TEACHERS' SOURCEBOOK

VOCATIONAL HIGHER SECONDARY

State Council of Educational Research & Training (SCERT)Vidyabhavan, Poojappura, Thriuvananthapuram-12, Kerala

GOVERNMENT OF KERALADepartment of Education

2006

PRINTING TECHNOLOGY

SECOND YEAR

Prepared by:State Council of Educational Research & Training (SCERT)

Vidyabhavan, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram -12Kerala

E-mail:scertkerala@asianetindia.com

Type setting by:SCERT Computer Lab.

©Government of KeralaEducation Department

2006

This Teacher’s Sourcebook on Printing Technology introduces theteacher to the main principles and practices of the revised pedagogywhich is activity-based, process-oriented and learner-centred.

The realisation that learning is not mere storing information inmemory and that real learning is construction of knowledgethrough observation, comparison, classification and analysis hasled us to give a new thrust to the teaching-learning process atVocational Higher Secondary level to make it more meaningful andlearner-friendly.

This sourcebook has been developed primarily for the benefit ofteachers who teach Printing Technology at Vocational HigherSecondary level. The subject matter has been dealt with utmostcare, in tune with the revised curriculum and pedagogic principles.It is hoped that this book will enable the teacher to provide suitablelearning activities for effective learning.

The success of the approach depends upon the vision andcommitment of the teacher. They are expected to make use of thissourcebook at all stages of their teaching process. It is also expectedthat the teacher would seek help and guidance from other sourceslike libraries and websites.

Hope that this sourcebook will help the teacher to develop the skillsand experience required for effective classroom transaction.

Creative criticism and suggestions for improvement are mostwelcome.

With regards,

Thiruvananthapuram Dr E. Valsala Kumar July, 2006 Director

SCERT, Kerala

Foreword

Dear Teachers,

C O N T E N T SPART I

GENERAL APPROACH ................................................................. 6LEARNING STRATEGIES ......................................................... 23CURRICULUM OBJECTIVES ....................................................33SYLLABUS ....................................................................................... 39PLANNING .....................................................................................4 5E V A L U A T I O N ................................................................................ 50MONITORING AND SUPPORTING SYSTEM ...................... 6 1

PART II1. P A P E R ................................................................................... 6 4

2. I N K .......................................................................................... 7 53. PRESS DEVELOPMENTS ................................................. 814. OFFSET PRESS OPERATION..........................................9 25. ROLLER AND BLANKET PROBLEMS AND

ITS ADJUSTMENTS ........................................................... 9 86. MULTI COLOUR SHEET FED OFFSET PRESSES .. 1067. PRINTING PROCESS-COLOUR ON SHEET FED ... 1 1 28. WEB OFFSET PRESSES ....................................................1 1 79. TROUBLE SHOOTING .................................................... 12310. SCREEN PRINTING .........................................................13011. OTHER PRINTING PROCESS ......................................1 4 212. FINISHING OPERATIONS ............................................. 1 4813. PRINTING AND PACKAGING ...................................... 1 6 114. BASIC ENGINEERING .................................................... 170

PART III

A P P E N D I X............................................................................................. 1 7 7

A b o u t t h i s B o o k

This book is intended to help the Vocational Higher Secondary School teachersin Printing technology ( Second year)

SyllabusThe Syllabus helps to go through the modern printing techniques.

ActivitesIf necessary, innovative and better activities may be used instead ofsuggested activities.

Lab workCertain units have wide scope to link Lab work with theory. Experimentin lab is not a mere mechanical work, it must be done as a part ofinvestigatory learning. The cycle of experiments for practicals should bearranged in a such a way that theory and practical go parallel to eachother. Activities suggested in the lab are meant for 25-30 students at atime. The number of groups formed should be according to the labfacilities of the school.

PeriodsIn the activity based approach, the periods suggested for each unit isslightly different from that given in the syllabus. The total periodsrequired to transact cos may be varied with the level of students andschool facilities. After preparing the year plan, it is found that all thecos can be transacted within the stipulated time.

QuestionsCertain sample questions are given for TE at the end of each unit.

CE ItemsCE items suggested for each unit are given at the end.

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GENERAL APPROACH

SIGNIFICANCE OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

The ultimate aim of education is human refinement. Education should enable the learner to formulatea positive outlook towards life and to accept a stand which suits the well being of the society and theindividual as well.

The attitude and potential to work has determined the destiny, progress and cultural developmentof the human race. As we all are aware, the objective of education is to form a society and individualshaving a positive work culture. The educational process expected in and outside our formal schoolsshould concentrate upon inculcating concepts, abilities, attitudes and values in tune with these workculture. Hence vocationalised education cannot be isolated from the main stream of education. Inanother sense, every educational process should be vocationalised. However due to our inability toutilize the resources wisely, scarcity of job opportunities is a severe issue of the present society. Forovercoming this deep crisis, emergent techniques have to be sorted out and appropriate researcheshave to be seriously carried out. It is in the sense that the content and methodology of VocationalHigher Secondary Education have to be approached. The need for meaningful linkages between theworld of work and world of education is well recognized. The essence of the recommendationsmade by various commissions and committees is that the vocationalisation should be the main featureof the future system of education at the higher secondary stage, it can be extended to school levelalso.

Vocational education is system of education which intends to prepare students for identifiedoccupations , opening several areas of activities.

The Vocational Higher Secondary course was envisaged as a part of the National Policy onEducation with the noble idea of securing a job along with education. The relevance of vocationaleducation is very great in this age of unemployment. This education system, which ensures a jobalong with higher education stands aloof from other systems of education.

This education imparts the life skills required by the youth to enter the world of work and assumingthe responsibilities of adulthood. As per the expert meeting report 2001 of UNESCO, the life skillsare grouped under 4 categories. They are1. Skills for personal fulfillment

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2. Skills for living in society3. Skills for dealing with changing economies4. Skills for dealing with changing work patterns.

Vocational Education ensures fulfillment of manpower requirement or national development andfor social security for the citizens through self-employment. It also helps to reduce the migration ofrural youth to urban areas and thus helps in rural development.

The learners of Vocational Education get an opportunity to avail one year apprenticeshiptraining in industries to improve their practical skill. During the course of study, on the job training(OJT) for 10 days in a year is arranged to improve the skill and efficiency of the learner. Thiseducation system motivates the attitude towards self –employment through Production Cum ServiceTraining Centres. (PSTC)

OBJECTIVE OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

The National policy on education has accorded very high priority to the program ofvocationalisation of education, considering the following objectives.

1. To fulfill national goals of development and the removal of unemployment and poverty.2. To impart education relevant to increased production and productivity, economic development

and individual prosperity.3. To make available skilled work force at all levels to alleviate the rural unemployment and for

the development of nation.4. To develop environmental awareness to ensure sustainable development.5. To develop vocational aptitude, work culture, values and attitudes of the learners so as to

enrich the productivity of the nation.6. To develop entrepreneurial competencies and skills of learners for self reliance and to undertake

gainful self employment.7. To facilitate the expansion of higher education and explore future opportunities through

innovative guidance and programmes.8. To develop vocational competencies, creative thinking in the related areas and facilitate training.9. To create awareness on mental, physical and social health.10. To acquire awareness about different job areas and to provide backgrounds for accruing

higher level training in subjects concerned.

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Printing Technology

LearningLearning is construction of knowledge through a continuous mental process. It is an

advancement through adding and correcting in the light of comparing the new issue with the previouslylearned concepts. Learning is an intellectual process rather than the mere memorization of facts.Learning is a conglomeration of a variety of activities like problem solving, finding out co-relations,prediction, arriving at conclusions, rational as well as critical thinking, finding applications, groupingfor other possibilities and extracting the crux when opportunities are provided for intellectual processeslearning will become effective and intellectual ability will get strengthened.Theoretical foundations of learning

Education is the best device that can be adopted for creation of a new society. It should bedemocratic in content and process and should acknowledge the rights of the learner. It should alsoprovide opportunity for better citizenship training. The concept of equality at all areas should getrecognition in theory and practice. There should be conscious programme of action to developnationality, humanness and love against the encroachment of sectarianism of caste and religion. Thelearner should become cognisent of the implications of privatisation, liberalisation, globalisation etc.

They should develop a discrimination to use the acquired learning as a liberative weapon.

They should be able to view education and life with the perspective of social well being.

A basic awareness of all the subjects needed for life is essential for all students.

The remnants of perspectives formed in us during the colonial period still influence our educationalphilosophy. The solution to the present day perplexities of the society which approaches educationon the basis of competitions and marketisation is only a comprehensive view of life.

It is high time that education was recognized on the basis of the philosophy of human education.The human approach to education has to reflect in its content, learning process and outlook. Theperspective of ‘learning to be’ and learning to live together as expressed by the UNESCO and theconcepts of existential, intrapersonal and interpersonal intelligence.

The basis of new approaches on curriculum and teaching- learning process are derived from thedevelopments tookplace in the east and west of the world.

When we begin to see the learner at the centre of the learning process, the teaching process hasto be changed timely. It is the result of the rapid growth and development of Science and Technologyand Pedagogy. If we want to undergo the changing process, we have to imbibe the modern hypothesisregarding learner that they have

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w great curiosityw good imaginationw numerous other qualities and interestsw independent individualityw interest in free thinking and working In a fearless atmosphere.w interest in enquiring and questioning.w ability to reach conclusions after logical thinking.w ability for manifest arid establish freely the conclusions arrived at.w interest for recognition in the society.w determination to face the interference of society and make components which is a part of

social life..When we consider the learning system, the domains to be stressed in education according to themodern development becomes relevant.

The knowledge domain consists ofw Facts

w Ideas

w Laws

w The temporary conclusions and principles used presently by scientists.

The learning is a process. The continuous procedures we undergo to reach a particular goal isprocess. The skills which are parts of the process to analyze the collected ideas and proofs andcome to a conclusion is called process skills. Some important process skills are,The skills;

w To observe

w To collect data and record

w To classify

w To measure and prepare charts

w To experiment

w To predict

w To recognize and control the variables

w To raise questions

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Printing Technology

w To generalize

w To form a hypothesis and check.

w To conclude

w To communicate

w To predict arid infer

w To use tools.

Observation is the process of acquiring knowledge through the senses. It is purelyobjective oriented. Learning experiences which provide the use all the sense may beused.

The process of grouping is known as classifying. Starting from simple groupings ofdata, it can extend to the level of classification into minute sub-groups.

In addition to this, consider the skills related to creative domain also, they areskills:

w To visualize

w To connect facts and ideas in new ways.

w To find out new and uncommon uses of objects

w To fantasize

w To dream

w To develop creative isolated thoughts

Creativity is an essential component of process and activities. The element of creativityis involved in finding out problems, formation of hypothesis, finding ‘solutions’ to problemsetc. Through activity oriented learning experiences, opportunities to express creativitycan be created.

Again, the following factors consisting in the Attitudinal domain are also important as;w Self confidence

w Love for scientific knowledge

w Attitude to know and value history

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w Respect human emotions

w Decide with reasonable present problems

w Take logical decisions regarding personal values

‘Hypothesis’ is a temporary conclusion drawn using insight. Based on knowledgeand experiences relating to the problems the causes and solutions can be guessed.

As regards the application domain the important factors are the ability to:w observe in daily life examples of ideas acquired.

w take the help of scientific process to solve the problems of daily life.

w choose a scientific life style

w connect the ideas acquired with other subjects.

w integrate the subjects with other subjects.

Some basic stands have to be taken on the new scientific knowledge about intelligence learningand teaching. When such basic concepts are accepted changes are required in the following factors.

w The vision, approach, structure and content of the curriculum.

w The vision, approach, structure and content of the textbooks.

w Role of the teacher and the learner.

w Learner atmosphere, learning materials and learning techniques.

Some scientific perspectives accepted by modem world in educational psychology are givenbelow.Constructivism

This approach puts forward the concept that the learner constructs knowledge. New knowledgeis constructed when ideas are examined and practiced in new situations relating them with thepreviously acquired knowledge and experience. That is assimilated into the cognitive structure ofone’s knowledge. This method which gives priority to critical thinking and problem solving providesopportunity for self motivated learning.Social Constructivism

Social constructivism is a sub section of constructivism. Knowledge is formed, spread and imbibedand it becomes relevant in a social environment. Interactive learning, group learning, co-operativeparticipatory learning, all these are concepts put forward by social constructivism.

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Printing Technology

The main propounders of constructivism are piaget, vygotsky and Bruner.

Discovery learning and interactive learning have prime importance. Learning takes place as apart of the attempt for problem solving. The activities of a learner who confronts cognitivedisequilibrium in a learning situation when he tries to overcome it leads to the renewal of cognitivestructure. It is through this process construction of new knowledge and the assimilation of them takeplace. Observation and enquiry are unavoidable factors. The learner advances towards new areasof acquisition of knowledge where he tries to compare his new findings with the existing concepts.

Learning is a live mental process. Rather than the ability for memorization of facts cognitiveprocess has to be given emphasis. The process of problem analysis, elucidation, critical thinking,rational thinking, finding out co-relation, prediction, hypothesis formation, application, probing forother possibilities, extracting the crux and other processes are of critical importance in learning.

Constructivism gives greater predominance to co-operative learning. Social and cultural factorsinfluence learning. Sharing of knowledge and experience ántong learners, collective enquiry,assessment and improvement, group activity and collaborative learning by sharing responsibilitieswith the objective of public activity, provide opportunity for effective learning.

In learning internal motivation is more important than external motivation. The learner shouldhave interest and initiative in learning. Learning situation should be capable of forming a sense ofownership in the learner regarding the learning process.

Learning is not a linear process. It progresses in a spiralled way advancing deeper and wider.New concepts of Learning

1.. Discovery LearningThe teacher has to create a motivating atmosphere for the learner to discover concepts and facts,

instead of listening always. Creating occasion to progress towards discovery is preferred. Instead oftelling everything before and compelling to initiate the models, situations are to be created to help thechildren act models as themselves.2. Learning by discussion

Discussion leads to learn is Burner’s theory. Here discussion is not opposing each other. It is asharing on the plane of ideas. New ideas are arrived at by seeking explanations, by mutual givingand taking of ideas and by problem solving.3. Problem solving and learning

Only when the learner feels that some thing is a problem to be solved that he takes the responsibilityof learning it. It is an inborn tendency to act to solve a problem that causes cognitive disequilibriumin a particular area. It is also needed to have confidence that one is capable of doing it. The problems

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are to be presented in consideration of the ability and level of attainment of the learner.4. Collaborative learning

This is the learning in which the responsibilities are distributed among the members of the groupkeeping common learning objectives. The common responsibility of the group will be successfulonly if each member discharges his duties. All the members will reach a stage of sharing the result oflearning, equally through the activity with mutual understanding. The teachers who arrange collaborativelearning will have to make clear the responsibilities to be discharged. This is possible through thediscussion with the learners. Collaborative learning will help to avoid the situations of one personworking for the whole group.5. Co-operative learning

This is the learning in which the learners help one another. Those who have more knowledge,experience and competency, will help others. By this exchange of resources the learners develop aplane of social system in learning also. As there are no high ups and low ones according to statusamong the learners they can ask the fellow students doubts and for helps without any hesitation or inhesitation Care should be taken not to lead this seeking of help to mechanical copying. It should beon the basis of actual needs. So even while encouraging this exchange of ideas, among the membersof the group cautious acceptance is to be observed as a convention. There should be an understandingthat satisfactory responses should come from each member and that the achievement of the groupwill be assessed on the basis of the achievement of all the members6. Zone of Proximal Development

Vygotsky observes that there is a stage of achievement where a learner can reach by himself andanother higher zone where he can reach with the help of his teachers and peers and elders. Eventhough some can fulfil the learning activity by themselves there is the possibility Of a higher excellence.If appropriate help is forth covering every learner can better himself.7. Scaffolding

It is natural that the learner may not be able to complete his work if he does not get support at theproper-time-The learner may require the help of the teacher in several learning activities. Herehelping means to make the learner complete the activity taking responsibility by himself. The teacherhas to keep in mind the objective of enabling the learner to take the responsibility and to make itsuccessful.

8. Learning an active mental processLearning being a cognitive process, the teacher needs to know cognitive processes to facilitate

the creation of learning opportunities. Learning can be made effective by providing learning experiencesinvolving mental processes like

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Printing Technology

w Retrieves/recollects/retells informationw Readily makes connections to new information based on past experiences and formulates

initial ideas /concepts.w Detects similarities and differencesw Classifies/categories/organizes information approximately.w Translates/transfer knowledge or understanding and applies them in a new situation.w Establishes cause-effect relationshipsw Makes connections/relates prior knowledge to new information/applies reasoning and draw

inferencesw Communicates knowledge/understanding through different media.w Imagines/fantasises/designs/predicts based on received informationw Judges /appraises/evaluates the merits or demerits of an idea/develops own solutions to a

problem.9. Intrinsic Motivation

Intrinsic motivation is given more importance than extrinsic motivation. The teacher has to arousethe internal motivation of the learner. A person internally motivated alone can immerse in learning andown its responsibility.

developing this area of intelligence10 . Multiple intelligence

The Theory of Multiple Intelligence put forward by Howard Gardener has created a turning pointin the field of education. The National curriculum documents has recommended that the curriculumis to be designed taking into consideration of this theory.

Main factors of the intellect:1. Verbal/linguistic Intelligence

Ability to read and write, making linguistic creations, ability to lecture competence to effectivecommunication, all these come under this. This can be developed by engaging in language gamesand by teaching others.2. Logical/mathematical Intelligence

Thinking rationally with causes and effect relation and finding out patterns and relations comeunder this area. Finding out relations, explaining things, sequential and arithmetical calculations etc.are capable of developing this area of intelligence.3. Visual/spatial Intelligence

In those who are able to visualize models and bringing what is in the imagination into visual formand in philosophers, designers and sculptors this area of intelligence is developed. The activities like

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modeling using clay and pulp, making of art equipments, sculpture, and giving illustrations to storiescan help the development of this ability.4. Bodily Kinesthetic Intelligence

The activities using body language come under this. This area of intelligence is more developedin dancers and actors who are able to express ideas through body movements and in experts insports, gymnastics etc.5. Musical Intelligence

This is an area of intelligence which is highly developed in those who are able to recognize thedifferent elements of music in musicians and in those who can here and enjoy songs. Playing musicalinstruments, imitating the songs of musicians, listening silently to the rhythms and activities like thisare capable of developing this area of intelligence.6. Interpersonal Intelligence

Those in whom this area of intelligence is developed show qualities of leadership and behavewith others in a noble manner. They are capable of understanding the thought or others and carryingon activities like discussion successfully7. Intrapersonal Intelligence

This is the ability to understand oneself. These people can recognize their own abilities anddisabilities. Writing diaries truthfully and in an analyzing way and assessing the ideas and activities ofothers will help developing this areas of intelligence8. Naturalistic Intelligence

A great interest in the flora and fauna of the nature, love towards fellow beings interest in spiritualand natural factors will be capable of developing this area.9. Existential Intelligence

The ability to see and distinguish ours own existence as a part of the universe, ability to distinguishthe meaning and meaninglessness of life, the ability to realize the ultimate nature of mental andphysical existences, all these re the peculiarities of this faculty of intelligence.10. Emotional Quotient

The concept of emotional intelligence put forward by Daniel Golman was used in framing the newcurriculum. The fact that one’s Emotional Quotient (E.Q) is the greatest factor affecting success inlife is now widely accepted. The teacher who aims to focus on improving the emotional intelligenceof students need to concentrate on the following.

i) Ability to take decisions

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Rather than imposing decision on students while planning and executing activities, the studentsmay be allowed to take part in the decision making process. Taking decisions through open discussionin the class, inviting students suggestions on common problems etc. are habits to be cultivated.ii) Ability to reach consensusw When different opinions, ideas and positions arise, the students may be given the responsibility

to reach a consensus.w Imagining what would be the course of action in some situations, allowing to intervene in a

healthy way in problems between individuals.iii) Problem solving

w Developing the idea that there is reason and solution to any problem.

w Training in finding reasons for problems.

w Suggesting solutions through individual or group efforts.

w Discussing social problems.

w Analyzing the shortcomings in methods to solve problems.

