Mattermatter- anything that has mass and takes up space.

Properties of Matter1) physical properties- characteristics of a

substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance.

melting pointboiling point

densityconductivity

color

taste

smellhardness

lustertexture

2) chemical properties- characteristics of a substance that describe its ability to change into different substances.

Properties of Matter

ability to burn rusting tarnishing

reacting with acids or bases

Types of Matter1) element- a pure substance that cannot

be broken down into any other substance by chemical or physical means.

HHydroge

n

Pb

UO AuFeOxygen Iron Gold Lea

dUranium

atom- the basic particle from which all elements are made.

2) compound- a pure substance that is made of two or more elements in a set ratio.

H20water

CO2carbon

dioxide

C6H12O6

glucose

Fe2O3

iron oxide (rust)

chemical formula- shows the elements in the compound and the ratio of atoms.

3) mixture- made of two or more substances (elements, compounds, etc.) that are not chemically combined.

dirt airclay, sand, organic material

nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide

saladlettuce,

spinach, carrots, anchovies

brasscopper, zinc

a) heterogeneous mixture- a mixture whose substances can be seen.

b) homogeneous mixture- a mixture whose substances cannot be seen.

Measuring Matter

weight- the gravitational pull on an object.

mass- the amount of matter in an object.

weight can change with location, but mass remains the same.

mass = 50 kg

weight = 490 N

mass = 50 kg

weight = 0 N

volume- the amount of space matter takes up.

can be measured in cm3 or mL

density- the measurement of how much mass of a substance is contained in a given volume.

Density =

massvolume

D =m

Vmeasured in grams/cubic centimeter(gm/cm3) or grams/milliliter (gm/mL)

Changes in Matter1) physical changes- a change that alters the

form or appearance of a substance without changing it into another substance.

melting

freezing

boiling

evaporating

2) chemical changes- occurs when bonds break between atoms and form new substances.

Changes in Matter

synthesis decomposition

burning oxidation

chemical changes occur as a result of a chemical reaction!

Law of Conservation of Mass

states that:the total mass during a chemical or

physical change remains constant

or

mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical or physical change.

Energy & Changes in Matter

energy- the ability to do work or cause change.

thermal energy- the total energy of all the particles in an object.

temperature- the measure of the average energy of motion of the particles of a substance.

High temperature

Low temperature

Types of Chemical Changes

endothermic reaction- a chemical reaction in which energy is absorbed; feels cold.

exothermic reaction- a chemical reaction in which energy is released; feels hot.

Types of Energy

1) kinetic energy- the energy of matter in motion.

2) potential energy- the energy of an object’s position; the stored energy of an object

3) Chemical energy- a form of potential energy that is stored in chemical bonds between atoms.

4) Electromagnetic energy- a form of energy that travels through space as waves.

5) electrical energy- the energy of electrically charged particles moving from one place to another.