2007 WYNNE:RHODYMENIACOCCOCARPA 24�

RhODYmENIa cOccOcaRpa, a NEW cOmBINaTION BaSED ON phYllOphORa cOccOcaRpa mONT.

MichaelJ.WynneUniversityofMichiganHerbarium

3600VarsityDriveAnnArbor,Michigan48�08-2287

AbstrAct. ThenewcombinationRhodymenia coccocarpa(Mont.)M.J.Wynne,basedonPhyllophoracoccocarpaMont., isproposed; ittakesprecedenceoverthenomennovumRhodymenia subantarcticaRicker.

TheredalgaPhyllophoracoccocarpawasdescribedbyMontagne(�852b)onthebasisofad’UrvillecollectionfromtheStraitofMagellan.Thealgawasdescribedasastipitatefrond,withabare,tereteorbroadenedstipeexpandingintoflattenedcuneate blades proximally and having linear bifid enervate apical portions, withrotundlobes.Cystocarpsweresaidtobeonthedistalsegments,sessileandglobose,withthecenter(inthedriedstate)depressed,acorn-shapedandostiolate.AccordingtoMontagne,partofhisearlierconcept(Montagne�845)ofRhodymeniapalmetta(J.V.Lamour.)Grev.[currentname:Rhodymeniapseudopalmata(J.V.Lamour.)P.C.Silva]belongedwithinhisnewspeciesPhyllophoracococcarpa.Montagne(�854)laterrepeatedhisdescriptionofP.coccocarpaandalsoprovidedasinglefigureofitshabit.Inallofhisaccountsofthisspecies,Montagne(�852b,�854,�856)describedhismaterialasfertile,referringtocystocarps[“conceptaculis”];indeedthatiswhathedepictedinthehabitillustration(Montagne,�854,pl.�6,fig.�),whichisrepro-ducedhereasFig.�.Yet,accordingtoHariot(�889)Montagne’sHerbarium(inPC)containsasinglenon-reproductivespecimenoforiginalmaterialofPhyllocarpacoc-cocarpa,whichHariottreatedasEpymeniamembranaceaHarv.,currentlyknownasRhodymeniaobtusa(Grev.)Womersley(Womersley�996).

IaskedDr.BrunodeRevierstocheckonauthenticmaterialofPhyllocarpacoc-cocarpainPC.HekindlyinformedmethathelocatedintheMontagneherbariumtwoelementsbelongingtotheprotologue:asinglespecimenoftheholotype(PC0060225;MA4824)(Fig.2)andanoriginalandunpublishedsketchoftheanatomy(MS434,p.4809)(Fig.3);scannedimagesoftheseelementswereprovidedtome.HedidnotfindanyadditionalspecimeninanyplaceinPC.Itisclearthattheholotypecorrespondsperfectly toMontagne’s (�854)plate�6,fig.�,except that the speci-mendoesnotshowanycystocarps.Figure4isacloserviewofdistalregionsoftheholotypeshowingtheabsenceofcystocarps.ThisobservationconfirmsthatHariotwascorrectbutrendersdoubtfulMontagne’sdescriptionofthecystocarps.Itispos-siblethatMontagnehadanother,small,fertilespecimenthatheusedforaddingtheobservationsoncystocarps,butthereisnoevidenceofsuchmaterial.

Thesketch(Fig.3),whichisveryfaint,isaccompaniedbythefollowingnota-tions:“PhyllophoracoccocarpaMontg.”,“Rhodymeniapalmettaolim”,“Magellan”,“D’Urville”and“Hb.deC.Montagne.”Thesketchisofaportionofacrosssection,showingcortical,subcorticalandmedullarycells,anorganizationthatconformstotheanatomyofRhodymenia.

