quintessence of the conventional medicines of an …
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Plant Archives Volume 20 No. 2, 2020 pp. 5277-5291 e-ISSN:2581-6063 (online), ISSN:0972-5210
QUINTESSENCE OF THE CONVENTIONAL MEDICINES OF ANENDEMIC TRIBE OF WEST BENGAL, INDIA
Promit Kumar Ghosal1*, Arunasis Goswami2 and K.C. Dhara3
1*Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, West Bengal State University.Berunanpukuria, Malikpur, Barasat, 24 Parganas (N), Kolkata (West Bengal), India.
2Department, of Veterinary & Animal Husbandry Extension Education, West Bengal University ofAnimal and Fisheries Sciences, Kolkata (West Bengal), India.
3Directorate of Research Extension and Farms, West Bengal University of Animal andFisheries Sciences, Kolkata (West Bengal), India.
AbstractToto is the one and the only endemic endogamous tribe of the state of West Bengal, residing in a small settlement calledTotopara at Madarihat Subdivision of the present Alipurduar District of the state. They have their age old traditionalmedicinal practices which are entirely based on natural resources. The Toto medicine and their medicinal practice is a vastscience and this science has no written documentation. There are hardly 2 to 3 people in the entire Toto community whopractice this system of medicine and recognized as the Medicine man or “Pao”. These people maintain this medicinalknowledge completely based on their regular practice and it carried from one generation to the next based on the ancestralinheritance system. However, due to fast pace of westernization and acculturation of the Toto community this age oldknowledge is at the verge of extinction. In this context, the present study was made with objective to explore the age oldpractice of ethno medicinal practices among this community. The present study reveals that Toto tribe is ethno-botanicallyvery sound. In this present study we are able to collect 91 ethno botanical information treating 39 different ailments. It is veryinteresting to note that this list of ailments comprises very simple as well as very complex diseases like gastric disorder to acomplex diseases like ophthalmic problem and cardiac diseases.Key Words: Toto Tribe, Traditional Medicine, West Bengal.
Introduction“Toto” one and the only endemic tribal group of the
state of West Bengal resided at the Totopara of theMadarihat Subdivision of the Alipurduar District of thestate. This endogamous tribal group in the verge ofextinction, their population is lowering down to less than1000 in the year 1999 but after then with comprehensivedevelopment program initiated by the Government ofWest Bengal their population is now increased to 1500(Census report 2011). This is the only tribal group whichconsumed beef and pork at a time. This endogamoustribal group is again divided into 8 – clans and marriageamong these 8 – clans of Toto tribe is permissible (Sanyal,1973). Others social aspects of this unique tribalcommunity had been studied by different workers like(Mitra, 1951, Majumdar, 1995, 1998, 2010, Toto, 2012
etc.). These Toto people practice traditional medicine tocure their ailments. The medicinal plant wealth of theJalpaiguri district has been studied by (Nandi, 2013,Chatterjee, 2013, Majumdar, 2013, Haldar, 2013 etc.),but in these work nothing is mentioned about the TotoMedicine. Mudgal et al., (1999), first document theEthnobotanical lore of the Toto Tribe but, that work is notcomplete in every respect. There are still some stoneremain unturned regarding the traditional medicinal loreof the Toto tribe, which we try here to do. These peopleare entirely dependent on the nature to meet up their dayto day needs. With the increasing human civilization andrapid spread of industrialization natural abode of this tribalgroup is on the verge of destruction. Besides these thistribal group has no written documentation, they pass theirknowledge wealth in ancestral manner from father toson so, with the extinct of this group specially those 2-3*Author for correspondence : E-mail : [email protected]
people who practice this system of traditional medicine,these vast knowledge of this group related to nature alsowill be vanished. So, to record this vast wealth ofknowledge before they lost entirely ethnobotanicalexploration is the only way to achieve this goal.Area of Study
“Totopara” situated in between 26° 49' 48.00"Nlatitude & 89° 18' 36.00"E longitude covering an area of8.0814sq km. in the Madarihat subdivision of the presentAlipurduar District (erstwhile Jalpaiguri district) of thestate of West Bengal. This area is bounded by the foothillsof Bhutan to the north, Torsha river to the east, Titi riverand Titi reserve forest on the south-west by the Hauririver (Map of Totopara).
The average annual rainfall is 3,900 mm. The summeris rather hot and the mean maximum temperature variesbetween 33-35°C and the mean minimum temperaturein winter varies between 7.5-10°C. This damp warmclimatic condition of the region helps to form a diversegrowth of luxuriant vegetation in the tract. Generally thevegetation pattern is mixed deciduous forest types. Thisis predominantly covered by the dense forests of Sal,mixed with other deciduous and the ever green trees.
Composition of the patches of evergreen forests is riverineKhair-Sisso forests, the Savannah vegetation and densejungles of shrubs, creepers, herbs are also available. Thistract of land is designated as the “anthropological Museumof the state” due to its wide range of diversity of differenttribal communities, which comprises of Rabha,Rajbanghsi, Santal, Munda, Oraon, Polia/Polly, Lepcha,including one and the only endemic tribes the TOTO,etc.
Materials and MethodsThis present work is the outcome of extensive field
work for the last 7 years in different pockets of Totopara.All the information collected from the Toto Medicine menand women of different Toto clan by personal interview.Questioners are prepared based on the standard literatureas mentioned by Jain & Mudgal (1999). In each casevoucher specimens were collected and they are treatedwith standard technique as mentioned by Jain & Rao(1977). For future reference during collection ofinformation local Toto name of every plant along withthe common English name where it is obtained is collected.
In the enumeration list all information is arrange in
Map – Map of Totopara [Totopara layout Source: Majumdar 1993].
5278 Promit Kumar Ghosal et al.
Quintessence of the conventional medicines of an endemic tribe of West Bengal, India 5279
Tabl
e 1:
Lis
t of T
radi
tiona
l Med
icin
e pr
epar
ed fr
om a
rom
atic
and
med
icin
al p
lant
s col
lect
ed fr
om T
otop
ara
of A
lipur
duar
dis
trict
s of W
est B
enga
l dur
ing
field
surv
ey.
Sl.
Fam
ilyB
otan
ical
Vern
acul
arH
abit
&Pa
rts
Use
& F
orm
ulat
ion
No.
Nam
eN
ame
Nam
eH
abita
tU
se1
Aca
nt-
Adh
atod
aB
asak
(To)
Terr
es-
Leaf
1. F
ever
: Fre
sh le
aves
8-1
0 ar
e cl
ean
prop
erly
and
then
put
in a
bra
ss p
ot w
ith it
s app
roxi
mat
eha
ceae
vasi
caB
asak
(B)
trial
/fo
ur ti
mes
wat
er, t
he w
hole
mix
ture
is b
oile
d til
l it c
omes
hal
f of i
ts o
rigin
al v
olum
e. T
he a
queo
usN
ees.
Mal
abar
nut(E
)Sh
rub
obta
ined
is g
iven
@2T
sp fo
r 2-3
times
a d
ay fo
r 3
days
to r
educ
e th
e bo
dy te
mpe
ratu
redu
e to
feve
r. ex
tract
thus
2A
ndro
Chi
rata
Terr
e-Le
af1.
Ski
n di
seas
e (R
ash)
: Han
dful
of f
resh
leav
es a
re p
ut in
a p
ot fu
ll of
boi
led
wat
er fo
r abo
utgr
aphi
s(T
o)st
rial/
2 –
3 ho
urs
and
then
afte
r co
oled
the
soak
ed le
aves
are
squ
eeze
d ge
ntly
to a
sof
t pas
te, t
he p
aste
echi
oK
alm
egh
Her
bth
us o
btai
ned
is a
pplie
d ex
tern
ally
as
poul
tice
with
cot
ton
role
on
the
effe
cted
par
t to
redu
ceid
es(B
)th
e itc
hing
and
ras
h on
the
skin
s. In
cas
e of
acu
tene
ss o
f the
dis
ease
the
rem
aini
ng a
queo
us(L
.)Fa
lse
extra
ct o
f the
leav
es is
kep
t in
a ho
llow
bam
boo
jar a
nd la
ter u
sed
durin
g ba
th.
Nes
s.W
ater
2. J
aund
ice:
Fre
sh L
eave
s are
sque
ezed
in a
mor
tar a
nd ju
ice
thus
obt
aine
d is
giv
en @
2Tsp
full
will
owtw
ice
daily
one
at e
arly
mor
ning
in e
mpt
y st
omac
h an
d th
e se
cond
bef
ore
dinn
er ti
ll co
mpl
ete
(E)
reco
very
. 3. F
ever
with
Col
d: A
han
dful
of f
resh
leav
es a
re b
oile
d w
ith o
ne c
up o
f wat
er a
ndth
e lu
kew
arm
dec
octio
n is
use
d as
nas
al d
rops
to r
elie
f of c
onge
stio
n in
the
nose
and
or
runn
ing
the
luke
war
m A
bout
2 –
5 g
ms.
of r
hizo
me
of B
on-a
da (K
aem
pfer
ia ro
tund
a) a
re fi
nely
cho
pped
into
slic
es a
nd th
ese
slic
es a
re b
oile
d w
ith th
e ab
ove
aque
ous
deco
ctio
n of
the
leav
es th
e w
hole
mix
ture
thus
obt
aine
d is
take
n lik
e C
hai (
Tea)
to re
duce
feve
rish
sens
atio
n.3
Hyg
roph
ilaK
ulek
hara
Aqu
aLe
afB
leed
ing:
schu
lli(B
)/H
erb
i) Fr
esh
Leav
es a
bout
20g
ms
are
clea
ned
and
crus
hed
with
wat
er o
n gr
indi
ng s
tone
; the
aqu
eous
(Buc
h.M
arsh
deco
ctio
n th
us o
btai
ned
is ta
ken
@1T
sp a
t ear
ly m
orni
ng in
em
pty
stom
ach
thric
eH
am.)
M. R
.ba
rbel
in a
wee
k to
sto
p bl
eedi
ng fr
om in
tern
al o
rgan
.et
S. M
.(E
)ii)
Sam
e cr
ushe
d le
aves
are
als
o ap
plie
d di
rect
ly o
n th
e cu
t or w
ound
to st
op b
leed
ing.
Alm
eida
N.B
.: Th
is h
erb
is o
nly
seas
onal
ly a
vaila
ble
near
aqu
atic
site
s on
bank
of H
auri
& T
iti ri
vers
.4
Phlo
gac
Kis
ing
Terr
e-Le
af,
1. A
bdom
inal
pai
n: 1
0-12
flow
ers o
r flo
wer
bud
s are
cle
an p
rope
rly a
nd b
oile
d in
a c
up o
f wat
er.
anth
us(T
o)st
rial/
Roo
t2T
sp o
f the
aqu
eous
ext
ract
thus
obt
aine
d is
giv
en 2
-3tim
es a
day
(m
ust b
e th
e fir
st d
ose
at e
arly
thyr
siflo
rus
Ram
-BSh
rub
&m
orni
ng in
em
pty
stom
ach)
to re
duce
the
pain
.(R
oxb.
