Properties of Matter

Matter

Matter – anything that has mass and volume

Pretty much everything!

How Can We Describe Matter?

Properties – the characteristics of a substance

What are the properties of matter?Mass, volumeColor, size, shape, etc.

What’s the Matter?

Matter is grouped into three phasesSolidsLiquidsGases

SolidsParticles are close together and

can vibrate but cannot move apart because of their strong attractions for each other

Have a definite shape and volume

LiquidsParticles are farther apart and can

slide past each otherHave a definite volume, but no

definite shape; they take the shape of the container they are in

GasesParticles are even farther apart and

are free to move anywhere in a container

Have no definite volume or shape

Let’s CompareParticles in Matter

Your TaskMake a tri-fold brochure comparing

solids, liquids and gases. It must include:DefinitionsDrawings of the particle

arrangementsExamples – at least two!

Phase Changes

How Phases Change

Solid to LiquidSolid to LiquidMelting – the change of a substance from Melting – the change of a substance from

a solid to a liquid when heat is addeda solid to a liquid when heat is added

Liquid to SolidLiquid to SolidFreezing – the change of a substance Freezing – the change of a substance

from a liquid to a solid when heat is from a liquid to a solid when heat is removedremoved

How Phases Change

Liquid to GasLiquid to GasVaporization – the change of a substance Vaporization – the change of a substance

from a liquid to a gas when heat is addedfrom a liquid to a gas when heat is added

Gas to LiquidGas to LiquidCondensation – the change of a Condensation – the change of a

substance from a gas to a liquid when substance from a gas to a liquid when heat is removedheat is removed

3 Minute Chat

Discuss the following, explaining your Discuss the following, explaining your answers:answers:What are pure substances?What are pure substances?What are mixtures?What are mixtures?How are they alike?How are they alike?How are they different?How are they different?

Elements

ElementElement – – pure substancepure substance that that cannot be separated by physical cannot be separated by physical or chemical means - or chemical means - atomsatoms

Any Any oneone element on the element on the periodic table!periodic table!Ex. Ex.

Compounds

CompoundCompound – substance made of two or – substance made of two or more elements that are joined by more elements that are joined by chemical bonds - chemical bonds - moleculesmolecules

Can only be separated by chemical Can only be separated by chemical means, not physicalmeans, not physical

HH22OONaClNaClTwo or more elementsTwo or more elements

Mixtures

MixtureMixture – a combination of two – a combination of two or more pure substances that or more pure substances that are not chemically combinedare not chemically combined

Can physically separateCan physically separate

Stuff Lab

Is the “stuff” an element, a compound, or a Is the “stuff” an element, a compound, or a mixture?mixture?

If stuff is a mixture, how can you separate If stuff is a mixture, how can you separate the components?the components?

Physical methodsPhysical methods

How to Fold Filter PaperHow to Fold Filter Paper

Homogeneous Mixtures

Two or more substances spread out Two or more substances spread out evenly without settling - the same evenly without settling - the same throughoutthroughout

Appears clearAppears clearAlso called Also called solutionssolutions

Iced teaIced teaSalt waterSalt water

Heterogeneous Mixtures

A mixture in which different parts are A mixture in which different parts are easily distinguishedeasily distinguished

SandwichSandwich pencil (lead, pencil (lead, wood, eraser)wood, eraser)

Heterogeneous Mixtures

ColloidColloid – heterogeneous mixture that – heterogeneous mixture that never settlesnever settles

MilkMilkCan tell by Can tell by Tyndall EffectTyndall Effect

Scattering of light by the particles Scattering of light by the particles

in the mixturein the mixture

Heterogeneous Mixtures

Suspensions – Suspensions – contain a liquid with contain a liquid with visible particles that settle out when it visible particles that settle out when it stands – also have Tyndall Effectstands – also have Tyndall Effect

Orange juiceOrange juiceDifferent from a colloid orDifferent from a colloid or

solution because particlessolution because particles

will settle outwill settle out

Whiteboard CheckWhiteboard Check

What type of mixture (homogeneous or What type of mixture (homogeneous or heterogeneous) is each of the following:heterogeneous) is each of the following:

Chocolate chip cookieChocolate chip cookieCoffeeCoffeeApple juiceApple juiceLucky Charms® cerealLucky Charms® cerealTrail mixTrail mix