pfdj members in north germany assert readiness to back up...

Vol 20. No. 75 Saturday, 16th of November, 2013 Pages 8, Price 1.50 NFA

PFDJ members in North Germany asserted that they would back up national development endeavors. They made the pledge at an assessment meeting, during which Mr. Yohanes Woldu from the Eritrean Embassy in the country called on the nationals to become beneficiaries of the investment prospects in the

The inhabitants of Tessenei sub-zone said that they would sustain popular initiative in connection with environmental hygiene and backing implementation of development programs. They expressed such readiness at a meeting with the sub-zonal Administrator, during which he explained that the community ventures accomplished in collaboration with members of the People’s Army have given rise to remarkable impact.

Mr. Tesfalem Bahta, Administrator of the sub-zone, called on Area and village administrators to promote the pace of such community-led campaigns and noted the vitality of exerting efforts regarding popular awareness pertaining to communicable diseases. In this connection, he urged the inhabitants to pay due

The inhabitants of Mai-Aini sub-zone have expressed satisfaction with becoming beneficiaries of mobile telephone service, and voiced conviction that such facility would give impetus to socio-economic activities in the area.

A total of 127 youths in Hagaz semi-urban center who have been attending theoretical and practical training courses in video shooting, electronics, first aid and other fields for 3 months graduated last Saturday.

Speaking on the occasion, Mr. Jemal Woldit, head of the NUEYS branch in the sub-zone, called on the beneficiaries of the trainings to focus on career development on the

The Health Ministry’s branch in Gash-Barka region indicated that health seminars conducted in collaboration with stakeholders on the basis of health centers have made significant impact as regards lowering instances of communicable diseases. It made the remark at a meeting held with community representatives and heads of line ministries in Banretu city.

Speaking at the meeting, Mr. Sultan Beyene and Woldeab Asrat from the health center in Barentu pointed out that popular awareness reagding on health issues is on the

Homeland.From the Public and Community

Affairs Department in the Embassy, Mr. Kahsai Tewolde and Mr. Futsum Sahle lauded the accomplishment registered in the year 2013 by the PFDJ members, and pointed out that they would exert further efforts with a view to mounting popular resolve against

anti-Eritrea agendas.Moreover, Ms. Semhar Gebreab

gave briefings pertaining to the structure, goals and guidelines of the YPFDJ vis-à-vis the activities conducted and the development attained thereof.

The participants of the meeting conducted discussion on the assessment report, and said that they would continue to voice staunch resistance against enemy conspiracies.

PFDJ members in north Germany assert reaDiness to back uP

national DeveloPment enDeavors

attention to the ongoing community sensitization activities, and called for further parental collaboration in the course of the immunization campaign against Polio due to be launched this month.

Mr. Tesfalem also explained the vitality of collaboration on the part of the inhabitants pertaining to compiling up-to-date statistical data as regards the number of livestock and saddle animals in the locality.

The participants of the meeting lauded the government’s commitment towards improving the standard of living of nationals, and put forth views regarding a number of issues.

In closing remarks, the sub-zonal Administrator advised the inhabitants to enhance prudent utilization of social service facilities.

inhabitants oF tessenei sub-zone to sustain PoPular camPaiGns

reGarDinG environmental hyGiene anD backinG DeveloPment ProGrams

Among the inhabitants, Ms. Tsega Sibhatu, Mr. Tsegai Dirar and Mr. Tesfagabir Hadera noted the benefit of a communicational access of this type for irrigation farmers taking in to account the fact that the locality is endowed with remarkable potential thereof.

inhabitants oF mai-aini sub-zone exPress satisFaction on mobile

telePhone service

basis of practical work exposure, and disclosed that there is a plan to launch new training schemes in woodwork and metal work.

Similarly, Ms. Amna Haj, Administrator of Hagaz sub-zone, noted the vitality of investing on the youth so as to guarantee sustainable national development, and pointed out that various activities are scheduled to be conducted in the year 2014. He

also called for enhanced parental role in this regard.

Among the trainees, Reqiya Mohammed, Adil Idris, Rahel Semere, Arsema Haile and Samson Teklezgi expressed appreciation for the programs being implemented with a view to ensuring a bright future for youths, and said that they would translate the knowledge they have acquired into practice.

a total oF 127 youths in haGaz obtain skill traininGs

Gash-barka: health seminars makinG siGniFicant imPact

rise in connection with the continued community sensitization campaigns conducted so far, thus giving rise to visible decline in morbidity of communicable diseases.

Mr. Eyob Kidane, head of the Ministry of Labor and Human Welfare’s branch in the region, on his part asserted the branch office’s readiness to engage in such joint venture as reducing mortality resulting from such diseases is directly related to doing away with social ills.

The participants of the meeting called for sustained efforts to this end.

2Eritrea Profile, Saturday 16th of November, 2013

mother going to vaccination center

Published Every Saturday & WednesdayManaging Director Azzazi Zeremariam

Acting EditorAmanuel [email protected]

P.O.Box: 247Tel: 11-41-14Fax: 12-77-49

E-mail:profile@ zena.gov.er

Advertisement: 12-50-13Layout

Saba TesfatsionAzieb Habtemariam

Asmait Ftsumbrhan

Also known as poliomyelitis, polio is a highly infectious viral disease. It is caused by infection with the poliovirus. This virus is highly contagious and is passed on through food and water contaminated with feces of infected people. Although children under 3 years of age represent more than half of all cases, polio can affect people of any age. Now a day’s most of the world’s countries are free from polio, however, this condition still exists in parts of Africa

and south Asia. In particular, it is found in areas where water treatment and sanitation facilities

are not properly maintained or nonexistent. Infection with polio happens when the virus enters the body through the mouth, multiplies in the throat and intestine, and spreads through the blood to the central nervous system. There, the virus attacks nerve cells, which can lead to paralysis.

