role of technology enhancing transport korea’s case - gyeng chul kim - korea transport institute...

Role of Technology Enhancing Transport Korea’s Case!

Transforming Transportation 2014!

!   Presented at Transforming Transportation 2014!

! Gyeng Chul Kim Ph.D., P.E., Prof.!!   President, Korea Transport Institute!

Role of Technology Enhancing Transport Korea’s Cases: ICT based transport reform.

World Bank, Transforming Transportation Jan. 2014

Korea's Challenges:

ICT-‐based Transport Transforming

Gyeng Chul KIM Ph.D., P.E., Prof. President, Korea Transport Institute

[email protected], [email protected]

Shanty Towns

After the Korean War (1953-1970)

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

1915 1925 1935 1945 1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005

(1,000 Persons)

1942, 1M

1959, 2M

1963, 3M

1970, 5M

1976, 7M

1988, 10M

1992, 10.92M

Bus and Tram Sta@ons : Insufficient capacity

Gyengbu Expressway opened in 1970

l  Number of vehicles in Korea ! 127,000 in 1970

7

§  Registered vehicles: 50 @mes 1970: 60 thousand ! 2010 : 2.98 million

[Registered Vehicles in Seoul]

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Year No. of Registered Vehicles

! Seoul’s challenges? -‐ Vehicles : Up by 50x

-‐ Road : 4 %/y only

From 7am to 11pm Entire area of Seoul

Air Pollution Cancer Occurrence

Energy Consumption Increase Discomfort

Deaths per year: 13,000 (1992) → 5,200 (2012)

1)  Severe car congestion: Public transport improvement -‐ BMS, BIS, Bus rerouting,

Bus Median Lane, etc.

2)  Poor Connectivity: Integration for modes and fare system, Bus rerouting

3)  High Fatalities: Black box, surveillance camera

l  Physical (between modes (Station + Stop)) l  Network (Railway, Bus, and others) l  Fare (Equity, Providing incentives ) l  Information (Seamless transfer) l  Institutional (Custom-‐based)

PUSH & PULL Strategy -‐ Transit System: Integration for Multi-‐Modal

Integration for modes and fare system

KOTI-WPI

Take Transit, Enjoy More Time for Life

26Jan12 GCKIM

Korea Transport Institute(KOTI)

Public transport improvement -‐ BMS

KOTI-WPI


26Jan12 GCKIM


Public transport improvement -‐ Bus Interval Management

KOTI-WPI


26Jan12 GCKIM


Public transport improvement -‐ T-‐ Money Card Data

KOTI-WPI


26Jan12 GCKIM


Scientific Administration Public transport improvement -‐ Scienti]ic Administration

Connectivity: Bus Rerouting

Increase Decrease -‐ Network Capacity (new Bus Route & BRT) -‐  Bus ridership -‐  Bus Frequency (Keep Interval) -‐  Bus Company Revenue

-‐  Total Bus Operation Cost -‐  Subsidy of SMG

Priority Median Bus Lane

│AVer the Priority Bus Lane │Before

–  Introduced in 2004 by the Seoul Metropolitan Government

– Provides faster and reliable travel

Connectivity: BRT

Connectivity: Fare integration

§  Distance based fare Subway single trips: fare by distance-‐traveled (base of 800 KRW up to 12km, addi@onal 100 won per 6km) Bus single trips: single fare of 800 KRW §  Free of charge for transfers For transferring trips: accumulated distance-‐based fare → basic fare up to 10km; addi@onal fare per 5km

20

Before

Transport Right : Equity

After

Close to Station - High Price of Asset: Richer - Lower Fare for Transport

Away from Station - Low Price of Asset: more poor - Double Fare for Transport

Result of (Fare) Integration by ICT

New Fare System - Distance-based - Unified among modes

Equity

BMS

Credit card

22

Mobile Phone

Payment for Public transport

Information Displayed at Bus Stops Smart Phone Application

Public transport improvement -‐ Real-‐Time Based BIS

ICT-based Safety Policies in Korea High Fatalities: Speed Cameras & Intersection Cameras

Total 4,901 cameras installed nationwide (2010) Total 9.97 million tickets issued in 2010 -‐ Speeding: 82% -‐ Traf]ic light violation: 17% -‐ Others: Bus lane, Shoulder lane

!  All Korean company taxis have installed car black boxes between 2008~2012 (total 91,532 taxis)

!  Accidents: decreased by 17.2%, fatalities by 22.0%

!  Local gov. subsidize 50% of the taxi black box cost

!  Insurance companies reduce prices by 3~5%

High Fatalities: Car black box (Drive recorder)

High Fatalities: Car black box (Drive recorder)