Whether plastic can be banned within school premises can be given as a problem. Group discussionwill provide reasons and solutions. Problems which can influence classroom learning and for whichthe learner can actively contributeSolution need to be posed

w Self criticism, evaluation

w Ability to face problem-situation in life

w Thinking what one would do if placed in the situation of others, how one would respond tocertain experiences of others - All these foster the growth of emotional intelligence.

iv) Life skillsLife skills need to be given a prominent place in education. W.H.O. has listed : skills required for-

success in life.w Self awareness

w Empathy

w Inter personal relations

w Communication

w Critical thinking

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w Creative thinking

w Decision making

w Problem solving

w Coping with emotion

w Coping with stress

The new curriculum addresses these areas.

Knowing the characteristics of the learner, role of the teacher and how to use the teachershandbook help the teacher to plan and effectively implement learning activities.

Role of a TeacherIn the earlier approach the teacher was mainly depending on the lecture method for teaching. But

in the new method of education the student centered approach in given more importance than theteacher centered approach. Under this changed scenario the teacher has to perform the followingroles in the classroom.

The teacher should be

w A facilitator of learning

w A guide to the overall development of the student

w A good observer and motivator

w Able to consider the activities, needs, special features and age group of students at highersecondary level.

w Able to understand the limitations of learner and their learning problems.

w An instructional material developers

w A good communicator

w An innovator

w Able to raise leadership qualities and self confidence of the learner

w An authoritarian in the concerned subject

w Able to arrest and sustain the attention of the learner

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Printing Technology

w Able to bring out and encourage the inborn talents.

w A resource manger to ensure the optimum utilization of resources.

w A systematic record keeper

w A controller to issue guidance to the students

w A person with high level of practical competency

w Able to correlate area of study with familiar environmental situations

w A self evaluator and good listener

w Able to create awareness in social problems

w A person with democratic and humanitarian approach

w A professionalist as well as philosopher

w A good evaluator

w A good organizer and a friend.

w A co-learner as well as co-researcher

w Able to give assistance and advice in placement needs and self employment by giving moraland technical support

w Able to keep moral values

w A person equipped with skill for using new techniques of learning

w Optimistic and impartial

Child friendly Class Room AtmosphereLearning can be effective and enjoyable only when the class atmosphere is according to the new

conception of learning and the characteristics of higher secondary teacher.

w Class and seating are arranged in an attractive wayw Democratic nature is upheldw Always activew Students interact with teachers without fearw Opportunity for a variety of activitiesw Students allowed to involve interesting group activities

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w Learning speed, learning style and differencing levels of attitudes are considered.Help is extended whenever needed.

w Sufficient instructional materials are availablew These is freedom of expression, students share their ideas and experiencesw Students are given acceptance and encouragementw Healthy atmospherew Needs of each students is given consideration. Happy and energetic atmospherew Teachers work considering the rights of studentsw Problems handled in a patient wayw Teachers work at all events from the students view point

These will be students of various ability levels in any class because learning style, learning speed,varying exposure to language experiences, physical ad psychological problems and varying socio-cultural background.

The learning experiences provided must help to bring the low activities to an expected level andextended the breadth and depth of the skills of the high activities.

By repeating experiences, introducing variations in a learning experience to suit different levelsand if needed, formulating additional experiences the problem of varying ability levels can be tackled

Role of LearnerThe learner in second year has undergone a learner centered and process oriented learning

experience up to first year. The learner at this age is in awakening stage and he is enthusiastic aboutenvironment. He needs recognition and encouragement from environment and also recognize as agrown up man. He is adequately competent to select vocational subjects according to his aptitudeand interact and to acquire higher education and profession as he wishes. The aspirations aboutfuture life is framed in this particular age for seeming national and international job opportunities.Some of the peculiarities of learner at this stage are;

w Physical, intellectual and emotional planer are intensive changes during the age and theirreflections can be observed

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Printing Technology

w Ability to enquire discover and establish cause effect relationship between phenomena

w Headiness to undertake challenges

w Capacity to shoulder leadership roles

w Attempt to interpret oneself

w Susceptibility to different pressures

w Doubts, anxieties and eagerness about sex

w Imaging for social recognition

Needs of Learnerw To make acquaintance with a job or self employment through vocational education

w To acquire more knowledge in the concerned area through higher education

w To recognize and encourage the peculiar personality of the later adolescent period

w To enable him to defined against the unfavorable circumstances without any help

Role of learnerw Active participant in the learning process

w Act as a researcher

w Sharer of information

w Sharer of responsibilities

w Collect information

w Jakes leadership

w Involves in group work

w Act as a co-participant

w Observes his environment

w Experiments and realize

w Make interpretations and draw inferences

w Mould himself in to an active contributor for the welfare of the society

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EVALUATIONIn vocational higher secondary education, a new approach to education and evaluation should

be made. Evaluation must be a systematic and continuous process. As the curriculum is based onvocational stream, capacity building is a most important part and it should be evaluated accordingly.The technical skills, interest in the particular field, communication skill, analysis organizing andpresentation skills etc have to be evaluated. The personal and social qualities also have to be evaluated.Therefore, evaluation should be transparent, continuous and comprehensive.

SUBJECT APPROACH -APPROACH TO LEARNING PRINTING TECHNOLOGY

I. IntroductionThe art of preserving all arts, printing has since the eighties undergone a complete transformation

with the application of electronics, computers and microprocessors and advanced science andtechnology. This technology has developed by incorporating the advancements from other disciplinesand adopting the latest technical information from commercial art, photography, applied science,computer, mechanical and electronic engineering etc.

The diversity of language and the multitude of literate population, which is roughly 1000 million,create an ever increasing demand for printed materials in social, cultural, educational, artistic andscientific fields. Achievement of full literacy and higher levels of education mainly depend upon theavailability of printed materials in the form of books, journals, magazines, newspapers, researchpapers, reports and so on. Printed material is the main medium of communication and disseminationof knowledge, but more than this, the medium of print is improving its position in today’s multimediasociety. The trend is towards approaching target groups directly, faster production, more and morecolour and even higher quality The methods of print production are also changing, in the direction ofenvironmentally compatible, highly automated and easily operated printing systems integrated in adigital data environment. There is a dearth of technical man-power operators, technicians andsupervisors with broad based science, engineering background combined with a knowledge ofBusiness Administration to manage modern printing and allied establishments.

Packaging is an integral part of Printing Industry. The printing and packaging industries in Indiahave assumed growing significance during the last decade. This has become a dynamic and key areafor manufactures and trading companies all over the country with the element of aesthetics, hygienicand cost effectiveness receiving increasing importance in commercial operations. The exterior looksand presentability of marketable goods leave a lasting impression on the minds of consumers and inthis context packaging occupies the centre stage. New packaging machines and technologies havebeen introduced to meet the challenges. Today, the Indian Packaging Industry is growing at a rate of15—20 percent per annum.

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Printing Technology

The printing industry is one of the biggest and fastest growing industries in India More than onelakh printing presses are in operation all over the country with a capital investment of over Rs.80,000 million. This industry provides direct and indirect employment to another two million people.It is natural that along-side the growth of literacy, there is a commensurate rise in demand for variousinputs for the printing industry.Training and Manpower Requirements

The Indian Printing Industry today requires trained and technically qualified personnel at thefollowing levels.1. Operators2. Technicians3. Supervisors4. Managers and Production Executives5. Sales Executives6. Machine manufacturing and Machine maintenance personal7. Personnel for research and development.

In order to meet the above demands for supplying required manpower to the printing industry,the entire system of printing education in India has lately been restructured and summed up into threetiers. At the lowest level ie. first - tier, there are I.T.Is offering certificate courses in the concernedspecialised trades of Printing Technology mostly covering the categories (1) and (2) given above.Vocational Higher Secondary courses in printing technology has also been categorised under thisgroup.

The categories (3), (4) and (5) are being covered by the middle level (second tier) Diplomainstitutions.

The categories (6) and (7) and also category (4) to a certain extent, are being covered by thehigher level institutions (third-tier) offering degree in printing technology

The present syllabus (VHSE) has been designed to produce operators and technicians in the firstgroup as mentioned above.

The computer has entered every aspects of print production and has become the overridingelement that guided all changes. Hence, the most current procedures and state-of-the-art materialsin each phase of the printing process. We have discussed about the pre press produces in first year.The second year mainly deals with press work, post work operation and materials.

The press work generally starts with print job on machine. The completion of printing job is saidto be with it is designed, printed and despatched.

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LEARNING STRATEGIES

In the modern era of globalization the introduction of new technologies ensure only the survival ofthe fittest. So it becomes a necessity to equip the leanness to face the growing challenges in thecompetitive world. Hence the traditional approach to learning is no more relevant in the presentcontext. The teacher should use instructional techniques that motivate the student to construct hisown knowledge. Now the learners are not passive listeners , but they are the active participants inthe construction of knowledge. Here the teacher – student interaction should be given muchimportance.

In the new instructional strategy while selecting the methods of teaching, the social and psychologicalaspects of the learner is to be taken into consideration. The given activities for learning are onlysuggested one. It can be altered according to the discretion of the teacher.

To obtain the objectives, the new system of education is introduced in the Vocational HigherSecondary Education for attaining the objectives of the courses in this system, we can adopt thefollowing strategies.1. Assignment

Assignment is some specific work assigned to the students as a part of their academic enrichment.There are learning activities undertaken as a continuation of class room activities to realize thecurriculum objectives to a broader extent . They should be completed in time bound manner. Theyhelp to lead learner to higher level of learning from the present status. Challenging assignment canmotivate the students to involve in group dynamics and achieve fruitful results . The teachers may atas a guide.

Assignment may be given on individuals or group basics. Assignment includes preparation ofnotes, preparation of charts, models, collection, of materials from institutions etc. Assignment developskills of reference, observation, enquire reporting etc. It ensure the effective utilization of leisure timeof the students.2. Seminar

Seminar is a learning strategy involving an in-depth analysis of specific topic, preparation ofa paper and presentation . The paper is presented by either one students or a group of students.After the presentation, there will be a discussion/ interaction in which all the students can participate. The students get an opportunity to clear their doubts and make clarification. Seminar helps todevelop communication skill and overcome stage fright.

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Stages1. Selection of Topic

The topic of seminar should be relevant to the subject of study2. Assignment of topic to individuals students or team

The topic may be assigned to one students may be given to a group of students

3. Collection of relevant information

Information required for seminar can be collected from various sources namely books, magazines,internet, institutions, place and persons.4. Preparation of draft paper

Based on the information collected the student may prepare a draft paper and submit it tothe teachers for comments. Revise the draft paper based on the comments of the teachers. Therequired drafts is submitted for approval.5. Program Scheduling

The date, time and venue of the seminar is fixed. A seminar leader may be selected from thestudents6. Seminar paper presentation

The student/ students shall present the paper in the seminar. The teacher may function as themoderator during the initial stages.7. Discussion / Interaction

A number of respondents from the students make comments on the topic. This will be followedby a general discussion. All the group members should actively participate in discussion.8. Summing up deliberation

The moderator sums up the deliberation9. Evaluation / Feed back

Both teachers and students evaluate the programme.10. Preparation of final report

A final seminar report is prepared covering all the additional points discussed and consolidated

3. Panel DiscussionIt is a learning strategy in which a panel of experts are allowed to discuss a specific subjects

under the control and direction of a moderator. Subjects can be divided according to the number ofpanel members. Number of panel members are fixed according to subdivision of points in the

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subject. Relevant materials and hand out may be given in advance to the learners. The monitor ormoderator introduces the subject of discussion and invite a panel member to start the discussion.Each panel member is invited for discussion afterwards. After briefing by the panel members thequestion are raised from the audience and the panel members give suitable answer to them. A reportshould be submitted by each learner to the moderator .

4. ProjectProject is a self-learning strategy which can exert great influence on the overall development

of the learner. Project as learning strategy is to be selected where a problem arises in any part of thecurriculum. The students may be divided into groups and assigned different aspects of the problem.Each group works independently .Specific aspects of the problem such as data collection, classification,analysis, report preparation and presentation is to be undertaken by each of the members. Eventhough the work is divided among the members, it must be ensured that the execution of each andevery activity is done with the active participation of all. After analyzing data collected from differentsources, the learner arrives at a conclusion that can help to solve the problem. There by learnerlearns the topic though his own activity. The other advantage of this learning activities is that it helpsthe learner to scientifically handle any problematic situation. It helps in the development of scientificthinking and thereby builds up the students aptitude for the subject.Stages of the project1. Selection of a topic

The project selected should be related to the curriculum and it should not be a project forprojects sake. The topic or problem should arise from the curriculum.2. Planning of the Project

(A) Hypothesizing: Hypothesizing means making assumptions based on the available primaryinformation.

(B) Methods and Technique : The methods and Technique should be based on the aim andHypothesizing of the Project. The nature of the project, suitability of the tools, and the methods oflearning should be related to each other.3. Collection and Tabulation of Data

The data may be primary, Secondary or territory. Either census or sampling method can be usedbased on the objective of the project. Suitable questionnaires are to be prepared for the collectionof primary data.

The collected data is to be classified and tabulated so as to make it easily understandable.

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4. Analysis of data and formulation of conclusion By analyzing the data, the reliability of the hypotheses can be examined. Preparation of

graphs and diagrams and maps will positively help the analysis. The similarities relations anddifferences gathered from the analyzed information would tell whether the hypotheses should beaccepted or rejected.5. Preparation of Report

The cover page should have the title of the project, the period of study, name (s) of investigator/ group, and the address of the school. The report should be structured in the following order.1. Title2. Preface3. Hypotheses and aim4. Methodology5. Sources of data6. Analysis and conclusion7. Suggestions (if any)8. References9. Appendices (Questionnaire, Observation schedule, check list Etc.)

6. Presentation of the Project

When the project is presented , the learner is being evaluated and accepted. It is through thispresentation that ideas are shared with others in the class and society.

The project methods promotes scientific self learning and makes him capable of solving theproblem arising in real life situations.5. Debate

Debate is a hot and interesting learning activities. A debate can be organized only on a topic onwhich there is difference of opinion. Therefore a topic suitable for debate has to be found.

Debate can be on relevant topic that is different and interesting to the students and relevant tosociety. Students with different opinion have to be identified for discussion. Those who have similaropinion should join together to form a side . Those who hold the opposite view with form the otherside. It would be good to write down the topic of the debate and displayed in advance. Thereshould also a person to control debate.

Students should be given opportunity to absorb the ideas obtained from discussion and debate,develop the idea through reading and study, and to express them through writing or other means

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Stages of Debate

1. Topic Selection2. Selection of panels keeping in balance with intelligence, gender etc.3. Selection of moderator4. Collection of information guided by the teacher5. Conducting the debate under the control of moderator by avoiding any sort of personal conflicts6. Conclusion by the moderator expressing his final version or verdict.6. Case Study

A case may be a person, institution or a community case study is an in depth analysis of an actualevent or situation. It presents real pictures of situation with facts, objective information or data :learners analyse the case to interpret, predict and resolve issues associated with it. The case studyprovides the learner an opportunity to analyse and apply concepts, data and theory taught from theclass. Learners can work individually or in groups.

By studying realistic cases in the classroom, students develop new insights into the solution ofspecific on – the – job problem and also acquire knowledge of the latest concepts and principlesused in problem solving.

Case may be presented by the teachers or may be provided in print form.

A simple case study may have the following steps1. Collection of data2. Conversion of data into information3. Analysis of the case in groups4. Presentation of the finding by each group leader.5. Evaluation

In addition to the above mentioned learning strategy there are many other learning strategieswhich can be used in appropriate situations to enrich leaning process such as problem solving, Roleplay, brain storming, debate etc.

7. Brain StormingThis is the best method for solving creative problems. It facilitates generation of ideas quickly.

Rules for conducting Brain storming.1. No response is wrong. So welcome every response.2. Welcome as many responses as possible3. No criticism is allowed

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4. Allow to work on others ideaSteps in Brain storming1. Presentation of the problem2. Provide relevant information3. Record the ideas put forth by the participants4. Combine similar ideas5. Evaluate each idea and solution6. Selection of the best solution

If brainstorming is used as an instruction strategy, the last step is not essential

8. DiscussionDiscussion is essential for the student to share new finding, idea and conclusion at each stage of

learning with follow students and teachers. In general discussion the teachers should guide thediscussion though questioning and summarizing. The major steps involved are

1. Introduction initiated by the teacher2. Development of discussion by giving lead points and follow up interactions3. Transaction stage in which the key points are reviewed by the teacher and4. Summarizing stage in which teacher provides additional support materials to ensure the

achievement of the objectives

9.Group DiscussionGroup discussion is an ideal method to develop Co-operation, democratic attitude, friendliness

and compromising attitude which are the ultimate aims of education. During group discussion theteacher may observe each group and it needed help them to Channel the discussion towards thecommon objectives. All students may be given opportunity to take part and express their ideaswithin a time limit. The conclusion reached may be entered by each students. A group representativemust present this during consolidation in which the teacher may correct or add information’s toensure that all the relevant ideas have been covered

10. CollectionCollection is a continuous learning activity, which ensure complete participation of students. The

Collected item may be materials, pictures, charts, ideas, data etc. Collection provides directexperience to learn. An exhibition of collected materials will help to strengthen the concept.

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11. Practical works

Experimentation contains the process skill in an integrated way. In the new approach of curriculumthe student forms idea and comes to conclusion though process. The term ‘Practical ‘ when associatedwith a science subject usually means an experiment. The objective of doing a experiment is toexplore new ideas though investigation only. Its main purpose is to verify some principles associatedwith theory. The Subjects ends here. But this is not the case with ‘Vocational Practical’

The ultimate goal of a Vocational Education is to generate skill through continuous practice alongwith investigation and invention. Continuous practice transforms the unskilled to the skilled. This isthe significance and importance of practicals in the Vocational stream. Hence it is very crucial thatVocational teachers as well as instructor should understand the importance of vocational practicaland act accordingly.

12. QuizQuiz programmes can be used as an interesting class room tool for transaction of curriculum

objectives as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of transaction and achievement of students.

For conducting a quiz programme a topic should be selected based on the above objective

The students are asked to prepare question based on the topic individually. The next day / nexthour the students are grouped into 3-4 groups randomly. A question is raised by a particular teamand the other teams to answer them if they can answer the question they get points for that if allother teams fail to answer the question raised by the 1St team the 1st team answer the questionand explain the background if necessary. All the teams get equal number of chance to ask thequestion . Time limit is also prescribed for the conduction of the programme. The team who scoresmaximum points wins

All the participants can make notes on the questions asked answer and their explanation whichhelp them in learning

13. ModelsModels are used in learning process. It enhanced the leaning experience. This is based on the

‘seeing is believing”. It helps the learner a chance to see feel the model presented . Still models andworking models help the students to understand the structure , working principles, actual operationetc.

Several steps are involved1. Feeling the problem2. The teacher should plan the type of model according to co’s

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3. Grouping the students4. Briefing the tasks

- Aim- Need- Material required- Source & Materials- Cost of materials- Division of Labour- Guidance- Fixing of a time limit

5. Presentation y each group about(A) How the models were prepared(B) Details of - Expenses- working and principles

Finally Documentation of the process6. Evaluation

- By the other groupslater a consolidation by teachers are to be done.