Since 1988, Polio cases worldwide have decreased by over 99%, from an estimated 350,000 cases in more than 125 endemic countries, to 1997 reported cases in 2006. Globally, only four countries remain polio endemic, namely Afghanistan, India, Nigeria and Pakistan. In the African Region, Nigeria presents the biggest challenge to

polio eradication.The Ministry of Health is at

the heart of a plan to help make Eritrea free from the disease. Through vaccination, the spread of polio and the complete removal of the disease from the human population are possible. Also by organizing different workshops on facts about polio the Ministry of Health is playing a great role in giving enough information the society about the dangerous disease. The vision of the Ministry of Health is to cure and save all children under the age of five from all kinds of epidemics that can be prevented through vaccine. Having this grand vision as a driving force the National Vaccine Program is trying to create an opportunity that is accessible evenly distributed and covered services of vaccine all over the nation. The purpose of this program is

to remove all the obstacles that stand a challenge against the main aim of the program which is to raise the number of percentage of the coverage of the vaccine program on the infants under the age of one to reach 95%.

From all the 72 countries under the umbrella of GAVI Alliance, a public-private global health partnership committed to saving children’s lives and protecting people’s health by increasing access to immunization in poor countries, Eritrea has been awarded an international award on December 2009 in Hanoi, Vietnam for achieving the highest coverage of full vaccination throughout the nation.

In continuation of the

workshops held pertaining this issue, the Ministry organizes a workshop at Hager Media on

15th of November 2013, aiming to establish a platform to build good relations with media programmers, to offer media programmers an opportunity to understand the upcoming national polio campaign to be held from 20-24 November 2013 and to enable media programmers produce informative and accurate stories of polio campaign. At the occasion Mr. Pranab Shah, UNICEF representative gave opening remarks of National Immunization Days. In his statement Mr. Pranab said that the Government of Eritrea partnered with UNICEF and WHO have achieved highest immunization coverage and Polio Free State. He added that over the five years, the Ministry of Health expanded program for Immunization provided extensive access to vaccination coverage for all antigens with a focus on coverage at zoba levels using proven strategies such as the Reaching Every District and Sustainable Outreach Services approach. “Polio is a crippling and potentially fatal infectious disease. There is no cure, but there are safe and effective vaccines. The strategy to eradicate polio is therefore based on preventing infection

Workshop on Polio Immunization Days: working for complete removal of the disease from the human population

by immunizing every child until transmission stops and the world is polio-free.” He added. The UNICEF representative underlined that Media is a critical component for the eradication strategy and powerful in reaching communities with appropriate programs and messages. Mr. Pranab explained that despite the last detection of polio in Eritrea being in 2005, Eritrea remains positioned at a high risk of the polio importation from bordering countries such as South Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia where new polio cases have emerged.

According to sources Eritrea has managed to reach a stage where the nation is awarded with a Polio-free nation certificate. Tackling the smallpox caused deaths and disabilities of infants have reached a stage where currently the epidemic is under the full control of the campaign. Since 2002 Tetanus has been under control thus saving the lives of so many specially protecting infants after delivery. These aforementioned scored goals have been a stepping-stone towards creating a healthy nation and society. The bigger picture of all these eradication programs is to build a healthy nation and society.


Kesete Ghebrehiwet

Customary laws have qualities that outweigh modern laws in terms of depth, intensity and details of legal procedures and particularly in moral responsibilities. Before the introduction of modern law, the Eritrean societies used to settle matters depending on already set customary laws that were functional among different populations. Most of them have been orally transferred from one generation to

another. Of course, some of them are documented in publications to date. The depth of the philosophy and their magnitude makes one admire the subtle and pragmatic ways of peacefully settling matters of different kinds. Of the many rich Eritrean customary laws, Mada-customary law of the Afar ethnic group, has been preserved in the

Afar customary Laws: Shrewd and full of Exceptional Wisdom Part I

written form through the initiatives taken to collect materials form the memories of Afar elders.

The Afar customary law (Mada) has survived from generation to generation through oral transfer. Like many other Eritrean customary laws, Mada’s benefit for the future generation has been one of the major concerns to the Afar ethnic group. The tribes of the Afar ethnic group had developed different laws that govern their daily activities. Each clan or tribe in a broader sense, used

to solve legal cases in an isolated way. But they eventually agreed on the idea of having a unified Mada. Bur Eali Mada is one of the modified collections of the Mada that were functional in different localities of Bidu, Ara’ata, and Fedi. After different deliberations the elders of the three localities agreed to combine the three Madas into a

unified code under an atmosphere of mutual understanding and beneficial cooperation.

Bur Eali mada was named after the Bur Eali tribe that took the initiative in organizing the conference held in Eddi. The conference was open for two terms to make amendments. Even though Budduto Badir and Bur Eali are the most recognized Madas, with the passage of time Bur Eali Mada gained wide acceptance among the Afar ethnic group.

Bur Eali Mada is divided into eight basic principles like essence (nature of crime), types of crime, responsibility, and category of crime, punishment, varieties of bodily injuries, compensation, and execution.