)as
ak (B
)Fl
ower
.2.
Cou
gh &
Col
d: L
eaf &
Roo
t in
1:1
ratio
are
cle
an p
rope
rly a
nd c
rush
ed &
squ
eeze
d w
ith a
few
Nee
s.N
ongm
-dr
ops o
f hon
ey, t
he ju
ice
thus
obt
ain
is g
iven
2-3
times
dai
ly ti
ll co
mpl
ete
reco
very
.an
gkha
(E)
3. L
eave
s ar
e al
so u
se a
s fo
dder
to c
attle
.5
Ala
ngi
Ala
ngiu
mA
nkor
a(To
)Te
rres
-R
oot
Dys
peps
ia: R
oot o
r roo
t par
t col
lect
ed fr
om th
e ne
ares
t jun
gle
and
sun
drie
d an
d cr
ushe
d on
bla
ckac
eae
salv
iifol
ium
Aka
raka
nta (
B)
trial
/gr
indi
ng st
one,
the
pow
der t
hus
obta
in is
take
n w
ith a
gla
ss o
f luk
ewar
m w
ater
at e
arly
mor
ning
in(L
.f.)
Sage
-lea
ved
Tree
empt
y st
omac
h to
cur
e in
dige
stio
n.W
ange
rinal
angi
um(E
)6
Ach
yran
Ker
angb
a(To
)Te
rre-
Leaf
1. G
ynec
olog
ical
pro
blem
s inc
ludi
ng a
borti
on: R
oot e
xtra
ct is
giv
en to
mar
ried
wom
en to
trea
tth
esA
pang
(B)
stria
l&
thei
r gyn
ecol
ogic
al p
robl
ems.
In c
ase
of a
borti
ficat
ion
the
root
or
root
par
t is
use.
(Tot
os a
re n
otTa
ble 1
Con
tinue
d....
......
5280 Promit Kumar Ghosal et al.
aspe
rapr
ickl
y/H
erb
Roo
tlik
eto
disc
usse
d m
uch
abou
t the
ir pr
oces
s of
abo
rtific
atio
n tre
atm
ents
ope
nly)
L.ch
aff
2. S
ores
& w
ound
s: F
resh
leav
es a
re c
rush
ed a
nd s
quee
zed
and
thus
the
extra
ct 2
-3 d
rops
are
flow
er (E
)di
rect
ly p
ut u
pon
the
sore
or
wou
nd a
reas
. The
trea
tmen
t con
tinue
s til
l the
wou
nd h
eal u
p to
tally
.7.
Am
aran
-A
mar
aPa
ruch
a(To
)Te
rres
-Le
af3.
Con
stip
atio
n: L
eave
s an
d ro
ots b
oile
d to
geth
er in
2:1
ratio
and
mad
e in
to m
esh
and
mix
ture
thac
eae
nthu
sK
anta
note
(B
)tri
al/
&th
us o
btai
ned
are
give
n @
1/2
cup
at b
edtim
e as
a la
xativ
e.sp
inos
ussp
iny
pig
Her
bR
oot
4. A
bsce
ss: L
eave
s an
d ro
ots
1:1r
atio
are
cru
shed
with
sto
ne m
orta
r pe
stle
and
the
past
eL.
wee
d (E
)th
us o
btai
ned
is a
pplie
d as
pou
ltice
on
absc
esse
s be
fore
bed
time
for
early
sup
pura
tion.
5. L
eave
s ar
e us
ed a
s ve
geta
ble
and
as fo
dder
to c
attle
.8
Am
ara
Ahm
icha
(To)
Terr
es-
Leaf
1. A
ntid
ote:
Sco
rpio
n/C
entip
ede
stin
gs: L
eave
s ar
e cl
eane
d an
d sq
ueez
ed b
etw
een
the
palm
s an
dnt
hes
Not
esak
(B)
trial
/ju
ice
thus
obt
aine
d is
app
lied
imm
edia
tely
on
bitin
g ar
ea to
get
relie
f fro
m p
ain
and
the
burn
ing
virid
isG
reen
Her
bse
nsat
ion
in c
ase
of S
corp
ion
and
Cen
tiped
e st
ings
.L.
Am
aran
th(E
)2.
Who
le p
lant
use
d as
veg
etab
le s
easo
nally
.9
Ana
car-
Man
gife
raTa
itena
msa
iti(T
o)Te
rres
-Le
afEy
e st
ye: T
ende
r lea
ves
2 -5
pie
ces
are
crus
hed
and
sque
ezed
and
juic
e th
us o
btai
ned
is fi
ltere
d.di
acea
ein
dica
L.
Aam
(B)
trial
/Th
e fil
trate
is u
sed
as e
ye d
rops
and
app
lied
on th
e ed
ge o
f the
eye
lids
to r
educ
e th
eM
ango
(E)
Tree
infla
mm
atio
n an
d re
dnes
s of
the
corn
ea a
s w
ell a
s irr
itatio
n of
the
eye
due
to in
fect
ion.
10A
noon
Poly
alth
iaLa
ngay
a(To
)Te
rres
-Ba
rkA
ntid
ote
to S
corp
ion
& C
entip
ede
stin
g: D
ry b
arks
are
cru
shed
with
a st
one
with
a li
ttle
amou
ntac
eae
sube
rosa
Bara
chal
i(B)
trial
/of
Eu
(loca
lly a
vaila
ble
hom
emad
e co
untry
liqu
or) a
nd th
e pa
ste
thus
obt
aine
d is
app
lied
(Rox
b.)
Cor
ky D
ebbe
rTr
eeim
med
iate
ly o
n bi
ting
area
to g
ive
relie
f fro
m p
ain
and
the
burn
ing
sens
atio
n in
cas
e of
Sco
rpio
nTh
wits
Tree
(E)
and
Cen
tiped
e st
ings
.11
Api
acC
ente
llaTi
cha
(To)
Terr
es-
Who
le1.
Indi
gest
ion:
A h
and
full
of fr
esh
leav
es a
re c
lean
ed a
nd s
quee
zed,
the
extra
ct th
us o
btai
ned
is-e
aeas
iatic
aTh
anku
ni (B
)tri
al/
Plan
tus
ed a
s tre
atm
ent o
f Liv
er c
ompl
aint
s. Fo
r bet
ter r
esul
ts, s
eeds
of T
imbu
r (Za
ntho
xylu
m a
rmat
um)
(L.)
Indi
anH
erb
soak
ed in
to d
rinki
ng w
ater
at a
bout
1:4
ratio
for o
vern
ight
, the
n fil
tere
d an
d th
e fil
trate
are
mix
edU
rban
.Pe
nny-
with
pre
viou
s ju
ice
and
mix
ture
thus
obt
aine
d is
use
d as
med
icin
e pr
efer
ably
at e
arly
mor
ning
wor
t (E)
in e
mpt
y st
omac
h. 2
. Who
le o
r par
t of p
lant
is u
sed
as v
eget
able
als
o.12
Apo
cy-
Rau
volfi
aK
oren
-Te
rres
-R
oot
1. U
terin
e co
ntra
ctio
n: R
oots
or p
art o
f roo
ts a
re c
lean
ed a
nd c
rush
ed o
n a
red
ston
e m
orta
r the
nna
ceae
serp
entin
agd
abai
(To)
trial
/m
ixed
few
dro
ps o
f wat
er fr
om a
secr
ete
wat
er-f
alls
(abo
ve B
huta
n hi
lls);
aque
ous
mix
ture
thus
(L.)
Ben
th.
Sarp
og-
Und
erob
tain
ed is
giv
en to
incr
ease
ute
rine
cont
ract
ion
durin
g la
bour
.ex
Kur
z.an
dha
(B)
Shru
b2.
Blo
od p
ress
ure:
Roo
ts o
r par
t of r
oots
are
cle
aned
and
cru
shed
on
a bl
ack
ston
e m
orta
r; th
enIn
dian
the
past
e of
the
root
is b
oile
d w
ith d
rinki
ng w
ater
in a
wid
e m
outh
ed e
arth
en p
ot ti
ll th
e fin
alSn
aker
-so
lutio
n re
duce
d to
1/3
rd o
f its
prim
ary
cont
ent;
the
aque
ous
extra
ct th
us o
btai
ned
is g
iven
tooo
t (E)
cont
rol h
igh
bloo
d pr
essu
re.
13A
ra-
Poth
osH
arso
oTe
rres
-Le
af1.
Sm
all P
ox/M
easl
es: A
han
d fu
ll of
leav
es a
re su
n dr
ied
and
the
drie
d m
ater
ials
cho
pped
into
ceae
Scan
dens
(To)
trial
/&
smal
l pie
ces
and
pow
dere
d w
ith st
one
and
pow
dere
d le
aves
are
app
lied
with
Eu
(loca
lly a
vaila
ble
L.M
oney
Clim
-St
emho
mem
ade
coun
try li
quor
) to
redu
ce th
e po
ckm
arks
due
to s
mal
l pox
pus
tule
s.Pl
ant (
B)
ber
2. F
ract
ure
of B
ones
: A p
aste
is p
repa
red
by m
ixin
g fr
esh
stem
of t
his p
lant
, Dub
a (C
ynod
onCl
imbi
ngda
ctyl
on),
Gur
ja (T
inos
pora
cor
difo
lia) l
eave
s (at
a ra
tio o
f 2:1
) alo
ng w
ith a
bout
50g
ms o
f Kau
ni
Tabl
e 1 C
ontin
ued.
......
...
Tabl
e 1 C
ontin
ued.
......
...
Quintessence of the conventional medicines of an endemic tribe of West Bengal, India 5281
Aro
id (E
)(S
etar
ia it
alic
) pow
der.
The
who
le m
ixtu
re th
us o
btai
ned
is u
sed
as a
ban
dage
mat
eria
l on
the
fract
ured
par
t of t
he b
ody.
Afte
r cov
erin
g w
ith th
e ab
ove
past
e th
e fr
actu
red
parts
are
tied
with
two
or m
ore
split
bam
boo
with
stem
bar
k of
Age
di (C
issa
mpe
los P
erei
ra),
to h
aste
n fr
actu
re.
Poul
tice
is c
hang
ed d
aily
up
to 2
2day
s.14
Scin
daps
usK
anre
Terr
es-
Frui
tB
ody
ache
: 5-6
frui
ts a
s col
lect
ed fr
om th
e ju
ngle
are
cle
aned
with
wat
er a
nd c
rush
ed o
n a
blac
kof
ficin
alis
Laha
ra(T
o)tri
al/
grin
ding
sto
ne a
nd p
aste
thus
obt
aine
d ar
e ap
plie
d ex
tern
ally
on
the
body
or
body
par
ts to
(Rox
b.)
Gaj
pipu
l (B)
Clim
-re
duce
pai
ns &
ach
es.
