Things=matter=anything that has mass or takes up space

Classifying Matter

States of matter: solid, liquid, gas, plasma

physical changes

States of matter

Organized according to how particles in that matter behave (or move around).

• How does it move?• Does it have shape?• Does it have definite volume?

LIQUID

• It flows.• Takes on the shape of its container.• Has a definite volume.

SOLID

• Does not flow.• Definite shape.• Definite volume.

GAS

• It flows.• Takes on the shape of its container• Has NO definite volume-takes on the

shape of its container.

Why do they behave this way?

Amount of space between the particles.

A simple comparison b/w states and fans at a ball game:

• Solid – close – in your seats• Liquid – further – moving around the

stadium• Gas – far – parking lot before & after game

October 11, 2010: “C” Day

Objective: To identify the difference between pure substances and mixtures.

Do now: What is a compound? Is this a mixture?

Today:1)Check in Classification of Matter Handout2)Go over Solubility Chart POGIL3)Classification of Matter Notes

Today:1)Check in Classification of Matter Handout2)Go over Solubility Chart POGIL3)Classification of Matter Notes

Announcements:1)Test Friday2)Classification of Matter Activity Tomorrow

Announcements:1)Test Friday2)Classification of Matter Activity Tomorrow

Classification of Matter

Chapter 2 (Sections 1 – 3)

Physical properties

can be seen (observed by senses) alters a substance w/o changing its

composition

Physical change

• the original substance still exists, it has only changed in form (size, shape, phase)

Physical changes: in the lab

• Indicators that a physical change has taken place: dissolve, tear, grind, cut, melt, freeze, evaporate

Chemical properties & change

• Property: how a substance reacts with something else

• Change: a new substance is produced

results in the rearrangement of atoms so that new substance has a new set ofproperties eg: H2O

Simulation

Chemical changes: in the lab

– precipitate forms– gas released (bubbles) – color change– odor – energy change occurs (exothermic or

endothermic)

Concept of irreversibility

Chemical change

Key words: rot, rust, decompose,

ferment, corrode, grow, decay, sprout

October 12, 2010: “D” Day

Objective: To identify the difference between pure substances and mixtures.

Do now: What is a suspension? How is this different from a solution?

Today:1)Complete Classification of Matter Notes2)Chromatography & Classification of Matter Activities

Today:1)Complete Classification of Matter Notes2)Chromatography & Classification of Matter Activities

Announcements:1)Test Friday2)Tomorrow - 2.2 & 2.3 Section Reviews

Announcements:1)Test Friday2)Tomorrow - 2.2 & 2.3 Section Reviews

October 13, 2010: “E” Day

Objective: To identify the difference between pure substances and mixtures.

Do now: Classifying the following (using your chart): pond water, kool-aid, sugar, & gold

Today:1.Complete and Turn in Chromatography & Classification of Matter Activities2.Read 2.2 & 2.3 and complete Section Reviews

Today:1.Complete and Turn in Chromatography & Classification of Matter Activities2.Read 2.2 & 2.3 and complete Section Reviews

Announcements:1)Test Friday2)Tomorrow – Matter, Mixtures, and Solubility Review

Announcements:1)Test Friday2)Tomorrow – Matter, Mixtures, and Solubility Review

Classification of Matter

Colloid ColloidSolutionSolutionSuspensionSuspension

OtherOther

On the periodic table, all atoms the same

Have a chemical formula, set ratio of atoms that cannot be separated by physical means

Matter can be...• Substance

– you can write a chemical formula for them (from the PT)

– cannot be easily separated (NaCl or H2O)

ELEMENT: located on Periodic Table; cannot be separated into simpler substances (Fe)

COMPOUND/MOLECULE: 2 or more elements chemically combined; present in same ratio (H20 and H2O2)

Matter can be...

• Mixture1. physical blend of 2 or more substances2. easily separated (salad)

HOMOGENEOUS: same throughout (Hershey Bar, Milk)

HETEROGENEOUS: different throughout (Snickers Bar, Orange Juice w/ Pulp)

Common solutions:

Aircarbon dioxide and oxygen in nitrogengas-gasBrass - Alloy!Copper and zinc metalsSolid-solidVinegaracetic acid in waterliquid-liquid

What is an alloy?

• Metallic mixture of two or more elements (at least one is a metal)

• made by melting the elements then mixing and cooling them

• Hetero or homogeneous? HOMOGENEOUS

What is an alloy?

• Some examples:– Brass = copper + zinc– Bronze = copper + tin– Steel = several different elements

More Mixtures

• Colloids – Homogeneous– SMALL PARTICLES!!! SIMILAR TO SOLUTION. – USE TYNDALL EFFECT – light beam passes thru

solution, light scatters COLLOID• Suspensions

– LARGE PARTICLES (SNOW GLOBE, SALAD DRESSING)

Tyndall Effect

Separate Mixtures

• Filtration – separates based on particle size.• Chromatography – separated based on

solubility – how well something dissolved in another.

• Distillation – utilizes boiling points to separate components of mixture.

• Centrifuge - separates based on differences in densities.

Did you notice...

1. All elements with single letter symbols are capitalized

2. Two letter symbols are CAPITAL then small

3. Aluminum = Al (symbol relates to name)4. Some symbols are named after Greek or

Latin roots (p. 17 in your book) and next slide

Some examples:

• Tin: Sn from the Latin stannum• Tungsten: W from the Latin wolfram• Lead: Pb from the Latin plumbum• Iron: Fe from the Latin ferrum

Understanding the PT

• Groups are VERTICAL (#1-18)• Periods are HORIZTONAL (#1-7)

• Atomic number: # p+ or e-, above symbol• Average atomic mass: amu or g/mole, below

symbol– Mole: like the word “dozen”, is used to represent

a fixed quantity of atoms or mol. 6.02x1023

Metals, nonmetals, metalloids

• METALS to the left

• NONMETALS to the right

• METALLOIDS the steps (middle)