C\Combination Permutation| a'G h;jiJ ba[ v,tJ hg RpafjsWS lws[ hV m dHl[ ai%J hg FjLj dryvgbJ qPv ZpVgbJ s[lpu'C~dru'C a'G blk v,tJ wi'CJ dHWjia dvt lws[ hJ m dHhZpVgbJ wsg rg ?aq Vhk h' lwsgbJ Rpl[ ai%J hg dur[G edSadry ljc[ fjl dHw a'G v{ w[ V"G b>w ba[ dHw dl`i ]@ dul Vjvblk lpu'C~dru'C wiw[ biWJ sgbJ iwqJ WSjMs[ ujHgH[ mdHh b>w qp,wS dry Vhk bjRpSe[ Fjr[G ljig spVgbJ s[w.dfRPBi dHl w.q dry vej s[HgH[ ba[ h;jiJ edSa LjlaiglsgbJ aw v,De[ idhS m

dHh' riajij hg ljdha dliuSj dry eagLgv ] m duldry lgqa a,aJ s[ lpu'C~dru'C a'G blk v,t wi'CJ Vjrv@whjSgbJ ba[ wdrajrJ dliug uj ih[ hJ m


f+jfa fplawJ

qVp,tg h,wJ sj qlghj ^ uldBl buga dl>z W{Gl ^ t'ug wjì

t'ug wjì us wV[cj a'G rjfl bjdHbj aJ Rpl lq[Gq{G f>ujW lB[B B{wlB Wp,w W'ic sj cjdHi{wBi lg m Rpl lq[Ghg q[ig qpvjwja f>ujW bjiBl w"Gdlv dry Rpl Vjv h'Hg mcj! hiyiV dl>z ba[ hpwq dl>z F,Bg Rpl lq[G w"Gdlv s[bhps[sji lV m RpV%J Vjv dqv w[ blk rivc f>ujWg wjVì.lsgbJ dabjigbJ dry ip,DN[ idh>Ds[ m t'ug wjì V[ Rps'G a,w LjdHshg w'Hg iyVj wgag lg m fi.aP@ us Rpl V[ i'fC drt[ qwjVWSj w[ Rpl sj Vjq #Viw dVrjl$ i,t dvbj a[ Rpo[ hg c[ijvej dvbj aJ Rpl V[ ZCjZC dvtSj LpiP wi ds,aj m hpS a,wwpv dqvj w[ Rpl V[ f,yg dwajWJ f+wjdLa wirj ds,agbJ hV@duV%J dry s' wjdr l.e+dh@ dHw qhjwjdr@ dHw Vjrv@ b,nwhjSg l.e+dh@ A[ VjBw@ s' dHwJeg l.e+dh@ da>V rjiaw sgbJdwajWJ@ dHw l.fjsVj ba[ dHw dHh ugrVg ] ba[ dHh ugrVuldBl buga dl>z W{Gl ug sg hg ] m uldBl buga dl>z W{Glh'iJ Vjv rg q[ig qpvjwja Rpl[ lq[G hg h'Hg lg m

v[tw V[ uldBl buga dl>z W{Gl h'iJ s[ fdirjiwdfA'wC a'G v{ w[ RpV%J s[ fdhvJ vjdHvfpi ?jvlj wjvuuv.Zi@ bdZbjfw s[ a"i $a[ dVIpwag@ dHl fsrg a'G upbjWba[ dxi hpdLbjifpi wydhigbJ dry rwjva a'G y.cgeC% drt[rwjva ba[ qpC hjHgw'iB u,u WSV s[ d;wi s[ Vjv VjvRpV%J s[ ugrV s[ h'i Whpa lji[ r[ir[ ds,Da[ hV m o'C%j duhjd;wi RpV%J sg dr,Ddsbj f+jfag Wji[ rg ] duhCg W{Gl ljdhWV[ vtVRP bjfS[ yjyj lisji lisjij dl>z ug w'v idh w[f+jfa wgag m

