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AP World History Questions

1450-1750

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Sir, many of our people, keenly desirous of the waresand things of your Kingdom, which are brought here byyour people, and in order to satisfy their voraciousappetite, seize many of our people, freed and exemptmen, and they kidnap even nobles and the sons ofnobles, and our relatives, and take them to be sold tothe Whites who are in our Kingdoms.

The quotation above comes from a 1526 letter to aEuropean monarch from a king located:

a) on the eastern coast of Africa

b) on the western coast of Africac) on the Pacific coast of Central Americad) on the Pacific coast of South Americae) in the Pacific Islands

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Answer: B

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The economies of the southern colonies of

colonial British America developed mostlike colonial economies in:

a) Canadab) The Dutch East Indies

c) The Caribbean and Brazil

d) Ireland and Scotlande) Massachusetts and New York

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Answer: C

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Between 1500 and 1800, Europeans were primarilyinterested in tropical colonies in the Atlantic and Indian

Oceans and in the Caribbean because:

a) Large profits could be made from products like sugar,coffee, and pepper

b) The major European states were competing with eachother for imperial hegemony

c) These colonies had strategic military importance

d) These areas had small populations and were thuseasy to control

e) Many Europeans were interested in getting away fromEuropes wintry climate

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Answer: A

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Which of the following was the most important factorenabling the Spanish to defeat the Aztec Empire?

a) The Spanish were able to field larger armies than theAztecs

b) The Spanish were able to use their understanding ofAztec culture to create effective propaganda thatweakened Aztec resistance.

c) The Spanish were able to exploit discontent within theAztec state to trigger a revolt of the lower classesagainst the Aztec ruling class.

d) The Spanish were able to form military alliances withother indigenous peoples who were enemies of the

Aztecs.e) The Spanish were able to devise effective

countermeasures to the horse cavalry that formed thebulk of the Aztec army.

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Answer: D

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All of the following have been African

contributions to cultures in the Americasexcept:

a) African forms of religious observanceb) African musical instruments

c) knowledge of how to grow African crops

d) African folkloree) African monetary systems

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Answer: E

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Which of the following are states thatdominated the Mediterranean trade

during the sixteenth century?

a) Italian city-states and the Ottoman Empire

b) The Byzantine Empire and the OttomanEmpire

c) Spain and Portugal

d) The Hapsburg Empire and France

e) The Crusader states

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Answer: A

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The success of the European powers inpenetrating the Asian trading system by 1600

can best be explained by the

a) Asian demand for luxury goods

b) European use of steam powerc) high demand for European agricultural produce

in China and India

d) lower prices of European manufacturedproducts

e) opening of rich silver mines in Peru and Mexico

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Answer: E

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During the eighteenth century, which ofthe following reigned, but did not rule?

a) The Ottoman sultan

b) The king of Francec) The Chinese emperor

d) The Japanese emperor

e) The Russian Tzar

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Answer: D

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In the period 1550-1750, most of the

worlds ten largest cities were located inwhich of the following regions?

a) The Middle Eastb) Western Europe

c) North Africa and southern Europe

d) South Asia

e) East Asia

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Answer: E

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Answer: A

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Which of the following resulted from the arrivalof western Europeans in India and Chinaduring the time period 1450 to 1750?

a) The spread of infectious diseases in India andChina and a drastic drop in their populations

b) The establishment of small European enclavesin India and China

c) A massive drain on silver and gold from Indiaand China

d) A great expansion in slave labor in India and

Chinae) A major disruption of the economies of India

and China

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Answer: B

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All of the following were characteristics ofwestern Europe in the 1400s and 1500sexcept:

a) the growth of capitalism

b) the decline of the feudal system

c) an increasingly urban population

d) the development of improved weaponrye) the continued strength of the Roman

Catholic Church

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Answer: E

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Which of the following statements bestdescribes the relationship between Europeanand Asian commercial interests in the 1500s?

a) Europeans took over the Asian trading networkby force.

b) The trading network in Asia was divided intothree zones Arab, Indian, and Chinese.

c) Europeans imposed a monopoly system on thespice trade.

d) Europeans abandoned any idea of colonizing or

trading directly with Asians in favor of usingAsian intermediaries.

e) Europeans found, after trial and error, that theonly way to benefit from the Asian trading

network was to join it as a peaceful partner.