Inadditiontothemoreusualpatternofdichotomoustoirregularbranchingandmarginalproliferation,adistinctivemodeofproducingnewbranchesfromathickened

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Fig.�.ReproductionofMontagne’s(�854)pl.�6,fig.�,ofPhyllophoracoccocarpa[=Rhodymeniacoccocarpa(Mont.)M.J.Wynne].

midribregionofproximalportionsofbladescanbeobservedintheholotype(bothinthespecimenandthefigure)andinspecimensassignedtothisspeciesbyTaylor(�939).These collections, in MICH, are the following: chiLe. PuntaArenas Ma-gallanesProv.,4Feb�927,Waldo L. Schmitt 315;fALKLANdIsLANds.StanleyHarbor,EastFalklandIsland,withoutdate,Waldo L. Schmitt 98.ThisoccasionalproductionofnewbranchesfromthefaceofaparentbladewaspointedoutbyTaylor(�939).

AnannotationlabelisattachedtotheholotypeofPhyllocarpacoccocarpa,datedDecember �3, �985 with the determination“Dendrymenia skottsbergii” by MariaEmilianaRamírez.ThisnameisbasedonRhodymeniaskottsbergiiDawson(�94�),aspeciestransferredtoDendrymeniabyLevring(�960);however,suchadetermi-nationisnotadmissable,becausethenameP.coccocarpapredatesR.skottsbergii.Rhodymeniaskottsbergiiisacurrentlyrecognizedspecies,whichisendemictothe

2007 WYNNE:RHODYMENIACOCCOCARPA 243

temperatewestcoastofSouthAmerica(Hoffmann&Santelices�997).Ithasadis-tinctivemannerofproducinglateralfronds,whicharisespirallywithinthefunnel-shapedregionatthebaseoftheparentfrond.Newbladescontinuetobesympodiallydevelopedwithanamplexicaulstructureintheregionofeachnewbranch(Dawson�94�).AccordingtoHoffmanandSantelices(�997),R.skottsbergiiisuniqueintheorderRhodymenialesinhavingthisdevelopmentalmode.Clearly,thedeterminationoftheholotypeofPhyllophoracoccocarpaasRhodymenia[Dendrymenia]skottsbergiiisincorrect.

When Skottsberg (�923) distinguished his new genus Dendrymenia fromRhodymeniaGrev.,hebasedthegenusonthesinglespeciesD.flabellifolia(Bory)Skottsberg[basionym:Sphaerococcus flabellifoliusBory(�828)].AspointedoutbyDawson(�94�),ithasbeenrecognizedthatthematerialSkottsberg“hadinhand”wasnottaxonomicallyidenticaltoBory’sspecies,andhepublishedthenewspeciesRhodymeniaskottsbergii,with the type fromConcepcionBay,Chile.At thesametime Dawson (�94�) demonstrated that genuine Rhodymenia flabellifolia (Bory)Montagne,whichalsooccursonthewestcoastofsouthernSouthAmerica,lackstheamplexicaulcharacterpresentinR.skottsbergii.Althoughsomeauthors(e.g.,Taylor,�945�947;Kylin�956;Levring�960;Santelices�989)haverecognizedDendryme-niaasdistinctfromRhodymeniaonthebasisofitssympodialdevelopment,otherauthors(e.g.,Dawson�94�;Sparling�957;Ramírez&Santelices�99�;Hoffmann&Santelices�997;Saundersetal.�999)havenot.Thecriticalpointisthatthetypeofagenus,namely,Dendrymenia,isaspecies(Art.�0.�oftheICBN),and,asnotedabove,D.flabellifolia[Sphaerococcus flabellifoliusBory] lacksthecriticaldiagnostictraitofDendrymeniaasconceivedbySkottsberg,thesympodialdevelopment;therefore,DendrymeniamustberegardedascongenericwithRhodymenia.

Fig.2.HolotypespecimenofPhyllocarpa coccocarpaMont.;PC0060225.

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Fig.3.Originalsketch(inPC;MS434,p.4809).