Scho
ttLo
ng p
eppe
r (E)
ber
15A
ster
-A
gera
tum
Ahe
mna
ngm
iTe
rres
-Le
afB
leed
ing:
A h
andf
ul o
f ten
der l
eave
s ar
e co
llect
ed, c
lean
ed a
nd s
quee
zed
betw
een
both
pal
ms
and
acea
eco
nyzo
ides
(To)
Kuk
ursu
ka/
trial
/th
e ju
ice
thus
obt
aine
d is
app
lied
dire
ctly
on
the
wou
nded
are
a of
the
body
or b
ody
part(
s) a
s pe
rL.
Occ
hunt
i (B
)H
erb
requ
ired
quan
tity
to s
top
blee
ding
.G
oatw
eed
(E)
16A
rtem
isia
Dun
gchu
(To)
Terr
es-
Who
le1.
Ant
isep
tic: L
eave
s ar
e cl
eane
d ca
refu
lly a
nd c
rush
ed o
n a
ston
e an
d th
us p
repa
re p
aste
isni
lagi
rica
Nag
adan
a(B
)tri
al/
Plan
tap
plie
d ei
ther
dire
ctly
or
with
few
dro
ps o
f hon
ey to
redu
ce th
e po
ssib
ility
of i
nfec
tion
of w
ound
.(C
.B.
Indi
anSh
rub
1. A
sthm
a: B
idi (
a lo
cal c
igar
) is p
repa
red
from
sun
drie
d flo
wer
ing
head
s kep
t in
‘Tar
apat
a’Cl
arke
)w
orm
(Mac
aran
ga d
entic
ulat
a) le
aves
and
sm
oked
by
adul
ts to
red
uce
the
brea
thle
ssne
ss in
ast
hma
Pam
p.w
ood
and
in c
ase
of c
hild
ren
belo
w th
e ag
e of
12
a fu
me
of th
e sa
me
is in
hale
d.(E
)2.
Joi
nt-p
ain:
Roo
t are
cle
aned
and
cru
shed
on
a st
one
and
the
past
e th
us p
repa
re is
app
lied
as p
oulti
ce o
n ef
fect
ed jo
ints
to r
elie
ve p
ain.
17B
iden
sA
gedi
(To)
Terr
estr-
Leaf
Sore
s &
Wou
nds:
Ten
der
leav
es a
re c
lean
ed a
nd s
quee
zed
and
juic
e th
us o
btai
ned
is a
pplie
d on
pilo
sa L
.bl
ackj
ack
(E)
ial/H
erb
wou
nded
are
a ex
tern
ally
. Afte
r app
licat
ion
avoi
d to
uchi
ng w
ater
on
that
wou
nded
are
a.18
Trid
axB
otua
-Te
rres
-Le
afB
leed
ing:
A h
andf
ul o
f ten
der l
eave
s ar
e co
llect
ed, c
lean
ed a
nd s
quee
zed
betw
een
both
pal
ms
and
proc
umbe
nssi
ngdi
(To
)tri
al/
the
juic
e th
us o
btai
ned
is a
pplie
d di
rect
ly o
n th
e w
ound
ed a
rea
of th
e bo
dy o
r bo
dy p
art(s
) as
L.Tr
idak
hya
(B)
Her
bpe
r re
quire
d qu
antit
y to
sto
p bl
eedi
ng a
nd q
uick
hea
ling
of th
e w
ound
(s).
Coa
tbut
tons
(E)
19Bi
xaBi
xaD
utas
ing
Terr
es-
Bark
1. D
ysen
tery
: Bar
k is
cho
pped
into
smal
l pie
ces a
nd is
boi
led
in a
wid
e m
outh
ed e
arth
en p
ot u
ntil
ceae
orel
lana
/Yek
ungs
he(T
o)tri
al/
&fin
al s
olut
ion
beco
me
1/3r
d of
prim
ary
cont
ent,
the
aque
ous
infu
sion
thus
obt
aine
d is
giv
en 3
-4La
tkan
/Sin
dure
(B)
Shru
bSe
eds
times
day
till
the
mot
ion
stop
s an
d st
omac
h-ac
he is
cur
ed. A
fter
reco
very
adm
inis
tere
d cu
rry
Lips
tick
tree(
E)m
ixed
with
Sin
gdi-p
eikh
ati (
Paed
eria
foet
ida)
& P
endr
asin
g (M
urra
ya k
oeni
gii)
for 2
–3 d
ays i
nac
cord
ance
with
the
acut
enes
s of
the
dise
ase.
2. A
nim
al b
ites
or In
sect
stin
gs: F
or a
ny o
f suc
hoc
casi
on im
med
iate
ly fe
w d
ried
seed
s ch
oppe
d in
to p
owde
red
with
sto
ne m
orta
r or
any
hea
vym
ater
ials
and
thus
dry
pow
der
appl
ied
arou
nd th
e af
fect
ed a
reas
to r
educ
e th
e ch
ance
of i
nfec
tion.
20Bo
ragi
-C
ordi
aD
aisi
ng (T
o)Te
rres
-Le
af1.
Ulc
ers:
Ten
der l
eave
s 4-5
are
cle
aned
and
sque
ezed
gen
tly in
bet
wee
n pa
lm a
nd ju
ice
thus
nace
aedi
ctom
aB
ahan
ari (
B)
trial
/&
obta
ined
is th
en m
ixed
with
few
dro
ps o
f hon
ey a
nd a
pplie
d im
med
iate
ly o
n th
e ul
cer t
o ha
sten
Fors
t. F.
Indi
an C
herr
y (E
)Tr
eeFr
uit
the
heal
ing.
2. H
eada
che:
Fre
sh m
atur
e lea
ves (
late
x be
arin
g) 5
-6 ar
e put
on
fire f
or ab
out 2
–3 m
inut
es,
then
coo
led
for ½
min
utes
and
then
app
lied
on th
e fo
rehe
ad ti
ll th
e le
aves
are
tota
lly c
oole
d.
Tabl
e 1 C
ontin
ued.
......
...
Tabl
e 1 C
ontin
ued.
......
...
5282 Promit Kumar Ghosal et al.
Now
-a-d
ays
they
app
ly s
ome
mar
ket a
vaila
ble
oil o
n th
e fo
rehe
ad b
efor
e th
e ab
ove
fom
enta
tion
proc
ess.
3. F
ruits
are
edi
ble,
and
con
sum
ed a
s ve
geta
ble.
21Ca
ppar
i-C
appa
risSi
mbr
i (To
) Kal
o-Te
rres
-Le
afG
out:
Leav
es a
bout
8-1
0 br
uise
d on
sto
ne p
estle
and
juic
e th
us o
btai
ned
is s
oake
d in
a c
otto
nda
ceae
zeyl
anic
a L.
kera
/Kaa
lker
a (B
)tri
al/
role
and
use
d as
pou
ltice
on
the
join
ts d
urin
g be
dtim
e fo
r 7 d
ays
to re
duce
the
pain
. It m
ay b
eC
eylo
n C
aper
(E)
Shru
bco
ntin
ued
afte
r 7d
ays
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith th
e ac
uten
ess
of th
e pa
in.
22C
aryo
ph-
Dry
mar
iaM
akai
bi (T
o)Te
rres
-Le
af1.
Con
stip
atio
n &
Indi
gest
ion:
8-1
0 fr
esh
leav
es a
re b
oile
d an
d de
coct
ion
thus
obt
aine
d is
filte
red
ylla
ceae
cord
ata
(L.)
Avija
l (B
)tri
al/
and
the
filtra
te is
giv
en @
1/2
cup
at b
edtim
e as
to tr
eat c
onst
ipat
ion
and
to p
reve
nt d
iges
tive
Will
d. E
xTr
opic
alH
erb
prob
lem
. 2. C
omm
on C
old:
Bid
i (a
loca
l cig
ar) i
s pre
pare
d fro
m a
han
dful
of s
un d
ried
leav
es k
ept i
nRo
em. &
Chi
ckw
eed
(E)
‘Tar
apat
a’ (
Mac
aran
ga d
entic
ulat
a le
aves
) an
d sm
oked
by
adul
ts fo
r th
e re
cove
ry fr
om g
iddi
ness
Schu
lt.an
d in
cas
e of
chi
ldre
n be
low
the
age
of 1
2 a
fum
e of
the
sam
e is
inha
led.
23Co
mbr
e-Te
rmin
alia
Arju
nTe
rres
-R
oot
Men
orrh
agia
: Par
ts o
f roo
t is
roas
ted
on c
harc
oal a
nd b
ruis
es w
ith fe
w d
rops
of ‘
Eu’ (
Loca
l cou
nt-
tace
aear
juna
(Ro-
(To,
B, E
)tri
al/
ry li
quor
mad
e fr
om M
arua
i.e.
Ele
usin
e co
raca
na) a
nd th
e ju
ice
thus
obt
aine
d is
giv
en tw
ice
daily
xb. e
x D
C.)
Tree
with
the
follo
win
g di
rect
ives
i.e.
to ta
ke th
e ju
ice
at e
arly
mor
ning
tow
ards
faci
ng th
e ea
st a
nd a
tw
t. &
Arn
.ev
enin
g to
war
ds fa
cing
the
wes
t to
stop
hea
vy o
r pr
olon
g m
enst
ruat
ion
blee
ding
.24
Con
volv
-Con
volv
ulus
Cha
ngdi
(To)
Terr
es-
Roo
tC
onst
ipat
ion:
Roo
ts c
lean
ed a
nd th
orou
ghly
cru
shed
with
sto
ne m
orta
r; th
e ju
ice
thus
obt
aine
dul
acea
ear
vens
is L
.H
iron
khur
i/Har
-tri
al/
is g
iven
app
roxi
mat
e 1/
2 cu
p at
bed
time
as p
urga
tive
for t
he tr
eatm
ent o
f con
stip
atio
n.in
Khu
ra(B
)Fie
-H
erb
ld B
indw
eed
(E)
25C
ucur
bita
Yana
sing
(To)
Terr
es-
Stem
Abd
omin
al p
ain:
5 to
6 s
mal
l pie
ces o
f Jui
cy st
em is
put
into
a b
rass
pot
and
boi
led
for 1
0 m
inut
espe
po L
.Sq
uash
(B, E
)tri
alw
ith a
cup
of w
ater
. The
aqu
eous
ext
ract
thus
obt
aine
d is
giv
en @
2Tsp
for 2
-3tim
es in
a d
ay/C
limbe
r (m
ust b
e th
e fir
st d
ose
at e
arly
mor
ning
in e
mpt
y st
omac
h) to
redu
ce th
e co
lic p
ain.
26C
ucu-
Mom
ordi
caA
mba
rshi
(To)
Terr
es-
Leaf
1. F
ever
: Fre
sh le
aves
8-1
0 ar
e cl
eane
d pr
oper
ly a
nd d
ecoc
tion
thus
obt
aine
d is
giv
en @
2Tsp
rbita
coch
inch
in-
Kan
krol
(B)
trial
/&
with
ligh
t foo
d fo
r 2-3
times
in a
day
for 3
day
s to
redu
ce th
e bo
dy te
mpe
ratu
re.
ceae
ensi
s (Lo
ur.)
