Download - PKA Communication
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 1/95
HUMAN
COMMUNICATION
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 2/95
Communication Defined
Communication
Symbolic
Human
Process
communicationrefers to the process
of human beings
responding to the
symbolic behavior of
other persons
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 3/95
Types Of Communication
Mass
IntrapersonalDyadic/
Interpersonal
SmallGroup
Public
Communication
Types
Human Interaction
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 4/95
Fungsi Komunikasi
1. 2. 3. 4.
Physical
Needs
Identity
NeedsSocial
Needs
Practical
Needs
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 5/95
Click to add title
Transactional
Models
Communication
Models
Linear
Models
Communication Models
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 6/95
Click to add titleLinear Models
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 7/95
Click to add titleLinear Models
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 8/95
Click to add titleTransactional Models
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 9/95
1
SIMULTANEOUSSENDING ANDRECEIVING
2
COMMUNICATIONIS FLUID, NOTSTATIC
3
COMMUNICATIONIS RELATIONAL,NOT INDIVIDUAL
Transactional Models
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 10/95
Communication competence
Effective communication
involves achieving one’s
goals in a manner
that, ideally, maintains orenhances the relationship
in which it occurs
THERE IS NO “IDEAL” WAY
TO COMMUNICATE
COMPETENCE IS
SITUATIONAL
COMPETENCE IS
RELATIONAL
COMPETENCE
CAN BE LEARNED
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 11/95
Characteristics of Competent Communicators
Title
Ability To Choose
The Most Appropriate
BehaviorCommitment To
The Relationship
Skill At
Performing Behaviors
Empathy/Perspective Taking
Self-Monitoring
Cognitive Complexity
Wide Range of Behaviours
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 12/95
THE PROCESS OF
INTERPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 13/95
The Process of Interpersonal ommunication
InterpersonalCommunication
interactional process
in which one person
sends a message to
another
Communication process of sending and receiving messages
that have meaning
Inter-personal
Process
Inter-actional
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 14/95
The Process of Interpersonal Communication
Components and features of
communication process
1
Technology and interpersonal
communication
2
Communication and adjustment3
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 15/95
Components and features of
communication process
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 16/95
Components and features of
communication process
SenderThe person who initiate the message
Message Information/meaning transmitted
ChannelSensory means through which the
message reaches the receiver
Noise Stimulus that interferes
ContextEnvironment in which
communication takes place
ReceiverThe person whom the message is
targeted
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 17/95
Technology and interpersonal
communication
Electronically mediated communication is interpersonalcommunication that takes place via technology
The recent explosion inelectronic and wireless
communication technologyhas revolutionized our
notions of interpersonalcommunication
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 18/95
Technology and interpersonal
communication
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 19/95
Technology and interpersonal
communicationSocialMedia
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 20/95
Technology and interpersonal
communicationNet-lingo
LOL
Thankyou PAL
TY
NBD
RUOK
LDR
Long distancerelationshsip
Parents arelistening
Laughingout Loud
No bigdeal
Are youok?
B4N/BFN
Bye fornow
F2F
Face toface
IDK
I don’t
know
ZZZ
Sleeping,bored, tired
YTY
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 21/95
Technology and interpersonal
communication
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 22/95
Communication and adjustment
• Communication with others—friends, lovers, parents, spouses, children,employers, workers—is such an essential and commonplace aspect of
everyday life that it’s hard to overstate its role in adjustment
• Many of life’s gratifications (and frustrations and heartaches, as well)
hinge on one’s ability to communicate effectively with others
• Numerous studies have shown that good communication can enhance
satisfaction in relationships (Cordova, Gee, & Warren, 2005; Egeci &
Gençöz, 2006) and that poor communication ranks high as a cause ofbreakups among both straight and gay couples (Kurdek, 1994, 1998).
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 25/95
Saya Mafrukh
Tau kenapa saya maju tapi
ngga ngomong apa-apa?
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 27/95
Mau tau alasan lainnya?
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 30/95
Soalnya saya mau presentasi.
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 31/95
an presentasinya adalah…
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 32/95
Nonverbal
Communication
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 33/95
Enak ya maju ngga usah
ngomong apa-apa.
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 34/95
Ngga enaknya sama yang lain.
Jadi saya mau ngomong wis.
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 35/95
Nonverbal
Communication
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 36/95
“the transmission of meaning from
one person to another throughmeans or symbols other than
words.”
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 39/95
Differences between Verbal and
Nonverbal Communication
Verbal Nonverbal
Complexity One dimension (words only) Multiple dimensions (voice,
posture, gestures, distance, etc.)