14. GamesClass rooms can be made attractive by introducing different types of games. Games should be

interesting as well as informative some of suitable games are1. Odd man out2. Cross word puzzles3. Match the following4. Aswamedham5. Link game – Answer using clues.15. Survey

This strategy involves collection of data from the group under study (book, person, materialsetc.) It develop the social interaction and communication ability of the learner. It also provide ascope for discovery learning.

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Step involved in survey- Objective of survey- Selection of area for survey/sampling frame- Selection of survey method

wDirect methodwWith help of questionnaire/schedule

- Tabulation and analysis- Consolidation and Presentation16. Exhibition

It is a learning strategy by which the learner can get a chance to show the skill developed. Itprovides the intrinsic motivation and exposure.

Exhibition item can be conducted either individually or as a group task. It can be conducted atschool / Regional/State/National Level. Necessary publicity and other arrangement can be provided.Presentation, documentation participation and innovative skills of the learner can be evaluated.17. Interview

Interview is one of the important learning strategy taking the help of a resource person. Interviewis an interview. It provide opinion and information about a topic.

An interview is conducted by the following steps1. How to introduce a problem?2. Invite a resource person3. Decide the questions by learners4. Decide the time, place etc.5. How to discuss6. How many students to participate7. Implementation of the interview8. Conclusion (Facilitator)Items required1. Interview Schedule

List of question prepared by learners Selection of students, selected names sequence of question

18. Field VisitField visit is an inevitable vocational tool to be implemented in vocational Higher Secondary

Education. This helps the students to familarise with the modern technologies and new situation in adifferent atmosphere. It provides learning though viewing. It is based on the principle that seeing isbetter than having. It enables the learning to retain the learned informations longer and to make thesubject more interesting. It motivates and give more confidence in his/her particular vocation.

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The facilitation should identify suitable center/ institution/site. Get prior permission from theauthorities before conducting the field visit. Give instructions to the learners for collection data’s/information’s/materials/Specimens. Teacher may assign different duties to learners by working themdifferent groups.

Each learner should take utmost care and interest during the visit. He/She should observe andinteract at the center/ institution where the field visit is conducted

After the visit, learner should acquire the ability to apply the ideas/concepts in his future carrier.Each learner should submit a detailed report about the field visit.

19. DemonstrationThough demonstration we can present an item/product and emphasis its features very effectively

Eg:- To understand the functioning of a computer1. Material/Item/Process2. Demonstration3. Venue4. Additional requirements depending upon the nature of the item

Demonstration Process1. Introduction about the item/Material2. Principles – Working3. Operation4. Components5. Merits of the item

20. Chart displayIt is also one of the important teaching aid. It can be used in every activities of a learning process.

Chart display is a written or pictorial representation of idea or concept. It is abbreviate brief andclear. It is prepared by studyBenefits1. A learner gets clear idea about the concept2. The leaner can retain the ideas in his mind for longer periods3. A complicated idea can be simplified though a chart4. Cheap method of teaching aid.

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CURRICULUM OBJECTIVES

UNIT 1 PAPER

1. To understand the items paper, board etc and their classification through discussion, samplecollection and prepare note.

2. To acquire knowledge about International and Indian standard paper sizes and its nomenclaturethrough discussion, chart presentation, demonstration, collection of data, lab work and preparenote, Lab diary / or Record book/.

3. To understand paper calculations and wastage through discussion calculation, chart,presentation, and prepare note,

4. To acquire knowledge about paper making process through discussion, field visit; preparefield visit report and note.

5. To understand properties affecting paper through discussion, sample collection and preparenote.

6. To understand handling of paper in the press room through discussion, field visit; preparefield visit report and note.

UNIT 2 INK1. To understand printing ink and its ingredients and colour mixing through discussion, sample

presentation, labwork and prepare note, record book.2. To understand properties of ink through discussion , sample presentation and prepare note. 3.To acquire knowledge about new generation of inks and their chemical properties through discussion, ink sample presentation and prepare note.4. To understand various ink drying methods through discussion, sample presentation of ink, printed products and prepare note.UNIT 3 PRESS DEVELOPMENTS

1. To understand the development of printing presses through discussion, chart , field visit, preparefield visit report and note.

2. To understand principles and classification of offset presses through discussion, chartpresentation, field visit; prepare field visit report and note.

3. To understand operation of feeder unit through discussion, lab demonstration, chart , labwork; prepare field visit report , note and record book.

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4. To understand and apply the function and importance of registration unit through discussiondemonstration, chart presentation, lab work ; prepare note and record book.

5. To understand printing unit and cylinder configuration through discussion lab demonstration,chart presentation field visit, lab work, prepare field visit report and note, record book.

6. To understand the inking unit through discussion, lab demonstration, chart, lab work, and ;prepare note and record book

7. To understand and apply the function of damping unit through discussion, lab demonstration,chart; lab work and; prepare note and record.

8. To understand delivery unit through discussion, lab demonstration, chart, lab work and preparenote and record book

UNIT 4 OFFSET PRESS OPERATION

1. To understand feeding of paper through discussion, demonstration, lab work and preparenote, and Record book.

2. To acquire knowledge about preparing the printing unit through discussion, demonstration,lab work and prepare note, record book

3. To apply starting up and proofing through discussion, demonstration lab work and preparenote and record book.

4. To understand the cleanup procedures through discussion, demonstration, lab work andprepare note, record book.

UNIT 5 ROLLER AND BLANKET -PROBLEMS AND ITS ADJUSTMENTS

1. To familiarise the function of roller and blanket problems through discussion, prepare note..2. To understand plate and blanket adjustments and packing through discussion, demonstration,

lab work and prepare note record book.3. To understand inking and damping roller unit adjustment through discussion, demonstration,

lab work and prepare note, record book.4. To acquire knowledge about common press concerns with damping solution and its pH value

through discussion, demonstration lab work, prepare note,record book.5. To understand ink and paper considerations for offset printing through seminar and prepare

report.

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UNIT 6 MULTICOLOUR SHEET – FED PRESSES

1. To understand multicolour sheet-fed presses through discussion, chart, demonstration, fieldvisit, slide presentation, Lab work; prepare field visit report and note, record book.

2. To make awareness about perfecting presses through discussion, chart, field visit, preparefield visit report and note.

3. To understand multicolour presses monitoring and control system through discussion, fieldvisit, demonstration, lab work; prepare field visit report and note and record book

4. To familiarise the press console through discussion, field visit, demonstration, lab work; preparefield visit report and note and record book.

UNIT –7 PRINTING PROCESS – COLOUR ON SHEET – FED OFFSET PRESSES

1. To apply press concerns and colour on sheet-fed through discussion demonstration charts,lab work and prepare note, record book.

2. To understand sequence of colours and registration control for multi-colour printing throughdiscussion, sample collection, progressive proof, field visit, demonstration , lab work; preparefield visit report and note and record book

3. To acquire knowledge about quality control devices through discussion sample collection,field visit, prepare demonstration, labwork, field visit report, note and record book.

UNIT - 8 WEB – OFFSET PRESSES1. To understand web-offset presses and different types through discussion, chart, field visit,

prepare field visit report and note.2. To acquire knowledge about components of web presses through discussion, chart, field visit,

prepare field visit report and note.3. To familiarise press console through discussion, chart, field visit, prepare field visit report and

note.UNIT - 9 TROUBLE SHOOTING

1. To understand defects in paper and its remedy through discussion, sample presentation, labwork; prepare note, b diary .

2. To understand defects in ink and its remedy through discussion, sample, presentation , labwork and prepare note and record book.

3. To understand defects and remedies of printing through discussion, sample presentation, labwork, and prepare note and record book.

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4. To understand and apply press maintenance and lubrication through discussion, demonstration,field visit, lab work, and prepare note and record book.

UNIT - 10 SCREEN PRINTING

1. To understand the basic concepts, classification type of stencils, fabric and frame preparationthrough discussion demonstration labwork and prepare note record book.

2. To acquire knowledge about photographic stencil through discussion, demonstration, labwork and prepare note and record book.

3. To get awareness about squeegee, substrates, ink consideration and basic registrationtechniques in screen printing through discussion, demonstration, lab work and prepare noteand record book.

4. To acquire knowledge about masking the stencil through discussion demonstration, lab workand prepare note and record book.

5. To understand idea about multicolour printing in screen printing through discussiondemonstration, lab work, and prepare note and record book

6. To understand half tone reproduction through discussion, demonstration, lab work and preparenote and record book

7. To familiarize high speed production presses through discussion and chart presentation andprepare note.

8. To acquire knowledge about machine configuration through discussion, field visit and chartpresentation and prepare note.

UNIT- 11 OTHER PRINTING PROCESS

1. To understand, flexography printing through discussion, chart, sample collection, field visit,prepare field visit report and note.

2. To understand and apply xerography printing through discussion, chart, sample presentation,field visit, lab work; prepare field visit report, note and record book.

UNIT -12 FINISHING OPERATIONS

1. To understand binding and its classification through discussion, sample, chart and preparenote

2. To acquire knowledge about warehouse and its functions through discussion, field visit andprepare field visit report and note

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3. To familiarise tools and equipments used in binding through discussion, presentations andprepare note.

4. To understand materials, its selection, care and use through discussion, presentation and preparenote.

5. To understand different types of sewing through discussion, sample, chart, demonstration andlab work prepare note and record book.

6. To understand and apply automation in binding through discussion, chart, demonstration, labwork, field visit, prepare field visit report, note and record book.

7. To acquire knowledge about account book binding through discussion, sample, lab workprepare note and record book.

8. To understand and apply publishers binding through discussion, sample, lab work and preparenote, record book.

9. To understand different styles of binding through discussion, sample, lab work and preparenote.

10. To understand and apply repairing works of book through discussion, demonstration, labwork ; prepare note and record book.

11. To acquire knowledge about estimating the materials required for particular work through anassignment and present in the form of a report

UNIT - 13 PRINTING AND PACKAGING

1. To understand the materials, properties application and advantageous of packaging throughsample collection, discussion, field visit, prepare field visit report and note.

2. To understand about flexible packaging and flexible laminates through sample collection, fieldvisit, discussion, prepare field visit report and note.

3. To understand ink and solvent used in packaging industry through sample collection discussion,and prepare note.

4. To acquire idea about special packages through sample collection discussion, and preparenote.

5. To understand various processes of paper and aboard package through a seminar.6. To acquire idea about forme making, cutting, creasing and make ready operations through

field visit, discussion, demonstration, practical work; prepare field visit report note and recordbook.

7. To understand corrugated, fibre, board and rigid boxes through sample collection, chart andprepare note.

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8. To understand selection of materials used for packing through sample collection, and discussionand prepare note.

UNIT 14 BASIC ENGINEERING1. To understand the characteristics of direct current and alternative through discussion, chart

and prepare note.2. To familiarise motors and transformers through discussion, chart and prepare note3. To understand basic electronic circuits through discussion, chart and prepare note.4. To get an idea about the characteristics of principles of mechanical components through

discussion chart and prepare note.5. To familiarise the characteristics of hydraulics and pneumatics through discussion, chart and

prepare note.6. To understand the electrical, electronics, mechanical and pneumatic parts of a printing machine

through an assignment.

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SYLLABUS - THEORY

UNIT 1 PAPER

Paper and board-different classification appearance-thickness-size-Ream Basis weight-Mweight-durability-types of papers-International and Indian paper sizes-cutting machine, papercalculation and wastage-quantity of paper-wastage of paper-paper making process-propertiesaffecting paper-printability-Runnability-Handling of paper

(9 hours)UNIT 2 INK

Ingredients of ink-its nature-pigment vehicle-Additives-Ink mixing-Properties of ink-Tack-viscosity-colour-hue-drying characteristics-methods of measuring-new generation of ink andchemical properties-New trends and developments-water based ink for flexography -Ink dryingmethods-

(9 hours)UNIT 3 PRESS DEVELOPMENTS

Development of Printing Presses, Platen press to Rotary Press-Lithography to offset-Basicand working principle of offset-classification-hydrophilic and oleophilic nature, Feeder unit-parts-loading system, Type of feeder-feeder control-sheet dictators-Registration unit-Feed boardequipments-lay adjustments- grippers printing unit- Impression cylinder adjustment-cylinderconfiguration-impression control-cylinder gears-inking unit-classification-configuration-Rollercleaning-Damping unit-conventional and non conventional-Damping roller covering-Damper rollercleaning Delivery unit-pile control-Types-Skeleton wheel-Ancillary operation

(10 hours)

UNIT 4 OFFSET PRESS OPERATION

Feeding of paper-fanning-wedges Adjusting pile height-Adjusting the air blats-Adjusting-registration system-delivery side guides-make ready procedures preparing the printing unit-Adjusting

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ink feed-Adjusting ink fountain-Adjusting water feed –Attaching the plate-starting up inking theplate-press proofing-lays and cylinder adjustment clean up procedure of plate, blanket, Damping,inking and impression cylinder

(10 hours)

UNIT 5 ROLLER AND BLANKET -PROBLEMS AND ITS ADJUSTMENTS

Roller and Blanket problems-Roller and Blanket caring-various blankets-hardness of Blanket-plate packing Blanket packing-under cut-Depression gap-cylinder bearers-Adjustment of plate cylinder to Blanket cylinder-inking rollers arrangements-its settings-Damping roller arrangement-its setting-setting of forme roller to the plate cylinder-fountain solution for damping-pH of dampingsolution-alcoholic Damping-Ink and paper consideration

(12 hours)UNIT 6 MULTICOLOUR SHEET – FED PRESSES

Two colour machine-Four colour machine working-blanket-to-blanket-press monitoring-controlsystem-Density values Dot gain- Ink trapping-print contrast console computer

(8 hours)UNIT –7 PRINTING PROCESS – COLOUR ON SHEET – FED OFFSET PRESSES

Process colour-Multi colour printing press concerns-process inks-Transparent and opaque ink-sequence of colour Registration and its importance-checking and controlling-Registration-qualitycontrol-devices-star target-control strip-Dot gain scale- slur gangue –Densitometer

(10 hours) UNIT 8 WEB – OFFSET PRESSES

Working principle-general features parts-paper feeding, infeed registration-printing unit-deliveryunits-Blanket-to-Blanket-CIC-Inline Reel stand-splicer-web tension-Drier-Chiller-Folder-cutter-Auxiliary equipments-press console

(10 hours)UNIT 9 TROUBLE SHOOTING

Paper defects-curl paper tail end hook-picking-linting-dusting show through-Geasing-strike

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through –static electricity-ink defects-poor drying mottle-grain ness-emulsification-set off printingdefects-image wear-image blinding-dot gain-catch up-scum-tinting slur-ghosting-doubling-hickies-maintenance preventive-periodical-lubrication-types characteristics and application-press roomchemicals (9 hours)

UNIT - 10 SCREEN PRINTING

Porous printing process-Basic concept classification-stencil-fabrics-frame preparation-framestitching technique, stencil preparation-direct and indirect-exposure-developer-drying-squeegee ink-substrate-basic registration techniques on and off contract printing-printing the stencil-masking-liquid block out mask steps and procedures for multi colour printing troubles and trouble shooting ofdogged screens –half tone reproduction-moiré pattern-high speed presses-semi automatic andautomatic presses-configuration

(10 hours)UNIT - 11 OTHER PRINTING PROCESS

Flexography-in feed-printing unit out feed unit-plates-rubber and photo polymer plates-stepsand procedure xerography-charring -exposure-development transfer-fixing cleaning

(6 hours)UNIT - 12 FINISHING OPERATIONS

Binding-stages-letter press binding stationary binding-ware house and its functions-tool andequipments-material and its selection care and use –type of sewing-automation in binding-guillotinefolding machine-perforator-creasers-slitter Binding machine-gathering machine-perfect bindingmachine ,case making machine, lamination machine, account book binding-publishers binding –styles of binding-book repairing-overcast sewing procedures-estimating the materials

(13 hours)UNIT - 13 PRINTING AND PACKAGING

Materials, properties, application-advantages of packaging – flexible packaging-flexible laminates-advantages-different materials-characteristics-ink and solvent used ink storage and handling-specialproperties of ink-special packages, paper and board packages-carton styles –design-form making-cutting-creasing-make ready-corrugated-fibre board-rigid box-selection of materials

(12 hours)

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UNIT - 14 BASIC ENGINEERING

Emf-current-potential difference-resistance-ohms law-electric power and energy electromagnetism and magnetic flux-Faradays laws of electro magnetism-fundamentals of alternate currentand its circuit-three phase induction motor-transformer-intrinsic and extrinsic semi conductors-semiconductor diode-bi-polar Junction transistor. Nuts bolts, screws, studs, keys, cotters lever shaft,gears, cam and follower, plane bush, ball and roller bearings, chain and sprockets, soldering, rivettedjoints cultches and brake, lubrication, maintenance, viscosity demulsibility and stability, mechanical, electrical, electronics and pneumatic parts of a printing machine.

(12 hours)

SYLLABUS - PRACTICALSUNIT-1 PAPER

Operation of cutting machine

-Parts of cutting machine

-Precaution to handle the machine

-Cutting procedures

(15 hours)UNIT-2 INK

Ink mixing-primary colour-secondary colour- tertiary colour- opaque ink transparent ink(15 hours)

UNIT-3 PRESS DEVELOPMENTSOperation of feeder unit-pile height governor, blowers, suckers, forwarding roller loading system-

sheet separation-sheet dictatorOperation of registration unit-conveyor tapes-conveyor assemblies-rotary brush wheels-trailing

brushes-ball control assemblies-front lay-side lay-gripper-operation of printing unit-plate cylinderblanket cylinder-impression cylinder -impression control-cylinder gears

Inking unit-ink duct-fountain roller set of screw- distribution roller-forme rollersDamping unit-fountain roller feed roller-forme roller-rider roller fountain solutionDelivery unit-delivery pile control, skeleton wheels-joggers-anti-set-off spray-perforation-setting-

numbering

(40 hours)

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UNIT-4 OFFSET PRESS OPERATION

Feeding the paper-blind feeding fanning-using wedges-adjust pile height, adjust air blast; adjustregistration grippers-adjust delivery side guides

Preparing the printing unit-adjusting ink feed-adjusting ink fountain-water feed-attaching plate

Starting up and proofing-inking, press proofing-paper ink balance-lays cylinder arrangements

Cleaning up procedures of plate, blanket impression, inking and damping-automatic wash upmechanical clean up

(45 hours)

UNIT-5 ROLLER AND BLANKET- PROBLEMS AND ITS ADJUSTMENTS

Roller and blanket caring-roller and blanket problems-plate packing-blanket packing-setting ofplate cylinder adjustment of plate cylinder to blanket cylinder-roller settings inking unit Roller settingin damping unit-preparing damping solution

(40 hours)UNIT-6 MULTI COLOUR SHEET FED PRESSES

Press monitoring-control system-register-dot gain-doubling-console computer

(45 hours)UNIT-7 PRINTING PROCESS-COLOUR ON SHEET FED PRESSES

Multi colour printing-press, concerns for a multi colour-sequence of colours-registration qualitycontrol

(45 hours)UNIT-8 WEB-OFFSET PRESSES

Adopt Industrial Training (20 hours)

UNIT-9 TROUBLE SHOOTINGPaper defects and remedies, ink defects and remedies, printing defects and remedies, press

maintenance and lubrication, press room chemicals.