Chi
nese
Clim
-St
em2.
Mou
th o
dor:
Thic
k pa
rt of
ste
m is
cut
into
sm
all p
iece
s an
d th
us u
sed
as b
rush
ing
on te
eth
Spre
ngC
ucum
ber (
E)be
rfo
r mou
th re
fresh
ing
and
to c
ontro
l inf
ectio
n fro
m b
acte
ria o
n gu
ms.
27D
illen
i-D
illen
iaK
untin
g (T
o)Te
rres
-Fr
uit
1. C
oolin
g ag
ent:
A h
andf
ul o
f fru
its a
re p
ut in
to a
bra
ss p
ot w
ith 3
-4 c
ups
of d
rinki
ng w
ater
and
acea
epe
ntag
yna
L.B
on-c
halta
(B)
trial
/so
aked
for
over
nigh
t, th
en th
e in
fusi
on th
us o
btai
ned
is fi
ltere
d an
d th
e fil
trate
is g
iven
Dog
Tea
k (E
)Tr
eeap
prox
imat
e on
e cu
p as
trad
ition
al m
edic
ine
pref
erab
ly a
t ear
ly m
orni
ng in
em
pty
stom
ach.
The
rem
aini
ng s
oake
d fr
uits
cru
shed
on
a st
one
and
the
past
e th
us a
pplie
d ex
tern
ally
on
skin
as
a co
olin
g ag
ent f
or th
e re
lief o
f bur
ning
sen
satio
n.1.
Rip
ped
fruits
are
med
ium
cru
shed
and
use
d in
pre
para
tion
of P
ickl
e.28
Euph
or-
Bre
ynia
Mim
aisi
ng (T
o)Te
rres
-Pl
ant
Eye
infe
ctio
n: T
ende
r lea
ves
2 -5
pie
ces a
re c
rush
ed g
ently
in b
etw
een
palm
s an
d th
e ju
ice
thus
bice
aere
tusa
(D)
Chi
tki (
B) C
uptri
al/
obta
ined
is fi
ltere
d, th
e fil
trate
is u
sed
as e
ye d
rops
and
app
lied
on th
e ed
ges
of th
e ey
e lid
s to
Sauc
er P
lant
(E)
Shru
bre
duce
the
infla
mm
atio
n an
d re
dnes
s of
the
corn
ea a
s w
ell a
s irr
itatio
n of
the
eye
due
to in
fect
ion.
29Eu
phor
bia
Cha
pang
sing
(To)
Terr
es-
Late
x1.
Bro
nchi
tis: W
hole
pla
nt is
cho
pped
into
smal
l pie
ces
and
is b
oile
d w
ith a
gla
ssfu
l of d
rinki
nghi
rta L
.K
hirik
a (B)
trial
/&
wat
er in
a b
rass
pot
unt
il th
e fin
al s
olut
ions
red
uced
to 1
/3rd
of p
rimar
y co
nten
t, de
coct
ion
thus
Tabl
e 1 C
ontin
ued.
......
...
Tabl
e 1 C
ontin
ued.
......
...
Com
mon
Her
bPl
ant
obta
ined
is g
iven
@2T
sp fo
r 3-4
tim
es d
aily
to c
lear
the
muc
us.
Spur
ge (E
)2.
Ast
hma:
Lea
ves
are
chop
ped
into
smal
l pie
ces
and
are
boile
d w
ith a
gla
ssfu
l of d
rinki
ng w
ater
ina
bras
s po
t unt
il th
e fin
al s
olut
ion
beco
me
1/3r
d of
its
prim
ary
cont
ent.
A c
up fu
ll of
this
aqu
eous
extra
ct is
mix
ed w
ith a
few
dro
ps o
f hon
ey a
nd ta
ken
like
Cha
i (te
a) tw
ice
daily
to g
et re
lief o
fbr
eath
less
ness
. 3. B
oils
& B
liste
rs: B
y sq
ueez
ing
the
plan
t (ex
clud
ing
root
por
tion)
gen
tlybe
twee
n tw
o pa
lms,
the
late
x is
com
es o
ut, t
he ju
ice
thus
obt
aine
d is
app
lied
dire
ctly
ove
r the
boils
for
early
sup
pura
tion.
30G
olch
idio
nJa
mba
isin
g (T
o)Te
rres
-Ba
rkSt
omac
h di
sord
er: B
ark
abou
t 10g
ms c
hopp
ed in
to sm
all p
iece
s and
put
it in
to d
rinki
ng w
ater
at
spha
erog
y-tri
al/
abou
t 1:6
ratio
for s
oaki
ng o
vern
ight
, the
infu
sion
thus
obt
aine
d is
then
filte
red
and
the
filtra
te is
num
Kur
z.Tr
eegi
ven
½ c
up a
s med
icin
e pr
efer
ably
at e
arly
mor
ning
in e
mpt
y st
omac
h fo
r 1 o
r 2 d
ays.
31Ja
troph
aSa
da o
r Sw
etTe
rres
-St
emTo
otha
che:
Ste
ms
are
cut i
nto
piec
es &
use
as
toot
h st
icks
and
or
brus
hes
at m
orni
ng a
nd o
rcu
rcus
L.
Vere
nda (
B)
trial
/w
hile
feel
ing
seve
re p
ain.
Usu
ally
Tot
os c
olle
ct th
is st
ick
regu
lar b
asis
whi
le c
olle
ctin
g th
eir
Phys
ic N
ut (E
)Sh
rub
fire
woo
d in
the
jung
le.
32K
irgan
elia
Dirs
ai (T
o)Te
rres
-Le
af1.
Ble
edin
g gu
m: 8
-10
tend
er le
aves
are
sque
ezed
in b
etw
een
palm
s, ju
ices
thus
obt
ain
is so
aked
retic
ulat
aB
huin
amla
(B)
trial
/w
ith a
fres
h co
tton
ball
and
appl
ied
dire
ctly
on
affe
cted
gum
s to
sto
p bl
eedi
ng a
nd h
ealin
g(P
oir.)
Bai
ll.B
lack
-hon
eySh
rub
quic
kly.
Afte
r 15-
20 m
inut
es w
ash
mou
th w
ith c
old
wat
er. T
he p
roce
ss m
ay c
ontin
ue fo
r 2-3
day
Shru
b (E
)at
ear
ly m
orni
ng. 2
. Too
thac
he: S
ame
Juic
e so
aked
with
a fr
esh
cotto
n ba
ll an
d is
to a
pply
dire
ctly
insi
de th
e ea
r car
eful
ly s
o th
at it
sho
uld
not g
o m
uch
deep
in th
e ea
r-pa
ssag
e to
red
uce
toot
hach
e.33
Phyl
lant
hus
Mai
she
(To)
Terr
es-
Shoo
tTo
otha
che:
Ten
der
shoo
ts a
re c
ut in
to s
mal
l pie
ces
and
then
one
pie
ce is
tied
with
a th
read
and
embl
ica L
.A
mla
(B)
trial
/pl
aced
on
the
side
of t
he e
ar e
xter
nally
con
side
ring
the
sam
e si
de o
f the
affe
cted
teet
h. T
he w
hole
Indi
anTr
eepr
oces
s is
don
e in
the
early
mor
ning
bef
ore
sunr
ise.
It is
obs
erve
d th
at a
s th
e st
em d
ried
up th
e pa
ingo
oseb
erry
(E)
redu
ces
grad
ually
.34
Ric
inus
Rer
i (To
)Te
rres
-B
eans
1. V
erm
ifuge
: Col
lect
ed b
ens
are
crus
hed
in a
n iro
n m
orta
r, th
en p
ress
& sq
ueez
e an
d ob
tain
oil
com
mun
is L
.Er
anda
/Rer
i (B
)tri
al/
drop
s, w
hich
is fu
rther
filte
red
thro
ugh
a ba
mbo
o si
eve
and
the
filtra
te 1
-2 d
rops
of o
il is
Cas
tor o
ilSh
rub
give
n to
the
smal
l chi
ld a
t mor
ning
in e
mpt
y st
omac
h to
exp
el th
e in
test
inal
wor
ms.
2. C
onst
ipat
ion:
plan
t (E)
Abo
ut 1
Tspf
ull o
il is
giv
en b
y w
eekl
y to
an
adul
t afte
r di
nner
for t
he tr
eatm
ent o
f con
stip
atio
n.35
Flac
ourt-
Gyn
ocar
dia
Got
asin
g (T
o)Te
rres
-Se
ed1.
Ski
n D
isea
ses (
Scab
ies)
: A h
andf
ul o
f See
ds in
who
le a
re b
oile
d in
mus
tard
oil
for 2
0–30
min
utes
,ia
ceae
odor
ata
Cha
ulm
ugra
(B)
trial
/&
then
coo
led
and
filte
red;
filtr
ate
thus
obt
aine
d is
use
d as
med
icat
ed m
assa
ge o
il an
d ap
ply
exte
rna-
R. B
r.C
hhal
Mog
ra (E
)Tr
eeFr
uit
lly o
n af
fect
ed a
reas
to c
ure.
2. P
ulps
of f
ruits
are
eat
en a
fter b
oilin
g in
wat
er b
y th
e lo
cal p
eopl
e.36
Faba
-A
caci
aB
ichi
(To)
Terr
eBa
rk,
1. A
nti-d
andr
uff:
Bar
k ab
out 1
0gm
s chi
pped
into
smal
l pie
ces a
nd p
ut in
to lu
kew
arm
wat
er a
tce
aePe
nnat
aBi
swal
(B)
stria
l/Fr
uits
abou
t 1:6
ratio
for
soak
ing
over
nigh
t, th
en fi
ltere
d an
d th
e fil
trate
infu
sion
thus
obt
aine
d is
(L) W
illd
Rus
tyCl
imbe
r&
Ste
map
plie
d on
sca
lp a
s m
edic
ine
pref
erab
ly b
efor
e ba
th to
avo
id d
andr
uff.
mim
osa (
E)2.
Ant
idot
e to
Sna
ke b
ite: T
ende
r bar
ks a
re c
hipp
ed &
cru
shed
with
a st
one
mor
tar
and
add
little
am
ount
of E
u (lo
cally
ava
ilabl
e ho
mem
ade
coun
try li
quor
mad
e fr
om M
arua
i.e.
Ele
usin
eco
raca
na);
the
mix
ture
then
filte
red
and
the
filtra
te th
us o
btai
ned
is a
pplie
d im
med
iate
ly o
n bi
ting
area
as
anti-
veno
m to
giv
e re
lief f
rom
pai
n an
d th
e bu
rnin
g se
nsat
ion
from
sna
ke p
oiso
n. 3
. Fru
its
Tabl
e 1 C
ontin
ued.
......
...
Tabl
e 1 C
ontin
ued.
......
...