dHo[ RpV%J V[ b{q!H[! bio~Ljlai ba[ Vjv sg Vjvrwjva rg fjl wi vHg m

t'ug wjì V[ dHh ugrVg s' drZgbJ Vjv dvtg ] m fdhvgdrZg dry Rpl V[ W{Gl ljdhW Vjv qpvjwjaJ wiw[ lPyVjhjdlv wiV sg bfVjHg ] ba[ b>a dry RpV%J fjl'G dqv[dvtag V'dBl ba[ b?WjiJ dry Af[ v[tJ bjds a'G vHg ] m

v[tw V[ dHl ugrVg s[ Vjv Vjv Rpl lq[G sg f>ujWsg dlbjla RpKfi rg Bgwj~dB,fSg wgag ] ba[ dl,tJ VjvQsjig wiV rjdvbJ sg dVLjVs[hg rg wgag ] m Rpl V[uldBl W{Gl r,Dv'G qVp,tg bdZwjiJ sg i,Ddtbj vHg dr,DT[ l.ziLsj WCg W[Wjwg Vjv d;wi wgaj ] m dul dry buga dl>zW{Gl sj h,w ba[ l,y vHg cB[ idhS sg Whjsig sj r[irjba[ h"Glv[ sj faj vesj ] m f>ujW fpvgl a'G uldBl W{Glsj dHl wiw[ Wyjb h' debj dw RpV%J sg de+̀ ajig sg ?Wi} dWs[Lg qgcgH[ V[ y.eg oJ s[ w[ f+wjdLa wgaj m sPuj wjiVdHh rg lg dw uldbl W{Gl Fjiag wj}V ba[ f>ujWg fpvglsgbJ wjiep;jigbJ a'G Fvg FJa ujSP lV m

f>ujW fpvgl r,Dv'G RpV%J sg de+̀ aig ba[ RpV%J } bjfS[dVLjV[ a'G fi[ wiV sj IaV sj rg dWbjV ] m lF a'G qh,arfPiV ba[ qjidqw dWbjV uldBl W{Gl sj fPV[ uj w[ du>sjba[ lp,tj Vjv qpvjwja sj ] m duhC[ WCg sv[ig Vjv r{dsbj} qjiV sj ;piq wWPv wis[ hV m

l! buga dl>z W{Gl h'iJ r,Dv'G s,Ddlbj ba[ ugrVgwji r,Dv'Gdvdtbj dHl dqvSg sj ds=L l,yqp,y hg Whpa hg f+FjrLjvg] m v[tw V[ dHw ai%J Vjv dHw qh,arfPiV dHdahjl } lJFw[ dHw qh,arfPiV wjiu wgaj ] m

´s[i Vjv fC%g dwajW

#qV sg dWioj$ ^ y.sV V[egy.sV V[eg sj Vjrv wvj dry bjfSj dHw Vr[wvj

lojV ] m Rpl sj hi Vjrv bjfSg dHw r,tig fAjS itsj]@ dHh fAjS Vjrv sg FjLj ba[ drL[ s[ f,t a'G hp.sg ] m

uv dWv wp.F@ w,vi w[ig A,fig ba[ wdVw wjdqVg a'GWjbs@ qV sg dWioj@ dHh Rpl sj y"oj Vjrv ]@ dHl a'GdHvjrj Rpl s[ awigWV sl whjSg l.e+dh rg hV m Rpl V[Whpa ljigbJ iyVjrJ s[ bVprjs rg wga[ hV m Rpl sj dHwr,cj wjiu c'eig f>ujWg LWs w'L rg ] m