In the afar ethnic group crimes are divided into five types of crimes like Eido (killing) crime on life, Aymissiya (injury) crime on body, Rado- crime on property such as looting and breaking, Samo- (adultery) and Dafu- crime of insult

(defame).According to the Mada there

is no individual liability for the crimes committed by any member of the community. But rather the responsibility of crime lies on the culprit’s entire clan and tribe in general. This makes the criminal shoulder huge moral responsibility for he would put his clan and tribe in danger of sharing some portion of the crime he/she has committed.

Although difficult to locate a definite period of time as to the historical background of the Afar customary laws-the laws have been functional for a long period of time. According to Mr. Ge’ase Ahmed, courts coordinator in the Southern Red Sea, filing a suit at government court or any law enforcing government body has almost never been seen. The Afar ethnic group always desires to solve their problems on their own. Making a case in the court of law is considered as a taboo that violates the longstanding customs of Afar

communities.Every principle stated in the

customary law has its own sub divisions. The categories of crime depend on the extent of the crime and acknowledgement for the crime whether of admission- Abaeitto or negation (Refusal)-Gelelway. The admission in itself is divided into two sub divisions of Gorhi- intentionally committed crime and Garhi- unintentional act of crime.

The punishment is also categorized in accordance to the severity of the crime. The basic solution for settling the criminal acts is through Diat-compensation for murder and Deikha- compensation for cases other than murder.

Kinds of physical injuries that come under criminal acts are divided in two mainstream divisions that cover various sub-divisions under each of two categories of Wara- injuries that require medication and Walalla-injuries that do not require any medication.


Invitation for Bids (IFB) Name of Country: EritreaName of Project: Global FundGrant No: Ert-t-MOH Dated: November 12,2013 IFB title: - procurement of solar system for pharmacy store IFB Number: GF/r10 tB/ICB/01/2013

The 1. Ministry of Health of the State of Eritrea has received a grant from the Global Fund towards the cost of HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and TB Project. It is intended that part of the proceeds of this grant will be applied to eligible payments under the contract for procurement: Solar system for pharmacy store

The 2. Project Management Unit of the Ministry

of Health now invites sealed bids from eligible bidders for the supply of Solar system for pharmacy store

Bidding will be conducted through the International 3. Competitive Bidding (ICB) procedures specified in the Global fund Guidelines:

Interested bidders may obtain further information 4. from PMU, Ministry of Health and inspect the Bidding Documents at the Procurement Office, PMU, Ministry of Health, Denden Street No.82, Asmara, Eritrea; Tel: 291-1-122978, Fax: 291-1-124357 from 08:00 to 12:00 hours.

A complete set of Bidding Documents in 5. English language may be purchased by interested bidders on the submission of a written Application ( if agents, presentation of authorization and renewed license) to the address and upon payment of a non refundable fee USD fifty (50.00) or equivalent. The method of payment will be cash or Bank transfer to the credit of our account No. 120-122-0186 with Bank of Eritrea through DZ BANK SWIFT. GENO DE F - Frankfurt, Germany IBAN. DE39500604000001030 736. The document will be sent by DHL/Express mail.

Bids must be delivered to Project Management 6. Unit/MOH, Denden Street No. 82 Asmara, Eritrea; Tel: 291-1-122978; Fax; 291-1-124357, on or before 15:00 Hours on December 5,2013 All bids must be accompanied by a bid security to be not less than two (2) percent of the bid amount in a freely convertible currency which should be submitted sealed within the bid offer envelop.

Late bids will be rejected. Bids will be opened in the presence 7.

of the bidders’ representatives who choose to attend at 15:00 hrs on December 5,2013

VACANCY ANNOUNCEMENTBisha Mining Share Company is inviting applicants for the following positions for its Bisha Site Project;

Position:- Drill and Blast Superintendent ( 1)1.

Major Duties and responsibilities:-

Develop, review and implement best practice for all drilling and blasting activities.Control and management of the operating budget.Monitor and report on daily performance and monthly progress.Control and management of all drilling and blasting activities including Explosives Magazine.Management of drilling and blasting consumables including stock control.Design and interpretation of blast hole and tie-in plans and effective communication and implementation in the field.Assist in training and upgrading the National workforce through successful skills transfer.Implement a program of ongoing training and development so as to affect skills and technology transfer for successful succession planning.Implement employee performance management processes to ensure optimum employee performance.Demonstrate high level of communication with the Mining Operations personnel and other departments.Interface with mine, corporate and community stakeholders to ensure successful and safe drilling and blasting operations.Ensure that activities are carried out in strict conformance with all BMSC policies inclusive of cultural, social, safety and environment.Proactively promote a positive Site safety and environmental management culture.

WHAT WE WANT…Commitment to safety and environment above all else.Commitment to training, coaching and skills transfer.Commitment to continuous improvement.Leadership and management ability.Person capable of taking initiative to achieve positive outcomes.Highly organized individual capable of prioritizing tasks.Ability to deliver outcomes on-time and within budget. Experience with DTH and Top Hammer blast hole drill rigs.Experience in control blasting techniques.Experience in reactive ground conditions

PROFESSIONAL AND INTERPERSONAL DETAILS

Degree/Diploma in Mining Engineering or Explosives Technologies.+5 years open pit mining in a drill and blast capacity.Demonstrated knowledge of Blast Design and Initiation software. (Surpac, BlastInfo)Prior experience in Explosives Magazine control and managementDemonstrated people leadership and ability to training and transfer skills.A valid Driver’s License.A valid Blasting Certificate.