Quintessence of the conventional medicines of an endemic tribe of West Bengal, India 5283
& S
tem
toge
ther
are
mix
ed, c
rush
ed a
nd th
e m
ixtu
re is
spre
ad o
n th
e w
ater
bod
ies
as fi
sh st
upifi
er.
37B
utea
Pala
sh (T
o, B
)Te
rres
-Le
afVe
rmifu
ge: F
resh
leav
es 8
-10
are
boile
d w
ith g
lass
ful o
f drin
king
wat
er in
a b
rass
pot
unt
il th
em
onos
perm
aFl
ame
of th
etri
al/
solu
tion
final
ly r
educ
ed to
½ o
f the
prim
ary
cont
ent;
deco
ctio
n th
us o
btai
ned
is g
iven
@1T
sp(L
am.)
Fore
st (E
)Tr
eeby
wee
kly
to th
e sm
all c
hild
ren
whi
le e
mpt
y st
omac
h in
the
mor
ning
to e
xpel
the
inte
stin
e w
orm
s.38
Cas
sia
Luto
daba
i (To
)Te
rres
-Le
afSk
in d
isea
ses
(Rin
gwor
m):
Leav
es a
nd fr
uits
app
roxi
mat
ely
in e
qual
am
ount
are
cru
shed
toge
ther
alat
a L.
Daa
dmor
don
(B)
trial
/&
on a
sto
ne p
estle
and
the
past
e th
us p
repa
re is
app
lied
on in
fect
ed a
reas
pre
fera
bly
at b
edtim
e.C
andl
e Bus
h (E
)Sh
rub
Frui
tsN
ext d
ay m
orni
ng th
at p
art o
f the
bod
y is
was
hed
with
col
d w
ater
. It i
s con
tinue
d til
l cur
e.39
Tam
arin
dus
Tetla
(To)
Terr
es-
Bark
1. Ja
undi
ce: B
ark
abou
t 10g
ms c
hipp
ed in
to sm
all p
iece
s and
put
into
luke
war
m w
ater
at a
bout
indi
ca L
.Te
tul (
B)
trial
/1:
6 ra
tio fo
r so
akin
g ov
erni
ght,
next
day
mor
ning
the
infu
sion
thus
obt
aine
d is
filte
red
and
the
Tam
arin
d (E
)Tr
eefil
trate
@½
cup
is g
iven
as
med
icin
e im
med
iate
ly a
nd re
st o
f the
infu
sion
is k
ept i
n a
bras
s po
tan
d gi
ven
@ ½
cup
at b
edtim
e. T
his
proc
ess
is r
epea
ted
up to
3da
ys in
acc
orda
nce
of th
eac
uten
ess o
f the
dis
ease
s. 2.
Sor
e on
Leg
: Bar
k ab
out 1
0gm
s or a
bit
mor
e is
cru
shed
on
a bl
ack
ston
e an
d pa
ste
thus
pre
pare
d is
app
lied
exte
rnal
ly to
infe
cted
are
as p
refe
rabl
y at
bed
time
to g
etre
lief f
rom
pai
n, it
als
o he
lps
to h
aste
n th
e he
alin
g pr
oces
s.40
Lam
i-O
cimum
Tuls
i (To
, B)
Terr
es-
Leaf
1. B
ronc
hitis
: i) H
and
full
of fr
esh
leav
es ar
e cle
aned
pro
perly
and
crus
hed
alon
g w
ith 2
-4 P
iple
e (P
iper
acea
esa
nctu
m L
.H
oly B
asil
(E)
trial
mul
lesu
a) a
nd e
xtra
ct th
us o
btai
ned
is g
iven
@1T
sp fo
r 3-4
tim
es in
a d
ay to
redu
ce m
ucus
./S
hrub
ii) In
cas
e of
acu
tene
ss, t
hus t
he m
ixtu
re b
oile
d w
ith 1
cup
of w
ater
till
the
entir
e vo
lum
e re
duce
sto
app
rox.
hal
f of i
ts p
rimar
y vo
lum
e an
d th
en it
filte
red
and
filtra
te d
ecoc
tion
thus
obt
aine
d is
give
n lik
e C
hai (
Tea)
for 2
-3 ti
mes
in a
day
. 2. C
onst
ipat
ion:
Fre
sh le
af is
boi
led
in a
ppro
xim
atel
y2c
ups
of w
ater
and
the
deco
ctio
n ab
out 1
cup
thus
obt
aine
d is
giv
en a
t ear
ly m
orni
ng in
empt
y st
omac
h to
cur
e co
nstip
atio
n.41
Mel
i-A
zadi
rach
taN
eem
Terr
es-
Leaf
1. S
kin
dise
ase
(con
tact
der
mat
itis)
: A h
and
full
of fr
esh
leav
es is
boi
led
in a
ppro
xim
atel
y 1L
tr of
acea
ein
dica
(To,
B, E
)tri
al/
wat
er a
nd th
e de
coct
ion
thus
obt
aine
d is
app
lied
exte
rnal
ly w
ith a
fres
h co
tton
ball
on th
eA
. Jus
s.Tr
eeef
fect
ed s
kins
. In
case
of a
cute
ness
of t
he d
isea
se, t
he r
emai
ning
aqu
eous
ext
ract
is k
ept i
n a
hollo
w b
ambo
o-ja
r and
late
r use
d du
ring
bath
. Or a
fter b
oilin
g th
e le
aves
in w
ater
, kep
t it t
ill it
be
cool
ed a
nd th
e w
hole
mat
eria
ls a
re s
quee
zed
with
han
ds a
nd th
e pa
ste
thus
obt
aine
d is
app
lied
exte
rnal
ly a
s po
ultic
e on
the
effe
cted
skin
s. 2.
Jaun
dice
: Ten
der
leav
es a
han
d fu
ll of
is c
lean
edan
d bo
iled
with
wat
er 1
:6 ra
tio a
t nig
ht ti
ll th
e fin
al s
olut
ion
com
es to
1/3
rd o
f prim
ary
cont
ent a
ndke
pt it
in a
bra
ss p
ot to
soa
ked
over
nigh
t. In
the
mor
ning
the
deco
ctio
n th
us o
btai
ned
is fi
ltere
dan
d th
e fil
trate
is g
iven
@ 2
tsp
for t
he tr
eatm
ent o
f liv
er (p
refe
rabl
y th
e 1s
t dos
e st
arts
at e
arly
mor
ning
in e
mpt
y st
omac
h an
d ag
ain
at e
veni
ng b
efor
e di
nner
) in
itial
ly fo
r 3d
ays,
but
may
be
cont
inue
d m
ore
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith th
e ac
uten
ess
to th
e co
nditi
on o
f th
e pa
tient
.42
Men
i-Ti
nosp
ora
Gur
ja (T
o)Te
rres
-Le
afVe
rmifu
ge: F
resh
leav
es 8
-10
are
boile
d in
wat
er a
ppro
xim
atel
y 1:
4 ra
tio in
a b
rass
bow
l and
the
sper
ma
cord
ifolia
(Th-
Gul
anch
a (B
)tri
al/
final
sol
utio
n be
com
e 1/
2 of
the
prim
ary
cont
ent;
the
deco
ctio
n th
us o
btai
ned
is g
iven
@1T
sp fu
llce
ae u
nb.)
Mie
rsG
iloy (
E)Cl
imbe
ron
ce o
r tw
ice
in a
wee
k in
em
pty
stom
ach
to c
hild
ren
age
grou
p of
03-
12 y
ears
as v
erm
ifuge
.43
Cis
sam
pelo
sA
gedi
(To
)Te
rres
-Le
af1.
Bod
y sw
ellin
g: A
ppro
xim
atel
y 15
-20
leav
es a
re c
hipp
ed in
to sm
all p
iece
s and
cru
shed
with
a
Tabl
e 1 C
ontin
ued.
......
...
Tabl
e 1 C
ontin
ued.
......
...
5284 Promit Kumar Ghosal et al.
pere
ira L
.K
ijri (
B)tri
al/
&st
one
pest
le a
nd fr
esh
juic
e th
us o
btai
ned
is a
pplie
d ex
tern
ally
on
abdo
men
and
bac
k pr
efer
ably
Vel
vet l
eaf (
E)Tr
eeBa
rkat
day
time
to re
duce
the
inte
rnal
bur
ning
sen
satio
n. A
fter a
whi
le w
ash
thei
r bod
y w
ith c
old
wat
er.
2. F
iber
s: T
he b
ark
is s
trong
and
so
used
for t
ying
pur
pose
s.44
Mim
os-
Mim
osa
Gar
chan
g (T
o)Te
rres
-Le
afIn
term
itten
t fev
er: B
oth
fres
h le
aves
and
tend
er s
tem
app
roxi
mat
ely
in e
qual
am
ount
of r
atio
acea
epu
dica
L.
Lajja
bati
(B)
trial
/&
are
crus
hed
toge
ther
on
a st
one
mor
tar a
nd th
e ex
tract
thus
obt
ain
is g
iven
@1T
sp a
long
with
Sens
itive
Clim
ber
Stem
1Tsp
full
hone
y th
rice
daily
to c
ontro
l ter
tian
tem
pera
ture
.Pl
ant/T
ouch
-me
-not
Pla
nt (E
)45
Mor
ing-
Mor
inga
Sajn
a-m
unto
(To)
Terr
es-
Leaf
1. B
lood
-Pre
ssur
e: A
han
dful
of f
resh
leav
es a
re c
lean
ed a
nd c
rush
ed o
n a
ston
e m
orta
r and
juic
eac
eae
olei
fera
Sanj
a (B
)tri
al/
thus
obt
aine
d is
giv
en o
nce
in a
wee
k @
one
sm
all b
owl t
o co
ntro
l hig
h pr
essu
re.
Lam
.D
rum
stic
kTr
ee2.
Leu
corr
hea:
A h
andf
ul o
f fre
sh le
aves
are
boi
led
in 4
cup
s of
wat
er a
fter s
unse
t till
the
wat
erTr
ee (E
)co
mes
hal
f of i
ts o
rigin
al c
onte
nt a
nd k
eeps
in a
n ea
rthen
pot
ove
r ni
ght t
o co
ol; d
ecoc
tion
thus
obt
aine
d is
filte
red
and
the
filtra
te is
giv
en @
½ c
up tw
ice
in a
day
(1s
t dos
e is
giv
enim
med
iate
ly a
fter
suns
et a
nd 2
nd o
ne is
just
bef
ore
the
sunr
ise)
in e
mpt
y st
omac
h to
sto
pw
hite
vag
inal
dis
char
ge.
46M
yrt-
Syzy
gium
Khu
dija
m (T
o, B
)Te
rres
-Se
edIn
dige
stio
n: S
eeds
are
col
lect
ed a
nd d
ried
up a
nd c
rush
ed in
a s
tone
mor
tar,
thus
the
pow
der
isac
eae
cum
ini (
L.)