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Answer: E

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Ghana in the 900s and France in the1600s had which of the following

characteristics in common?

a) Parliamentary government

b) Divine monarchy

c) Matrilineal descent

d) Islame) Trade based on gold and manufacturing

good

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Answer: B

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Which statement most accurately describesPeter the Greats approach to reformingRussia?

a) He reorganized the bureaucracy but did nottouch the military.

b) He chose to adopt technological modernizationsbut did not reform the governmental structure.

c) He adopted some aspects of western Europeanpolitical organization, such as political parties.

d) His many reforms improved the life of the serfs,although he did not end the practice.

e) He used his modernization efforts to tighten hiscontrol over the country.

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Answer: E

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Which of the following statements most accuratelydescribes the differences between the Spanish andPortuguese empires in the Americas?

a) Portuguese Brazil was more dependent on agriculturefor its economic base than was Spanish America.

b) The Catholic Church had more influence overdevelopments in Spanish America than in Brazil.

c) Portugal exercised direct governmental control overBrazil, whereas Spain put little structure in place togovern its colonies.

d) Spanish America, unlike Brazil, developed a multiracialsociety.

e) Spanish America had little in the way of localmanufacturing, whereas Brazil became for the mostpart self-sufficient.

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Answer: B

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Which of the following was a problem commonto the Abbasids, Ottomans, and Mughals?

a) European seizure of the African and SoutheastAsian trading networks.

b) Western technologyc) Lack of a shared land border with Europe.

d) A rigid succession policy that invited conflict.

e) The competing power structure of regionalwarrior aristocrats.

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Answer: E

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Triangular trade referred to the networkconnecting:

a) East Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, andIndia

b) The west coast of Africa, North America,and western Europe

c) The west and east coasts of Africa and

Indiad) India, Southeast Asia, and China

e) China, the Middle East, and the southernEuropean coast of the Mediterranean

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Answer: B

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All of the following were long-termcauses of the Protestant Reformation

except:

a) religious wars in Europe

b) the emergence of European nation-states

c) the political power of the papacy

d) the lax morals of many clergy

e) the call by humanists to simplify Catholicpractices

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Answer: A

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All of the following are true about theEnlightenment except:

a) The Enlightenment spawned the ScientificRevolution

b) According to the thinking of the Enlightenment,religion was based on superstition and should

be discarded.c) Enlightenment thinkers believed in the power ofreason to discover natural law.

d) Enlightenment thinkers owed much to the earlierScholasticism for their view of the value ofeducation.

e) The influence of the Enlightenment can be seenin the Latin American independencemovements of the early 1800s.

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Answer: D

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All of the following were true of theRenaissance except:

a) it was influenced by the Muslim occupation ofSpain.

b) it resulted from Mediterranean trade during theCrusades.

c) it began after the development of regional statesin Europe.

d) it occurred as Byzantium was in decline.

e) it featured a revival of learning that occurredthroughout Europe in the fourteenth century.

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Answer: E

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Compared to European exploration in theIndian Ocean, that of the Chinese:

a) used fewer and smaller ships.

b) covered shorter distances.c) was designed to establish a military

presence.

d) gained strength after the mid-1430s.e) was an effort to spread Confucianism.

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Answer: C

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Between 1450 and 1750, European voyages ofexploration:

a) were designed to break Italian and Muslim trademonopolies.

b) were carried out without knowledge of oceanicconditions.

c) were confined to the Atlantic Ocean.

d) opened up trade relations with Polynesian

islanders.

e) set up African posts that opened up the interiorof the continent to European exploration.

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Answer: A

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Which of the following was true of thecultures of Ming and Qing China?

a) The concept of filial piety wasabandoned.

b) The custom of foot-binding became lessfrequent.

c) The Chinese were introduced to

American food crops.d) Both boys and girls were allowed to takethe civil service exams.

e) China developed an egalitarian society.