General Information and other requirements:Place of Work: Bisha site.•Type of contract: Definite Period.•Salary: As per Company salary scale.•

Additional requirement for Nationals: •Having fulfilled his/her National Service obligation and provide evidence of release paper •from Ministry of Defense. Present clearance paper from current/last employer •Testimonial documents to be attached (CV, work experience credentials, a copy of your •

National Identity Card etc.).Only shortlisted applicants would be considered as •potential candidates for an interview. Application documents will not be returned to sender •and, All applications should be sent through the post office.•Deadline for application: 10 days from the day of •publication in the Newspaper.Address: Please mail your applications to;•

Bisha Mining Share Company, P. O. Box 4276 Asmara, EritreaNote to Eritrean applicants:Please send a copy of your application to Ministry of Labor and Human WelfareDepartment of LaborP.O.BOX 5252, Asmara, Eritrea


NUEYS page

Youth

One of the great sayings of all time is “Never despair. Never despair.” And a poet once said, “Hope springs eternal in the human breast.” Another poet said, “Tell me not in mournful numbers life is but an empty dream.” The only reason for our coming here in this world is to strive and attain. So the moral or the message of the above sayings is simply strive on and have the right attitude in your heart and march on.

We may not have seriously considered it although we know it, but there are always two ways of approaching life. One is hesitancy, lack of confidence, negativity: the time when we say, “I don’t think I can. It’s too difficult. I can’t.” The other way is the opposite: the time when we say, “I can. Whether I can or can’t, how can I know unless I try it first? Then only I can know if I can or can’t.” So to come to a foregone conclusion that ‘I can’t’ is not rational. It is irrational because there is no way of knowing if that is the truth. The only truth is when we say, “Let me give it a fair trial. I will try my best.” And if after trying your very best, you do not succeed in attaining the objective you set out to achieve, it can fairly said that you have not failed. Because you might not have succeeded in that particular endeavor but you surely have accomplished something much bigger and important. And that is, you have fulfilled a human being’s duty by trying. The only true failure is when you submit yourself to doing nothing and fail to search your hidden talent or strength that you may never realize.

It is true that all of us have a comfort zone inside where we feel safe and secure, and it’s nice to have

Daniel Semere

It’s been disclosed time and again that the future as a whole is always dependent on the future of the youth in any given time. And often the prospect of nations has always been dependent on this fact. That’s why they give priority for the development of their youth and invest continuously a lot. And in no other instance could this statement hold more truth than in case of Eritrea. But any and every effort will be meaningless without awareness and a well-defined purpose from the part of the youth. So the one crucial question we need to ask is how can we promote and provide a conducive environment for our youth to enable them to contribute in building their community for the future?

We can start by acknowledging the change and continuity in our society. One thing is for sure, times have changed, and first and foremost we need to accept this new shift in

the minds of our youth. But this by no means is meant to give less credit for the imperativeness of our history and past as it is and always be the guide and indeed reference we will seek as a nation for times to come. Indeed our community has the benefit from the wisdom of ages as it is the owner of rich culture and history that can even be an inspiration to others. And one other rich resource we have is the creativity of our youth that has been proven time and again through the course of time. These two things by all means comprise the best option and suggest a best approach to inspire our youth and amass the required result.

Having these qualities at our disposal we need to take the focus of what our youth are good at and moreover how we think they should support their community. In order to receive support from our youth and attracting them to the community, we need to help them live the greatness that lies and

cultivate the voice within them. It’s not always necessarily that we should talk in collective terms. Although change is the result of collective actions, it is nonetheless comprised of individual actions, and hence preferences and capability. This is to say that every individual has what it takes to achieve the life that they know they can have; therefore our purpose should be to create awareness of inspiration that already exists within our youth by instilling desire, direction, and most importantly purpose, and help them to create their own belief system deeply rooted in our history. It is this belief system that will mold and grow the nation as a whole for the future of our country is nothing more than the individuals and particularly the youth within it.

And the task should start from the bottom so that when, children believe they could be anything they desired with no sense of fear and would one day rule the world our society should rather support

their passion, drive and vision by inculcating the awareness that regardless of their life circumstances, or environment, they will be able to achieve whatever they envision for themselves. In doing so we will keep the dreams of our youth alive that will in turn feed the growth of our community for, once again, its future lies within the dreams of our youth. After all what do the achievers in our society or around the world, those who we admire, have in common? Nothing other than the fact that they believe in themselves and their dreams. And believing in yourself and dreams is the fundamental foundation to achieving what you want out of life, regardless of your background, education, gender, circumstances or anything else. We often see examples of someone overcoming great odds to achieve their goal, due to their belief in those values. Looking at our near past would suffice this conviction echoing there’s nothing stronger in

this world than a heart that knows what it wants. Our self-concept, the belief we have of our self, will be the catalyst of our actions. Hence It will affect every decision we make in life, our ability to grow mentally, and the capacity to embrace change within generations.

So in order to create a value based community that we always aspire and strive for, we need to, as a nation, combine the ‘wisdom of ages and the creativity of our youth’. And As parents we need to set the example of what defines our community so our children can be the future. Today’s youth need to develop a way of thinking that will instill life-long values they will need in order to prosper, to fight for what is right, to fight for what they believe, to fight once again to keep our heritage alive for eternity.

The future of our nation and heritage lies on the centuries of wisdom and the creativity of our youth; our legacy cannot live without the other.