Java
Plu
m (E
)tri
al/
give
n w
ith w
ater
pre
fera
bly
from
Hau
ri riv
er to
cur
e w
inds
.Sk
eels
Tree
47N
ycta
gi-
Boe
rhav
iaLa
nchk
icha
(To)
Terr
es-
Roo
t1.
Jau
ndic
e: P
art o
f roo
ts is
cle
an p
rope
rly a
nd b
oile
d in
a w
ide
mou
thed
ear
then
pot
till
the
nace
aedi
ffusa
L.
Puno
rnov
a (B
)tri
al/
final
sol
utio
n re
duce
d to
1/3
rd o
f its
prim
ary
cont
ent;
aque
ous
extra
ct th
us o
btai
ned
is g
iven
@R
ed h
ogw
eed
(E)
Her
b2t
sp fu
ll w
ith li
ttle
amou
nt o
f Gur
(Jag
gery
) afte
r tak
ing
light
food
for 2
-3 ti
mes
in a
day
to re
duce
the
yello
wne
ss o
f the
bod
y. 2.
Sto
mac
h di
sord
er: A
bout
1Ts
p fu
ll of
abo
ve e
xtra
ct is
als
o us
ed in
any
kind
of g
astri
c pr
oble
ms
& in
dige
stio
ns w
ith li
ttle
drin
king
wat
er.
48Pi
per-
Pipe
rPi
pla (
To)
Terr
es-
Seed
s1.
Cou
gh &
Col
d: D
ried
seed
s 5-
6 cr
ushe
d an
d bo
iled
in 1
cup
of w
ater
, ext
ract
thus
obt
aine
d is
acea
elo
ngum
Pipu
l (B
)tri
al/
take
n as
Cha
i (Te
a) @
2-3
times
dai
ly ti
ll ge
t rel
ief f
rom
cou
gh.
L.In
dian
long
Clim
ber
2. T
ooth
ache
: Drie
d se
eds
2-4
put i
n an
ear
then
pot
con
tain
ing
a cu
p of
wat
er, i
t soa
ked
over
nigh
tpe
pper
(E)
and
deco
ctio
n th
us o
btai
ned
are
appl
ied
with
a s
mal
l cot
ton
ball
inte
rnal
ly o
n th
e pa
rticu
lar
infe
cted
teet
h to
red
uce
pain
and
sen
sitiv
ity.
49Pi
per
Pipl
ee (T
o)Te
rres
-Se
ed1.
Cou
gh &
Col
d: B
idi (
a loc
al ci
gar)
is p
repa
red
from
sun
drie
d se
eds 3
-4 k
ept i
n ‘T
arap
ata’
(Mac
aran
gam
ulle
sua
Bon
pipu
l (B
)tri
al/
&de
ntic
ulat
a le
aves
) an
d sm
oked
by
adul
ts to
get
rel
ief i
n dr
y co
ugh
and
cold
and
in c
ase
ofD
. Don
.H
ill P
eppe
r (E)
Clim
ber
Leaf
child
ren
belo
w th
e ag
e of
12
a fu
me
of th
e sa
me
is in
hale
d fo
r 2-3
times
acc
ordi
ngly.
2. S
kin
dise
ase
(Ras
h): A
han
dful
of l
eave
s ar
e bo
iled
@1:
10 ra
tio o
f wat
er in
an
earth
en p
ot a
tea
rly m
orni
ng; t
he e
xtra
ct th
us o
btai
ned
is m
ixed
with
nor
mal
wat
er to
take
bat
h.50
Poac
-C
ynod
onD
uba
(To)
Terr
es-
Plan
t1.
Eye
-irrit
atio
n: F
resh
leav
es a
han
dful
of a
re c
lean
ed p
rope
rly a
nd b
ruis
ed w
ith st
one
mor
tar
eae
dact
ylon
Dur
ba (B
)tri
al/
and
sque
ezed
, jui
ce th
us o
btai
ned
is fi
ltere
d an
d th
e fil
trate
is a
pplie
d su
rrou
ndin
g of
eye
s(L
.) Pe
rs.
Berm
uda
Her
bex
tern
ally
to g
et ri
d of
itch
ing
sens
atio
n. 3
. Ble
edin
g: S
imila
rly a
han
dful
of l
eave
s are
cle
aned
Tabl
e 1 C
ontin
ued.
......
...
Tabl
e 1 C
ontin
ued.
......
...
Quintessence of the conventional medicines of an endemic tribe of West Bengal, India 5285
gras
s (E)
prop
erly
and
bru
ised
with
any
ava
ilabl
e st
one
mor
tar a
nd p
aste
juic
e th
us o
btai
ns is
app
lied
imm
edia
tely
on
min
or w
ound
as h
aem
osta
tic a
gent
s. Th
is m
etho
d is
wid
ely
prac
ticed
whi
lehu
ntin
g &
gat
herin
g at
jung
le.
51Po
lygo
-Fa
gopy
rum
Lapp
asak
(To)
Terr
es-
Who
le1.
Blo
od-P
ress
ure:
Who
le p
lant
is c
lean
ed p
rope
rly a
nd b
ruis
ed w
ith a
sto
ne m
orta
r and
squ
eeze
d;na
ceae
escu
le-
Buc
kwhe
at (E
)tri
al/
plan
tju
ice
thus
obt
ain
is fi
ltere
d an
d th
e fil
trate
is g
iven
@1c
up o
r one
smal
l bow
l onc
e or
twic
e in
ant
um M
.H
erb
wee
k to
con
trol h
igh
bloo
d pr
essu
re. 2
. Who
le p
lant
is b
oile
d an
d co
nsid
ered
as
a ve
geta
ble
dish
.52
Poly
gonu
mTa
man
di (T
o)Te
rres
-Le
af1.
Ble
edin
g gu
ms:
Lea
ves a
re c
lean
ed p
rope
rly a
nd c
rush
ed w
ith a
ston
e m
orta
r and
squ
eeze
d,C
hine
nse
Bisk
atal
i (B
)tri
al/
juic
e th
us o
btai
ned
is fi
ltere
d an
d th
e fil
trate
is g
iven
@1c
up o
r bow
l ful
l to
child
ren
as to
nic
Linn
.C
hine
se K
no-
Her
bto
pro
tect
from
ble
edin
g gu
ms.
2. F
resh
leav
es a
re b
oile
d &
take
n as
veg
etab
le.
twee
d (E
)53
Poly
gonu
mB
irsai
(To)
Terr
es-
Leaf
1. S
prai
n: T
ende
r lea
ves 5
-6 a
re c
rush
ed w
ith st
one
mor
tar a
nd e
xtra
ct th
us o
btai
ned
is a
pplie
dne
pale
nse
Pani
mor
ich
(B)
trial
/as
pou
ltice
on
swel
led
parts
of t
he b
ody
to re
duce
the
pain
of t
he s
prai
n. In
cas
e of
ank
le o
rM
eiss
n.N
epal
ese
sma-
Her
bkn
ee jo
ints
inju
ry d
ue to
fall
from
tree
etc
., th
e sa
me
leaf
pas
te is
take
n in
bet
wee
n tw
o w
arm
rtwee
d (E
)le
aves
of ‘
Har
soo’
(Pot
hos
Scan
dens
) and
bin
d w
ith a
cot
ton
role
on
the
inju
red
plac
ebe
fore
bed
time
to re
duce
the
swel
ling
and
pain
. 3. P
lant
as a
who
le b
oile
d &
take
n as
veg
etab
le.
54Po
rtul-
Portu
laca
Cha
pang
sing
(To
)Te
rres
-W
hole
2. C
oolin
g ag
ent:
Who
le p
lant
is c
lean
ed p
rope
rly a
nd c
rush
ed w
ith a
sto
ne m
orta
r an
dac
acea
eol
erac
eaB
oro
nuni
ya (B
)tri
al/
plan
tsq
ueez
ed, j
uice
thus
obt
aine
d is
filte
red
and
the
filtra
te is
app
lied
exte
rnal
ly o
n th
e sk
inLi
nn.
Purs
lane
(E)
Her
bha
ving
bur
ning
sen
satio
n. 2
. Afte
r boi
ling
the
who
le p
lant
is u
sed
as v
eget
able
.55
Rubi
-Pa
eder
iaSi
ngdi
-Te
rres
-Le
af1.
Indi
gest
ion:
Fre
sh le
aves
8-1
0 ar
e cl
eane
d pr
oper
ly a
nd c
rush
ed w
ith a
ston
e m
orta
r and
acea
efo
etid
a L.
peik
hati
(To)
trial
/&
extra
ct th
us o
btai
ned
is g
iven
@1T
sp w
ith @
1Tsp
dec
octio
n of
Eue
ng (
seed
s of
Zan
thox
ylum
Gan
dal p
ata
(B)
Clim
ber
Shoo
tar
mat
um) a
s dig
estiv
e. 2
. Pile
s &
Fis
tula
: Ten
der s
hoot
s con
tain
ing
10 –
12
leav
es a
re c
hipp
edSk
unk V
ine (
E)in
to s
mal
l pie
ces
and
boile
d in
2 c
ups
of w
ater
in a
bra
ss p
ot a
nd to
redu
ce th
e qu
antit
y of
the
wat
er to
abo
ut 1
/4th
of t
he o
rigin
al v
olum
e, d
ecoc
tion
thus
obt
aine
d is
giv
en a
t bed
time
tore
duce
pai
n an
d bu
rnin
g se
nsat
ion.
56R
ut-
Mur
raya
Pend
rasi
ng (
To)
Terr
es-
Roo
t,1.
Bod
y ac
he: P
art o
f roo
t is
clea
ned
prop
erly
and
bru
ise
with
a s
tone
and
ext
ract
thus
obt
aine
dac
eae
koen
igii
Cur
ry-p
ata (
B)
trial
/St
emis
giv
en @
1-2T
bs w
ith fe
w d
rops
of H
oney
or G
ur (J
agge
ry) o
nce
or tw
ice
in a
day
to re
duce
the
(L.)
Cur
ry le
af (E
)Sh
rub
bark
pain
. 2. D
iarr
hea:
Ste
m b
ark
is c
hipp
ed in
to sm
all p
iece
s an
d cr
ushe
d on
a b
lack
ston
e, th
e ex
tract
Spre
ng.
&th
us o
btai
ned
is g
iven
@1
or 2
Tsp
with
½ c
up o
f wat
er fo
r 3-4
tim
es in
a d
ay to
con
trol t
heLe
afm
otio
ns. 3
. Lea
ves a
re u
sed
in c
ooki
ng fo
r Fla
vour
ing
curr
ies,
espe
cial
ly w
ith s
mal
l fis
hes.
57Sc
rop-
Zant
h-Eu
eng
orTe
rres
-Sp
ines
,1.