Flow Intermittent (speaking and silencealternate)
Continuous (it’s impossible to notcommunicate nonverbally)
Clarity Less subject to misinterpretation More ambiguous
Impact Has less impact when verbal and
nonverbal cues are contradictory
Has stronger impact when verbal
and nonverbal cues are
contradictory
Intentionality Usually deliberate Often unintentional
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 40/95
General
Principles
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 41/95
The first rule of Nonverbal
Communication is:
Bercanda doang kok, ini nih yang bener
“You do not talk about
NonverbalCommunication.”
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 42/95
“Nonverbal communication
conveys emotions.”
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 43/95
“Nonverbal communication is
multichanneled.”
Gestures
Eye ContactFacialExpressions
vocal tone
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 44/95
Nonverbal communication is
ambiguous
Niatnya:
“Lu keren Bro!”
Kalo dilakuin diTimTeng,
Afrika Baratand Amerika
Selatan jadinya:
“ni jempol bakalmasuk ke ****
bro!”
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 45/95
Nonverbal communication may
contradict verbal messages
b l l
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 46/95
Nonverbal communication is culture-
bound
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 48/95
Bingung mau kasih gambar apa, dengerin aja deh.
• Exist
• Communicative Value• Primarily Relational
• Ambiguous• Different from Verbal
Communication
• Important
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 49/95
Elements of
Nonverbal
Communication
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 50/95
Personal SpaceIntim (0,5M)Personal (1,2M)Sosial (3M) Sapa elu (>3M)
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 51/95
Facial Expression
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 53/95
Body Language
And that’s why your body is wonderland.
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 56/95
WHAT INFLUENCESNONVERBAL
COMMUNICATIO
N?
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 59/95
FUNCTIONS OF
NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 60/95
~The Function~
repeating
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 61/95
~The Function~
Substituting
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 62/95
~The Function~
Complementing
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 63/95
~The Function~
Regulating
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 64/95
~The Function~
Contradicting
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 65/95
~The Function~
Deceiving
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 66/95
TYPES OF
NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 67/95
Posture and Gesture
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 71/95
Physical Attractiveness
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 72/95
Clothing
Distance
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 77/95
Bosen ya? Tenang aja habis ini
mas anzas.
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 78/95
Toward More Effective Communication
Conversational Skill
Self Disclosure
Effective
Listenings
Conversational Skill
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 79/95
Conversational Skill
The art of conversation is actually based onconversational skills
The reaction when it come to meeting stranger:
1. Launch right into a conversation
2. Break into a cold sweat as their mind go completely
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 80/95
2. Break into a cold sweat as their mind go completelyblank
Messages: The Communication Skills
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 81/95
gBook by McKay and associates (1995)
Give
Focus
Non verbal cue
Psychologist Bernardo Carducci (1999) suggests five
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 82/95
Keep rolling
Select topic and common
Introduce
Commenting
Smooth exit
Psychologist Bernardo Carducci (1999), suggests fivesteps for making successful small talk
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 83/95
Self Disclosure
What is self
disclosureact of
sharinginformation
like andtrust eachother
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 84/95
Why Self Disclosure is Important
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 85/95
1.Can reduce your stress
2.Way to build relationships
3.Lead to feelings of closeness
4.Helps couples avoid stress
Why Self Disclosure is Important
What People Tell and Don’t Tell Others About
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 86/95
Themselves
Three studies on self-disclosure andnarrative identity found someintriguing results (Pasupathi, McLean,& Weeks, 2009). While individualsmay disclose some emotional events,they are less likely to do so if theevents are social transgressions
Self-Disclosure and Relationship Development
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 87/95
Self-Disclosure and Relationship Development
For intimacy to developin a relationship
• a discloser must feelunderstood and caredfor
• Listeners’s respondmatters
Self-disclosure variesover the course of
relationships.
C lt d S lf Di l
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 88/95
Culture and Self-Disclosure
Individualistic CultureAmericans
Personal sharing is essential to close friendships andhappy romantic partnerships.
Most men are taught to conceal tender emotions andfeelings of vulnerability, especially from other men
Collectivist cultures
China and Japan,
People are open about their group memberships andstatus
G d d S lf Di l
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 89/95
Gender and Self-Disclosure
Females tend to be more openly self-disclosing than males
Eff ti Li t i
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 90/95
Effective Listenings
Eff ti Li t i
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 91/95
Effective Listenings
To be a good listener, you need to keep fourpoints in mind.
• Signal your interest
• Hear before respond.
• Active listening.
• The other person’s nonverbal signals
D l i A ti C i ti St l
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 92/95
Developing an Assertive Communication Style
The Nature of Assertiveness
Steps in Assertiveness Training
The Nature of Assertiveness
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 93/95
To be assertive is to speak out rather than pull
your punches.
Steps in Assertiveness Training
8/10/2019 PKA Communication
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pka-communication 94/95
p g
Understand What AssertiveCommunication Is
Monitor Your Assertive
CommunicationObserve a Model’s Assertive
Communication
Practice Assertive Communication
Adopt an Assertive Attitude
LOGO