Inspiring Our Youth

the feeling of security. The problem however, is when we decide to remain there indefinetely fearing that trying to come out of there and achive something might entail failure and disrupt that comfort. This is percisely what we call negativity. But the fact is that if you don’t venture out of that cozy little box once in a while you’ll almost definitely have some regrets later in life. Because you will never know if you could have achieved something while you can and while you have time. Haven’t you ever encountered some people regreting by saying “I should have done this, I should’ve bought that, I should’ve…” just because they fail to come out of their box and try. But if you see their situation closely the regerets

come about because they know it was possible and it could have been done. But they realized it after the moment and the opportunity have passed.

Our minds can think of a million logical reasons why what we want to do is just not a good idea. It can say we don’t have the time or the money, we’d fail etc... This kind of “logical” thinking can be what holds us back from trying new things, of stepping out and taking risks. But to come and think of it how do we know that we will not succeed? Why don’t we consider the other possibility that we will succeed and think positively? Isn’t a half empty glass also half full? After all we are as likely to succeed as we are likely to fail and that is equal chance.

The good thing about trying is that you can give a positive attitude to what many called “failure”. Because it is given that not all risks turn out the way we want them too. Many of us have taken many risks that haven’t completely succeeded. But the good thing about that is that we know we tried. We can look back and say ‘that wasn’t for me’, or ‘I won’t do that again, but I have no regrets’. One of the scariest thoughts for many people is to think that when the are older they will look back and have a bunch of regrets. No one wants to feel that he or she missed out on chances or opportunities all because one was too afraid to try something.

Therefore it is always good to take a positive attitude towards life.

Affirmative ThoughtAlways have a positive view of things, and in your daily life always move forward by taking a positive approach to it, and never ponder a negative one. And remember hope and determination are divine quality and the wise always takes the positive attitude by hoping for the best and by actually setting out to achieve. All the achievers in our world are people of this quality and this is what differentiate them from others and lift them to the top.

Keeping a positive attitude and trying allows you to stretch yourself. You may discover that hidden talent or strength that you didn’t realize you had. Whether you fail or succeed you’ll have peace of mind knowing you tried, you won’t be left wondering what if ...


Rivers of Consciousness Social: http://www.facebook.com/riversofconsciousness | Contact Address: [email protected] SMS Message to: +2917261231

Teklehaimanot Yemane

On her first year, I thought I would organize a big party for her. Inviting all the great friends of hers into the party center, it would surprise and amaze her, I guessed. However, I could not imag-ine how she would feel about that. Would she be happy? Or would it make no sense to her? A big party with a big circle of river funs would defi-nitely impress her. I know her very well that she loves to be among the circle of her friends and also among friends’ friends, where she would be the center of attraction. After all, she was born with the intension to bring friends together. Watching to a friend triggering a friend or one inspiring the other, her eyes would feel with bliss, beauty and courage; being motivated to continue, she would lead them to the ocean of prosperity. Her flow to the depth of the oceans shall be in accor-dance to the universal system, where conscious-ness plays the big role in the big party. With a coherent orchestration of her alliance and fol-lowers she darts to the city center of the deepest existence and extreme awareness. The smooth flow of hers, contented with conscious energy, inspires and triggers to newbies. When there ex-ists the need to inspire these new comers to join the party, she would discuss with them in open air using open letters. I wonder how lovely it is to live flowing her flow and sipping from her conscious river - Rivers of Consciousness!

The first issue of Rivers of Consciousness was published on the 10th of November, 2012. The first article (Rivers of Consciousness – Ocean of Prosperity) speaks about the mission of the river and its intention to flow long and continu-ous. Followed and backed up by a number of contributors, now it has become a river to turn by, where thirsty cows could quench their thirst and a diligent farmer would water his garden of life from. My courage to take the initiative and to tap into this river was, my trusted believe on the potential and desire of many young sailors and divers, who could consciously sail to and dive into the depth of endless wisdom waters. Inspired and motivated a thousand folds again, last week on her first year birthday I promised Rivers of Consciousness (from now on, I am calling her Rico) to design for her a new dress. I am sure her new dress will attract many follow-ers; her look and feel would truly inspire them to stay around her circle for long and continu-ous. They will love her more and bring her gifts

of honor and respect that she would hang them on her new dress with glory and honor. Then she would say, ‘my beauty and continuity is as-sured by your staying around me. And believe me, I would be a trusted source of inspiration in your times of coming and sipping from my wa-ters. Also, believing there is a giant being within you I will continuously trigger you, so that you would dart freely in wisdoms of commons...’ To boost her energy of influence and enlarge her capacity of accommodation, I am refreshing Rico. From now on Rico will have the follow-ing jewels woven within her birthday dress.

Profile Box: Is located at the left bank of the river. This is a block where personal or insti-tutional profiles are shared. With the intention to inspire her followers in a better and practical way, Rico will share short profiles of entrepre-neurs, self-motivated educators, technologists, artists (with more emphasis on Creative Writ-ers), outstanding students, innovators, profes-sionals … and also profiles of institutions, wondrous places, communal foundations and organizations, spiritual sites and the like. This block of the river will have a practical inspira-tion mission.

Reflection: The right side of the river bank will be dedicated to reflections from rivers (con-tributors). On this bank, both Triggered and In-spired reflection blocks will be accommodated as usual. Believing everything that flows within this river is a quotable quote, the Quotes block is now omitted. But the triggered and inspired reflection will be more of creative pieces.