(20 hours)

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UNIT-10 SCREEN PRINTINGFrame preparation-direct and indirect stenciling method-stencil exposure stencil developer-printing

stencil-registration techniques-masking-multi colour printing-half tone printing

(30 hours)UNIT-11 OTHER PRINTING PROCESS

Components of flexography-flexographic plate-steps and procedures-xerography steps andprocedures

(15 hours)UNIT-12 FINISHING OPERATIONS

Binding operation-wire stitching-thread sewing (flexible and double flexible)-tape sewing-sawnin sewing-folding machine-perforator creaser-slitter-gathering machine-perfect binding machine-lamination machine-bundling machine- account book binding publishers binding-styles-cut flesh turnedin-quarter cloth leather, half cloth , leather full cloth and leather overcast sewing procedures-calculationof paper, board, calico, fancy paper, leather, tape etc.

(70 hours)UNIT-13 PRINTING AND PACKAGING

Forme making-cutting-creasing-make ready-rigid box-corrugated-board

(20 hours)

45

PLANNING

To make Printing Technology Education activity based, we have to provide learningexperiences that would help to develop process skills and components of multiple intelligence.Whether the activities are conducted in the class or outside, they are to be completed in a timebound manner.

The facilitator has to plan the activities necessary to make learning effective time required,evaluation methods and all other aspects. Facilitator must prepare at least three planning documents.

• Year plan• Unit plan• Daily plan

1. Year planThe year plan will include the total number of units to be transacted through the academic year

i.e. the three terms, units to be covered during each month and the number of period required foreach unit.

A model of year plan is given below

46

Printing Technology

YE

AR

PL

AN

June

1Pa

per

915

24

2In

k9

1524

July

3Pr

ess

1040

50de

velo

pmen

ts

4O

ffse

t pre

ss10

4555

oper

atio

n

Aug

ust

5R

olle

r and

bla

nket

pro

blem

s12

4052

and

its a

djus

tmen

tSe

ptem

ber

6M

ulti

colo

ur s

heet

fed

pres

ses

845

53

Oct

ober

7Pr

intin

g pr

oces

s -

colo

ur o

nsh

eet f

ed o

ffse

t pre

sses

1045

558

Web

-off

set p

roce

ss10

2030

Nov

embe

r9

Trou

bles

hoot

ing

920

2910

Scre

en p

rintin

g10

3040

Dec

embe

r11

Oth

er p

rintin

g pr

oces

s6

1521

Janu

ary

12Fi

nish

ing

oper

atio

ns13

7083

13Pr

intin

g an

d pa

ckag

ing

1220

32Fe

brua

ry14

Bas

ic e

ngin

eerin

g12

12

Tot

al14

042

056

0

Ter

ms

Mon

thU

nit

Nam

e of

Peri

ods

Tot

alun

itT

heor

yP

ract

ical

II nd TERMIst TERM IIIrd TERM

47

2. UNIT PLAN

Facilitator may prepare unit plan before actual transaction of the unit in the classroom. This planmust make clear the curriculum objective, intended, periods required for transaction of theseobjectives, instructional strategies to be used and materials required. How the output is to be evaluatedmay also be spelt out. Unit analysis for each unit given in the source book may be utilized forpreparing unit plan.A model of unit plan is given below:-

48

Printing Technology

1.To

und

erst

and

pape

r,bo

ards

and

diff

eren

tcl

assif

icat

ion

Gro

up d

iscu

ssio

nba

sed

on s

ampl

esof

var

ious

pap

ers

colle

cted

Var

ious

type

s of

pap

ers

Lear

ners

par

ticip

atio

non

col

lect

ion

Subj

ect

diar

y

Cur

ricu

lum

Act

iviti

esL

earn

ing

Eva

luat

ion

Tim

eob

ject

ive

mat

eria

ls

2 hr

s

3.To

und

erst

and

pap

erca

lcul

atio

n an

d w

asta

geD

iscus

sion

Cal

cula

tion

Cha

rt pr

esen

tatio

n

Var

ious

size

s of p

aper

Cah

rt, R

efer

ence

book

s

Subj

ect d

iary

3 hr

s

4.To

Acq

uire

kno

wle

dge

abou

t pap

er m

akin

gpr

oces

s

Disc

ussio

nFi

eld

visit

Han

d m

ade

and

,ach

ine

mad

e pa

pers

, Ref

eren

cebo

oks,

Inte

rnet

Field

visi

t1

hr

2.To

acq

uire

know

ledg

eab

out I

ntrn

atio

nal a

ndIn

dian

sta

ndar

d pa

per

sizes

and

its

nom

encl

atur

e

Disc

ussio

nSa

mpl

e co

llect

ion

Cha

rt pr

esen

tatio

nLa

b w

orks

Diff

eren

t pap

er si

zes

Ref

eren

ce b

ooks

Skill

to c

ut p

aper

Sam

ple

colle

ctio

nSu

bjec

t dia

ryLa

b di

ary/

Rec

ord

book

s

1 hr

5.To

und

ersta

ndpr

oper

ties a

ffect

ing

pape

r

Disc

ussio

nSp

ecim

en p

aper

s,R

efer

ence

boo

ks

Subj

ect d

iary

1 hr

6.To

und

ersta

nd H

andl

ing

of p

aper

in p

ress

room

Disc

ussio

nFi

eld

visit

RH

met

erPH

met

erR

efer

ence

boo

ksIn

tern

et

Fiel

d vi

sit re

port,

Subj

ect d

iary

1 hr

UN

IT P

LA

N1-

PA

PER

49

3. DAILY PLAN

Signature of Principal Signature of Teacher

The daily plan help to transact the curriculum objectives during class period, learning activities,learning aids and feedback.

Daily plan for unit 1. Paper:

Date……… Class:.......• CO: to understand paper, board and different classifications• Learning Materials: Various types of papers, reference books

Activity Response

DiscussionSample collections

50

Printing Technology

EVALUATION

Evaluation is a systematic process of collecting, analyzing, synthesizing and interpreting evidencesof students’ progress and achievements both in cognitive and non-cognitive areas of learning. Evaluationhas to play significant role in making the learning process more effective. It provides diverse experiencesto the learners, keeping in view the skill to be attained continuously by them.

As the curriculum is based on a particular vocation in the selected stream is the most importantpart and it should be evaluated accordingly. Technical skills, interest and devotion in the field,communication skills, organizational and presentation skills are to be evaluated. Evaluation of thepersonal and social qualities also should be done. So the evaluation should be continuous andcomprehensive.

Terminal or Term End Evaluation (TE)

It is the written form of evaluation aimed at evaluating the facts, concepts and ideas gained by thelearner. The test should not be aimed to evaluate the memory alone. Questions are framed in such away that the learners are able to apply different mental process while answering. The TerminalEvaluation questions give more emphasis on application, analysis and synthesis level.

The maximum scores for TE is 80 and the minimum is 24 (30%). The questions should beformulated taking into consideration the time required to read, think, understands and write answers.These aspects should be considered while fixing the scores also. To avoid blind guessing, multiplechoice and application level questions may be mixed. The total number of questions may vary fromtime to time. All the questions should be based on the curricular objectives. Open ended questionsbut the choice questions also should be based on the same curricular objectives.

Continuous and comprehensive evaluation (CCE)

Our traditional evaluation method measures only the memory and recollection capacity of thelearner. To eliminate/ overcome the limitation the evaluation should be done on multi dimensionalways by measuring multiple intellectual capacities of the learner. So it is better to evaluate the learnerin a continuous and comprehensive manner. CCE helps the learner to understand and developadequate his own progress and to develop adequate strategies for further improvement.

51

Merits• Assess the all round development of the learner on a continuous basis through a variety of

activities.• Effective feed back is possible• Remedial diagnostic teaching is possible• Process as well as products are assessed.

A series of learning activities are grouped into five major thrust areas as follows

1) Investigative activities

Activities which create a spirit of enquiry, investigation and a mind for research in the learnerbelongs to this group for example.

• Study project• Case study• Field study

2) Interactive activities

Activities which improve the communication skill, activities of sharing ideas, etc.

For eg:-

• Seminar• Panel discussion’• Debate• Group discussion

3) Assigned taskActivities assigned to the learners to enrich/ strengthen the concept and ideas.

For eg:-• Assignment• Collections

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Printing Technology

4) Performance task (Tests)

Activities related to the achievements of the learner.For eg:-• Class test (oral/ written/ performance test)• Quiz• Open book examination• Interview• Group testing

5) Practical based activities

• Preparation of working model• Album• Improvisation

From the above five group of activities, the teacher has the freedom to choose any four areasfor evaluation purpose.

1. Investigative Activities

53

1. STUDY PROJECT

54

Printing Technology

Sl.No Criteria Score Total Scores

1 Identifying the problem 4/3/2/12 Approach to the problem 4/3/2/13 Time bound Action 4/3/2/1 204 Analysis of the problem 4/3/2/15 Problem solving / Reporting 4/3/2/1

3. Field study

1 Attitude and readiness towards the task 4/3/2/12 Capacity for Observation 4/3/2/13 Data collection 4/3/2/1 204 Application of ideas 4/3/2/15 Documentation / Recording 4/3/2/1

4. Assignment

1 Awareness of the content 4/3/2/12 Comprehensiveness of the content 4/3/2/13 Systematic and sequential arrangement 4/3/2/1 204 Observation/suggestion/views/judgment/evaluation 4/3/2/15 Timely Submission 4/3/2/1

5. Seminar

1 Planning and Organization 4/3/2/12 Collection and data / content 4/3/2/13 Observation / appraisal and clarity 4/3/2/1 204 Content knowledge 4/3/2/15 Presentation 4/3/2/1

6. Debate

1 Readiness to participate 4/3/2/12 Depth of subject knowledge 4/3/2/13 Communication skill 4/3/2/1 204 Ability to justify the stand 4/3/2/15 Presentation 4/3/2/1

2. CASE STUDY

55

7. Group discussion

1 Readiness to participate 4/3/2/12 Depth of subject knowledge 4/3/2/13 Communication skill 4/3/2/1 204 Ability to justify in a democratic way 4/3/2/15 Leadership quality 4/3/2/1

8. Interview

1 Planning 4/3/2/12 Preparation of Questions 4/3/2/13 Communication skill 4/3/2/1 204 Participation 4/3/2/15 Report preparation 4/3/2/1

9. Quiz

1 Preparation of Questions 4/3/2/12 Relavance of Questions 4/3/2/13 Presentation 4/3/2/1 204 Active participation 4/3/2/15 Time management 4/3/2/1

10. Collection

1 collecion of materials/ Documents 4/3/2/12 Relavance and comprehensive uses 4/3/2/13 Presentation 4/3/2/1 204 Awareness of the content 4/3/2/15 Time bound progress of work at each stage 4/3/2/1

56

Printing Technology

Practical Evaluation (PE)

The goal of vocational Education is to generate skills through continuous practices along withinvestigation and innovations. Continues and comprehensive practice transforms the unskilled learnerto a skilled one. This is the importance and significance of vocational practicals.

PE is done to evaluate the practical skills achieved by the learner in the concerned vocationalsubject Total Scores for PE is 150 and minimum is 60 score ie 40%. Practical Examination isconducted for a batch of 8 learners having 6 hours duration.

Practical evaluation should be done taking into account the whole practicals included in thecurriculum since Learning of practical skills is a continuous process through out the period of study.

The scholastic area includes those area in which the learner attains the knowledge and skill basedon curriculum.This leads to create more interest on areas of subject. Emphasis should be given toeach topic for learning activity and to develop skills.In practical examination, the external examinersshould be able to evaluate the skills that are attained by learning experiences.The practical examinationquestion paper also activity based.

In practical examination , the student capability on basic skills in printing technology to beexamined.Questions are to be framed in such a way that it should evaluate the practical skills andknowledge in Print production techniques.The teacher / examiner prepares a bunch of questionpapers covering the syllabus and each student should be given a question randomly to write thesteps/procedures for making models / experiments in the questions.The procedures and tools requiredare to be verified and students are allowed to do it in the laboratory. Once the student has completedthe work, the teacher checks for its correctness and clarity of output and scores are awarded.Aproper record of the work done in the laboratory should be maintained in the lab diary or labrecord.Separate Lab diary should be used for recording the first year and second year works.Valuationof the Lab diary will be done at the time of PE

57

Vocational Competency Evaluation (VCE)Vocational Competency Evaluation is to evaluates the vocational skill and aptitude developed

by the students during the learning process. This is a system to judiciously evaluate the requiredvalue addition and consequent capacity building in the concerned vocational curriculum. The vocationaleducation is aimed at developing interest, skills and devotion in specific vocational fields. As otherevaluation components like CE. PE and TE cannot assess the vocational competence and professionalskills, acquired by the students an internship evaluation (IE) components has been introduced tomeet this requirement.

Internship evaluation should be done based on the following components like regularity andpunctuality, value addition and capacity building.1. Regularity and punctuality

Regularity and punctuality has vital role in vocational education learning continuous process,the regular presence of the Learner is must for attaining maximum efficency.2. Value Addition

Value addition is the qualitative measure of the learner’s interest, devotion perseverance andefficiency. Value addition can be evaluated through conducting field visits/ vocational survey. Theexperiences gained through field visit / vocational survey increases the level of intrinsic motivationand positive attitude towards the vocational field and thereby increase his value as a semiprofessional.3. Capacity Building

It gives a quantitative measure of the student’s skill in graded area exposure. Capacitybuilding can be evaluated through conducting the following activities.

1. OJT / Simulated experiment

No Evaluation Indicators Percentage Score

1 Identifying Tools/ Materials, Instruments 10% 15

2 Preparation of layout and handling of tools and equipments 15% 22.5

3 Estimating Material, Study of parts Equipments and Procedure 15% 22.5

4 Accuracy / Working skills 20% 30

5 Calculation/ Result 15% 22.5

6 Viva-voce 15% 22.5

7 Record / Lab dairy 10% 15

Total 100% 150

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Printing Technology

1. Regularity and punctuality can be assessed by using attendance of the learner and time bound

completion of tasks. It is evaluated by using 5 point grading system. Rating Scale

2. Performance – camp/exhibition/clinic3. Performance – PCT/Service cum Training center.

These components help the learner to practice the acquired skills in the real situation andthereby increasing self-confidence and promoting self reliance.Vocational Competency Evaluation Indicators

No Items Scores1. Regularity and punctuality 102. Field visit / survey (anyone) vocational project 203. OJT/Simulated experiment performance –

Camp/exhibition/clinicPerformance – PSCTC(anyone)/Practical skills 20

TOTAL 50

Sl.No Items 1 2 3 4 51. Regularity Never After Equally Most Always

regular regular regular of the time regularregular

2. Puntuality Never Often Usually Most of the Alwayspunctual punctual punctual time punctual punctual

59

Iitem Evaluation indicators Scores Score

Regularity and punctuality 10

Value addition Field visit1.Attitude and readiness towards the task 4/3/2/12. Capacity for observation 4/3/2/13.Data collection 4/3/2/14.Application of ideas 4/3/2/15. Documentation/recording 4/3/2/1 Or 20Survey1.Planning 4/3/2/12.Data collection 4/3/2/13.Consolidation of data and analysis 4/3/2/14.Drawing inference 4/3/2/15.Reporting 4/3/2/1

Capacity Building OJT/Simulated experiment

1.Involvement/participation 4/3/2/12.Skills in doing work/ communication skills 4/3/2/13.Time bound action 4/3/2/14.Capacity for observation, analysis and innovation 4/3/2/15.Documentation, recording and display 4/3/2/1

OrPerformance in camp/exhibition/clinic1.Ability for planning and organizing 4/3/2/12.Mastery of subject 4/3/2/1 203.Ability for communication 4/3/2/14.Innovation 4/3/2/15.Involvement/social commitment 4/3/2/1

OrPerformance in production/servicecum training center (PSCTC)1.Mastery of vocational skills 4/3/2/12.Managerial capacity 4/3/2/13.Promoting self confidence 4/3/2/14.Innovation approach 4/3/2/1Promoting self reliance 4/3/2/1

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Printing Technology

CRITERIA FOR PROMOTION

• A minimum of 80% attendance is required to register for the public examination. Those who arehaving at least 65% can apply for condo nation from higher authorities. Those who have shortageof attendance below 65% should repeat the second year.

• The students should obtain minimum 30% score in all subjects separately in TE. In first year if thestudent failed to obtain 30% minimum score in any subject he will be promoted and will be givenchance for improvement.

• The students should obtain a minimum of 40% score in the vocational practical Evaluation (PE)that is 60 out 150 score. If a student fails to attain the minimum required score for TE and secureminimum score for pass in TE, he need not reappear for practical examination and vice versa.

• A minimum of 30% is required forVCE. The component other than regularity and punctuality canbe improved before the end of academic year for those who fail to attain this minimum.

• Chances will be given for improvement of the TE, PE,VCE for those who fail to attain theminimum even after formal completion of course.

• Course certificate will be issued to students who have successfully completed part-I andII . A learner is eligible for higher studies provided they secure minimum scores in allsubjects including part III

61

MONITORING AND SUPPORTING SYSTEM

Supporting SystemIn learner centered vocational education, a learning methodology has to be organized and a

proper learning atmosphere is to be provided. Many organizations can support the learning activity.They are:-1) School Resource Group (SRG)

Comprising all teachers (vocational and non vocational) instructors, and lab assistants withacademic head as the group leader.2) School support Group (SSG)

Comprising PTA president, members of local bodies, members of social clubs, subjectexperts etc who can contribute guidance /technology /infrastructure /financial assistance etc.3) Parent Teacher Association (PTA)

Can provide adequate funds for field trips, production cum training centers (PCTC),exhibition, On Job training (OJT) etc.4) Local bodies

Grama Panchayat, District Panchayat and Block Panchayat can provide infrastructure ie, classrooms, laboratory, library, seminar hall, audiovisual equipment etc.5) Subject club

All vocational teachers handling same vocational subjects should form a subject at regional levelor district level. This will helps to share the knowledge and practical facilities, production and marketingof materials, service etc.6) Based on the excellency, district wise nodal schools may be selected to provide facilities like

central library, museums, video conferencing etc.7) Institution Industry Interaction Project (III P)

This should be implemented in every institution to update knowledge. This also helps for OJT ,PSTC and field visit.Monitoring system

Education is a kind of journey from darkness to light satisfying the needs and the wants of theindividual and the society. The modernization of education through activity oriented system enhances

62

Printing Technology

free thinking and working in a fearless atmosphere. It is a qualitative process not a quantitative onethis necessitates a proper monitoring system. The system of monitoring should have the followingfeatures.1) It must be transparent2) It must enrich the ideas of the facilitator through innovative process3) It must be time bound and rational4) It must motive the facilitator to adopt new strategies5) It must be recordable and ensure effective feedback for the effective monitoring of the system,

three levels of the mechanism should be setup.1. School level monitoring group2. Regional level monitoring group3. State level monitoring groupMoreover a social auditing system is advisable to attain the objective effectively.Features of learning process in the new system of education

In the new system of education the learning process should be modified in such a way as toenable the learner to construct the knowledge of his own through observation, co-operation, problemsolving, social interaction etc. The learning process should consider the nature ability, social setup,inborn talents and subject selected by the learner. Therefore the learning process should be,• A continuous mental process• Simple learner must feel that he is able to undertake the task• Enable the learner to attain the curriculum objective• Interesting• Suitable to the age and attitude of the learner• Future possibilities• Enable group activity• Challenging• Time bound• Constructive and curiosity developing• Possibilities for evaluation• Capacity to generate independent thinking• Ability to enquire discover and establish cause effect relationship between phenomena.