Ski
n D
isea
ses (
Alle
rgic
itch
y ra
shes
): 10
-12
spin
es o
f the
pla
nt a
re re
mov
ed fr
om th
e st
em w
ithhu
lox
ylum
Jous
ing-
shos
atri
al/
Leaf
a fo
rcep
s ty
pe o
f too
l and
are
grin
ded
vigo
rous
ly o
n a
ston
e pl
atfo
rm ti
ll th
e la
tex
trans
form
edar
iaar
mat
um(T
o) T
imbu
r (B
)Sh
rub
&in
to s
moo
th p
aste
like
san
dalw
ood
past
e, th
en th
e pa
ste
is a
pplie
d ex
tern
ally
on
the
affe
cted
ceae
DC.
Win
ged
Pric
-Se
eds
area
s pr
efer
ably
at b
edtim
e. N
.B.:
Toto
s use
to ta
ke v
ario
us k
inds
of i
nsec
ts in
clud
ing
spid
ers
inkl
y Ash
(E)
thei
r reg
ular
food
hab
it. D
ue to
this
kin
d of
food
hab
its th
ey a
re a
ffect
ed s
ever
e al
lerg
ies
on th
eir
body
and
ski
n fro
m sp
ider
’s to
xic
saliv
a et
c. T
his
tradi
tiona
l med
icin
e is
pre
fera
bly
used
on
such
case
s. 2.
Indi
gest
ion:
See
ds a
ppro
x 10
gms
are
clea
ned
prop
erly
and
soa
ked
over
nigh
t in
one
cup
Tabl
e 1 C
ontin
ued.
......
...
Tabl
e 1 C
ontin
ued.
......
...
5286 Promit Kumar Ghosal et al.
Tabl
e 1 C
ontin
ued.
......
...
Tabl
e 1 C
ontin
ued.
......
...of
wat
er in
an
earth
en p
ot; d
ecoc
tion
thus
obt
aine
d is
giv
en a
fter
mea
l to
redu
ce a
cidi
ty.3.
Pic
kle:
Ten
der
leav
es a
re c
lean
ed a
nd g
rind
thor
ough
ly o
n a
ston
e til
es, p
aste
thus
obt
aine
dis
serv
ed ra
w a
fter a
ddin
g a
pinc
h of
salt
with
rice
-mea
l as p
ickl
e. It
is sa
id th
at it
may
incr
ease
the
dige
stiv
e ca
paci
ty.
58Sc
opar
iaC
hini
-jhar
(To)
Terr
es-
Seed
1. M
outh
-ulc
er: D
ried
seed
s 2-
5gm
s are
soak
ed in
a c
up o
f wat
er in
a b
rass
pot
ove
rnig
ht a
nddu
lcis
L.
Saga
r chi
ni/
trial
/&
deco
ctio
n th
us o
btai
ned
is u
sed
to g
urgl
e tw
ice/
thric
e in
a d
ay o
r tw
o. F
or a
cute
ness
of t
heB
on D
hone
(B)
Her
bLe
afco
nditi
on, m
ore
conc
entra
ted
deco
ctio
n is
app
lied
with
a s
mal
l cot
ton
ball
inte
rnal
ly o
n th
eLi
coric
e wee
d (E
)pa
rticu
lar a
rea
to r
educ
e re
dnes
s an
d bu
rnin
g se
nsat
ion.
3. W
arts
: Ten
der l
eave
s 5-
6 cr
ushe
d on
blac
k st
one
with
a fe
w d
rops
of w
ater
and
pas
te th
us o
btai
ned
is a
pplie
d ex
tern
ally
as
poul
tice
on w
arts
hea
d. T
he w
arts
are
det
ache
d fro
m th
e sk
in a
fter 1
-2da
ys a
s pa
ste
beco
me
drie
dan
d ar
e re
mov
ed a
utom
atic
ally.
59So
lan-
Sola
num
Gui
nder
iase
(To)
Terr
es-
Leaf
Cou
gh &
Col
d: i)
Fres
h le
aves
8-1
0 ar
e cl
eane
d pr
oper
ly a
nd c
rush
ed a
long
with
2-4
Pip
lee
acea
eni
grum
L.
Kak
mac
hi (B
)tri
al/
&(P
iper
mul
lesu
a) a
nd e
xtra
ct th
us o
btai
ned
is g
iven
@1t
sp fo
r 3-4
tim
es in
a d
ay to
redu
ce m
ucus
.B
lack
Nig
ht-
Her
bFr
uit
ii) F
ruits
abo
ut 1
0gm
s ar
e cl
eane
d an
d sq
ueez
ed in
bet
wee
n pa
lms,
extra
ct th
us o
btai
ned
is g
iven
shad
e (E
)@
1Tsp
alo
ng w
ith 1
Tsp
hone
y an
d ½
tsp
past
e of
Bon
-ada
(Rhi
zom
es o
f Kae
mpf
eria
rotu
nda)
for
2-3
times
in a
day
alo
ng w
ith C
hai (
Tea)
to re
duce
cou
gh.
60C
apsic
umG
ojam
uri (
To)
Terr
es-
Frui
t1.
Veg
etab
les:
Fru
its e
ither
in a
who
le o
r par
t of i
s chi
pped
into
smal
l pie
ces a
re u
sed
in d
aily
frut
esce
nsN
aga-
mor
ich
(B)
trial
/fo
od se
para
tely
alo
ng w
ith a
pin
ch o
f sal
t and
or p
ickl
e. 2
. Bev
erag
e: F
ruits
8-1
0 ch
ippe
d an
d or
L.B
ird P
eppe
r (E)
Shru
bha
lf-cr
ushe
d an
d ar
e us
ed a
s on
e of
the
ingr
edie
nts
for
the
prep
arat
ion
of lo
cally
ava
ilabl
eho
mem
ade
alco
holic
drin
k m
ade
from
Mar
ua (E
leus
ine
cora
cana
) kno
wn
as E
u.61
Ster
cul-
Abr
oma
Myc
ring
(To)
Terr
es-
Leaf
Con
stip
atio
n an
d In
dige
stio
n: L
eave
s 5-
6 ar
e cl
eane
d pr
oper
ly a
nd c
rush
ed o
n a
ston
e pe
stle
iace
aeag
usta
(L.
)U
latk
ambo
l (B)
trial
/an
d sq
ueez
ed; e
xtra
ct th
us o
btai
ned
is g
iven
@2T
sp o
nce
afte
r sun
set t
o cl
ear b
owl s
yndr
ome.
L.f.
Dev
il's c
otto
n (E
)Sh
rub
62U
rtica
-La
porte
aPa
gra (
To)
Terr
es-
Roo
t1.
Pro
long
ed fe
ver:
Part
of ro
ot is
cut
app
roxi
mat
ely
2-3i
nche
s, th
en g
rinde
d w
ell w
ith a
ston
ece
aecr
enul
ata
Bic
huti
(B)
trial
/m
orta
r and
squ
eeze
d; ju
ices
thus
obt
aine
d is
giv
en @
1ts
p w
ith e
qual
am
ount
of G
ur (J
agge
ry)
Gau
d.St
ingi
ng T
ree
(E)
Shru
btw
ice
daily
pre
fera
bly
in e
mpt
y st
omac
h to
get
relie
f fro
m p
rolo
nged
feve
r.2.
Fib
er fr
om b
ark
is u
sed
for m
akin
g co
rdag
e.63
Verb
e-C
allic
arpa
Gis
ing
(To)
Terr
es-
Bark
Pneu
mon
ia: B
ark
or p
art o
f bar
k is
bru
ised
on
ston
e w
ith fe
w d
rops
of w
ater
and
squ
eeze
d;na
ceae
arbo
rea
Bon
mol
a (B
)tri
al/
extra
ct th
us o
btai
n is
giv
en @
1ts
p w
ith e
qual
am
ount
of h
oney
for 3
days
to th
e pa
tient
Roxb
.B
eaut
yber
ryTr
eesu
fferin
g fro
m p
neum
onia
.Pl
ant (
E)64
Cle
dend
rum
Bha
tpat
ta (
To)
Terr
es-
Roo
t1.
Dia
rrho
ea: F
resh
root
bar
k ab
out 1
Tbs
soak
ed in
wat
er a
nd in
fusi
on th
us o
btai
n is
giv
en w
ithin
fortu
natu
mG
hent
u (B
)tri
al/
&a
pinc
h of
tabl
e sa
lt an
d su
gar m
olas
ses t
o cu
re th
e di
seas
e. 2
. Ski
n di
seas
e (E
czem
a): F
resh
leav
esL.
Hill
glo
rySh
rub
Leaf
abou
t a h
andf
ul o
f are
cru
shed
on
a gr
indi
ng s
tone
and
pas
te th
us o
btai
ned
is d
irect
ly a
pplie
d on
bow
er (E
)th
e af
fect
ed b
ody
part(
s) a
nd w
ait t
ill it
drie
d up
. 3. F
ever
(Mal
aria
): A
han
dful
of F
resh
leav
esar
e cr
ushe
d on
a g
rindi
ng s
tone
and
ext
ract
thus
obt
aine
d ar
e fil
tere
d, a
nd th
e fil
trate
is g
iven
Quintessence of the conventional medicines of an endemic tribe of West Bengal, India 5287
Tabl
e 1 C
ontin
ued.
......
...tw
ice
a da
y w
ith a
littl
e ho
ney
to c
ure
mal
aria
l fev
er. T
he d
rug
is c
ontin
ued
till r
ecov
ery.
N.B
.: D
urin
g th
e tim
e of
wor
ld w
ar II
, the
sold
iers
who
wer
e po
sted
at N
orth
Ben
gal a
rea
suffe
red
due
to e
pide
mic
of s
ever
e m
alar
ial f
ever
and
eve
ryda
y hu
ge n
umbe
rs w
ere
lost
thei
r life
; how
ever
,it
was
fou
nd th
at th
ose
who
use
d B
hatp
atta
in th
eir
day
to d
ay li
fe th
ey s
urvi
ved.
Tot
os le
arne
dth
is a
nd s
ince
then
they
use
this
as
a m
edic
inal
pla
nts
for
the
dise
ase.
65Pr
emna
Dam
roo
(To)
Terr
es-
Bark
Thro
at-s
ore:
Bar
k or
par
t of b
ark
and
the
ripen
ed fr
uits
are
mix
ed to
geth
er a
ppro
xim
atel
y in
equ
alba
rbat
a W
all.
Bea
rded
trial
/&
ratio
and
grin
d on
a s
tone
pla
tform
then
squ
eeze
d; e
xtra
ct th
us o
btai
n is
then
mix
ed in
a c
upex
Sch
auer
Prem
na (E
)Cl
imbe
rFr
uit
of lu
kew
arm
wat
er fo
r gur
gle
to re
lief f
rom
tons
il an
d th
roat
-pai
n.66
Vite
x ne
gund
oSe
wal
i (To
)Te
rres
-Le
afH
eada
che:
Bid
i (a
loca
l cig
ar) i
s pre
pare
d fro
m su
n dr
ied
leav
es 2
-3 k
ept i
n ‘T
arap
ata’
(Mac
aran
gaW
all.
exN
ishi
nda (
B)
trial
/de
ntic
ulat
a le
aves
) an
d sm
oked
by
adul
ts to
get
rel
ief f
rom
gid
dine
ss a
nd in
cas
e of
pre
gnan
tSc
haue
rC
hast
e tre
e (E
)Sh
rub
wom
an a
fum
e of
the
sam
e is
inha
led
for 2
-3tim
es a
ccor
ding
ly.67
Zing
-A
lpin
iaJa
gai (
To)
Terr
es-
Frui
t1.