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Answer: C

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Between 1500 and 1800, the Islamicempires:

a) abandoned the tradition of steppediplomacy.

b) failed to adapt to the urban areas of thelands they conquered.

c) steadily strengthened in power.

d) did not use gunpowder weapons.

e) were ethnically diverse.

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Answer: E

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Which of the following products werebrought to Europe through the Columbian

Exchange?

a. horses and potatoes

b. horses and tobacco

c. potatoes and sheep

d. potatoes and tobacco

e. sugar and tobacco

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Answer: D

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All of the following trends occurred in thedecades after the outbreak of the bubonic

plague in 1348 EXCEPT:

a) fall in land values and rents

b) rise in real wagesc) reduction in the total land area undercultivation

d) downward trend in the prices ofmanufactured goods

e) decline in the demand for grain

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Answer: D

Whi h f th f ll i t t t b t th

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Which of the following statements about theRenaissance is NOTaccurate?

A) The Renaissance challenged medievalintellectual values and styles

B) The Renaissance encouraged a brasher spiritthat may have helped create a new Westerninterest in exploring

C) The Renaissance failed to develop any newideas concerning political organization

D) The Renaissance was built on a morecommercialized economy

E) The Renaissance had a southern andnorthern phase

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Answer: C

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Which of the following was NOT acharacteristic of the Renaissance?

a) re-emphasis on the culture of antiquity

b) search for balance and proportion in

politics

c) the development of a historical andcritical view of the world

d) strong anti-Christian sentiment

e) confidence in human rationality

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Answer: D

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Which of the following was the primarygoal ofZheng He's expeditions?

A) to eliminate foreign trade with China

B) to establish Chinese trading cities on theIndian Ocean

C) to impress foreign people with the power andmight of the Ming dynasty.

D) to establish diplomatic relations with the

Muslim states trading on the Indian OceanE) to offer military protection and support toChinese merchants in the Indian Ocean

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Answer: C

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Chinese naval expeditions were abruptly endedin 1433 because

A) Zheng He was suspected of building hispersonal power

B) maintaining the fleet was considered a

needless waste of national resourcesC) the voyages had led to several humiliatingdefeats

D) the large Chinese vessels proved to be

unseaworthyE) all of the above

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Answer: B

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What two nations began a maritimerevolution that profoundly altered the

course of world history?

A) Portugal and Spain

B) China and Japan

C) England and France

D) Germany and Russia

E) Greece and Italy

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Answer: A

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The first European country to enter intodirect trade with the Far East and

establish colonies there was:

a) Spain

b) France

c) Britain

d) Portugal

e) Holland

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Answer: D

By the 16th century the center of

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By the 16th century the center ofcommercial activity had shifted from the

Mediterranean to the:

a) Atlantic Ocean

b) Red Seac) Indian Ocean

d) Baltic Sea

e) North Sea

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Answer: A

All of the following helped cause the Age

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All of the following helped cause the Ageof European Exploration EXCEPT:

a) technological advances making long seavoyages possible

b) the desire to spread Christianityc) the Mughals' continued encroachmentinto Central Europe

d) European demand for eastern spices

e) Ottoman expansion threatening accessto the goods of the East

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Answer: C

All f th f ll i f th

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All of the following were causes of theScientific Revolution EXCEPT:

a) improvements in scientific instruments

b) the contributions of medieval universities

c) the recovery of classical scholarshipduring the Renaissance

d) the challenges of navigation during long

sea voyages

e) the active support of the papacy

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Answer: E

The ideas of the Enlightenment challenged the

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The ideas of the Enlightenment challenged thelong-term assumptions about sovereignty andinstead proposed that:

a) true government stems from religious authority

b) governments are bound to the will of the people

c) the best form of government is a democracy

d) all government is inherently unjust; humans arebetter off living in a state of nature

e) church and state should be entirely separate

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Answer: B

Th H ti L li d

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The Hanseatic League monopolizedtrade in the:

a) Mediterranean Sea

b) English Channel

c) Baltic and North Seas

d) Hanse Sea

e) Adriatic and Black Seas

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Answer: C

A result of the Protestant Reformation of the

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A result of the Protestant Reformation of the16th century was the:

