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Review

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1450-1750 Major Developments European discovery of Americas creates a New Global Economy which begins a process of globalization Atlantic Trade Network (Triangular Trade) Atlantic Slave Trade Major Biological Exchanges (Columbian Exchange) New Empires in Asia, Africa, Europe and Americas Gunpowder Empires Colonial administrations Coercive labor systems Slave Systems Rise of Europe Scientific Revolution Enlightenment

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Major Civilizations 1450-1750 The Americas: Aztec, Inca Africa: Kongo, Benin, Oyo, Dahomey, Ashanti, Songhay East Asia: Ming, Qing, Tokugawa South Asia: Mughal

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Continuities 1450-1750 Existing trade routes continued to be important to global exchange No sweeping global cultural changes during this era No systematic changes in gender relations Spread of world religions continued Ex. Christianity to the Americas

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Global Processes 1450-1750 Triangular Trade Network (including Atlantic Slave Trade) Exploration European Colonization of the Americas Columbian Exchange

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1453 Ottomans capture Constantinople

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1488 Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope

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1492 Columbus sails the ocean blue.

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1502 African slaves begin to arrive in the Americas.

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1517 Martin Luther writes the 95 Theses

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1521 Cortez conquered the Aztecs.

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1533 Pizarro conquered the Incas.

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1571 Battle of Lepanto (naval defeat of the Ottomans)

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1588 British defeat the Spanish Armada

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1600 Battle of Sekigahara beginning of Tokugawa Shogunate

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1618-1614 Thirty Years War

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1683 Unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna

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Glorious Revolution & English Bill of Rights

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Review Questions

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In most parts of the world, women continue to occupy a secondary status. In most societies, marriage was primarily an economic arrangement. In a limited and gradual sense, some parts of Europe began to develop a greater awareness of the injustice of the position women held in society. Aristocratic women and increasingly middle class women had informal forms of influence over husbands and sons, the education of children, running households and businesses and managing finances. A handful of monarchs were women. Women 1450 - 1750

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Economic Trends 1450-1750 Rise of a global trade network Emergence of Europe as a world economic power Decline in the power of nomadic groups Inflation as a result of increase in gold and silver New major trade network (Atlantic) Increase in the importance of trade-based wealth vs. land- based wealth New labor systems Enslavement of Native American and Africans by Europeans European colonial economies in the Americas heavily dependant on based on slave labor

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Demographic Trends 1450-1750 Migration of Europeans to the Americas Forced migration of Africans to the Americas Overall global population increase Largest increases in population were in Europe and Asia

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Environmental Trends 1450 1750 Transfer of plants, animals and diseases via the Columbian Exchange Increase agricultural development

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Cultural and Intellectual Developments 1450 - 1750 European Renaissance Protestant Reformation European Enlightenment Increase in the influence of Neo-Confucianism in China New art forms in the Mughal Empire in India

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Land-based Powers 1450 -1750 Ottoman Empire Safavid Empire (Persia/Present-day Iran) Mughal Empire (India) Ming and Qing China Tokugawa Japan Songhay (Songhai) Empire (western Africa) Benin

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Sea-based Powers 1450 1750 Portugal Spain France England

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Reasons for Rise in European Population Introduction of potatoes and corn from the New World European agricultural revolution

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Rise of Europe 1450 - 1750 Before 1400s Europe is behind 1500s 1600s Europe is about even 1700s Europe is beginning to pass other parts of the world in terms of wealth and technology 1800s Europe is becoming a dominant economic and military world power and there is an increase in European imperial activity

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Political Developments in Europe 1450 - 1750 1 st World Wars (ex. 7 Years War) Rise of Nation-States New forms of monarchy Absolute Monarchies Parliamentary Governments

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Divine right Monarch get their right to rule from God; therefore, this right cannot be taken away

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Nation-state Solid political units with relatively fixed borders, a sense of national unity and mostly homogeneous populations ethnically and linguistically

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Social Developments in Europe 1450 - 1750 Social diversification as a result of the growing importance of nonagricultural occupations (ex. Banking, commerce, trade, shop keeping, artisanry, craftsmanship) Rise of middle class (bourgeoisie)

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Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) Qing Dynasty (1644-

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Japan was disunified Governed by military shoguns Feudal wars Independent states ruled by landed aristocracy (daiymo)

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Tokugawa Ieyasu Tokugawa Shogunate ruled from 1603-1868.

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Ottoman Safavid Mughal

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Ottoman N. Africa, SE Europe, SW Asia Safavid Present day Iran Mughal northern India

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Central Asia

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The Sultan

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Sultans did not marry The heir was not necessarily the oldest son

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Istanbul

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Suleiman the Magnificent (aka Suleiman the Lawgiver)

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janissaries

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elite social network made up mostly of the sultans relatives

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The Shah

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Persian Culture Religion Shiite Muslim

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Persian Rugs

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Mongol warlord Babur (aka the Tiger) in 1520

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textiles

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The Taj Mahal