qV sg dWioj drwiq rie[ Rpl fjai sg whjSg ]duhCj fdhvJ Whpa ligbJ qpLwvJ Nje w[ bqigwj fhp.yuJsj ] ba[ wHg ljvJ Wjbs raV rjfl fiasj ] m hpSRpl s[ b>si raV sj q'h ujesj ]@ Rpl } raV sg ZiagdHo'G s[ diLa[@ q[v dqvjf@ q'h dfbji ba[ hi rlaP dry'Gqph,Wa sj f+eBjrj V;i bjMsj ] m

hpS Rpl sj rjdfl ujS } dy,a Vhk wisj fi.aPquWPigbJ Rpl sg f[L Vhk ujS s[GsgbJ m Wp,DN h'H[ qV VjvRph uhj; dry W{nsj@ uhj; Rpl[ ila[ ba[ s[LJ s[ Rpi'G sgRpKcsj uj dihj ]@ duo'G wsg Rph VujdH; a"i $a[ vpw dA,fw[ bqigwj fhp.dybj lg m uhj; s[ lì dry hg Rph df,AvNjasg upea ijhk qV sg lwigV RpKfi bjfSg d;>seg sg ljigalrgi r[t dihj ]@ dwr[G Rph ?PWlPia "̀ug b`li WSsj ]@risg dry Rph dwr[G x,Wsj ] m dwr[G Rpl sg qpvjwja wjvufC%dsbJ ligV Vjv hp.sg ] m dwr[G RpV%J dry dq,ng~dq,ng qph,WaRpfusg ] dwr[G Rph LigV Vjv ligiw l.W.Z wjdHq wisj] m LigV Vr[G d?bjv rjvg qjcv wpCg ] m dwr[G Rph bjfS[dHw s'la sg F{S lgav r,v rg dt,Ddybj uJsj ] m dHh diLajdrbjh dry aWsgv h' uJsj ] m drbjh a'G Wjbs rg RphLigV Vjv q[v~u'v itsj ] m dH>u lgav Vjv Rpl sj avjwh' uJsj ] m dxi dwr[G Rph wpN s'laJ Vjv vpw~dAf w[bèjVlajV fhp.ysj ]@ dHo[ v[dtwj wjWv s[ WjQ sg


?PWlPiag ba[ Ldhi sg e.seg sj qjidqw dy,ai dt,ysg ] mdul a'G v[dtwj s[ debjV Wji[ ]ijVg hp.sg ] m wjWv a'Gw;jwlajV ijhk RpV%J sj f+r[L dHijV dry hp.sj ]@ fidHijVg bdZwjigbJ } Rpl s[ "̀ug b`li h'S s[ L,w a'G Rphs"C w[ h.eig fhp.y uJs[ hV@ duo[ wsg b>Ddq+aj L[ide,v fhp.yglg@ dul sg wvj Wji[ bu[ rg Rpo[ yiyj ] m

dHh Vjrv wqjv sg upeag Vjv dvdtbj debj ] m dHwwoj drwiq s[ qV s[ dy,aifB RpKfi yvsg ] m dHw uhj;gl`i dry Rpl s[ b>siv[ rjajriV dry yvsgbJ dxisgbJH[bi h'lB{lJ sg ba[ dHw Bg!rg! lwigV Rpfi yvsg d`vqgwoj dry m qp,t fjai drwiq lwigV RpKfi yvsg d`vq dryrg bjfS[ bjf } Ljdqv lqN RpV%J V;jdibJ s[ e[C[ vejbjMsj duhC[ Rpl V[ wp̀ ig sgbJ fhjCgbJ dry lgav ba[Ligv Vjv ejh[ hp.s[ hV m Vjv sg Vjv Rpl } bjfS[fdirjiw dfA'wC sg Ijs rg bjMsg idh>sg ]@ dH>u Rpl sjdHh l`i QqgbJ ba[ ?pLgbJ sj lpq[v WSsj uj dihj ] m