A) establishment of state churches in England,Scotland, and northern Germany

B) separation of Church and State in France

C) development of a uniform set of Protestantbeliefs

D) collapse of the temporal and spiritual power

of the PopeE) all of these choices are correct

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Answer: A

The Reformation influenced the development of

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The Reformation influenced the development ofthe modern world primarily by:

a) reducing the power of the state over the lives ofordinary people

b) providing some justification for challenging theabsolute authority of kings

c) discouraging the growth of capitalism, whichwas criticized as being too worldly andmaterialistic

d) believing in complete religious freedom for

everyonee) forcing the Catholic Church to reform itself

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Answer: B

The Spanish term Reconquista refers to which

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The Spanish term Reconquistarefers to whichof the following:

a) Spain's victory over the French in northern Italy

b) the defeat of the Islamic states on the Iberianpeninsula

c) the long sought trade agreement with Portugal

d) the beginnings of Habsburg rule in Spain

e) the sailing of the Armada against England

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Answer: B

Which of the following was the most

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Which of the following was the mostsignificant factor in the rise of national

states in Western Europe?

a) the end of serfdom

b) the acquiring of colonies in the NewWorld

c) the rise of the feudal nobility

d) the need for protection from barbarianinvasions

e) the rise and support of the middle class

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Answer: E

One of the most significant impacts of

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One of the most significant impacts ofsugar cane production on global

economies was

A) widespread deterioration in diet and

nutritionB) the increased demand for slave labor

C) increased demand for tea and coffee

D) increased demand for other luxurygoods, such as porcelain

E) all of the above

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Answer: B

In the New World the Columbian

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In the New World, the ColumbianExchange generally resulted in

A) the introduction of infectious diseases

B) the staggering loss of indigenous

populationsC) the introduction of domesticatedanimals such as cattle and horses

D) the introduction of food crops such aswheat

E) all of the above

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Answer: E

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The labor system that compelled Indiansto work in Spanish mines and fields inexchange for protection and Christianconversion was known as

A) the encomiendasystem

B) the hacienda

C) slaveryD) indentured servitude

E) the repartimientosystem

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Answer: A

Which of the following was not a

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Which of the following was notasignificant factor in Corts's defeat of the

Aztec empire?

A) superior Spanish technology, especiallyswords, muskets, cannons, and horses

B) a devastating smallpox epidemic

C) the inadequate defenses ofTenochtitlan

D) the resentment of many indigenouspeoples to Aztec rule

E) All of the above are factors

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Answer: C

One significant difference in the administration ofE li h l i d h i S i h

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English colonies compared to their Spanishcounterparts was

A) the Spanish crown was less actively involvedin the government of their coloniesB) English governors were elected directly by

the colonists, while Spanish viceroys wereappointed by the crownC) Spanish colonies had powerful localassemblies, while the English did notD) English colonies were often financed byprivate investors, who retained control overcolonial affairsE) the Church played a greater role in theadministration of Spanish colonies

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Answer: D

In spite of the ravages of the slave trade,

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p g ,the population of Africa actually increasedin the eighteenth century due to

A) European settlement of Africa

B) resettlement of Asian workers in partsof Africa

C) the introduction of new staple foodsfrom the Americas

D) improved health and life expectancyE) the cessation of intertribal warfare inAfrica

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Answer: C

The middle passage of the slave trade

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p gwas

A) the forced march of slaves throughcentral Africa from their homelands

B) the holding pens where African captiveswere held before sale to plantation owners

C) the ship voyage across the Atlantic inthe cargo decks

D) the public auction of slaves in theCaribbean

E) none of the above

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Answer: C

On the plantations of the Caribbean and

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On the plantations of the Caribbean andBrazil, slaves

A) thrived because climate and diet weresimilar to Africa

B) suffered heavy losses due to tropicaldiseases and brutal conditions

C) quickly intermarried with the indigenouspopulations

D) formed families and re-created kinshipties similar to those in Africa

E) none of the above

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Answer: B

How did the mining industries of the Americas

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gstimulate global economic growth?