63

Learning AidsTo make the teaching and learning process simple and effective , certain learning aids and necessary

use of such aids are transacting a complex idea makes the class room live and students get more andmore involved. The advances in science and technology may be effectively utilized for this purpose.Some of the learning aids listed below.• Multimedia• Over Head Projector• Computer• Internet• Liquid Crystal display Projector• TV, VCD, DVD and tape recorders• Working models• Charts• Slides• Video Conferencing facility• Library• Text book• Source bookSOCIETY

The new educational policy uplifts the social commitment of the learner. Therefore the societycan also give some valuable contributions in this changing situation. The new system also ensuresthat the learner can perform certain useful services for the betterment of society. The social obligationscan be illustrated as follows.• To enrich social values, aptitude and ability in learner• To develop entrepreneurial aptitude and ability which helps social welfare and self employment• New system of education adopts OJT, PSTC etc is a part of vocational curriculum which

helps to make close contact with the society.• The resources available from our society can be positively utilized to convene seminars, interview

etc.• Social organisations can help learners to make their education socially committed.• The social clubs like NSS, Tourism club, CDO club, energy club etc functioning in schools

can make direct link with the society.

64

Printing Technology

UNIT-1PAPER

Introduction

Paper is a substrate used to print, write, wrap etc. It is made from cellulose fibres of plants andis hygroscopic in nature i.e. affinity for water. Paper is a main raw material for printing, hence it hasvital role in the field.

Now-a-days different types of papers are available in colour and textures. Hand made andmachine made papers are in the market to satisfy the customers needs. The Printing and PaperIndustry accepted International paper sizes to standardize the measurements. This unit gives anawareness about paper and its properties like runnability and printability.

The facilitator adopts strategies like discussion, demonstration, sample collection, field visit,chart presentation and lab work.Curriculum Objectives• To understand the items paper board etc and their classification through discussion, sample

collection and prepare note (Subject diary )

• To acquire knowledge about International and Indian standard paper sizes and its nomenclaturethrough discussion chart, demonstration and collection of data lab work and prepare noteand record.

• To understand paper calculation and wastage through discussion, calculation, chartpresentation and prepare note.

• To acquire knowledge about paper making process through discussion and field visit preparefield visit report and note.

• To understand properties affecting paper through discussion and prepare note

• To understand handling of paper in the press room through discussion field visit; preparefield visit report and note

65

1.1 Paper, board and classificationActivities :

Sample collection of different papers, boards, group discussionLearning materials

Various types of papers, boards, reference books• Divide the learners into small groups and introduce the collected sample• Let them observe and identify• Invite the learners awareness about the collected samples.• Group discussion

Discussion points- Appearance - colour and beauty- Thickness- Size- Ream- Basis- weight- M-weight- Life (durability)- Boards- Types of papers (news print, map litho, art paper etc.)

Hand Out Basis Weight :Weight in pounds of one ream (500 Sheets) of the basic sheet size of aparticular paper type.M weight:Weight of 1000 sheets of the basic sheet size of a particular paper

type. A paper's M weight is twice its basis weight.Consolidation

Paper, boards and its classification, weight etc.Product:

Subject diary (class note)1.2.Paper sizesActivities :

Discussion, demonstration, sample collection, paper cuttingLearning materials

Different paper sizes, Reference books,

66

Printing Technology

• Divide the learners into groups and discussion based on the collected samples• Let them analyse dimensions of paper and identify

• Introduce paper cutting

• Observe and demonstrate

Discussion Points- International and Indian paper sizes

- Use cutting machine to sub divide the paper sizes

Consolidation pointsNational and international classification of papers

Product:Subject diaryLab diary /

Record book1.3 Paper calculation and wastage

Activities :Discussion, calculation

Learning materialsVarious sizes of papers, chart, Reference books

Discuss paper sizes in the learners groups

• Introduce quantity of papers for a particular job

• Wastage of paper for colour and black and white job

• Give example to calculate quantity of paper for a job

Discussion Points - Quantity of paper

- Wastage of paper

67

Paper CalculationThe quantity of paper required for any job can be calculated by using the following formula:

Quantity of paper requiredIn order to calculate the quantity of paper required for the production of a complete job in a

particular size. , the following formula may be used.

Where section = No.of pages obtained from one sheet of the required size of paper.For example : To find out the total quantity of paper required in 61 cm x 88cm size for the

printing of 20,000 booklets in 210 mm x 297 mm size assuming that each booklet contains 24pages?

Since 16 pages of size 210 x 297 mm are obtained from one sheet of 61 x 88 cm size, the valueof a section shall be 16.

.6016

000,2024wastagewithoutReams

xrequiredPaperThereforre ==

Paper required in reams =No of pages in a copy X No of copies to be printed

Section X 500

HandOut Paper Spoilage Allowances (Percentage Represents Press Size Sheets, Not Impressions)

Lithographic 1000 2500 5000 10,000

Single colour equipmentOne Colour one side 8% 6% 5% 4% 3%One Colour, work-and- turn or work-and - tumble 13% 10% 8% 6% 5%Each additional colour (per side) 5% 4% 3% 2% 2%

Two colour equipmentTwo colours, one side -- 5% 4% 3%Two colours, two sides or work- and -turn -- -- 8% 6% 5%Each additional Two colours ( Perside) -- -- 3% 2% 2%

Four colours equipmentFour- Colours, One side only -- -- -- 6% 5%Four colours , two sides or work- and - turn -- -- -- 8% 7%

Bindery SpoilageFolding,Stitching,Trimming 4% 3% 3% 2% 2%Cutting, punching, or drilling 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%Varnishing and gumming 7% 5% 4% 3% 3%

Use the next higher percentage for the following papers.1. Coated papers when plant does not usually run coates2. Papers that caliper: 0025 and less3. difficult papers such as foil, cloth,plastic etc..

25,000and over

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Printing Technology

97.5

-99.

5% W

AT

ER

83

%W

AT

ER

67

%W

AT

ER

67

%W

AT

ER

20

%W

AT

ER

5-5

.5%

WA

TE

R

WA

TE

R L

INE

Hea

d

SC

RE

EN

S

FIG

: PA

PER

MA

NU

FAC

TU

RIN

G P

LA

NT

69

FIG: STEPS OF PAPER MAKING

ConsolidationPaper calculation for a particular job

Product:Subject diary

1.4 Paper making processActivities :

Discussion, field visitLearning materials

Hand made and machine made papers, reference books, Internet• Discuss paper making process and its procedures• Presentation of charts

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Printing Technology

• Field visitDiscussion Points

- Raw materials- Pulping- Stock preparation- Paper making operations- After treatments

ConsolidationPaper making process

Products:Subject diary , field visit report

1.5.Properties affecting paperActivity

DiscussionLearningMaterials

Specimen of papers, Reference books

• Divide the learner into groups and discuss the runnability and printability of paperDiscussion points

- Runnability- Grain direction- Two sideness- Density- Moisture content- Flatness- Dimensional stability- Curling- Piling tendency- Paper dust- Smoothness- Brightness- Opacity- Gloss- Tensile strength- Bursting strength- Folding endurance

71

- Tearing resistance- Pick resistance- Stiffness- Internal bond strength- Ink absorbency

ConsolidationProperties affecting runnability and printability

ProductSubject diary

1.6. Handling of paperActivities

Discussion, field visitLearning materials

RH Meter , pH meter, reference books, Internet• Divide the learners into groups and discuss handling of paper in the pressroom• Conduct field visit and observe the warehouse roomDiscussion points

- Temperature- Moisture conditioning of pressroom- Static electricity- RH of Pressroom- pH of paper- Handling of paper in the pressroom

ConsolidationHandling of paper

Product Subject diaryCE ITEMS

Collection: collection of papers and boards.

Field visit:

1 Field visit toapaper manufacturing unit

2 Conduct field visit to see warehouse and its arrangements

72

Printing Technology

TE ITEMSSample questions1 Identify the basic material of paper from the following

a) Plastic

b) Cellulose fibre

c) Fibre glass (1 score)

2 You visited Hindustan News Print factory Velloore, Kottayam to observe the papermanufacturing process. Introduce your ideas about the visit

(6 scores)

3. Your school anniversary is to be conducted in the next month. For this purpose an invitationnotice of A4 size is needed with single colour printing of 1000 copies. Size of machine isdummy. Calculate the quantity of paper required in reams with wastage

(6 scores)

4. Paper is hygroscopic material in nature. Express your views about this opinion

(3 scores)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS FOR PRACTICAL EVALUATION

1. Operation of cutting machine

73

To u

nder

stand

pape

r and

thei

rcl

assif

icat

ions

Lear

n pa

per

and

itscl

assif

icat

ions

weig

ht

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ervi

ngcl

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ying

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parin

gan

alyz

ing

mea

surin

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ising

que

stion

s

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ussio

n,sa

mpl

eco

llect

ion

Var

ious

type

sof

pap

ers,

boar

ds,

refe

renc

ebo

oks

Col

lect

ion,

Subj

ect d

iary

Parti

cipa

tion

in c

olle

ctio

n,Su

bjec

t dia

ry(c

lass

not

e)

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acqu

irekn

owle

dge

abou

t Int

erna

-tio

nal a

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sta

ndar

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per s

izes

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omen

cla-

ture

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rnat

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per s

izes

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ary

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book

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ry

UN

IT

AN

AL

YSI

S1

- PA

PER

Sl No 1 2 3

Theory 2 hrs 1 hr

15 hrs

3 hrs

Practical

74

Printing Technology

Theory

To a

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abou

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erm

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1 hr

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1 hr

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iary

1 hr

Practical

UN

IT A

NA

LY

SIS

1- P

APE

RSl N

o 4 5 6

75

UNIT-2INK

Introduction

Ink forms images on the substrate while printing. Whatever may be the printing process, ink istransferred to the substrate from image carrier.

All printing inks are made from three basic ingredients: pigment, vehicle and additives (driers)etc. This unit gives an over all idea on printing ink and it properties.

The facilitator upholds various strategies like discussion, sample presentation, collection and labwork to the learners.Curriculum objectives

• To understand printing ink ingredients and colour mixing through discussion, samplepresentation demonstration , lab work and prepare note and record.

• To understand properties of ink through discussion, sample presentation and prepare note.• To acquire knowledge about new generation of inks and their chemical properties through

discussion, ink sample presentation, and prepare note.• To understand various ink drying methods through discussion, sample presentation, printed

products and prepare note.2.1 Printing ink and ingredients

Activities: Discussion, sample presentation, demonstration lab worksLearning materials Ink Samples, Reference books, Internet• Divide the learns into groups and present ink samples.• Observe the sample and let them discuss the ingredients .• Introduce ink mixing procedure.• Observe and do in the lab.Discussion points

- Ink and its nature- Ingredients- Pigments

76

Printing Technology

- Vehicle- Additives- Characteristics- Ink mixing procedures.

Hand OutThe Pantone Matching System (PMS)

Pantone Matching System (PMS) is a method universally accepted for specifyingand mixingcolours. Using this technique, artists and customers can select any of the more than 500 huesfrom a “swatch book.” The printer can then mix the desired colour by us ing the swatchnumber and referring to to a formula guide.” The guide gives the formula for making thecolour. It identifies the basic colours involved and indicates how much of each to mix together.The ten basic colours in the PAN-TONE MATCHING SYSTEM are rhodamine red, purple,reflex blue, yellow, warm red rubine red, process blue, green, black, and transparent white.

Consolidation pointsPrinting ink, ingredients, ink mixing procedures.

ProductSubject diary, Lab diary / Record book.

2.2 Properties of inkActivities

Sample presentation, discussionLearning materials

Ink sample, measuring instruments, reference books, internet.

• Present ink sample in the learners group• Ask to observe and discuss the properties of printing ink

Discussion points- Properties of ink- Viscosity- Tack- Drying quality- Colour brilliance- Hue of pigments- Rub resistance- Drying characteristics

77

- Methods of measuringConsolidation

Properties of inkProduct

Subject diary2.3 New generation of ink and chemical propertiesActivities

Ink sample presentation, DiscussionLearning materials

Ink sample, reference books,internet

• Divide learners into groups and present the ink sample• Observe and discuss the features of new generation of ink and its

chemical propertiesDiscussion points

- Gloss inks- Quick set- Heat set- Moisture set(cold set)- Magnetic- Fugitive- Ultra violet- Infra red- Electron beam drying.- Chemically reactive ink- Water based ink for flexography- New trends and developments

ConsolidationNew generation ink, chemical properties

Product:

Subject diary2.4 Ink drying methodsActivitis :

Discussion, sample presentation of ink and printed productsLearning matrials

Ink Sample, Printed products, reference books, Internet

78

Printing Technology

• Divide the learners into groups and present ink sample and printed products• Discuss the ink drying methods• Let them identify the different ink drying methods

Discussion points - Absorption- Penetration- Evaporation - Polymerisation- Precipitation etc.

ConsolidationInk drying methods

Product:Subject diary

CE ITEMS

Sample collectionTE ITEMSSample questions1. Ink has colour in nature. This colour is obtained by adding ingredients. Select the ingredient

that gives colour from the followinga) Vehicleb) Drierc) Pigment (1score)2. As a printer you are familiar with printing ink. Assess the properties of printing ink in experience.

(6scores)3. You have conducted a field visit to a printing press, where printing works are being done on

substrates like paper, metal foil, plastic and boards. Discuss the ink drying methods in thepress.

(6scores)LIST OF EXPERIMENTS FOR PRACTICAL EVALUATION

1 Primary colour2 Secondary colour3 Tertiary colour4 Opaque ink5 Transparent ink

79

To

unde

rsta

ndpr

intin

g in

k, a

ndits

in

gred

ient

s,co

lour

mix

ing

Pigm

ents

vehi

cles

addi

tives

,co

lour

mix

ing

Obs

ervi

ngId

entif

ying

Cla

ssify

ing

Com

parin

gA

naly

sing

Rra

ising

Que

stion

s

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ussio

nsa

mpl

epr

esen

tatio

nD

emon

str-

atio

nLa

b w

orks

Prin

ting

ink

sam

ples

,R

efer

ence

book

sIn

tern

et

Subj

ect d

iary

,La

b di

ary

/R

ecor

d bo

ok.

To u

nder

stand

prop

ertie

s of

ink

Visc

osity

Tack

Dry

ing

Qua

lity

Col

our

Bril

lianc

eHue

of pigm

ents,

Rub

Res

ista

nce,

Dry

ing

Char

acter

istics

,M

etho

d of

mea

surin

g

Obs

ervi

ngcl

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parin

gan

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raisi

ngqu

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on-

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ion,

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t, pa

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ne

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per s

izes

,re

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nce

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s

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iary

Lab

diar

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ecor

dbo

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irekn

owle

dge

abou

t new

gene

ratio

n of

Inks

and

chem

ical

prop

ertie

s

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tifyi

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bser

ving

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ples

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ooks

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tern

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iary

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ss In

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uick

est

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t Set

,M

oist

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Mag

netic

Fugi

tive

Etc

..

Sl No 1 2 3

Practical

Theory

Subj

ect d

iary

Lab

diar

y /

Rec

ord

book

2 hrs

Sam

ple

colle

ctio

n,Sk

ill to

cut

pape

rSu

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t dia

ryLa

b di

ary

Rec

ord-

book

.

1 hr15 h

rs

Subj

ect D

iary

2 hrs

15 hrs

UN

IT A

NA

LY

SIS

2- I

NK

80

Printing Technology

Practical

Theory

To u

nder

stand

vario

us in

kdr

ying

met

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ucts

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tern

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Sl No 4

UN

IT A

NA

LY

SIS

2- I

NK

81

UNIT-3PRESS DEVELOPMENTS

Introduction

The development of press in the later half of this century has been the result of extensive researchin this field.

This unit mainly deals with the press developments and comes to a detailed study of the sheet-fed offset printing machine such as feeding unit, registration unit, printing unit, inking unit, dampingunit and the delivery unit.

The facilitator can adopt various strategies like discussion, field visit demonstration, chartpresentation and lab work.Curriculum objectives

• To understand the development of printing presses through discussion chart, field visit , preparefield visit report and note.

• To understand principles and classification of offset presses through discussion chartdemonstration, field visit, prepare field visit, report and note.

• To understand operation of feeder unit through lab discussion, demonstration, chart, labwork, prepare field visit report and note and record book..

• To understand and apply the function and importance of registration unit through discussion,demonstration, chart presentation, lab work and prepare note, record book.

• To understand printing unit and cylinder configuration through discussion lab demonstration,chart presentation, field visit, lab work; prepare field visit report and note, recordbook.

• To understand the inking unit through discussion, lab demonstration, chart, lab work andprepare note and record.

82

Printing Technology

• To understand and apply damping unit through discussion, lab demonstration, chart presentation,lab work and prepare note and record.

• To understand delivery unit through discussion, lab demonstration, chart, lab work and preparenote and record book.

3.1. Develepoments of printing pressesActivities

Discussion, field visit to different presses, chart presentationLearningmaterials

Chart, Plates machine, Cylinder machine, Rotary machine, Offset machine, Reference books,Internet

• Divide the learners in to groups and discuss the topic• Present chart• Conduct field visit to learn the latest developments of printing presses

Discussion points- Press developments from its initial stage- Platen press to rotary press

- Litho press to offset pressConsolidation

Press developmentsProduct

- Subject diary- Field visit report

3.2 Principles and classification of offset pressess

ActivitiesDiscussion, chart, field visit

Learning materialsChart, sheet fed, Offset machine, web offset machine reference books, Internet.

• Divide the learners into groups and discuss about the field visit• Present chart• Observe and identify the classification of presses

Discussion points- Basic principle- Hydrophilic and oleophilic nature- Working principle

83

- Classification of offset pressesConsolidation

Principle and classification of offset pressProduct

- Subject diary- Field visit report

3.3.Feeder unitActivities

Discussion, lab demonstration chart, lab work.Learning materials

Sheet fed machine, reference books, Internet• Divide the learners into groups• Discuss feeder unit• Lab demonstration• Chart presentation• Give lab work to learn the feeder unit and its working• Observe and do in the lab

Discussion points- Parts of feeder unit (pile height governor, blower, sucker, forwarding

roller etc.)- Loading system- Types of feeder- single sheet and stream feeder.- Automatic feeder control- Sheet separation- Sheet dictators

ConsolidationParts, types and setting of feeder unit

Product- Subject diary- Lab diary /- Record book

84

Printing Technology

3.4. Registration UnitActivities

Discussion, lab demonstration, chart, lab work.Learning materials

Chart, Sheet fed offset machine, Reference books, Internet

• Divide the learners into groups• Discuss about registration unit• Chart presentation• Lab demonstration to learn the parts of registration unit• Give labwork to operate the registration unit

Discussion points- Importance of registration- Feed board equipments

Conveyor tapesConveyor assembliesRotary brush wheelsTraining brushesBall control assembliesFront laySide lay

- lay adjustments- Grippers

ConsolidationThe function and importance of registration unit

Product- Subject diary- Lab diary /

Record book

3.5. Printing Unit and Cylinder configurationActivities

Discussion, chart presentation, Lab demonstration, , field visit, lab work.Learning materials

Chart , sheet fed offset machine, reference books, Internet

85

• Discuss printing unit

• Chart presentation• Lab demonstration• Lab work to learn the printing unit, Cylinder configuration and gears.• Field visit

Discussion point- Plate cylinder and its adjustments- Blanket cylinder and its adjustments- Impression cylinder and its adjustments- Cylinder configuration- Impression control- Cylinder gears- Cylinder bearers

ConsolidationPrinting unit and cylinder configuration

Product- Subject diary- Lab diary /

Record book3.6. Inking UnitActivities

Discussion, lab demonstration, chart presentation, lab workLearning materials

Chart, sheet fed offset machine, reference books, Internet

• Divide the learners into groups and discuss the topic.• Present chart• Lab demonstration• Lab work to operate inking unit

Discussion points- Inking unit configuration- Classification of inking system- Ink duct

86

Printing Technology

- Fountain roller- Set of screws- Dwell time- Ink distribution rollers- Ink forme roller- Inking unit operation- Roller coverings- Roller cleaning

ConsolidationInking Unit

Products- Subject diary- Lab diaryRecord book

3.7. Damping UnitActivities

Discussion, lab demonstration, chart presentation, lab workLearning materials

Chart, Sheet fed offset machine , reference books, Internet• Divide the learners and discuss delivery unit• Present chart• Demonstration• Lab work to learn damping unit working, observe and do

Discussion points- Damping unit configuration- Fountain solution- Conventional and non conventional damping unit- Fountain roller- Feed roller (vibrator)- Rider roller- Forme roller- Damping roller coverings

87

- Damper roller cleaningConsolidation points

Damping UnitProducts

- Subject diary- Lab diary /Record book

3.8.The Delivery Unit

ActivitiesDiscussion, lab demonstration chart presentation, lab work

Learning materialsChart, sheet fed offset machine, Reference books, Internet

• Divide the learners into groups and discuss delivery unit• Lab demonstration• Lab work to learn delivery unit setting

Discussion points- Delivery unit- Delivery pile control- Types of delivery system- Skeleton wheels- Joggers- Ancillary operation (anti-set-off spray, perforation, slitting, numbering)

Consolidation pointsDelivery unit

ProductsSubject diaryLab diary /

Record bookCE ITEMS

Field Visit : Conduct field visit to printing press to understand different offset machines and it developments

88

Printing Technology

TE ITEMSSample questions

1. “Ink and water do not mix together” Express your opinion related to offset printing processabout this statement.