Technology, Art and Literature Leaps (TALL): Last but not least with the intention to help sail-ors and divers in river Rico to perform in a skilled way, there will be a big block dedicated for technology, art and literature tips. There, we will share new technology leaps, digital and tra-ditional art skills and literature guidelines from renowned professionals. Moreover Rivers of Consciousness (Rico), will organize a kind of virtual seminar called River Talks Session oc-casionally. This will help respected guests to share their professional and personal experi-ences while inspiring and motivating their fol-lowers. Refreshing Rico is for the convenience of the environment for her contributors. And finally let the river flow in wisdom to the depth of the seas.

Refreshing Rivers of Consciousness

Hermon Tewolde, artist, was born in As-mara in 1985. He completed his elementary, junior and secondary academic pursuit, in Asmara, Eritrea. Hermon began to paint with water colour as early as his childhood peri-od. The key foundation and inspiration for Hermon’s earnest painting aptitude was his uncle. Hermon started to have ardent desire of becoming a painter, the moment he saw his uncle’s artistic works. As a consequence he acquired the skill of art on his own initia-tive. He soon took several formal trainings concerning to painting given by NUEYS and was certified in 2001. Moreover he re-ceived diploma on one year art training in 2004 and on ceramics course for a year and half in 2005. On the top of these, Hermon participated in painting workshop given by Sudanese artists and Eritrean artist, Erimias Okube in 2007. Finally, he took print mak-ing course in Alliance Francaise in 2011. As a result Hermon exhibited a number of his artistic works in different places to name:•Group art exhibition at The Gallery in 2006 and 2007•In 2008, he participated in art exhibition that was carried out in Expo (Festival Eri-trea)• In 2009 he performed a solo exhibition at The Gallery•Group art exhibition in 2011 at the Alliance Francaise •Solo art exhibition in 2013 at The GalleryAs to a self-thought artist, Hermon endeav-oured to depict the most, truthful moods of nature through his paintings. Hermon can be reached by his email: [email protected].

_By: Artist, Yosief Abraha

tips on Literature: Creating Great Characters

Great fiction depends on great characters.That epic fantasy you’re writing might have

the world’s most brilliant plot, setting, and writ-ing... but if your characters are dull, your story won’t soar. The reason is simple. Readers need to care about the story. They want to invest their emotions in your work.

Readers will care about a story if they care about the characters. Even if you’re writing grand scenes of epic battle, they should focus on the characters involved in the conflict. Make those characters so real and important to the readers, that they’ll keep turning the pages to see

what happens to them.So how do we create these characters that read-

ers will love?•Great characters are larger than life: Great

characters are exaggerated. They do things we never would in the real world. They are over the top. By exaggerating their traits, you’ll let them leap from the pages and become real.

•Great characters are complex: Don’t think that characters can be one-note beings. It’s not enough to have “the giant”, “the scoundrel”, or “the funny one”. Your characters need to have the complexi-ties of a real person. That means a history, mo-tives, dreams, fears, loves, interests, and desires.

•Heroes and villains: Let’s face it, perfect he-

roes are boring. If a character is always altru-istic, righteous, and infallible, we lose interest (or worse, get annoyed with him). We might admire the character, but he’ll make us yawn. Enter the flawed hero, and he’ll steal our interest right away.

•Let your characters direct the plot: We now come to what is, perhaps, the most important point. Once you really know the characters, let them write the story. Place the characters into the setting of the story, and let them direct the flow. Remember this: Great characters drive the plot. Not the other way around.

Source: http://www.danielarenson.com/MothExcerpt.aspx

Trigger in The Gallery (Art Exhibition by Art-ist Hermon Tewolde – (Nov 7 to Nov 13, 2013): Finding artist Hermon Tewolde at The Gallery I triggered him by this trigger: “You are presenting this Solo Art Exhibition under the title ‘Colour’s Impression’, what do you mean by this?”Reflection: The whole nature is full of colours. What I contemplate and understand is all about colours. Colours along with their beauty fill my impression. The weak and fainted colours of the atmosphere are hard to capture in painting. My endeavour is to conquer these. My art works are full of such moments. That is why I called this as ‘Colour’s Impression’. Colours like puzzles have beauty in challenging to represent them as a painter. Colours are better captured at natural light, that of the sun I mean. I prefer to paint in the presence of the sun, where I can make the right combinations colours for my canvas. My paint-ings as many people tell are not clear when look-ing them for a nearer distance, but truly reflect my intention from a distance. The distortion of the at-mospheric mood, for instance when it is raining or cloudy is a bit difficult to paint, but that is the center of my impression!_Hermon Tewolde, Artist : Wednesday, 13th No-vember, 2013 5:30PM

>> UNSHAKABLE


A young woman of 24 has been asking herself, quite often these days, whether she would ever be happily involved with someone and eventually have a fairly tale ending. A question that, unfortunately, neither she nor any other person for that matter could possibly come up with an answer for – or so it seems.

She has been in a couple of relationships in the past 4 years with brief escapades, or flings if you will, in between. Yet she’s of the firm belief that someone out there is actually waiting for her; it’s just that no matter how hard she tried, that someone couldn’t materialize.

One day while talking with a close friend of hers, she tumbled upon a list of characteristics attributed to the ideal man.

A real man calls you beautiful and not hot or sexy.

A real man calls you on 1. a regular basis regardless of his busy schedule.

He looks past what he 2. has heard about you or his friends think about you.

A real man doesn’t tell 3. you what he thinks you want to hear, he tells you what is real.