Rpl } 1971 dry vCjHg s[ ds=L rg Ijs bjMs[ hV mv[dtwj V[ u' dHl vCjHg sj dyai dt,Ddybj ] Rph rg ujSwjigFifPi ba[ wqjv sj ] m dHV%J u.eJ Ip,ZJ Vjv v'wJ }dwhCgbJ dwhCgbJ qpLwvJ f[L bjMsgbJ hV ba[ b>ai-ijLBig dwhC[ dwhC[ sWjb f{Gs[ hV m

drwiq bjfSg dfAvg d;>seg Wji[ l'ysj Rph LigV ba[lgav Vjv h.TjH[ fvJ } rg Ijs wisj ] ba[ WjwgdiLa[sjiJ dur[G F{S V.sVj@ uguj ug@ Wgug ba[ h'i s'laJs[ q'hi dfbji sj d;wi rg wisj ] m qV hg qV qpC bqigwjfhp.y uJsj ] m duo[ Rpl sg qpvjwja dHw W.ejvg dy,aiwjilphjdlVg Vjv hp.sg ] m s'hJ sj q[v dqvjf LpiP h' uJsj ] mfi.aP Rph u"hV Vjv Ljsg wi v{Gsg ] fi dHh Ljsg uvsghg Bp,B uJsg ] m

dHw vCwg uVq v{Gsg ] dul Wji[ drwiq } faj ]dw dHh vCwg u'hV sg Vhk le'G Rpl sg ] m dHl[ vHg RphiPfj } bjfSg Zg rJe vjc vcjMsj ] m

dHV%J l'yJ dry hg Rph dVRPIjiw s[ hrjHg b,Dc[ RpKfifhp.y uJsj ] m us Rph rjdL>eBV cg!lg! sg xvjHgB xCVvHg waji dry v,esj ] aJ Rpl } bjfS[ df,DA[ wpN hB w[lgav tCg V;i bjMsg ]@ duls[ Vjv dHw vCwg ] m Rpl} d?bjv bjMsj ] dw dHh vCwg rg Rpl[ sg hg ] m dwMdwavjw a'G fdhvJ lgav } Rpqgsrjig lg m Rpl V[ l'dybj dwlgav rg LjdHs bjfS[ Fij dru[ w'v wV[cj bj eHg h'r[ba[ hpS dHZi bqigwj dry dwl[ } dqvS uj ihg h'r[ m dHhlgV rg v[dtwj V[ dwl[ d`vqg lgV rJe WCj Fjrpw FjrVjVjv dyadibj ] m drwiq WCg s'dy,ag dry ]@ lgav } Wpvji[uJ Vj@ bjfSg Zg } bjfS[ Wji[ s,Dl[ uJ Vj@ b?gi dryRph qV Rpfi f,oi i,t w[ bjfS[ ijh b,De[ api uJsj ] m

y.sV V[eg dry rjajriV sg ?PWlPiag } lqPia wiVsg WCg wqjv sg lqi,oj ] m Rpl s[ dHl f+dwiag riSV dryduo[ hi[ Fi[ ip,t hrj dry vdh vhjMs[ V;i bjMs[ hV

Rpo[ f>AgbJ s[ ega rg w.VJ dry eP.uS v,es[ hV mRpl V[ bqigwj s[ LdhiJ@ dVRPIjiw@ rjdL>eBV cg!lg!@

vjl r{ejl ba[ vjl H[Guv sj d;wi rg WCg ?PWlPiag Vjvwgaj ] m wjiV dHh ] dw dHV%J LdhiJ } Rpl V[ bjf r[dtbj] m lqp,Dy[ iPf dry dHh dHw rZgbj Vjrv ] m