(3 scores)2. Name the roller which touches the plate cylinder for applying ink during printing

(1 score)

3. Comment about the feeding system of an offset machine which you have seen during field visitto a press. (4 scores)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS FOR PRACTICAL EVALUATION

1 Feeder unit2 Registration unit3 Printing unit4 Inking unit5 Damping unit6 Delivery unit

89

UN

IT A

NA

LY

SIS

3- P

RE

SS D

EV

EL

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EN

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90

Printing TechnologyU

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Practical 7 hrs9 hrs 4 hrs

91

UN

IT A

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Sl No 7 8

92

Printing Technology

UNIT-4OFFSET PRESS OPERATION

Introduction

At present there are different kinds of offset presses on the market with so many minute operationaldifferences. It is easy to learn the press operation by the switch-does-what method. The problemswith this approach is that the operator is lost if moved to another type of machine

This unit reveals the information necessary to run any sheet fed offset press and its generaloperational steps.

The facilitator introduces different tactics like discussion, demonstration and lab work

Curriculum objectives

• To understand feeding of paper through discussion, demonstration, lab work and preparenote and record.

• To acquire knowledge about preparing the printing unit through discussion, demonstration,lab work and prepare note and record.

• To apply starting up and proofing through discussion, demonstration, lab work and preparenote and record.

• To understand the clean up procedures through discussion, demonstration, lab work andprepare note and record.

4.1 Feeding of paperActivities

Discussion, demonstration, lab workLearning materials

Machine, Paper, wedges , reference books, Internet

• Group the learners and discuss about paper feeding• Introduce paper feeding in lab

93

• Let them observe and do the working procedures in the lab• Blind feeding

Discussion points- Fanning the press sheet- Adding paper to the feeder- Using wedges to level the paper- Adjusting the pile height- Adjusting the air blast- Adjusting the registration system- Adjusting the delivery side guides- Make ready procedures

ConsolidationFeeding of paper

Product- Subject diary,- Lab diary /

Record book

4.2.Preparing the printing unitActivities

Discussion, demonstration, lab workLearning materials

Machine, Tools, Ink, Reference books, Internet• Divide the learners into small groups and discuss the topic• Introduce printing unit preparation in lab• Observe and demonstrate.

Discussion points- Adjusting the ink feed- Adjusting the ink fountain- Adjusting the water feed

- Attaching the plate

ConsolidationPreparing the printing unit

94

Printing Technology

Product- Subject diary- Lab diary

Record book

4.3.Starting up and proofing

ActivitiesDiscussion, demonstration, lab work

Learning materialsMachine, paper, Progressive proof book, reference books, Internet

• Group the learners and discuss about ‘starting up’ and ‘proofing’• Demonstrate starting up and proofing in the lab• Observe and do

Discussion points- Inking the plate- Press proofing- Achieving proper ink water balance- Lays and cylinder adjustments

ConsolidationStarting up and proofing

Product- Subject diary- Lab diary /

Record book4.4.Clean up proceduresActivities

Discussion, demonstration, lab workLearning materials

Machine, automatic wash up device, mechanical clean up system, Ink cleaning solution,reference books.

• Divide the learners into groups and discuss about clean up procedures• Introduce clean up procedures in the lab• Observe and do

95

Discussion points- Clean up procedures of plate, blanket, damping, inking and impression cylinder.- Automatic wash up devices- Mechanical clean up system

ConsolidationClean up procedures

Product- Subject diary- Lab diary /

Record bookCE ITEMS

Nil

TE ITEMS

Sample Questions

1. Introduce the steps to feed paper in a printing lab in your words(6 scores)

2. In a printing press the cleaning of machine is very important. Write your ideas about cleaningup procedures

(6 scores)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS FOR PRACTICAL EVALUATION

1 Feeding of paper2 Preparing the printing unit3 Starting up and proofing4 Cleaning up procedures

96

Printing Technology

UN

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97

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Sl No 4

98

Printing Technology

UNIT-5ROLLER AND BLANKET- PROBLEMS AND ITS

ADJUSTMENTS

Introduction

An offset press, consists of plate cylinder, blanket cylinder, impression cylinder inking unit anddamping unit. When the three cylinders are in contact sufficient pressure must be produced to effectgood transfer of the inked image from the plate cylinder to the blanket and from there to the stockwhich is carried on the surface of the impression cylinder

In this chapter we deal with the roller and blanket problems, plate-to-blanket packing and itsadjustments,.ink unit rollers and its setting, damping unit rollers and its setting, damping solution, inkand paper consideration for an offset printing and its trouble shooting;

The facilitator can adopt various learning strategies like field visit, sample collection, groupdiscussion, demonstration, chart preparation and lab work.

Curriculum objectives

• To familiarise of roller and blanket problems through discussion and prepare note.• To understand plate and blanket adjustment and packing through discussion, demonstration,

lab work; prepare note and record book.• To understand inking and damping roller unit adjustment through discussion, demonstration

lab work and prepare note, record book• To acquire knowledge about common paper concerns with damping solution and its pH

values through discussion, demonstration, lab work; prepare note and record book.• To understand ink and paper consideration for offset printing through seminar and prepare

report

5.1.Roller and Blanket ProblemsActivity

Discussion

99

Lerning materialsSingle colour offset machine, reference books, Internet

• Group the learners and discuss about roller and blanket problems.• Let them identify the problems.

Discussion points- Blanket and roller caring- Various blankets- Hardness of blanket- Problems affecting rollers- Problems affecting blankets

Consolidation pointsRoller and blanket problems

Product- Subject diary

5.2. Plate Blanket, impression cylinder adjustment and packingActivities

Demonstration, Discussion, Lab work.Learning materials

Single colour offset machine, reference books, Internet• Divide the learners into groups and discuss.• Introduce plate, blanket, impression cylinder adjustment and packing.• Ask them to observe and demonstrate.• Lab works

Discussion points- Plate packing- Blanket packing- Impression packing- Under cut- Depression gap- Cylinder bearers- Setting of plate cylinder- Setting of blanket cylinder- Setting of impression cylinder

100

Printing Technology

Consolidation pointsPlate, blanket, impression cylinders adjustments and packing

Product- Subject diary- Lab diary /

Record book5.3. Inking and damping roller adjustmentsActivities

Discussion, Demonstration, Lab workLearning materials

Single colour offset machine, Reference books, Internet• Divide the learners into groups and discuss the topic.• Introduce the inking and damping rollers adjustments• Demonstration• Ask them to observe and do.

Discussion points- Inking unit rollers structure and adjustments- Damping unit rollers structure ans adjustments

Consolidation pointsInking and Damping rollers adjustments

Product- Subject diary- Lab diary /

Record book5.4. Damping solution and pHActivities

Discussion, Lab work, demonstration.Learning materials

Single colour offset machine, pH meter, reference books, Internet

• Divide the learners into groups and discuss about damping solution and pH

• Measure pH value of damping solution in the lab

• Ask the learners to observe and demonstrate.

101

Discussion points- Fountain solution for damping- pH of damping solution- Alcoholic Damping

Hand out

Damping solution and pHThe moisture applied to the surface of a lithographic plate actually serves two functions.

First , the presence of water in the nonimage areas reples ink. The second purpose of themoisture, is to ensure that the nonimage areas of the plate remain water- receptive.AloisSenefelder recoganised the dual role of the moisture layer on the stone and used asolution made from a combination of water, acid and gum arabic. Damping solutions areavialable ready-mixed from a commerical supplier or can be purchased as separatecomponents and mixed by the printer . Most solutions are now made from an acid concentrate,gum , arabic, and a gum preservative.

The pH value for various substances

102

Printing Technology

For the lithographers, the most meaningful measure of damping solution usabilityis the levelof acidity of the liquid. The numeric scale that measures acidity in a range from 0 (veryacid)to 14 ( very alkaline, or a base)is called a pH scale. The midpoint 7 is consideredneutral. Platemanufactuers specify a recommanded pH level to be used with their plates.A readingbetween5.5 and 4.5 is acceptable for most plates.

The printer can measure pH in several ways .Litmus paper pH indicators are avialablefrom printing suppliers and givean acceptable reading of the level of acidity for mostproductionsituations. To make a test, remove a small piece of litmus paper from the roll anddip it into the fountain solution. The wet paperwill change colour and can be matched tocolour patches supplied with the roll. A pH number will be identified next to each colourpatch. If the pH is not in the recommended range, remix the fountain solution.

Some presses have built-in sensors that continually monitor the pH level of the dampeningsolution. With such sensors the required pH is dialed into the unit and the device automaticallycompensates for any variation by adding water or acid concentrate. A veriety of problems canoccur as a result of too acid a fountain solution (pH reading from 1 to 3) A strongly acidicsolution can greatly shorten plate life. The acid tends to deteriorate the image area of allsurface plates and can eventually make the image “ walk off the plate”. When the press roomhumidity is high the action of acid with ink will cause drying problems on the press sheets( especially when runninghigh acid content papers).A high acid bath will also break down theink. The ink is attacked by the high acid content of the fountain solution, and ink becomespaste – like or emulsified. The rollers will appear glazed , and no quantity of ink that is addedto the system will correct the problem. The rollers must be cleaned and the unit rinked.

If the acid level of the dampening solution is too low(pH readings from 7 to 14), theactionof the moisture layer on the nonimage areas will decrease water receptivity and the plate willscum with ink.

Consolidation pointsDamping solution and pH

Product- Subject diary- Lab diary /

Record book5.5. Ink and paper consideration for offset printingActivities:

- Seminar

103

Learning materialsReference books

• Conduct a seminar and present reportDiscussion points

- Give pointsConsolidation points

Ink and paper considerationProduct

- Seminar report

CE ITEMSSeminar: Conduct seminar on Ink paper consideration for offset printing

TE ITEMS1. write the factors you are considering while selecting paper, ink and damping solution.

(3Scroes)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS FOR PRACTICAL EVALUATION1. Plate, blanket, impression cylinder adjustments and packing2. Inking and damping roller adjustment3. Damping solution and pH.

104

Printing Technology

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Sl No 54

106

Printing Technology

UNIT –6MULTI COLOUR SHEET FED PRESS

Introduction

The demand for multi colour printing is constantly increasing. To meet this demand, manufacturershave developed many types of multi colour printing machines. Multi colour sheet fed pressesoperate in the same manner as single colour sheet fed presses, but they are equipped with two ormore printing units.

This unit explains multi colour sheet fed presses, perfecting transfer, multi colour press monitoringcontrol system and the press console.

The facilitator adopts various learning strategies like discussion, chart presentation, field visit,demonstration and lab work in the classCurriculum objectives

• To understand multi colour sheet fed presses through discussion, chart, demonstration, fieldvisit, slide presentation, lab work; prepare field visit report and note, lab diary / record book.

• To make an awareness about perfecting presses through discussion chart, field visit, slidepresentation; prepare field visit report and note

• To understand multi colour presses monitoring and control system through discussion, fieldvisit, demonstration, lab work; prepare field visit report and note

• To familiarise the press console through discussion, field visit; prepare field visit report andnote

6.1 Multi color sheet fed pressesActivities:

Discussion, chart presentation, slides show, field visit , lab workLearning materials

Chart, visual aids, Machine, reference books, Internet• Divide the learners into groups and discuss the topic.

107

• Field Visit,• Slideshow.• Use chart and machine to learn the working procedures• Let them observe the working procedures and demonstrate.

Discussion points- Two colour presses- Four colour presses- Five colour presses etc

ConsolidationMulti colour presses

Product- Subject diary- Field visit report- Lab diary /

- Record diary6.2.Perfecting pressesActivities

Discussion, chart presentation, slideshow, field visitLearning materials

Chart, visual aids, machine, reference books, Internet• Divide the learners into groups and discuss the topic.• Use chart and perfecting machine• Slide show• Let them observe and identify the working procedures• Field visit

Discussion points- Blanket-to-blanket

ConsolidationPerfecting presses

Product- Subject diary- Field visit report

108

Printing Technology

6.3 Multi color presses, monitoring and control systemActivities :

Discussion, field visit , demonstration, lab workLearning materialsChart, Visual aids, Machine , reference books, Internet

• Divide the learners into small groups .• Introduce monitoring and control system and discuss• Let them observe control and monitoring system and do in the lab• Field visit

Discussion points- Press monitoring- Control system

ConsolidationPress monitoring and control system

Product- Subject diary- Field visit report- Lab diary /- Record book

6.4. Press console

ActivitiesDiscussion, field visit .

Learning materialsVisual aids, Machine, console computer scanner, densic to meter, reference books, Internet

• Group the learners and discuss the topic.• Start a job and collect a sample press sheet and check with scanning

densitometer• Use console computer to correct press problems

Discussion points- Density values- Register- Dot gain

109

- Doubling- Ink trapping- Print contrast- Console computer- Scanning densitometer

ConsolidationPress console

Product- Subject diary- Field visit report

CE ITEMSField visit : conduct field visit

TE ITEMSSample questions1. Blanket -to -blanket means printing both sides of a sheet at a time in one pass through the

machine. Write another name for this printing machine (1 score)

2. Demand for multi colour printing is increasing. Explain (6scores)

3. You are working on a multi colour sheet fed offset machine as a printer. Write the ways to getan OK sheet

(6 cores)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS FOR PRACTICAL EVALUATION

1) Multi colour sheet fed presses2) Multi colour press monitoring and control systems

110

Printing TechnologyU

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Sl No 4

Theory

Practical

2 hrs

112

Printing Technology

UNIT-7PRINTING PROCESS

COLOUR ON SHEET FED OFFSET PRESSES

Introduction

Process colour is a system of producing a full variety of colours by printing a set of three standardcolour inks in various combinations and proportions, usually along with a fourth colour ink. Theinitial discussion will deal largely with idealized conditions, making it possible to explain more clearlythe basic concepts involved. In other cases the practical differences from the ideal are sufficient torequire special techniques to compensate for them as explained that on colour.

In this chapter we mainly deal with colour printing, method of registration, press concerns andquality control devices

The facilitator can adopt different strategies such as group discussion, sample collection,demonstration, field visit ,chart presentation and lab work.Curriculum objectives• To apply press concerns and colour on sheet fed presses through discussion, demonstration,

chart presentation, lab work and prepare note, lab dairy/ record book.• To understand sequences of colours and registration control for multi colour printing through

discussion, sample collection, progressive proof book, field visit, lab work; prepare field visitreport and note, lab diary/ record book.

• To acquire knowledge about quality control devices through discussion, sample collection,progressive proof book, field visit, demonstration, lab work; prepare field visit report andnote , lab dairy/ record book.

7.1 Press concerns colour on sheet fed offset presses

Activities:Group discussion, demonstration, chart presentation, Field visit, Lab work

Learning materialsSingle colour offset press, Progressive proof book, Reference books, Internet

• Divide the learners into groups and discuss about colour on sheet fed presses.• Field visit.

113

• Demonstration• Give lab work• Observe and do.

Discussion point- Process colour- Multi colour printing press

- Press concerns for multicolour printing

Consolidation point

Press concerns -colour on a sheet fed offset press

Product- Subject diary- Field visit report- Lab diary /

Record book7.2. Sequences of colours and registration control for multicolour printing

Activities: Group discussion, Field visit, Demonstration, Sample collection, chart presentation, Lab work

Learning materialsSingle colour offset press, Star target, dot gain scale, slur gauge, densic meter, Referencebooks, Internet.

• Divide the learners into groups and discuss about the topic• Present collected samples and identify the colour sequence and registration• Field visit.• Demonstrate sequence of colours and registration controls• Observe and demonstrate in the lab

Discussion points- Process inks- Transparent and opaque inks- Sequence of colour (ink) for a multi colour printing- Registration and its importance- Method of checking registration

- Controlling registration

114

Printing Technology

Consolidation pointSequence ofcolours and registration control

Product- Subject diary- Field visit report- Lab diary /

Record book7.3. Quality control devices in multi colour printingActivities:

Sample collection, Field visit, Discussion, Demonstration, Lab workLearning materials

Single colour offset press, star target, dot gain scale, slur gauge, densoto meter, referencebooks, internet

• Divide the learners into groups and discuss the topic.• Present the collected samples and assess the quality of products• Demonstrate quality control devices.• Give lab work to access quality control in multi colour printing.

Discussion points- Quality control and its importance- Quality control devices- Star target- Quality control strip- Dot gain scale- Slur gauge- Densitometer

Consolidation point

Quality control devices

Product- Subject diary- Field visit report- Lab diary /

Record book

115

CE ITEMSSample collection: Collect Sample materialsField Visit: Conduct field visit to printing press

TE ITEMS

Sample Questions

1. In a printing house a four colour work prints out of registration. Comment your points torectify this problem. (6scores)

2. In printing a four colour quality work, give your opinion to control quality(4scores)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS FOR PRACTICAL EVALUATION

1. Press concerns and colours on sheet fed presses2. Sequence of colours and registration control3. Quality control devices.

116

Printing TechnologyU

NIT

A

NA

LY

SIS

7- M

UL

TI

CO

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UR

SH

EE

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13 hrsPractical 9 hrs

23 hrs

Sl No 1 2 3

117

UNIT-8WEB OFFSET PRESSES

Introduction

A web offset is a press that prints on roll of paper. The growth of web offset printing particularlyfor printing books, newspapers, business forms, magazines, directories and packaging has madethe process a major part to the commercial Printing Industry

This unit explains the basic structure of web offset machine and its general features includingtypes of web presses, auxiliary equipments in feed, registration and delivery etc.

The facilitator adopts various learning strategies like discussion, chart, field visit, demonstration(As we know it is difficult to have web offset machine in each vocational higher secondary schoolfor training it is advisable to have field visit/ Industrial training till the machine is available)Curriculum objectives

• To understand web offset presses, and different types through discussion, chart, field visit,prepare field visit and report and note

• To acquire knowledge about components of web press through discussion, chart, field visitand prepare field visit report and note

• To familiarize press console through discussion, chart, field visit and prepare field visit reportand note

8.1. Web offset presses and different typesActivities:

Discussion, chart, field visitLearning materials

Chart, Web machine, Visual aids, Reference books, Internet• Divide the learners into groups and discuss the topic.• Present chart• Conduct field visit and observe and identify the general features.

