transforming transport - urban mobility...

TRANSFORMING TRANSPORTIN SEOUL

FROM CAR TO PUBLIC TRANSPORT

(Mike) Gyeng Chul KIM Ph.D., P.E.,Prof.

Gachon Univ. S Korea(Ex-President, Korea Transport Institute)

[email protected]

(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)

(0)(0)


Population(now)Metro Seoul : 10 M

Greater Seoul : 24 M

Some years agoSeoul

Some years agoSeoul

Seoul in 1970s

Extreme traffic congestionHustle and bustle to get on/off the bus

Traffic flow disruptionPassengers exiting buses three lanes away


Chaos ? (1970-1990) Registered vehicles: 50 times

1970: 60 thousand 2000 : over 2 million Registered vehicles: 50 times

1970: 60 thousand 2000 : over 2 million[Registered Vehicles in Seoul]

0

5,00,000

10,00,000

15,00,000

20,00,000

25,00,000

30,00,000

35,00,000

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Year No. of Registered Vehicles


Congestion, Air Pollution, Traffic Accident,Discomfort, Dis-amenity, Un-controllable

Reduction : # of Circuits

(1970-1980)- 7-8 times/day/bus- 1,069 p/day/bus

- Golden Goose

(1990-2000)- 3-4 times/day/bus

- 506 p/day/bus- Black Swan

Triple Loss (P-G-O)(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)

WHY ? “ Revitalization of BUS ”WHY ? “ Revitalization of BUS ”

Declining Trend : Every year 0.8 M.P. down

Private Operator BANKRUPTCY 103 (`90) → 58 (`02)

Gov. SUBSIDY 9M USD (`99) → 105.6M USD (`02)

Trend of bus ridershipTrend of bus ridership

1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

(Million.Pax / year)


Gridlock in Seoul in 90’sAir Pollution and Cancer Occurrence

Energy Consumption IncreaseTraffic Accidents

Discomfort

Government subsidy increase


Seoul, Paradigm ShiftSustainable Urban Transport

Seoul, Paradigm ShiftSustainable Urban Transport

65% Transit (B+S)

Car-spaceReduction Policy

Car-spaceReduction Policy

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6 Key Success Factors

Construction of overpasses(1970-1990)

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Traffic CongestionRelief

ByOverpasses

Common Sense

Construction in 1978

Construction of 106 overpasses

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Figure: Number of overpasses from the 1960s to the 2000sSource: Kim et al, 2011

Spreading of critical intersections

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Figure: More than 3 times occurred corridors of critical speed (less than 15k/m)Source: Joonho Kim et al,

Urban Railway Network Expansion

13

1st Phase (~1985) 2nd Phase (~2001) 3rd Phase (~2012)

4 Lines,

115 Stations

(134.9km)

8 Lines,

263 Stations

(286.9km)

13 Lines,

521 Stations

(825.2km)

Paradigm shift

Demolition (48)or

Construction (106)14

Flyover ? -- for what?Another parking space?

□ Restoration of Cheong-gye-cheon Decrease of car-traffic volume: 125,000 veh/day

Before After (Sep. 2005)

□ Reform of Seoul Plaza 2004. 5. 1 Open → Restrain Traffic Flow → Ped. Square

Before After(May 2004)

Passenger-car Reduction Policy


Car space Transit facilitiesChengryangri station

Before After (2004)(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)

Bus ReformComprehensiveMaster Plan

+

See Future

Bus ReformComprehensiveMaster Plan

+

See Future

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Korean Institution ( Integrated + Future )

1. Integrated administrationfor a nationwide integrated transport system

Integrated MinistryMo L I T

(Land use + Infrastructure + Transport )

- Urban Transport Improvement ACT.


Korean Institution ( Integrated + Future )

2. Future thinking administrationfor a Future Planning

Future MinistryMo SIFP(Future Planning + Creative + ICTs + Science)http://english.msip.go.kr/index.do

2020,2030,2050 forecast and analyze?What is our future?

UrbanizationMotorization

S-Curve

300 T/F


Master PlanTransport + Land Use


http://www.seoul.co.kr/news/newsView.php?id=20110406015018

StrongAuthority and

Think Tank

StrongAuthority and

Think Tank

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1) What is the Vision ? (World Best Transit City)

2) What is the Goal, Strategic Keyword?

