Classification of Matter

Classification of Matter Matter

Anything that has mass and occupies space

Pure substance Has a constant composition It’s identified by a formula or

symbol Examples

water- H2O – always has 2 hydrogens and 1 oxygen

Helium - He

Classification of Matter

Compound Composed of two or more different

types of atoms that cannot be decomposed by physical means

Chemically combined Examples

Sodium chloride- NaCl Carbon dioxide- CO2

Classification of Matter

Element Simple substance that cannot be

decomposed into simpler substances by any chemical change

Mixtures of Matter

A mixture is a combination of two or more pure substances The individual pure substances do not

change their chemical properties, however

There are two types of mixtures: Heterogeneous mixtures do not have

the same consistency throughout Homogeneous mixtures do have the

same consistency

Examples of Mixtures

Solution A on the left isan example of a heterogeneous mixture

Solution B on the right is anexample of a homogeneousmixture

Classification of Matter Flowchart

Homogeneous Mixtures

Homeogeneous mixtures are more often referred to as solutions

Not all solutions are liquid: Gas-gas Gas-liquid Liquid-gas Liquid-liquid Solid-liquid Solid-solid

Different Types of Solutions

Separating Mixtures

Sometimes scientists find it helpful to be able to separate mixtures

Depending on the type of mixture, there are several techniques used to separate (purify) mixtures

Separation Techniques

Filtration is a technique that can be used to separate solids from a liquid/solid mixture

Separation Techniques

Distillation is a separation technique that separates two substances based on their boiling points

Separation Techniques

Crystallization is a separation technique that separates a solid from a solution. The solid precipitates from solution

(forms a solid) in a pure form

Separation Techniques

Chromatography Commonly

used in the pharmaceutical and biotech industry

Huge field of study (many different types of chromatography)

Classification of Matter Flowchart