Discussion points- Working principle- General features- Parts of machine- Paper feeding, in feed, registration

118

Printing Technology

- Printing and delivery units- Different types- Blanket- to- blanket- Common impression cylinder (CIC)- In- line- and other types

Hand out

ConsolidationWeb offset presses, types and general features

Product- Subject diary- Field visit report

8.2. Components of web pressActivities:

Discussion, visual aids presentation, chart, field visit.Learning materials

Chart, web machine, Visual aids reference books, Internet

• Divide the learners into small groups and discuss the topic.• Present chart• Visual aids presentation

119

• Conduct field visit and observe and identify web press componentsDiscussion points

- Plate cylinder- Blanket cylinder- Impression cylinder ink and water systems- Reel stand- Splicer- Web tensioner- Drier- Chill rolls- Folding and cutting- Dancer roller- Auxiliary equipments

ConsolidationComponents of web press

Product- Subject diary- Field visit report

8.3.Press consoleActivities:

Discussion, chart, visual aids presentation, field visitLearning materialsChart, offset machine, reference books, Internet

• Divide the learners into small groups and discuss the topic• Present chart• Use visuals• Conduct field visit and observe

Discussion points- Press console

ConsolidationPress console

Product- Subject diary- Field visit report

120

Printing Technology

CE ITEMSField Visit: Conduct field visit to a printing press observe and identify the general features of

web- offset machineTE ITEMS

1 If you are conducting field visit to a news paper printing unit, you will observe a web offsetmachine in the unit. Write components of the machine (6 score)

2 Discuss different types of web offset machine in your class room. (6 score)

3 In web offset machine the feeding of substrate entirely is different from that of a sheet fedoffset machine. Name the form of feeding(1 score)

LIST OF EXEPERIMENTS FOR PRACTICAL EVALUATION

1. Adopt industrial training (20hours)

121

UN

IT

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Sl No 1 2

122

Printing TechnologyU

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A

NA

LY

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8- W

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ESS

ES

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.

Sl No 3

Theory

Practical

2 hrs

123

UNIT -9TROUBLE SHOOTING

Introduction

In theory , press set and operations are simple. Unfortunately, difficulties may develop in everysituations and prevent a quality emage from printing on the final press sheets. The true draft of theprinter is to identify and the correct the problems. This process is called trouble shooting.

In this chapter we deal with the defects related to paper, ink and printing and its remedies, pressmaintenance and lubrication.

The facilitator can adopt various learning stratgies such as discussion, sample collection,demonstration, lab work.Curriculum objectives

• To understand paper defects and remedies through discussion, sample, demonstration, labwork and prepare note, lab diary/ record book.

• To understand ink defects and remedies through discussion, sample, demonstration, lab workand prepare note, lab diary/ record book.

• To understand printing defects and remedies through discussion, sample, demonstration, labwork and prepare note, lab diary/ record book.

• To understand and apply press maintenance, lubrication and press room chemicals throughdiscussion, sample, lab work and prepare note, lab diary/ record book.

9.1 Paper defects and remedies

Activities:Discussion, Sample collection , Demonstration, Lab work

Learning materialsSamples, offset machine, Reference books

• Group the learners and discuss the topic.• Present the samples and identify the defects.

124

Printing Technology

• Find remedies• Ask them to observe and do.

Discussion points- Paper curling- Picking- Linting, fluffing and dusting- Show through- Creasing- Strike through- Static electricity- Remedies

Consolidation pointPaper defects and remedies

Product- Subject diary- Lab diary /

Record book9.2.Ink defects and remediesActivities:

Discussion, Sample, Demonstration, Lab workLearning materials

Samples, offset machine, reference books

• Group the learners and discuss the topic• Present the samples and identify the defects.• Remedies• Observe and do.

Discussion points- Poor drying- Mottle- Grain ness- Chalking- Emulsification and bleeding- Set off

125

- RemediesConsolidation point

Ink defects and remediesProduct

- Subject diary- Lab diary /

Record book

9.3.Printing defects and remediesActivities:

Discussion, Sample, Demonstration, Lab workLearning materials

Samples, offset machine, reference books

• Group the learners and discuss the topic• Present samples to identify the defect.• Remedies• Observe and do.

Discussion points- Image wears- Image blinding- Dot gain- Catch up- Scum- Tinting- Poor image sharpness- Poor image contrast- Moiré patterns- Poor trapping- Ghosting- Slur- Doubling- Embossing- Hickies- Tail end hooks

- Remedies

126

Printing Technology

Consolidation pointPrinting defects and remedies

Product- Subject diary- Lab diary /

Record book9.4 .Maintenance, lubrication and press room chemicals

Activities:Discussion, Samples, Demonstration, Lab work

Learning materialsMachineries, press chemicals, reference books

• Group the learners and discuss the topic• Present samples of lubricants and chemicals• Observe and do

Discussion points- Preventive maintenance- Type and application of preventive maintenance- Periodical maintenance- Maintenance shop equipments and machines required for maintenance- Methods of lubrication- Types of lubricants- Characteristics and application

- Pressroom chemicals

Consolidation pointMaintenance, lubrication and press room chemicals

Product- Subject diary- Lab diary /

Record bookCE ITEMS

Sample collection: Collect samples of paper, ink, printing defect materials toshow

127

TE ITEMSSample question

1. The print on one side of the sheet is visible from the reverse side. Comment and identify theproblem and its remedies (3 scores)

2. Ink on printed sheet spreads to the back of the following sheet. Comment ideas.(1 score)

3. Match the following information from A with B

A B1 Paper Dot gain2 ik Ink Dusting3 Printing Mottle

(3 score)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS FOR PRACTICAL EVALUATION

1 Paper defects and remedies2 Ink defects and remedies3 Printing defects and remedies4 Maintenance, lubrication and press room chemicals

128

Printing Technology

UN

IT

AN

AL

YSI

S9-

TR

OU

LE

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To u

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l,Pic

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Poor

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Sl No 1 2 3

2 hrsTheory 2 hrs 3 hrs

5 hrsPractical 5 hrs 5 hrs

129

UN

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2 hrs

5 hrs

Practical

Sl No 4

130

Printing Technology

Unit 10SCREEN PRINTING

Introduction

The dominant method of porous printing is screen – process printing which is also known as “silk screen” in the trade. Screen- process printing is at least in its contemporary form, is the oldestof all printing arts. The screen in screen – process printing is a cloth stretched and attached to aframe, the prepared frame serves as the printing – image carrier of this printing method.

In this chapter we deal with the basic concept, classification of materials, multi – colour printing,half tone printing, high speed production etc .

The facilitator can adopt different learning strategies like group discussion, demonstration, fieldvisit and lab work.

Curriculum objectives

• To understand the basic concept, classification, types of stencils, fabric and frame preparationthrough, demonstration, discussion, lab work and prepare note lab diary/ record book.

• To acquire knowledge about photographic stencil, through discussion, demonstration, labwork and prepare note, lab dairy/ record book.

• To get awareness about squeegee, substrate, ink, consideration and basic registrationtechniques in screen printing through discussion, demonstration, lab work and preparenote, lab dairy/ record book.

• To acquire knowledge about masking the stencil through demonstration, discussion, lab work;and prepare note, lab dairy/ record book.

• To understand idea about multi colour printing in screen-printing through discussion,demonstration, lab work; prepare note lab dairy/ record book.

• To understand half tone reproduction through discussion, demonstration lab work, preparenote lab dairy/ record book.

131

• To familiarise high-speed production presses through discussion, field visit and prepare fieldvisit report and note .

• To acquire knowledge about machine configuration through discussion, field visit, chartpresentation and prepare field visit report and note.

10.1.Basic concept, classification, type of stencil, fabric and frame preparationActivities:

Discussion, Demonstration, lab workLearning materials

screen frames, Fabric of different grades, nails , Tape hammer, scissors etc, referencebooks

• Group the learners and discuss the topic• Present materials used for screen• Introduce frame preparation• Let them to observe and demonstrate.

Discussion points- Porous printing process- Basic concept- Classification of screen printing- Stencil and its classification- Types of stencils- Materials used to attach image- Screen fabrics- Fabric treatment- Frame preparation- Frame stitching techniques

Consolidation pointsBasic concept, classification, types of stencils, fabric and frame preparation

Product- Subject diary- Lab diary /

Record book

132

Printing Technology

10.2 Photographic stencilActivities:

Discussion, Demonstration, Lab workLearning materials

Screened frames, film, red star, sensitizer, exporting unit, reference books

• Divide learners in to groups and discuss the topic.• Present stencil preparation.• Let them observe and do.

Discussion points- Photographic stencil- Preparation of stencil- Direct and indirect method- Stencil exposure- Stencil developer- Main requirement and steps of photographic stencil.- Drying techniques

Handout

133

Consolidation pointsPhotographic stencil

Product- Subject diary- Lab diary/

Record book10.3. Squeegee, substrate, ink and basic registration Activities:

Discussion, Demonstration , Lab workLearning materials

Inks, substrates, squeegees glass plate, fevicol

• Divide the learners into groups and discuss the topic• Present squeegee, ink, substrate• Introduce basic registration technique

134

Printing Technology

• Ask them to observe and do.Discussion points

- Factors considering squeegee and ink- Selecting proper squeegee- Substrate selection

- Ink selection

- Ink preparation

- Basic process

- Basic registration techniques

- On and off contact printing

- Printing the stencil

Consolidation pointsSqueegee, substrate, ink and basic registration technique

ProductSubject diary

- Lab diary /Record book

10.4 Making of stencilActivities:

Discussion, Demonstration, Lab workLearning materialsRed star, blue star, Mark, Tapes, paper pieces, reference books

• Divide the learners into groups.• Introduce masking the stencil• Ask them to observe and demonstrate.

Discussion points- Masking the stencil- Preparing paper mask- Liquid block - out masks

135

Consolidation pointsMasking of stencil

Product- Subject diary- Lab diary /

Record book

10.5.Multi colour printing

Activities:Discussion, Demonstration, Lab work

Learning materialsScreen printing unit, reference books

• Divide the learners into groups• Introduce multicolour printing, trouble shooting, cleaning the screen, removing

stencil.• Observe and do.

Discussion points- Printing using different colours- Steps and procedures for multi colour printing- Drying the image.- Cleaning the screen- Removing the stencil

- Troubleshooting clogged screenConsolidation points

Multicolour printingProduct

- Subject diary- Lab diary /

Record book10.6.Half tone reproductionActivities:

Discussion, Demonstration, Lab workLearning materials

Screen printing unit, reference books

136

Printing Technology

• Divide the learners into groups and discuss the topic• Introduce half tone reproduction.• Let them observe and demonstrate

Discussion points- Half tone reproductions- Method of half tone preparation- Fabric selection- Moire patterns

- Printing consideration

Consolidation pointsHalf tone reproduction.

Product- Subject diary- Lab diary /- Record book

10.7 High-speed production pressesActivities:

Discussion, Field visitLearning materialsScreen printing machines, reference books

• Group the learners and discuss the topic• Conduct field visit to understand high speed presses

Discussion points- General idea about screen printing presses- High speed presses- Features of lever action & hand operated.- Semi automatic presses - Automatic presses.

Consolidation pointsHigh speed production press

Product- Subject diary- Field visit report

137

10.8 Machine configurationActivities

Discussion, Field visit, Chart presentationLearning materials

Screen printing machine, reference books

• Conduct a field visit .• Group the learners and discuss the topic• Present chart

Discussion points- Configuration of screen-printing machines.- Screening cylindrical surfaces- Cylindrical screen- Operation of semi automatic screen press- Advantages of a cylindrical screen.- Wet-on-wet printing

Consolidation pointsMachine configuration

Product- Subject diary- Field visit report

CE items

Field visit: Conduct field visit to different firms Project: Give project work based on screen printing.

TE ITEMS

1. For printing a double colour visiting card, describe the procedures for doing the job. (6 scores)

2 You went to print on cylindrical surface. identify method of printing you can adopt(1 score)

138

Printing Technology

3. If you are going to start a screen printing unit as a small scale industry, explain your approachto start the unit (6 scores)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS FOR PRACTICAL EVALUATION

1. Fabric and frame preparation2. Photographic stencil3. Registration4. Masking the stencil5. Multicolour printing6. Half-tone reproduction

139

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141

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142

Printing Technology

UNIT-11OTHER PRINTING PROCESS

IntroductionAll modern printing processes have been developed to meet a human quest for information .The

effect of Guttenbergs invention was to expand knowledge. This expansion of knowledge quickly toan increasing demand for more printed materials ie to produce printed information faster and faster.

This unit introduces printing process which are becoming increasingly important in the PrintingIndustry Flexography and Xerography.

The facilitator adopts various learning strategies like discussion, chart, sample presentation, fieldvisit, lab work etc.

Curriculum Objectives• To understand flexography printing through discussion, chart, sample collection, field visit,

prepare field visit and report and note.

• To understand and apply Xerographic printing through discussion, chart, sample presentation,field visit, labwork; prepare field visit report and note, lab dairy/ record books.

11.1 Fexography Printing

Activities:Discussion , Sample collection, Chart presentation, Field visit

Learning materialsSample, Chart, flexography, printing machine, reference books, Internet

• Divide the learners into groups and discuss the topics.• Field visit.to understand flexographic machine

• Observe the samples and flexography machine.Discussion Points

- Components of flexography Press.- Infeed Unit.- Printing Unit.- Outfeed Unit.

143

- Flexographic Plates.- Rubber Plates- Photo Polymer Plates and the developments.- Steps in producing rubber, Polymer, Liquid Polymer and Liquid Polymer

plate.- Future.

Hand out

Flexographic printingFlexographic printing, commonly referred to as flexo printing, is a rotaryrelief printing

process in which the image carrier is a flexible rubber or photopolymer plate with raisedimage areas .The process was first introduced in the early 1900s, at which time it was calledaniline printing because the inks used were made from synthetic, organic aniline dyes. A varietyof packaging products including foil, tissue, paper, paperboard, corrugated board and plasticfilm can be printed with flexo. A flexographic press consists of three major units the infeed,printing,and outfeed .

ConsolidationFlexography Printing

Product- Subject diary- Field visit report

144

Printing Technology

11.2. Xerography Printing

Activities :Discussion, Chart, Sample collection, Lab work.

Learning materialsChart, Xerography machine, Sample, reference books , Internet

• Group the learners and discuss the topic.

• Observe the samples, chart and xerography machine

• Do lab workDiscussion Points

- Charging- Exposure- Development- Transfer- Fixing- Cleaning- Importance of Xerography

Hand Out

Xerographic PrintingThe word “xerography’” comes from a com­bination of two Greek words: xeros. which

means “dry,” and graphos, which means “writing.” The invention of the xerographicprocesswas a response to the need for printing on demand. The process, commonly known asphotocopying, was developed in 1937 by Chester Carlson, a patent attorney and physicistwho was seeking a method for copying patent drawings without using photography. Allxerographic processes in use today rely on the fundamental principle that Carlson applied inhis original device: Unlike electrical charges attract; like electrical charges repel. Manydevelopments have occurred in xerography since Carlson’s original invention, but all commonxerographic processes involve six steps: charging, exposure, development, transfer, fixing,and cleaning.

145

1 2

ConsolidationXerography Printing

Product- Subject diary- Lab diary /- Record book

3 4

5 6

SIX STEPS IN THE XEROGRAPHIC PROCESS

146

Printing Technology

C.E. ITEMSSample Collection: Collect samplesof flexography products and xerography productsField visit. Conduct field visit

T.E ITEMSSample Questions1. Printing on plastic covers is familiar in our daily life. Name the type of printing process more

relevant from the following for the plastic printing1) Ink-jet printing 2) Laser printing 3) Flexography (1score)

1. Xerox copy of a certificate is to be produced. Write your views about Xerox printing.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS FOR PRACTICAL EVALUATION

1. Xerography Printing.

147

UN

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AN

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YSI

S11

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Sl No 1 2

148

Printing Technology

UNIT 12FINISHING OPERATIONS

IntroductionVast majority printed products require some sort of additional processing in order to meet the

job requirements. Those operations performed after printing are called finishing .In the presentsenario finishing operations are more important in Printing Industry.

This unit deals the main finishing operations like folding, gathering, cutting and binding.

The facilitator introduces various learning strategies like discussion, sample, chart, demonstrationand lab work.

Curriculum Objectives• To understand binding and its classification through discussion, sample, chart, and prepare

note.

• To acquire knowledge about ware house and its functions through discussion, field visit andprepare field visit report and note.

• To familiarise tools and equipments used in binding through discussion presentation and preparenote.

• To understand materials, its selection, care and use through discussion, presentation and preparenote.

• To understand different types of sewing through discussion, demonstration sample chart andlab work and prepare note, record book.

• To understand and apply automation in binding through discussion, chart, demonstration labwork, field visit; prepare field visit report and note lab diary/ record book.

• To acquire knowledge about account bookbinding through discussion sample, lab work;prepare note lab diary/ record book.

149

• To understand and apply publishers binding through discussion, sample, lab work and preparenote lab diary/ record book.

.• To understand different styles of binding through discussion, sample, lab work and prepare

note lab diary/ record book

• To understand and apply repairing works of book through discussion, demonstrate lab workand prepare note lab diary/ record book.

• To acquire knowledge about estimating the materials required for particular work through anassignment and present in the form of a report.

12.1. Binding and its classification

Activities:Discussion, Sample presentation, Chart.

Learning materialsSamples, Chart, reference books,

• Group the learners and discuss the topic.• Present chart and Samples.

Discussions Points- Definition of binding- Stages of binding- Letterpress binding- Stationary binding

ConsolidationBinding and its classification

ProductSubject diary

12.2 Ware house and its functions

Activities:Discussion, Field visit

150

Printing Technology

Learning materialsReference books

• Group discussion to learn about ware house andits functions• Field visit

Discussions Points- What is warehouse?- Functions of warehouse

ConsolidationWarehouse functions

Product- Subject diary- Field visit report

12.3 Tools and equipments in bindingActivities:

Discussion, PresentationLearning materials

Tools, equipments, reference books

• Group discussion about tools and equipements in binding• Present tools and equipments

Discussions Points- Tools- Equipments

ConsolidationTools and equipments

Product- Subject diary

12.4.Materials & its selection, care and use

Activities:Discussion, Presentation

• Group the learners and discuss the topic.• Present materials

151

Discussions Points- Different materials- Selection- Care

- UseConsolidation

Materials, Selection, Care, UseProduct

- Subject diary12.5. Different Types of SewingActivities:

Discussion, demonstration, Sample, Chart, lab work.Learning materials

Samples, reference books

• Group the learners and discuss the topic• Present chart and samples• Let them observe and demonstrate the sewing procedure in the lab.

Discussions Points- Purpose of sewing- Kinds of sewing- Wire stitching- Thread sewing- Types of sewing- Flexible sewing- Double flexible- Tape sewing- Saw-in sewing etc

ConsolidationDifferent types of sewing

Product- Subject diary- Lab diary /- Record book

152

Printing Technology

12.6. Automation in BindingActivities

Discussion, Demonstration, Field visit, lab workLearning materials

Chart, machines, reference books, Internet• Group discussion• Demonstration• Conduct field visit• Introduce binding machines and its operations; observe and do

Discussions Points- Suitability of machine- Maintenance- Adjustments- Operation- Guillotine- Folding machine- Perforator- Creasers- Slitter- Bundling machine- Gathering machine- Adhesive binding machine- Automatic case making machine- Laminating machine etc

ConsolidationAutomation in Binding

Product- Subject diary- Field visit report- Lab diary /- Record book

153

12.7.Account bookbinding

Activities:Discussion, Sample presentation, lab work.