Competitiveness Public Transport QualityNumeric measurement : 65% by TransitTarget Year : in 3 years

3) What is “Mission Statement”, ?( Take Transit, Enjoy more time for Life)

KSF: Set Vision, Goal, Mission statement

- Reducing parking lots at city hall (40050)- Monday, Mass Transit Day (Bus + Subway)- Reducing parking lots, increase parking fee- Give-up Car

KSF : Me-First from City Hall


- National Think Tank : KOTI- Metropolitan Gov. : SDI ( SI )

Think Tank : KOTI and SDI

CommissionedResearch

PrimeMinister’s

Office

KOTILocal

GovernmentMOLIT

CommissionedResearch

Policy Support

NRCS


SolidBudget

SolidBudget

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Finance Innovation

Fuel Tax, PPP, Value Capturing (add)

Oil Taxation vs. Oil Subsidy

India

Korea$ 1.51/l

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

Gasoline Diesel

US

$/Li

ter

VAT

Education Tax

Mileage Tax

Fuel Tax

ProductionCost

We have no budget?Source: Korea National Oil Corporation(2012), http://www.opinet.co.kr/chart.do?cmd=oilknow.saleprice.list

Self-funded Authority

( Infra fundGasoline Tax, etc…)

When introduce?: It’s the TIME !

- International Oil-price down(Tax adding )

Where do we use ?Public Transport ( Op-cost )Infrastructure(Rail, Port, Ex..) Car User and Future Generation


ICT BasedScientific

Administration

ICT BasedScientific

Administration

(5)(5)



Thanks : National Data-based Center (ICT)

(DATA) Bus Management System


T- Money Card Data


Scientific Administration


Credit card

Payment for Public transport

Mobile Phone

Technology? Yes! What’s side benefit ?Transparency Improvement -100% Clear !

PoliticalLeadership

PoliticalLeadership

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□ Lessons : Political LeadershipInnovation Leaders in KOREA

M.B. LeeM.B. Lee

KenLivingstone,London

KenLivingstone,London

Junghee ParkJunghee Park


Demonstration Against CRP, November, 2003

□ Consensus Building: It was not easy!Political support and communications were critical

- Consensus building (4200, 2n3d meeting)


Making Consensus..Conflict Resolution :

Next generation“ What’s your dream?”


Hope Wall in CheonGyeCheon


Communication ChannelCommunication Channel

We should not depriveour children of theirfuture

People orientedpolicy, not car


6 Key Lessons from Seoul :Other Cities have undertaken similar initiatives?

• Comprehensive Master Plan HolisticWin-Win-Win Situation for all residents(even Car users),PT customers and providers, Governments

• ICT-based Integration key part of Reform• Paradigm Shift :TDM and Land-use plan• Strong Authority and Think Tank, for implementation

• Leadership and Political will : Communications• Solid Budget – we have no money!

–Make Strong champion and spread out

Sustainable City:

1. Where the Rich and Poor use publictransport and NMT (heaven),not a place where everyone(inc. the Poor) has

and use cars(disaster).2. Good Public Transport(PT) service Discourage car ownership – sustainable.

(ex) Poor Public Transport :Make mother’s life misery, encourage Car.

:At Bus stop, a Mother with 2 children(free)

I am very SORRY!

46http://www.mb.com.ph/campaign-begins/

http://www.unescap.org/ttdw/Publications/TPTS_pubs/bulletin82/b82_Chapter4.pdf


1)Congestion

2)Air Pollution

3) High Fatalities

Plz Think Out-of-Box“ Problems cannot be solved at the same level

of awareness that created them.”-Albert Einstein –

자료출처: http://inside.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2013/04/19/2013041900625.html

Miracle of Han River


1955, After Korean warExtreme Poverty

2012, Seoul,GangNam

To developing countries – Can-Do spirit- We are ready to share our experience


http://english.koti.re.kr/board/special/index.asp?code=koti&mCode=040400

Knowledge Sharing Program(special report)

Break the pattern, Think differentlyNOT for Vehicles, BUT for People

[email protected](Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)

(Mike) Gyeng Chul KIM, Ph.D., P.E., Prof.,Ex-President

The Korea Transport Institute

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It is TIME to change

What time is it for …..?

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