Outcome of ICT based Reform

Outcome 1) Saving fuel consumption

2003 2004 2005

Diesel Usage(1,000ℓ) 148,059 126,485 118,783

CNG Usage(1,000㎥) 33,955 41,731 44,671

Total Fuel Cost (KRW M) 64,816 58,685 56,033

Difference of Cost(%) - 9.5 4.5

2003 2004 2005 Ratio (’03 -> ’05)

CO(Ton) 748.3 623.8 488.0 34.8%

NOx(Ton) 2,074.6 1,799.7 1,694.1 18.3%

HC(Ton) 356.6 358.6 332.4 6.8%

PM(Ton) 45.1 36.2 27.3 39.5%

Outcome 2) Air Pollution Reduction

Outcome 3) Public Transport Ridership

※ Subway ridership excludes free-pass holders. Source : Seoul Year Book

5,174

5,911 6,112 6,162

6,286 6,239 6,218 6,213 6,267 6,282 6,437

4,293 4,192 4,180 4,006 3,992

4,544 4,655 4,583 4,615 4,605 4,595

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

5,500

6,000

6,500

7,000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Num

ber o

f Passengers

(tho

usan

d pe

ople/day)

Year

Subway Bus

14% ↑

□ PT mode share : 65%,Trend of Ridership

Outcome 4) Lessened Bus Accidents The number of accidents in July, 2004 decreased 26.9% than the July of 2003

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

(Number of Accidents)

142 accidents per month has been

decreased

658

516

2004 2003

Outcome 4) Lessened Children Fatalities

1537

1566

1180

998 890 809

932

753

592

572

588 489

468 394 296

284

276 202

161

154

126 80

83

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Fatalities under 14 years of age

Remarkable children fatality decrease from 1,566/year to 83/year (95% decrease in 10years)

Socio-economic Consequences of Collisions In 2013, KOTI researchers* surveyed 188 disabled traffic crash victims

!   Job Loss: 70.7%

!   Income Reduction: 71.8%

!   Housing Change**: 49.5%

!   Divorce: 21.8%

!   Diminishing of social life: 53.2% * This research was conducted by Dr. Jae-Hoon Seol and Dr. Namji Jung **Owner-occupied housing / lease → monthly rental / welfare house

World Bank’s goal: Ending poverty To end poverty, traffic safety should be considered with a top priority.

Source: Global Status Report on Road Safety 2009 (WHO)

Lessons from Korea: How do we make the ICT-‐based transport

transforming to work?

Building capacity ICT vocational training (1980s) ICT industry promotion Establishing knowledge hubs (i.e. KOTI, 1986) -‐ R&D investment (World’s second ratio) Political Leadership Promoting ICT industries (1990s) Seoul Bus Reform (2004) Zeroing Traf]ic Fatalities

Lessons from Korea:

1) Lessons from Korea: Capacity Building

<The Korea Transport Institute (KOTI)>

l  Role: National Think Tank l  Funding: 100% government-‐established institute l  Staff: 300 personal (93 Ph.D., 200 MA & MSc) l  Contribution: Economic Growth and Transport Strategies Infrastructure Master Plans Transport and Logistics Technology Development

1

KOTI’s Relationship with the Korean Government

The Korea Transport Institute

Commissioned Research

Prime Minister’s Offi

ce

KOTI Local

Government MOLIT

Policy Support Commissioned

Research

Policy Support

NRCS


l  Highway l  Railway l  Aviation

l  Logistics l  Public Transport l  ITS


2) Lessons from Korea:Political Leadership Innovation Leaders in KOREA

M.B. Lee

Ken Livingstone, London

Junghee Park

Transforming Transport

Solution for : GHG, Air Pollution, Car-Crash, Congestion


Before AVer (Sep. 2005) Restoration of Cheong-gye-cheon (6km) Decrease of car-‐traffic volume: 125,000 veh/day

□ Restoration of Cheong-gye-cheon Demonstration Against CRP, November, 2003

It took leadership, broad communication program to resolve conflicts

It was not easy! Political support and communications were critical


We should not deprive our children of their future

People oriented policy, not car

Transforming Transport Thermal image July 27, 2005

28o 36o

37o 36o

Average 32.7oC Cheonggye Cheon

Average 36.3oC Nearby street

-‐3.6oC

I am very SORRY!

45

1955, After Korean war Extreme Poverty

2012, Seoul

Thanks to IBRD/WB -‐  To developing countries – Can-‐DO spirit -‐  We are ready to share our experience

http//:english.koti.re.kr/lutp2014/

Aug. 20 – Sep. 27, 2014 (Workshop Sep. 21-‐27)

Break the pattern, Think differently

NOT for Vehicles, BUT for People

[email protected] [email protected] (Take Transit, Enjoy more 2me of your Life)

Mike Gyeng Chul Kim, Ph.D., P.E., Prof., President

The Korea Transport Institute

48

It is TIME to change to sustainable Transport

What time is it for …..?

role of technology enhancing transport korea’s case - gyeng chul kim - korea transport institute...

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