A real man doesn’t 4. ask questions when you ask for

something. A real man doesn’t leave 5.

you and go playing with his friends when he hasn’t seen you for over a week.

The list went on and the characteristics of “supposedly” real men/guys had this young woman simply wondering if such a person really existed; because the person she last dated not only did he lack these basic traits, but hardly made an effort to build them.

In the course of all her relationships, she couldn’t help noticing that there was always something wrong with the men.

“Is it me? Am I attracting all these losers or it’s just a weird coincidence?” They were still questions that needed answers.

But if she is to get a ‘real’ man then she will definitely need to make sure she is a ‘real’ woman herself. That’s only logical. After all, they did say it takes two to tango.

As a person, she has always been very open, social and friendly, especially with people she is close to.

One of the virtues she is proud of is being faithful to the person with whom she is in a relationship. She never fails to

Fairy Tale Ending: A Glimpse into What Women Want

show her emotions and feelings while at the same time bestowing all the love that her heart affords to give one person. She knows when to give him his space so he can be himself and knows when to step in and talk to him when she feels like he is going in the wrong direction. She wants that he call her to ask how her day was or how his went.

So, having done all this, is it wrong to expect the same courtesy from her ‘significant other’? One heart always needs another. But then she wonders if Tina Turner had every reason to

sing “…who needs a heart, when a heart can be broken..?

What is it that men want? Yet another question that boggles her mind.

Is it just the fact that they have someone they can call a girlfriend and show off to their friends? They think that just because they have given her a gift or taken her out to dinner, they have accomplished their task and go off wandering.

But we don’t live for that! Whatever happened to commitment?

At times, they get totally the wrong impression of the freedom accorded to them. Days go by without them seeing her and as time passes days turn into weeks, resulting in drifting apart and consequently hurtful break ups.

All she asks from a person is affection, kindness, respect… all coming in that wonderful package known as love.

You might think she is being selfish but is it really that much to ask? I don’t think so. It’s not hard, it’s just called being human.

Browsing on the web, she came across a blog written by a woman, who apparently voiced the same concerns. In her blog the writer pleaded with men for their attention to women they claim they are in love with. This is some of what she said:

“…Women aren’t really a great mystery and it’s really funny that men tend to think that we are. I mean how many men and women out there blame the reason why they can’t find a relationship on the reason that women are all the same.

So before you judge women, please find out what they want in a relationship with their partners.

Don’t worry, there’s nothing like earrings and bracelets (not that women don’t like these things) but, when it’s all said and done, those are just physical representations of the things that are really wanted.

“…Give us romance. Just because we’re dating, doesn’t mean that all romance goes out the window. Treat us like your top priority and give us your undivided attention when we need it. This is better than any gift or love song can ever do. Give us respect. Show us that you respect and support our interests, opinions, career choices, our friends, and more important our bodies. Don’t treat us like a piece of meat. Be honest with us, be kind, and be considerate. We’re not talking just to hear ourselves talk. This is what we want in a relationship…”

Well our young woman is still looking for that person, the prince charming or the knight in shining armor, to come and fill the void in her heart. She is still waiting for that special someone that will give his unconditional love in return for hers, so they would live happily ever after.

People might say she is young and has plenty of time. But then time runs fast and never waits. And for someone who is almost halfway into her twenties and particularly in an Eritrean society where women are not encouraged to go into their thirties before getting married, I don’t think I can say time is in her favor.

So that fairy tale ending … will it ever come?

And will I ever have it? Well you see, I am that young woman!

Chantal B.


Libya says the protests in its oil fields and ports have inflicted an estimated USD six billion in damages on the North African country’s struggling economy since this summer.

Libyan Economy Minister Mustafa Abu Fanas said on Thursday that the country has lost nearly 8 billion Libyan dinars (USD 6.43 billion) since summer, warning that if “blockages continue it will have a big negative impact.”

A blockade by armed groups on key Libyan oilfields and terminals in the east has paralyzed the country’s oil industry, choking output to a tenth of normal levels.

Guards working with the oil industry have been on strike since July and imposed a blockade on oilfields and terminals. Many armed militants and defected soldiers have also joined the guards in their campaign against the government.

Commenting on the protests, the Libyan minister further said,

Former German President Christian Wulff has gone on trial

The world’s oceans are becoming acidic at an “unprecedented rate” and may be souring more rapidly than at any time in the past 300 million years.

In their strongest statement yet on this issue, scientists say acidification could increase by 170% by 2100.

They say that some 30% of ocean species are unlikely to survive in these conditions.

The researchers conclude that human emissions of CO2 are clearly to blame.

The study will be presented at global climate talks in Poland next week.

In 2012, over 500 of the world’s leading experts on ocean acidification gathered in California. Led by the International Biosphere-Geosphere Programme, a review of the state of the science has now been published.

This Summary for Policymakers states with “very high confidence” that increasing acidification is caused by human activities which are adding 24 million tonnes of CO2 to oceans every day.

The addition of so much carbon has altered the chemistry of the

Google has defeated a legal action mounted to stop it scanning and uploading millions of books.

In 2005, the US Authors Guild sued Google alleging that its plans to create a digital library amounted to massive copyright infringement.

In itsdefence, Google said its plans

constituted “fair use” because it was only putting excerpts of texts online.

US judge Denny Chin has now sided with Google and dismissed the case brought by the Guild.

Judge Chin accepted Google’s argument that its scanning project was “fair use” adding that the project provides “significant public benefits”.