A) Mining increased the demand for labor,sparking the growth of an Indian middle class

B) Mineral ores from Mexico provided the raw

materials for European manufacturingC) The sale of slaves to the mines by thePortuguese resulted in the Portuguese spendingtheir wealth throughout Europe and Africa

D) The Spanish quinto(profit from tax on mineralproducts) circulated throughout European andAsian markets

E) all of the above

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Answer: D

The economic theory of mercantilism would bei t t ith hi h f th f ll i

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consistent with which of the followingstatements?

A) economies will prosper most when trade isrestricted as little as possible

B) colonies are of little economic importance tothe mother country

C) it is vital that a country imports more than itexports

D) tariff barriers should be avoided as much aspossible

E) a government should seek to direct theeconomy so as to maximize exports

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Answer: E

An indentured servant differed from a

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slave in that he or she

A) received wages for their work

B) worked for a limited period of time,

usually 7 years, to repay passage toAmerica

C) was used only for agricultural work

D) was held in servitude for life

E) was ineligible for the 50 acres of landgiven under Virginias head-right system

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Answer: B

Spanish colonization of the New Worldh t i d b ll f th f ll i

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was characterized by all of the followingEXCEPT

A) ruthless exploitation of the NativeAmericans

B) establishing African slavery in theAmericas

C) reliance of large families as settlers.

D) introduction of the horse to AmericaE) the creation of large agriculturalplantations

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Answer: C

European exploration of the Americas resultedi ll f th f ll i EXCEPT th

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in all of the following EXCEPT the

A) introduction of new products to the Americas

B) spread of European diseases, such assmallpox, to the Native Americans

C) introduction of new products to EuropeD) development of unified resistance by theNative Americans to European settlement

E) mixed-race peoples in Mexico and CentralAmerica

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Answer: D

The Mughal Empire is distinguished from

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g p gthe Ottomans and Safavids mostly

because it was

A) A democracy

B) A Hindu land ruled by MuslimsC) Not very war-like

D) Heavily influenced by the Chinese

E) Still controlled by the Mongols

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Answer: B

Why did the Ottoman, Safavid and

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yMughal Empires decline simultaneously?

A) Inability to adjust to the changes inmilitary technology and the world

economyB) Natural disasters

C) The bubonic plague

D) Declining birth rates combined withfertility problems

E) A religious prohibition against banking

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Answer: A

After the period of civil wars ended inJ

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Japan,

A) Japanese leaders fragmented into manyfeuding castes

B) Korea invaded

C) China invaded

D) Japanese leaders established theTokugawa Shogunate, a centralized

military governmentE) Japanese leaders resigned, thus

allowing a true democracy to form

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Answer: D

What European organization was a

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transmitter of science and technology to

China?

A) Society of Jesus, or Jesuits

B) Teutonic KnightsC) The Royal Scientific Society

D) Order of the Cross

E) Knights Templar

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Answer: A

The princes of Muscovy organized af d i

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movement of conquest and expansion

against the

A) Japanese

B) ChineseC) Koreans

D) Golden Horde

E) Tibetans

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Answer: D

How did the growth of a centralizedR i E i ff t th t ?

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Russian Empire affect the peasants?

A) Peasants became serfs, people whowere tied to the land.

B) Peasants were deported and sent togulags.

C) Peasants could move freely at any timeto improve their lot in life.

D) Peasants standard of living improved toa middle class level.

E) It gave the peasants the vote.

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Answer: A

The Janissaries were

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A) Slave women who lived in the sultansharem

B) Christian boys taken from conquered

territories and raised as special forcesC) Regional administrators, who were

granted autonomy in exchange for loyalty

D) Armored, light cavalryE) Eunuchs in service to the sultan

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Answer: B

Peter the Greats program oft i ti i l d d

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westernization included

A) The first secular system of education inRussian history

B) Building a powerful, modern armyC) State sponsorship of new industries

D) Inviting skilled foreign workers to Russia

E) All of the above

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Answer: E

The isolationism of the Tokugawagovernment included

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government included

A) Forbidding Japanese from going abroad

B) Forbidding Chinese and Dutch

merchants from trading at NagasakiC) Forbidding scholars of neo-Confucianism

from teaching in Japan

D) Banning all foreign religions such asConfucianism and Buddhism

E) All of the above

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Answer: A