dqLV e.e'aig ^ ijdu>si dWWijdHh dHw Vjrvg drZg dry dvtg fplaw ] m dHl sj bi.F

WCj cijqjHg ]@ dul dry aP̀ jVg lqp>si dry lBgqi dryRpl sj wfajV ba[ Rpl s[ lhjdHw hV m lqp>si dry WCjdFbjVw aP̀ jV ] m lBgqi sg h[nvg A,a dry A[ w'nCgbJhV@ dHw dry dHw dHVljV } v'h[ s[ W{Gy Vjv l.ev qjiw[ W.dV%bj h'dHbj ] m h,owCg sg l.evg Vjv Rpl s[ h,o H[V[;?qg h' eH[ hV dw Rpl sgbJ h,cgbJ V;i bj ihgbJ hV mdHh V;jij WCj dFbjVw ] m Fjr[G lBgqi s[ wfajV lq[abqv[ s[ q{GWi lqp>sig aP̀ jV wiw[ bjfSj qjVdlw l.apvVepbj yp,Dw[ hV fi.aP@ h,owCgbJ dry uwdCbj dHVljVdWvwpv LJa ] m Rph dHl ?ai[ dry rg RpKyg~RpKyg h,lS v,esj] m bdZwjig Rpl s[ dsqje sg B'h vjRpS sg hi w'dLL wis[hV fi wjqIjW Vhk h' ih[ m

Rpl a'G Wjbs v[tw bja.wrjs Wji[ d;wi widsbJ l.ljif,Zi RpKfi x{v[ bja.wrjs sgbJ dHdahjlw adhbJ xi'vSsj IaV wisj ] m dHl s[ Vjv hg bja.wrjs s[ liedSbJs[ wji'Wji Wji[ s,lsj ] m dxi Rph dHV%J qjxgbj zijdSbJsg wjiep;jig Wji[ drloji Vjv ujSwjig s[Gsj ] m

bev[ bdZbjdH dry faj v,esj ] dw lBgqi sj w{fBVcglPuj ] ba[ Rpl w'v bjdHbj qdhqjV@ I'eg lg m Rpl sgRpqi f{Gag wp ljv s[ V[C[ v,esg lg m cglPuj Rpl wqi[ sjsirj;j t'v% w[ Rpl w{sg } dfbji Vjv dqdvbj aJ RplV[cglPuj s[ w.V dry dHw LWs dwhj@ duhCj cglPuj vHg WCjwgqag lg m

dHo[ Vjrvwji dHw h'i fjai sg ujSwjig Ip,Zrgi s[iPf dry wijMsj ]@ dulsg dcRPBg Rpls[ Wj,l V[ I'eg s[b>siv[ F[s } ujVS vHg vejHg h'Hg ] m Ip,Zrgi blv dryFjiag ]@ dul sg qphjia } r[t w[ dH;ijHgv sg tp̀ gbjH[u.lg V[ Rpl sgbJ l[rjrJ Fjia w'v'G RpZji vHgbJ h'HgbJhV m Ip,Zrgi Wji[ w[rv wiVv l[V } uJ s[L s[ f+ZjV q>aig} faj lg m wiVv l[V fdhvj Fjiag l{Vj~b`li ]@ dulV[ dH;ijHgv a'G B=[dV>e vHg lg m Rpl V[ hg Ip,Zrgi } "̀udry bjfS[ Vjv i,Ddtbj h'dHbj ] m

dHl fplaw dry Whpa lji[ qpvwJ sgbJ epfayiH[u.lgbJ Wji[ ujSwjig ds,ag h'Hg ] m v[tw sg dHh ujSwjigr[t w[ ]ijVg hp.sg ] dw dwr[G dHw dri'Zg qpvw e.ej Vsgdry w'Hg ;dhigvj iljdHS dqvj w[ dh>Ds'lajV } WiWjswiV yhp.sj ] m Rpl[ dqLV } x[v wiV sg dHh whjSg ] mb,Z a'G Wjbs bjS w[ dHh Vjrv dHw ujlPlg dwlq sg FjbqiV v,e f{Gsj ] m dxi rg dHh dHw rZgbj IaV ] m

silalekh - oct - dec 2010

Documents

ig v w

y sj f

w rphvj sg zjvsj s

dw uvsg f

isgbj f

rdcbjhg w

fjswudesi w

ljdfe w