Learning materialsSample book, Reference books

• Group learners and discuss the topic• Present sample Account book• Let them observe and do in the lab.

Discussion Points- End paper- Sewing- Pasting- Spine gluing- Split boards- Tacketting- Spring back- Cutting, attaching boards- Covering full leather- Banding- Laces

-Consolidation

Account Book BindingProduct

- Subject diary- Lab diary /

Record book

12.8 .Publishers Binding

Activities:Discussion, Sample presentation, lab work.

154

Printing Technology

Learning materialsSample book, Reference books

• Group discussion about publishers binding• Present sample book• Observe and do the publishers binding procedures in the lab.

Discussion Points- Folding

- Bundling- Gathering- Sewing- Nipping- Spine gluing- Trimming- Edge decoration- Rounding, backing- Alternative forwarding techniques- Cutting- Cover decoration- Casing- in- pressing- Loose-leaf binding

ConsolidationPublishers Binding

Product:- Subject diary- Lab diary /

Record book

12.9.Styles of bindingActivities:

Discussion, Sample presentation, lab work.Learning materials

Sample book, Reference books

155

• Group the learners and discuss the topic.• Present sample books of different styles.• Observe and do the work in the lab.

Discussion Points- Cut flesh- Turned in- Quarter cloth- leather- Half cloth- leather- Full cloth- leather

ConsolidationStyles of Binding

Product- Subject diary- Lab diary/

Record book12.10. Book Repairing

Activties:Discussion, Presentation, lab work.

• Group discussion about book repairing• Present book repairing.• Observe and do the book repairing work in the lab.

Discussion Points- Cutting- Glueing- Separating sections- Over cast sewing procedures.

ConsolidationBook Repairing

Product- Subject diary- Lab diary /

Record book

156

Printing Technology

12.11.Estimating the Materials

Activities:Discussion, Calculation, assignment.

• Group discussion.• Introduce calculation• Give assignment

Discussion Points- Calculation of paper, Board, calico, fancy paper, leather,tape- Cord, wire

- Adhesive etcConsolidation

Estimating the materialsProducts

- Subject diary- Assignment

CE ITEMS

Assignment: Give assignment on estimating the materials

T E ITEMSSample Questions1. List out the tools and equipments used in binding (6 scores)2. Paper storing is very important. Write your ideas. (4 scores)3. Introduce different styles of binding you know. (6 scores)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS FOR PRACTICAL EVALUATION

1. Different types of sewing2. Automation in binding3. Account book binding4. Publisher binding5. Styles of binding6. Repairing works of book

157

UN

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158

Printing Technology

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9

1 hrs

10 hrs

1 hrs

20 hrs

Theory 1 hr

Practical 10 hrs

160

Printing TechnologyU

NIT

A

NA

LY

SIS

12-

FIN

ISH

ING

OPE

RA

TIO

NS

Rep

airin

gpr

oced

ures

To u

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atio

n1 hrsTheory 1 hr

Practical 10 hrs

Sl No 10 11

161

UNIT-13PRINTING AND PACKAGING

Introduction

Package is defined as the outer cover or packing the material, which helps to protect, topreserve, to identify, to give a brand image etc to the product .A product in order to be sold has tobe conserved and preserved, effectively to the satisfaction of the customer. In this chapter we dealwith materials used for packaging, classification of packages, special type of packages etc..

Facilitator can adopt various learning strategies such as field visit, sample collection, demonstration,group discussion, seminar and lab work.

Curriculum objectives

• To understand the materials, their properties, application and advantages of packing throughdiscussion, sample collection, field visit prepare field visit report and note.

• To get awareness idea about flexible packaging and laminates through discussion, samplecollection, field visit and prepare field visit report and note.

• To understand ink and solvent used in package industry through discussion, sample collectiondemonstration and prepare note.

• To acquire idea about special packages through discussion sample collection and preparenote.

• To understand various processes of paper and board packages through a seminar andprepare seminar report.

• To acquire idea about forme making, cutting, creasing and make ready through discussion,field visit demonstration, lab work and prepare field visit report and note and record book.

• To understand corrugated, fiberboard and rigid boxes through discussion, sample collection,chart and prepare note.

162

Printing Technology

• To understand selection of materials used for packing through discussion, sample collection,and prepare note.

13.1.The materials, properties, application and advantages of packaging.Activities:

Sample collection , Discussion, Field visitLearning materials

Samples, reference books, Internet

• Field visit to a packaging centre to study about the materials used inpackages.

• Group the learners and introduce collected samples• Group discussion based on the collected samples to learn about materials,

application and its advantagees.Discussion Point

- Paperboard, metal, glass, plastic,- Timber and textiles, properties of plastic based packaging- Characteristics and principles- Cellulose film- Properties of film- Application and limitation. Application and advantages of polyfins, poly

vinyls, polymer, nylon

Consolidation pointMaterials, properties, application and advantages

ProductSubject diaryField visit report

13.2. Flexible packaging and flexible laminates-materials and advantages

Activities:Field visit, Sample collection, Discussion

Learning materialsReference books, Internet

• Field visit to study about flexible packaging and laminations

163

• Group discussion based on the collected samples.Discussion points

- Flexible packaging, flexible laminates- Advantages- Different material used for it- Character of flexible packages and laminates

Consolidation pointsFlexible packaging and Flexible laminates – materials and advantages

Product- Subject diary- Field visit report

13.3.Inks and solvents used in packages industryActivities:

Sample collection, DiscussionLearning materials

Reference books, Internet

• Group the learners and introduce the collected samples and discuss

Discussion Points- Solvent- Based vehicles- Water soluble inks- Coating lacquers- Ink storage and handling- Special properties of inks for flexography, gravure andscreen printing

Consolidation pointsInks and solvents used in packages

13.4 Special packages and its machinery

Activities:Discussion, Sample collection

Learning materialsReference books, Internet

• Collect different types of packages.

164

Printing Technology

• Group the learners and have discussion based on the collected samples.• Familiarise machinery

Discussion points- Different types of packages- Strip packages- Shrink packages- Blister packages- Skin package- Stretch wrapping- Machinery used in packaging

Consolidation pointsSpecial packages and its machinery

ProductSubject diary

13.5. Various processes of paper and board packagesActivity:

SeminarLearning materials

Reference books, Internet

Discussion point- Paperboard packages- Cartons styles – purposes- Principles of carton design- Methods of containing- Protecting and displaying the product-using carton.

Consolidation pointsVarious processes of paper and board packages

ProductSeminar report

13.6. Forme making, cutting and creasingActivities:

Field visit, Discussion, Demonstration Lab work

165

Learning materialsReference books, Internet

• Filed visit• Group the learners and discuss

• Introduce forme making, cutting and creasing• Observe and demonstrate in the lab.

Discussion point- Type of forme, wood block, rotary and caser formes- Advantages and sequence of operations involved in forme – making- Make ready procedures, cutting and creasing

Consolidation pointsForme making, cutting and creasing

Product- Subject diary- Field visit report- Record book

13.7.Corrugated, fibre board and rigid box in packaging

Activities:Discussion, Sample collection

Learning materialsReference books, Internet

• Group the learners and discuss the topic.• Introduce collected samples, corrugated, fiber board and rigid box• Observe and identify

Discussion points- Conversion of corrugated boards in to boxes- Equipments used for conversion- Manufacture of corrugated and fibre- board cases, rigid boxes- Styles, classification and purpose, conversion of board into boxes

Consolidation PointCorrugated, fibre board and rigid box

166

Printing Technology

ProductSubject diary

13.8.Selection of materialsActivities:

Sample collection, DiscussionLearning materials

Reference books, Internet

• Introduce the collected samples in the learners group and discuss.• Observe and identify.

Discussion points- Selection of board,- Lining covering papers and adhesives

Consolidation PointsSelection of materials

ProductSubject diary

CE ITEMSSample collection: Collect the samples of packages and laminatesSeminar: Conduct seminar on various process of paper and board packagesTE ITEMSSample question

1. Comment your ideas about packaging(6Scores)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS FOR PRACTICAL EVALUATION

1. Forme making, cutting, creasing and make ready

167

UN

IT

AN

AL

YSI

S13

-PR

INT

ING

AN

D P

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GIN

G

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ract

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of v

ario

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ial u

sed

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ties

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icat

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dth

e m

ater

ials,

prop

ertie

sap

plic

atio

n, a

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vant

ages

of

pack

agin

g.

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ngId

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lysin

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ple

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and

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ent

used

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pes

Sl No 1 2 3

168

Printing Technology

UN

IT

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4Sl No 5 6

1 hr

2 hrsTheory

Practical

2 hrs

20 hrs

169

UN

IT

AN

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S13

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INT

ING

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and

adhe

sive

s

Theory

Practical

2 hrs

Sl No 7 8

170

Printing Technology

UNIT -14BASIC ENGINEERING

IntroductionElectrical, electronics and mechanical which are the basic engineering subjects have a vital role

in the Printing Industry. The parts of printing machine work according to these principles.

This unit deals with direct and alternate current, motors and transformers, basic electronics,mechanical components, hydraulics and pneumatics not in details but only basics of it.

The facilitator can adopt various strategies such as discussion, assignment, chart preparation etc.

Curriculum Objectives• To understand the characteristics of direct current and alternate current through

discussion, chart presentation and prepare note.

• To familiarize motors and transformers through discussion, chart presentation and preparenote.

• To understand basic electronics circuit through discussion, chart presentation and preparenote.

• To get an idea about the characteristics of mechanical principles of mechanical componentsthrough discussion, chart presentation and prepare note.

• To familiarize the characteristics of hydraulics and pneumatics through discussion, chartpresentation and prepare note.

• To understand electrical, electronics, mechanical and pneumatic parts of a printing machinethrough an assignment.

14.1.Direct current and Alternate current

Activities:Discussion, Chart presentation

171

Learning materialsReference books, Internet

• Group the learners and discuss direct and alternative current• Present chart

Discussion points- Emf, current, potential difference and resistance- Ohms law- Electric power and energy- Electromagnetism and magnetic flux- Faraday’s laws of electromagnetism.- Fundamentals of alternate current and its circuit

Consolidation pointsDirect current and alternative current current

ProductSubject diary

14.2.Motors and transformersActivities:

Discussion, Chart presentationLearning materials

Reference books, Internet

• Group the learners and discuss motors and transformers.• Present chart

Discussion Points- Construction and working principle of three-phase induction motor.- Construction and working principle of transformer.

Consolidation PointBasic concepts and working principles of motors and transformers

ProductSubject diary

14.3. Basic electronic circuit

Activities: Discussion, Chart presentation

172

Printing Technology

Learning materialsReference books, Internet

• Group the learners and discuss basic electronic circuit.• Present chart

Discussion point- Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors- Semiconductor diode(P-N junction)- Construction and operation of bi-polar junction transistor

Consolidation pointsElectronic circuit

ProductSubject diary

14.4. Mechanical componentsActivities:

Discussion, Chart presentationLearning materials

Reference books, Internet• Group the learners and discuss about mechanical components• Present chart

Discussion point- Nuts, bolts, screws, studs, keys, cotters, pin, lever and shafts-

identify.- Function of spur, helical and Bevel gear- Cams and followers –application- Plain bush, ball and roller bearings- Chain and sprockets, soldering, riveted joints- Clutches and brakes, feeler- Types of lubrication and lubricant- Maintenance

Consolidation pointMechanical components

Product

Subject diary

173

14.5.Hydraulics and pneumatics

Activities:Discussion, Chart presentation

• Group the learners and discuss about hydraulics and pneumatics

• Present chartDiscussion points

- Viscosity, Demulsibility and stability- Working, use of single stage air compressor

Consolidation pointHydraulics and Pneumatics

ProductSubject diary

14.6.Mechanical, Electrical, Electronics and Pneumatic parts of a printing machine

Activities:Discussion, Assignment

• Group the learners and discuss the topic• Give assignment

Discussion Points- Mechanical parts- Electrical parts- Electronic parts- Pneumatic parts

Consolidation PointsMechanical, Electrical, Electronics and pneumatic parts

Product- Subject diary :- Assignment

CE ITEMSAssignment: Give assignment on mechanical, electrical electronics and pneumatic parts ofprinting machine

174

Printing Technology

TE ITEMS

Sample Questions

1. Identify the electrical, electronics, mechanical and pneumatics parts of a single colour off setmachine (6scores)

175

UN

IT A

NA

LY

SIS

14- B

ASI

C E

NG

INE

ER

ING

Fund

amen

tal

of d

irect

curre

nt a

ndal

tern

ate

curre

nt a

ndits

circ

uit

To u

nder

stand

the

char

acte

ris-

tics o

f dire

ctcu

rrent

and

alte

rnat

e cu

rrent

Obs

ervi

ngan

alys

ing

com

parin

gm

easu

ring

Disc

ussio

nch

art

pres

enta

tion

Ref

eren

cebo

oks

Subj

ect d

iary

abili

ty to

anal

yse

diffe

rent

circ

uits

Subj

ect d

iary

Theory 2 hrs

Obs

ervi

ngan

alys

ing

com

parin

gm

easu

ring

To fa

mili

arise

mot

ors a

ndtra

nsfo

rmer

s

Disc

ussio

nch

art

pres

enta

tion

Ref

eren

cebo

oks

Sub

ject

dia

rySu

bjec

t dia

ry2 hrs

Fund

amen

tal

of m

otor

san

dtra

nsfo

rmer

s

Obs

ervi

ngan

alys

ing

com

parin

gm

easu

ring

To u

nder

stand

basic

ele

ctro

n-ic

s circ

uit

Disc

ussio

nch

art

pres

enta

tion

Ref

eren

cebo

oks

Sub

ject

dia

rySu

bjec

t dia

ry2 hrs

Fund

amen

tals

of B

asic

Elec

troni

cs

Obs

ervi

ngan

alys

ing

com

parin

gm

easu

ring

To

get a

n id

eaab

out t

hech

arac

teris

tics

of m

echa

nica

l,pr

inci

ple

ofm

echa

nica

lco

mpo

nent

s

Disc

ussio

nch

art

pres

enta

tion

Ref

eren

cebo

oks

Sub

ject

dia

rySu

bjec

t dia

ry3 hrs

Fund

amen

tal

of mec

hani

cal

prin

cipl

e of

mec

hani

cal

com

pone

nts

Practical

Sl No 1 2 3 4

176

Printing TechnologyU

NIT

A

NA

LY

SIS

14- B

ASI

C E

NG

INE

ER

ING

Fund

amen

tal

of h

ydra

ulic

san

dpn

eum

atic

s

To fa

mili

arise

abou

t the

char

acte

ristic

sof

hyd

raul

ics

and

pneu

mat

ics

Obs

ervi

ngan

alys

ing

com

parin

gm

easu

ring

Disc

ussio

nch

art

pres

enta

tion

Ref

eren

cebo

oks

Subj

ect d

iary

abili

ty to

anal

yse

diffe

rent

circ

uits

Subj

ect d

iary

Iden

tifyi

ngO

bser

ving

Ana

lysin

gC

lass

ifyin

gC

ompa

ring

Mea

surin

g

To u

nder

stand

mec

hani

cal,

elec

trica

l,el

ectro

nics

and

pneu

mat

ic p

arts

of a

prin

ting

mac

hine

Ass

ignm

ent

Sing

le c

olou

rof

fset

mac

hine

Rep

ort o

fas

signm

ent

Rep

ort o

fas

signm

ent

Parts

of a

nof

fset

prin

ting

mac

hine

Sl No 5 6

Theory 2 hrs 1 hr

Practical

177

APPENDIX

178

Printing TechnologyS

TUD

EN

TS E

VA

LUA

TIO

NP

RO

FILE

PE

CETE

Total

Grade

Che

mis

try

Total

Grade

Mat

hem

atic

s

CETE

PE

Engl

ish

CE

TETotalGrade

Gen

eral

Foun

datio

nC

ours

e

CETE

TotalGrade

Voc

atio

nal S

ubje

cts

CETE

TotalGradeTotalGrade

TotalGrade

CETE

VCE

PE

CE

TE

TotalGrade

Phys

ics

Nam

eSl

no:

179

CC

E Total (80)

Total

out o

f20

TE

(80)

Tot

al(1

00)

Gra

dePE

12

34

56

7To

talGr

ade

Voc

atio

nal C

ompe

tenc

y Ev

alua

tion

Regu

larit

yan

dPu

nctu

ality

(10)

Valu

eAd

ditio

n (2

0)

Capa

city

build

ing

(20)

FOR

MAT

FO

R V

OC

ATIO

NA

L C

OM

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CY

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Total (50)

Grad

e4 (20)

1 (20)

2 (20)

3 (20)

Sl no:

Nam

e

180

Printing Technology

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE

1 T.M.Adams,; D.D.Faux, L.T.Ricber, Printing Technology, Delmar Publishers Inc. 1990.

2 V.S.Krishnamurthy, Basics of Modern Printing Process, Maxseltype, 1989.

3 A.G.Martin, Finishing process in printing, Facal Press Ltd. Britain, 1972.

4 Arthur W.Johnson, The Thames and Hudson Manual of Book Binding, Thames and Hudson,London 1989.

5 Arthur W.Johnson, Craft Book Binding, Thames and Hudson,

6 Herbert P.Home, The Binding of Books, Haskell House Publishers Ltd., New York, 1970.

7 Handbook of Modern Halftone photography, Perfect graphic arts, Demarset, U.S.A.

8 Jack Eggleston, Sensitometry for Photographer, Focal Press, London, 1984.

9 Woodlief Thomas, J.R.SPSE Handbook of Photographic Science and Engineering, John Wileyand sons.

10 J.Michael Adams David, D.Foux, Llyod, J.Ricber, Printing Technology, 3rd Edition, DelmarPublishers, 1988.

11 R.H.Leach, The Printing Ink Manual, Fifth Edition, Chopman and Holl, London, 1993.

12 Robert F.Reed-What the Printer should know about Inks; GATF, 1984.

13 C.G.Roffey. Photo polymerization of Surface Coatings, John Wiley & Sons, London 1985.

14 Eagle Charles. V. Hand Book of Adhesive bonding, M.C.Graw Hill Book Company, NewYork, 1978.

15 Alan Holmes, Electronic Composition, Emblem Books Ltd. 1984.

16 Les Heath and Ian Faux, Photo type setting, SITA Ltd. 1983.

17 J.Michael Adman, David D Foux, and Lyods J.Reiber; Printing Technology, Delmer (Pub),III Edition.

18 PIRA guide, Standardised Lithographic Colour Printing 1984/85

19 Mills, South Worth, Colour Seperation Techniques, Graphic Arts Publishing Co. Newyork,1981.

20 R.W.G Aunt, Reproduction, Colour, Fountain Press, 1981.

21 Principles of Colour Reproduction applied to photomechanical Reproduction, Colour

181

Photography and the Ink, Paper and other Related Industries, John Wiley & Sons U.K.

22 P.C.Pocket Guide

101. Page Maker Tips, Graham Jones

Galgotia Publications Pvt.Ltd

5, Ansari Road, New Delhi – 110002

23 Offset Printing Blankets

Technical Manual by John M.Smith (Tecl.Director) BTR Graphic Products Ltd. Prepared forthe 26th India Printer Conference

24 Offset Printing by Misra Lecturer

Institute of Printing Technology

Allahabad, New Delhi

Web sites

1 www. manu graph.com

2 www. heidelberg.com

3 www. hmt.org

4 www. print_ packaging .com

5 www. bindingmeachinery.com