Vom
iting
: Fre
sh fr
uits
1 o
r 2 a
re c
olle
cted
, cle
aned
and
thus
giv
en ra
w w
ith li
ttle
salt
toib
era
mal
acce
nsis
Deo
tara
or K
ula-
trial
/st
op v
omiti
ng. 2
. Who
le p
lant
is u
sed
loca
lly a
s fo
dder
to c
attle
.ce
ae(B
urm
.) R
osc.
njan
(B) M
alac
caH
erb
Gin
ger (
E)68
Kae
mpf
eria
Bhu
i-Cha
mpa
/Te
rres
-Rh
i-Fr
actu
re o
f Bon
es: A
pas
te is
pre
pare
d by
mix
ing
fres
h rh
izom
es a
s req
uire
d (d
epen
ds u
pon
inju
ry)
rotu
nda
Bon
-ada
(B)
trial
/zo
me
of th
is p
lant
, app
roxi
mat
ely
50gm
s of K
auni
(Set
aria
ital
ic) p
owde
r with
few
dro
ps o
f Eu
(Loc
ally
L.In
dian
Her
bav
aila
ble
hom
emad
e co
untry
liqu
or m
ade
from
Mar
ua i.
e. E
leus
ine
cora
cana
) alo
ng w
ith b
ruis
edC
rocu
s (E)
Tim
bur (
bark
late
x of
Zan
thox
ylum
arm
atum
) as a
bin
ding
age
nts.
The
who
le m
ixtu
re th
us o
btai
ned
is u
sed
as a
ban
dage
mat
eria
l on
the
fract
ured
par
t of t
he b
ody.
Afte
r co
verin
g w
ith th
e ab
ove
past
e th
e fra
ctur
ed p
arts
are
tied
with
supp
ort o
f tw
o or
mor
e sp
lit b
ambo
o cl
um st
em o
r ste
m b
ark
of A
gedi
(Cis
sam
pelo
s Per
eira
), to
has
ten
heal
ing
of fr
actu
re. P
oulti
ce is
cha
nged
dai
ly u
p to
21-2
2day
s. A
s st
ated
the
rhiz
ome
is w
orke
d as
coo
ling
agen
t to
get r
elie
f of s
prai
ns.
(To
– To
to; B
– B
enga
li; E
– E
nglis
h)
the following order – name of the family– scientific name of the plant –vernacular name – parts use –prescription.Observation:
Results and DiscussionAfter critical scrutiny of the
information given in the table 1, it isobserved that 68 plant species belongingto 65 genera under 39 families ofAngiosperms are used by 123 differentways by the Toto populace of the state.Among these 104 usages undertraditional medicinal prescription arecategories into 34 groups. A statisticalanalysis of the usages of the plants bythe Toto tribe is given in the table 2, Fig.1, below.
From the table 2 is observed thatGastric disorders and Skin Diseases arethe most common ailments among theToto tribe, followed by Cough & Cold,Constipation, Sores-Wounds & Ulcersand Fever.
It is very interesting to note that,among different plant parts leaf and thetender shoots are used in most of thecases (39 prescriptions). A conspectusof the usages of the different plant partsare given in the table 3, Fig. 2.
ConclusionToto tribe is the one and the only
endemic endogamous tribe of the state.But at present with the pace ofcivilization this endemic tribe of the stateis continuously face the westernizationand as result a huge acculturation in theirdaily behavioral life takes place. Atpresent most of the Toto people give uptheir traditional dress and start to wearwestern dress and blindly follow thewestern culture to fulfill every needs oftheir life, they also give up their age oldtraditional medicinal practices which areentirely based on the natural resources.Instead of that they are now mostlydepends on the western medicine totreat their ailments. The Toto medicineand their medicinal practice is a vast
5288 Promit Kumar Ghosal et al.
to a complex diseases like ophthalmic problem andcardiac diseases. So, it is hope that, though this study isnot a complete study in every respect many lacuna istheir which are not reached here due to shortage of time,human resources, funding, etc. various barrier whichauthor have to face. But it is a small leap towards thetraditional medicinal study among the Toto tribe and I amsure that this makes enthusiastic to many youngresearchers to complete the work of Toto tribe.
AcknowledgementA special word of thanks to DR. Sunit Mitra, Asso.
Prof. & Head of the Dept. (Botany) Ranaghat College,Nadia, West Bengal for the patience he has shown toundertake the analytical part of this study and also wishto express indebtedness to all the members and familiesof the Toto tribes of the studied area for their cooperation,valuable support to carry out this research.
ReferencesChatterjee, M. (2013). Jalpaiguri zillar veshaj sampod porichiti:
prosongo byaboharik dik. Kiratbhumi, jalpaiguri zillasankalan 2nd part. Pp.276.
Haldar, B. (2013). Jalpaiguri zillar swastha o chikitsha byabostha.Kiratbhumi, jalpaiguri zilla sankalan 2nd part. Pp.299.
Jain, S.K. and R.R. Rao (1977). A handbook of Field & Herbariummethods. Today & Tomorrow’s Printer Publisher, New
Fig. 1: Numerical Analysis of the TOTO Prescription.
Fig. 2: Statistical analysis of different plant parts use.
science and this science has no written documentation agroup of people who are designated as “Pao” (medicineman or woman) maintain this medicinal knowledgecompletely based on their regular practice and byancestral inheritance system. These vast knowledge willbe vanish entirely with the death of these people as thepresent younger generation of the Toto society are notbother at all about their culture and medicinal practice.So, to document this vast knowledge system this type offield exploration is one and the only functional tools whichadopted here. The present survey reveals that Toto tribeis ethno-botanically very sound as they able to treatvarious types of ailments (39 in numbers) and the listincludes simple and minor ailments like gastric disorder
Quintessence of the conventional medicines of an endemic tribe of West Bengal, India 5289
Delhi, India.Jain, S.K. and V. Mudgal (1999). A hand book of Ethnobotany.
M/s Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh.Majumdar, B. (1993). Cultural and Economic Transformation of
a Small Tribe in the Sub-Himalayas- A Study of the Totos,unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of NorthBengal.
Majumdar, B. (1995). Poschimbonger khudrotama janagosthi:Toto. Uttarbongo prosongo. Pp.15. Bengal studies series,1:.
Majumdar, B. (1998). The Totos: cultural and economictransformation of small tribe in the sub Himalayan Bengal:Academic Enterprise.
Majumdar, B. (2010). Toto upojatir sanskritik poriprekshit,byadhi o chikitsa. An anthology on educational & culturalaspects with inhabitants of North Bengal; lokayat anginauttarbanga, Pp.48-59.
Majumdar, B. (2013). Jalpaiguri zillar lokochikistsa o lokoveshaj.Kiratbhumi, jalpaiguri zilla sankalan 2nd part. Pp. 290.
Mitra, A K. (1951). District Census Handbook. Jalpaiguri.Appendix VII & VIII. Directorate of Census Corporation.West Bengal.
Mudgal, V., D.C. Pal, R.N. Kayal and S. Saha (1999).Ethnobotany Of Totopara, M/s Bishen Singh MahendraPal Singh.
Nandi, R. (2013). Jalpaiguri jelar bonoushadhi. Kiratbhumi,Jalpaiguri zilla sankalan 2nd part. Pp.263.
Sanyal, C. (1973). The Meches & The Totos two sub-himalayantribes of North-Bengal. University of North Bengal, NorthBengal studies series, 1:.
Sarkar A.K., M. Dey and M. Mazumder (2017). A ComparativeStudy of Tree Species Composition of Panjhora ForestBeat and Sipchu Forest Beat of Chalsa Forest Range, WestBengal, India. J. App. Biol. Biotech., 5(2): 45-52.
Sikdar, J.K. (1981). New plants records for West Bengal fromJalpaiguri district, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 78: 103-106.
Sikdar, J.K. and D.N. Samanta (1983). Herbaceous Flora(excluding Cyperaceae, Poaceae and Pteridophytes) ofJalpaiguri district, West Bengal - A cheek list, J. Econ. Tax.Bot., 4(2): 525-538.
Sikdar, J.K. (1984). Contribution to the flora of Baikunthapurforest Division Jalpaiguri district (West Bengal), J. Econ.Tax. Bot., 5(3): 505-532.
Sikdar, J.K. and R.S. Rao (1984). Further contribution to theflora of Buxa forest division Jalpaiguri district (WestBengal), J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 81: 123-148.
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Table 2: Conspectus of the usages of the plants species bythe Toto tribe.
Sl. Use No. of % in respect toNo. use total information1 Abdominal Pain 2 1.802 Abscess 1 0.903 Animal Bites 1 0.904 Anti-dandruff 1 0.905 Asthma 2 1.806 Bleeding 4 3.707 Blood Pressure 3 2.808 Body ache 2 1.809 Boils & Blisters 1 0.9010 Bronchitis & Pneumonia 3 2.8011 Constipation 6 5.7012 Cooling agent 2 1.8013 Cough & Cold 7 6.7014 Dental diseases 4 3.7015 Diarrhea & Dysentery 3 2.8016 Eye diseases 3 2.8017 Fever 5 4.8018 Fracture of Bones 2 1.8019 Gastric disorders 10 9.6020 Gout & Joint pains 2 2.8021 Gynecological problems 4 3.7022 Headache 2 1.8023 Insect Stings 3 2.8024 Jaundice 4 3.7025 Mouth diseases 4 3.7026 Measles & Pox 1 0.9027 Piles & Fistula 1 0.9028 Scabies 1 0.9029 Skin Diseases 10 9.6030 Snake Bites 1 0.9031 Sores-Wounds & Ulcers 6 5.7032 Sprain 1 0.9033 Vermifuge 3 2.8034 Vomiting 1 0.90
TOTAL 104
Table 3: Conspectus of the usages of the plant parts.
Sl. Plant parts No. of %No. use Value1 Flower 1 1.102 Fruit 10 10.603 Latex 1 1.104 Leaf 36 38.305 Root/Root Bark/Rhizome 10 10.606 Seed 9 9.607 Stem/Stem Bark/Spine 19 20.208 Whole Plant 8 8.50
5290 Promit Kumar Ghosal et al.
www.censusindia.gov.inwww.census2011.gov.in www.d-maps.com/carte.php?num_car=31184&lang=enwww.indikosh.com/dist/jalpaiguri
www.jalpaiguri.gov.inwww.latitude.to/articles-by-country/in/india/163612/totoparawww.wbdma.gov.inwww.wbprd.gov.in
Quintessence of the conventional medicines of an endemic tribe of West Bengal, India 5291