Europeans in Asia: Europeans in Asia: 1450-17501450-1750Mr. RosemanMr. Roseman

Tasks for you to complete:

1.Read through the PowerPoint. Generally, it follows the text for the first half of Chapter 22. If you need further clarification, check out the reading on pages 482-491 as you go through the PowerPoint.

2.On the next slide, is a link to a “Crash Course” video on the Indian Ocean Trade network during the POST-CLASSICAL ERA. Please watch this video review before moving on to the rest of the PowerPoint.

3.On the last 2 slides of this PowerPoint are 4 questions dealing with “Christian Outreach in the Indian Ocean World” and then 4 more questions on “Early Impacts of Europeans on the Indian Ocean World by 1700”. Use the given textbook pages listed on those two slides to answer these questions completely on a separate sheet of notebook paper. These will be due on Monday.

Crash Course World History:Crash Course World History:

• Please watch this video review of the Indian Please watch this video review of the Indian Ocean Trade Network in the Post-Classical Era!Ocean Trade Network in the Post-Classical Era!

• Hang on! He goes quickly!Hang on! He goes quickly!

• Click here for the video link.Click here for the video link.

• If the link does not open, go to YouTube and search for “Crash Course, Int’l If the link does not open, go to YouTube and search for “Crash Course, Int’l Trade, Snorkeling Camels, and the Indian Ocean Trade”Trade, Snorkeling Camels, and the Indian Ocean Trade”

Q: What was the nature of Indian Ocean trade Q: What was the nature of Indian Ocean trade c1500?c1500?((What was the Indian Ocean trade network like What was the Indian Ocean trade network like at the time Western Europeans first arrived?at the time Western Europeans first arrived?))

Arabzone

Indian zone

Chinese zone

Slaves

Gold

Ivory

Carpets

Textiles

Horses

Cotton textiles

Gems

Salts

Spices

Silk

Porcelain

Spices

SilverOrmuz

Malacca

= chokepoint for trade

• Vast trade networkVast trade network– 3 zones: Arab, Indian, Chinese3 zones: Arab, Indian, Chinese– Unique goods exportedUnique goods exported

• coastal routescoastal routes• ““choke points”choke points”• Muslims most common Muslims most common • Muslims & Asian powers Muslims & Asian powers

divideddivided• no central controlno central control• peaceful tradepeaceful trade

• Europeans begin involvementEuropeans begin involvement– Portuguese 1Portuguese 1stst

– Vasco da GamaVasco da Gama to Calicut, to Calicut, India: 1498India: 1498

Q: What was the nature of Indian Ocean trade at Q: What was the nature of Indian Ocean trade at the time W.Europeans first arrived there?the time W.Europeans first arrived there?

Arab dhow on the Indian Ocean

Calicut

Europeans access the Indian Ocean Trade Europeans access the Indian Ocean Trade NetworkNetwork India has:

-Fair trade

-Cotton textiles

-Gems

-Salts

-Spices

Portugal has:

-Little wealth in comparison

-mercantilist economic policy

“Do you want our iron pots?!”

Europeans ask themselves: “How can we gain consistent

access to Asian goods in a way that benefits us?”

•We’ll use Force!

Indian Ocean Trade Network:Indian Ocean Trade Network:

Europeans try to consolidate their powerEuropeans try to consolidate their power For the PortugueseFor the Portuguese: : • mercantilist policy dominatesmercantilist policy dominates• seek spice trade monopolyseek spice trade monopoly

– Try to control entire Indian O. trade Try to control entire Indian O. trade networknetwork

• royal control of Portuguese traderoyal control of Portuguese trade• superior fire-powersuperior fire-power

– defeat Asian navies (ex. defeat Asian navies (ex. Ottomans)Ottomans)

• Christian missionChristian mission– esp. Catholics (Jesuits)esp. Catholics (Jesuits)

• seize choke pointsseize choke points– Goa (India), Malacca Goa (India), Malacca

(Malaysia)(Malaysia)• forts & warehouses (factories)forts & warehouses (factories)• tribute systemtribute system

Portugal lost its Early Portugal lost its Early Advantage…Advantage…• Portuguese weaknesses Portuguese weaknesses

exploited by Dutch & English exploited by Dutch & English – What were these weaknesses?What were these weaknesses?

• Portuguese were too few in # to control Portuguese were too few in # to control tradetrade

• Impossible to control all Asian merchants Impossible to control all Asian merchants in Indian O.in Indian O.

• Dutch – Dutch East Indies Co.Dutch – Dutch East Indies Co.– focus on East Indies (Spice Islands, focus on East Indies (Spice Islands,

Indonesia)Indonesia)• captured Malaccacaptured Malacca• established. Batavia on Javaestablished. Batavia on Java

– more realistic monopoly goalsmore realistic monopoly goals– Integrate into pre-existing trade Integrate into pre-existing trade

network (transport goods for Asians network (transport goods for Asians + ship goods to Europe)+ ship goods to Europe) $$$ $$$

• English – British East India Co.English – British East India Co.– focus on Indiafocus on India– India later becomes “jewel” in the India later becomes “jewel” in the

crown of the British Empirecrown of the British Empire

Ceylon (Sri

Lanka)

Java (Indonesia)

Key Commodities for Export to EuropeKey Commodities for Export to Europe

Batavia in the 17Batavia in the 17thth Century Century

-new capital of the Dutch East Indies-new capital of the Dutch East Indies

(modern-day Jakarta, Indonesia)(modern-day Jakarta, Indonesia)

European strength was limited European strength was limited in the Indian Ocean Trade in the Indian Ocean Trade NetworkNetwork• Control sea & coastline and…Control sea & coastline and…

• only Some degree of dominance only Some degree of dominance over locals…over locals…– Dutch on Java (Dutch on Java (Treaty of GijantiTreaty of Gijanti, ,

1757)1757)– Spanish in Northern Philippines Spanish in Northern Philippines – tribute systems w/limited authoritytribute systems w/limited authority

• ..but Europeans not far inland ..but Europeans not far inland elsewhereelsewhere– Why?Why?

• Europeans became subjects of Europeans became subjects of most foreign Asian powersmost foreign Asian powers– ex. Ming China & Japanex. Ming China & Japan

Christian outreach in Christian outreach in the Indian Ocean Worldthe Indian Ocean World

1.1. Which Christian denomination was Which Christian denomination was strongest in Asian missionary strongest in Asian missionary activity?activity?

2.2. Why was it difficult to win converts to Why was it difficult to win converts to Christianity in areas such as India, Christianity in areas such as India, Indonesia, & areas of the Philippines?Indonesia, & areas of the Philippines?

3.3. What strategies were practiced to win What strategies were practiced to win converts?converts?

4.4. How successful were these How successful were these missionaries?missionaries?

Francis Xavier

Matteo Ricci

Use the reading on pages 490-491 to help you answer these questions.

Early Impacts of Europeans in the Early Impacts of Europeans in the Indian Ocean World by 1700Indian Ocean World by 1700

5.5. To what degree did Europeans impact South & To what degree did Europeans impact South & Southeast Asia?Southeast Asia?

6.6. What became this area’s major commercial centers What became this area’s major commercial centers after European arrival to the Indian Ocean?after European arrival to the Indian Ocean?

7.7. Which had greater impact: Columbian Exchange or Which had greater impact: Columbian Exchange or changes that came with European involvement in changes that came with European involvement in the Indian Ocean trade network?the Indian Ocean trade network?

8.8. In general, how impressed were Asians by the In general, how impressed were Asians by the Europeans?Europeans?

Use the reading on page 502 to help you answer these questions.