pka communication

8/10/2019 PKA Communication

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HUMAN

COMMUNICATION



Communication Defined

Communication

Symbolic

Human

Process

communicationrefers to the process

of human beings

responding to the

symbolic behavior of

other persons



Types Of Communication

Mass

IntrapersonalDyadic/

Interpersonal

SmallGroup

Public

Communication

Types

Human Interaction



Fungsi Komunikasi

1. 2. 3. 4.

Physical

Needs

Identity

NeedsSocial

Needs

Practical

Needs



Click to add title

Transactional

Models

Communication

Models

Linear

Models

Communication Models



Click to add titleLinear Models



Click to add titleTransactional Models



1

SIMULTANEOUSSENDING ANDRECEIVING

2

COMMUNICATIONIS FLUID, NOTSTATIC

3

COMMUNICATIONIS RELATIONAL,NOT INDIVIDUAL

Transactional Models



Communication competence

Effective communication

involves achieving one’s

goals in a manner

that, ideally, maintains orenhances the relationship

in which it occurs

THERE IS NO “IDEAL” WAY

TO COMMUNICATE

COMPETENCE IS

SITUATIONAL

COMPETENCE IS

RELATIONAL

COMPETENCE

CAN BE LEARNED



Characteristics of Competent Communicators

Title

Ability To Choose

The Most Appropriate

BehaviorCommitment To

The Relationship

Skill At

Performing Behaviors

Empathy/Perspective Taking

Self-Monitoring

Cognitive Complexity

Wide Range of Behaviours



THE PROCESS OF

INTERPERSONAL

COMMUNICATION



The Process of Interpersonal ommunication

InterpersonalCommunication

interactional process

in which one person

sends a message to

another

Communication process of sending and receiving messages

that have meaning

Inter-personal

Process

Inter-actional



The Process of Interpersonal Communication

Components and features of

communication process

1

Technology and interpersonal

communication

2

Communication and adjustment3





SenderThe person who initiate the message

Message Information/meaning transmitted

ChannelSensory means through which the

message reaches the receiver

Noise Stimulus that interferes

ContextEnvironment in which

communication takes place

ReceiverThe person whom the message is

targeted




communication

Electronically mediated communication is interpersonalcommunication that takes place via technology

The recent explosion inelectronic and wireless

communication technologyhas revolutionized our

notions of interpersonalcommunication




communication




communicationSocialMedia




communicationNet-lingo

LOL

Thankyou PAL

TY

NBD

RUOK

LDR

Long distancerelationshsip

Parents arelistening

Laughingout Loud

No bigdeal

Are youok?

B4N/BFN

Bye fornow

F2F

Face toface

IDK

I don’t

know

ZZZ

Sleeping,bored, tired

YTY




communication



Communication and adjustment

• Communication with others—friends, lovers, parents, spouses, children,employers, workers—is such an essential and commonplace aspect of

everyday life that it’s hard to overstate its role in adjustment

• Many of life’s gratifications (and frustrations and heartaches, as well)

hinge on one’s ability to communicate effectively with others

• Numerous studies have shown that good communication can enhance

satisfaction in relationships (Cordova, Gee, & Warren, 2005; Egeci &

Gençöz, 2006) and that poor communication ranks high as a cause ofbreakups among both straight and gay couples (Kurdek, 1994, 1998).



HALLO…!!!



HALLO…?!!



Saya Mafrukh

Tau kenapa saya maju tapi

ngga ngomong apa-apa?



Saya grogi.



Mau tau alasan lainnya?



Mau Mau Mau?



Ok.



Soalnya saya mau presentasi.



an presentasinya adalah…



Nonverbal

Communication



Enak ya maju ngga usah

ngomong apa-apa.



Ngga enaknya sama yang lain.

Jadi saya mau ngomong wis.



Nonverbal

Communication



“the transmission of meaning from

one person to another throughmeans or symbols other than

words.”



Differences between Verbal and

Nonverbal Communication

Verbal Nonverbal

Complexity One dimension (words only) Multiple dimensions (voice,

posture, gestures, distance, etc.)

Flow Intermittent (speaking and silencealternate)

Continuous (it’s impossible to notcommunicate nonverbally)

Clarity Less subject to misinterpretation More ambiguous

Impact Has less impact when verbal and

nonverbal cues are contradictory

Has stronger impact when verbal

and nonverbal cues are

contradictory

Intentionality Usually deliberate Often unintentional



General

Principles



The first rule of Nonverbal

Communication is:

Bercanda doang kok, ini nih yang bener

“You do not talk about

NonverbalCommunication.”