The decision could be a significant milestone for the long-running legal

Brazil says the rate of deforestation in the Amazon increased by 28% between August 2012 and last July, after years of decline.

The government is working to reverse this “crime”, Environment Minister Izabella Teixeira said.

Activists have blamed the increase in destruction on a controversial reform to Brazil’s forest protection law.

Last year Brazil reported the lowest rate of deforestation in the Amazon since monitoring began.

The provisional statistics from August 2012 to last July suggest

waters.Since the start of the industrial

revolution, the waters have become 26% more acidic.

“This is the state of the art,” said Prof Jean-Pierre Gattuso, from CNRS, the French national research agency.

“My colleagues have not found in the geological record, rates of change that are faster than the ones we see today.”

What worries the scientists is the potential impact on many ocean species including corals.

Studies carried out at deep sea vents where the waters are naturally acidic thanks to CO2, indicate that around 30% of the ocean’s biodiversity may be lost by the end of this century.

These vents may be a “window on the future” according to the researchers.

that the area suffering deforestation was 5,843 sq km (2,255 sq miles), compared to 4,571 sq km (1,765 sq miles) in the previous 12 months.

Despite the interruption of the decline sequence started in 2009, the latest deforested area still remains the second lowest ever recorded.

The result frustrated the government’s expectations, but several scientific institutions had suggested increases in their monthly deforestation reports.

Environmentalists say the controversial reform of the forest protection law in 2012 is to blame for the upwards trend.

The changes reduced protected areas in farms and declared an amnesty for areas destroyed before 2008.

The reform, a long-standing demand of the country’s farmers’ lobby, known as the ruralists, was

passed after several vetoes by President Dilma Rousseff.

Agriculture accounts for more than 5% of the Brazilian GDP.

“If you sleep with the ruralist lobby, you wake up with deforestation,” Amazon expert Paulo Adario from Greenpeace wrote on Twitter.

Ms Teixeira said the destruction rate was “unacceptable” but denied President Dilma Rousseff’s administration were to blame.

“This swing is not related to any federal government fund cuts for law enforcement,” she told reporters, adding that around 4,000 criminal actions have been taken against deforesters in the past year.

As soon as she returns from Poland, where she is representing Brazil at the United Nations summit on climate change, Ms Teixeira said she would set up a meeting with local governors and mayors of the worst hit areas to discuss strategies to revert the trend.

The majority of Brazil’s greenhouse gas emissions, believed to be one of the main causes of global warming, stem from deforestation.

The Brazilian government made a commitment in 2009 to reduce deforestation in the Amazon by 80% by the year 2020, in relation to the average between 1996 and 2005.

Emissions of CO2 driving rapid oceans ‘acid trip’

Brazil says Amazon deforestation rose 28% in a year

“There are now very intense efforts so this problem will perhaps be solved.”

The conflict has led to dramatic cuts in Libya’s oil exports and production, which have reached their lowest levels since the fall of former dictator Muammar Gaddafi in 2011.

The Libyan government is importing fuel to keep power stations running and queues are growing at petrol stations across the country.

The International Monetary Fund said earlier this week that the North African country’s economy is expected to shrink by 5.1 percent this year.

Libya says protests inflicted $6bn damage

battle between Google, the Authors Guild and US publishers. Both the publishers and authors started legal action over the scanning project in 2005.

Initially, authors and publishers negotiated with Google together. This led to a settlement agreement in 2008 that would have involved

Google paying $125m (£78m) into a fund that would be used to compensate the writers of copyrighted works that appeared in the online library. The agreement also placed restrictions on how much of a book Google could make searchable.

In March 2011, the settlement agreement was thrown out by a US court which said it gave Google a “de facto monopoly” to copy books.

This led US publishers to negotiate separately and they reached an agreement with Google in October 2012. Financial terms of that deal have not been released.

The latest decision denies the copyright claim brought by US authors. Neither Google nor the Authors Guild have commented on the decision.

In April 2013, Google said it had scanned more than 30 million works ready for inclusion in its digital library.

Google wins digital library legal battle

over alleged charges of corruption for accepting favors when he was a state premier.

Wulff arrived in a court in Hanover on Thursday to answer charges that he allowed film producer David Groenewold to pay hotel bills in Munich during the Oktoberfest beer festival in 2008 while he was premier of Lower Saxony.

Arriving for his trial, Wulff told reporters that it “is not an easy day for me,” but said “I’m quite

confident that I’ll be able to clear away the last remaining charges against me.”

Wulff, 54, once an ally of Chancellor Angela Merkel, denied all the allegations, and told the court the “personal damage to me and my family will last, probably for the rest of my life.”

The former president criticized state prosecutors for a case he called a “farce,” adding, “I never accepted any deal. I’m here because I want justice to be done.”

The trial, presided over by three judges but no jury, is expected to last until April next year. If convicted, Wulff faces up to three years in jail or a fine.

Wulff resigned in February 2012, after prosecutors asked parliament to lift his immunity since they suspected him of accepting undue privileges.

After Wulff resigned, former East German anti-Communist dissident and rights activist Joachim Gauck was elected president.

German ex-president on trial for corruption

Oil tankers are seen waiting to refill in the water off the Zawiya

Refinery, some 40 kilometers west of Tripoli. (file photo)

Corals all over the world are threatened by rising rates of acidification in the oceans

Huge swathes of rainforest in the Brazilian Amazon have been cleared

by loggers

Former German president Christian Wulff waits for the start of his trial at a regional court in Hanover, central Germany, on

November 14, 2013