PhyllophoracuneifoliaJ.D.Hooker&Harvey(�845)wasdescribedwithatypelocalityintheFalklandIslands.OneofthetwooriginalHookerspecimens(KinBM)wasdepictedbyCotton(�9�5,pl.7).AccordingtoRicker(�987),thelectotypeforPhyllophoracuneifolia[KinBM]wascollectedbyJ.D.Hookeron�April�842fromSt.SalvadorBay,EastFalklandIslands(selectedbyA.GeppandJ.H.Price).WhilereportingonnewcollectionsofthisspeciesfromtheFalklandIslandsandsouthernChile,Taylor(�939)transferredP.cuneifoliatoRhodymenia,butinsodoing,hecre-atedalaterhomonymofR.cuneifoliaOkamura(�934),thelatternamenowtreatedasGracilariacuneifolia(Okamura)I.K.Lee&Kurogi(�977),aspeciesrecognizedfromJapan,China,andKorea(Yoshida�998;Zhang&Xia�994;Kimetal.2006).Inthebeliefthatthenameofataxonomicsynonymwasnotavailable,Ricker(�987)proposedthenewnameRhodymeniasubantarctica,andthatnamehasbeenusedincontemporaryliterature(Wiencke&Clayton2002;Graeveetal.,2002).Thenameofasynonym,however,isavailable,namely,PhyllophoracoccocarpaMontagne(�852b),andthetransfertoRhodymeniaisproposedhere.Thisdisposition,whichwasfirstproposedbyKylinandSkottsberg(�9�9),hasbeenacceptedbyPapenfuss(�964),Ramírez&Santelices(�99�),andbyAlgaeBase(Guiry2006).

Rhodymenia coccocarpa(Mont.)M.J.Wynnecomb.nov.PhyllophoracoccocarpaMont.Ann.Sci.Nat.,Bot.sér.3,�8:3�8.�852.Membranifoliumcoccocarpum(Mont.)Kuntze,Rev.gen.pl.�89�:903.

2007 WYNNE:RHODYMENIACOCCOCARPA 245

PhyllophoracuneifoliaHook.f.&Harvey,LondonJ.Bot.4:260.�845.Rhodyme-niacuneifolia(Hook.f.&Harvey)W.R.TaylorPapersMich.Acad.Sci.,Arts&Letters24:�47,�939,nonRhodymeniacuneifoliaOkamura,�934.Rho-dymeniasubantarcticaRicker,TaxonomyandBiogeographyofMacquarieIslandSeaweeds:2�5.�987.

InadditiontoMontagne’sillustration(�854,pl.�6,fig.�),Phyllophoracocco-carpahasbeendepictedbyCotton(�9�5,pl.7),Kylin&Skottsberg(�9�9,fig.�0,as“Rhodymeniacorallina”),Ricker(�887,fig.90,asRhodymeniasubantarctica),andWienckeandClayton(2002,pl.�6,figs4-5,asRhodymeniasubantarctica).

Thisspecieshasbeenreported(sometimesunderthenamesEpymeniamembra-naceaandRhodymeniacorallina)fromtheStraitofMagellanandTierradelFuego(Piccone�886;Hariot�889;Skottsberg�923),southernChile(Hariot�895;Kylin&Skottsberg�9�9;Taylor�939;Levrig�960),EasterIslandandJuanFenandezIsland(Levring�94�;Etcheverry�960), southernArgentina (Hariot �895), theFalklandIslands (Hooker & Harvey �845; Hooker �846–�847; Cotton �9�5;Taylor �939),Îles Kerguelen (Hooker �846–�847; Dickie �876; Askenasy �888; Zinova �973),MacquarieIsland(Ricker�987),andAntarctica(namely,KingGeorgeIslandandPalmerStationoftheAntarcticPeninsula)(Claytonetal.�997;Wiencke&Clayton2002).Taylor(�939)explainedthatwhileSkottsberg’s(�923)conceptofRhodyme-niacorallinaconformedtoPhyllophoracoccocarpa,Kylin’s(�93�:2�,pl.8,fig.20)conceptdidnot.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

IthankDr.BrunodeReviersoftheMuséumNationald’HistorieNaturelle,Paris,forlocatingtheholotypeofPhyllocarpacoccocarpaandsendingmeaCompactDiscwithscannedimagesfromthistype.Healsoprovidedahelpfulreviewofthemanuscript.IamgratefultoDavidBayforassemblingtheplatesfromtheimages.

Fig.4.Detailofdistalportionofholotype.

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