“Nonverbal communication

conveys emotions.”



“Nonverbal communication is

multichanneled.”

Gestures

Eye ContactFacialExpressions

vocal tone



Nonverbal communication is

ambiguous

Niatnya:

“Lu keren Bro!”

Kalo dilakuin diTimTeng,

Afrika Baratand Amerika

Selatan jadinya:

“ni jempol bakalmasuk ke ****

bro!”



Nonverbal communication may

contradict verbal messages

b l l



Nonverbal communication is culture-

bound



Karakteristik



Bingung mau kasih gambar apa, dengerin aja deh.

• Exist

• Communicative Value• Primarily Relational

• Ambiguous• Different from Verbal

Communication

• Important



Elements of

Nonverbal

Communication



Personal SpaceIntim (0,5M)Personal (1,2M)Sosial (3M) Sapa elu (>3M)



Facial Expression



Eye Contact



Body Language

And that’s why your body is wonderland.



o

h



Paralanguage



WHAT INFLUENCESNONVERBAL

COMMUNICATIO

N?


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 57/95Cultures



GENDER



FUNCTIONS OF

NONVERBAL

COMMUNICATION



~The Function~

repeating



~The Function~

Substituting



~The Function~

Complementing



~The Function~

Regulating



~The Function~

Contradicting



~The Function~

Deceiving



TYPES OF

NONVERBAL

COMMUNICATION



Posture and Gesture



Face and Eyes



Touch



Physical Attractiveness



Clothing

Distance



Distance

Ti



Time



Territoriality



Environment



Bosen ya? Tenang aja habis ini

mas anzas.



Toward More Effective Communication

Conversational Skill

Self Disclosure

Effective

Listenings





The art of conversation is actually based onconversational skills

The reaction when it come to meeting stranger:

1. Launch right into a conversation

2. Break into a cold sweat as their mind go completely



2. Break into a cold sweat as their mind go completelyblank

Messages: The Communication Skills



gBook by McKay and associates (1995)

Give

Focus

Non verbal cue

Psychologist Bernardo Carducci (1999) suggests five



Keep rolling

Select topic and common

Introduce

Commenting

Smooth exit

Psychologist Bernardo Carducci (1999), suggests fivesteps for making successful small talk



Self Disclosure

What is self

disclosureact of

sharinginformation

like andtrust eachother



Why Self Disclosure is Important



1.Can reduce your stress

2.Way to build relationships

3.Lead to feelings of closeness

4.Helps couples avoid stress

Why Self Disclosure is Important

What People Tell and Don’t Tell Others About



Themselves

Three studies on self-disclosure andnarrative identity found someintriguing results (Pasupathi, McLean,& Weeks, 2009). While individualsmay disclose some emotional events,they are less likely to do so if theevents are social transgressions

Self-Disclosure and Relationship Development



Self-Disclosure and Relationship Development

For intimacy to developin a relationship

• a discloser must feelunderstood and caredfor

• Listeners’s respondmatters

Self-disclosure variesover the course of

relationships.

C lt d S lf Di l



Culture and Self-Disclosure

Individualistic CultureAmericans

Personal sharing is essential to close friendships andhappy romantic partnerships.

Most men are taught to conceal tender emotions andfeelings of vulnerability, especially from other men

Collectivist cultures

China and Japan,

People are open about their group memberships andstatus

G d d S lf Di l



Gender and Self-Disclosure

Females tend to be more openly self-disclosing than males

Eff ti Li t i



Effective Listenings

Eff ti Li t i



Effective Listenings

To be a good listener, you need to keep fourpoints in mind.

• Signal your interest

• Hear before respond.

• Active listening.

• The other person’s nonverbal signals

D l i A ti C i ti St l



Developing an Assertive Communication Style

The Nature of Assertiveness

Steps in Assertiveness Training

The Nature of Assertiveness



To be assertive is to speak out rather than pull

your punches.

Steps in Assertiveness Training



p g

Understand What AssertiveCommunication Is

Monitor Your Assertive

CommunicationObserve a Model’s Assertive

Communication

Practice Assertive Communication

Adopt an Assertive Attitude

LOGO

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