parasites of commercial fish es as bioindicators of marine pollution: a preliminary study
DESCRIPTION
Vertimar 2005. Parasites of commercial fish es as bioindicators of marine pollution: A preliminary study. Ana Pérez-del Olmo , Mercedes Fernández, Francisco E. Montero, Juan Antonio Raga & Aneta Kostadinova. Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Parasites of commercial fishes as
bioindicators of marine pollution:A preliminary study
Ana Pérez-del Olmo, Mercedes Fernández, Francisco E. Montero, Juan Antonio Raga & Aneta Kostadinova
Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology
University of Valencia, Spain
Vertimar 2005
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External anomaliesLength-weight relationshipsDetoxifying enzymesHematological valuesHistopathologyPollutant concentrationParasitism
Bioindicators in marine organisms
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Bioindicators in marine organisms
External anomaliesLength-weight relationshipsDetoxifying enzymesHematological valuesHistopathologyPollutant concentrationParasitism
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Parasites as Bioindicators Transmission through trophic webs (Marcogliese
& Cone, 1997)
Alteration of parasite´s environment (Khan, 1987)
Life cycles shorter than those of their hosts
Heavy metal accumulation (Sures, 2003)
More parasitic than free living species (MacKenzie, 1999)
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“Exxon Valdez” (Alaska)24.03.1989
“Amoco Cadiz” (France)16.03.1978
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Boops boops (Bogue – Boga)
Micromesistius poutassou
(Blue whiting – Lirio)
AimTo investigate the medium-term impact of the oil spill from the “Prestige” using
pre- and post-spill information on parasite infections from two commercial
fish.
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“Prestige” oil spill
13.11.2002
2980 km affected
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Micromesistius poutassouFamily Gadidae
aa
MesopelagicSmall crustaceans (euphausiids, amphipods). Large individuals may prey on fish and cephalopods
3000 m
160 m30 – 400 m
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Vigo
60 fish: 2000 & 2004Micromesistius poutassou
Vigo
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DigeneaDigenea(benthic-neritic)(benthic-neritic)
NematodaNematoda(pelagic)(pelagic)
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Distribution of abundance
Before After Mean SD CV (%) Mean SD CV (%)
Significance
NEMATODA 16.9 8.7 51.5 9.3 6.4 68.7 *** Anisakis simplex ( Rudolphi, 1809) 16.8 8.7 51.7 8.9 6.4 71.3 *** Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802) 0.1 0.3 259.3 0.3 0.7 190.0 ns DIGENEA 3.0 3.1 102.1 0.8 1.0 135.5 ** Stephanostomum spp. 2.7 3.1 112.4 0.7 1.0 147.9 * Prosorhynchus crucibulum (Rudolphi, 1819) 0.3 0.6 218.7 0.1 0.3 315.9 ns
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Boops boopsFamily Sparidae aaaaaaaaaa
Inshore Waters (1 - 200 m)Demersal or semipelagic above various bottoms Omnivorous (young mostly carnivorous, adults mostly herbivorous)
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Malpica
Vigo
OndarroaOndarroa
120 fish: 2001 & 2004Boops boops
2001-2004 2001
2001
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Parasites of Boops boops
Total: 26 metazoan parasites
Isop. Copep. Monoge.
Nematod.
Acantho.
Cestod.
Digen. Total
Vigo 1 - 1 2 - - 10 14
Malpica 1 1 - 1 2 - - 10 14
Ondarroa 1 - 2 2 - - 8 13
Malpica 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 16 26
Before Vigo After Malpica 2Malpica 1 Ondarroa
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8.831.6 361.57235.8 4.171.8 36.7027.7 5.001.2 56.2329.5 4.231.4 52.0744.7
Before
After
Parasite richnessmean SD
Parasite abundance
mean SDMalpica (M2)Malpica (M1)
Vigo (V1)Ondarroa (O1)
Parasite Communities
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0
50
100
150
Samples
P (%)
M2 M1 V1 O1
ns
***
Monoxenous parasites: Prevalence
direct cycle-ectoparasites
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Prevalence of monoxenous by group
Monoxenous parasites: Species richness
ns
***
ns
***
Monoxenous parasites: Abundance
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MONOXENOUS PARASITES (direct cycle-ectoparasites)
HETEROXENOUS PARASITES(indirect cycle-endoparasites)
Ratio Sm/Sh
Diamant et al. (2003)
ns
***
0,000,050,100,150,200,250,300,350,400,450,50
Samples
Sm/Sh
M2 M1 V1 O1
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PAHsImmunosupression
ELEVATED LEVELS OF MONOXENOUS INFECTIONS
Gill hyperplasiaExcessive mucous secretionCoagulation of mucus
Haensy et al. (1982): Amoco Cadiz oil spill Moles & Wade (2001): experimental studyKhan (1990; 2003): experimental & field studies
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Pollution & Parasites
increase
Immunosupression
EctoparasitesEctoparasites Endoparasites
decrease
Interruption of life cycles
MacKenzie (1999), Khan (2003)
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* No substantial perturbation of the benthic intermediate hosts
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Samples
No. I nd.
M2 M1 V1 O1
ns
***
Heteroxenous parasites: Abundance
Heteroxenous parasites: Species richness
ns
***
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Samples
No. sp.
M2 M1 V1 O1
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0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0 2 4 6
Mean no. of sp.
Mea
n no
. of i
nd.
Still …
3 Atlantic3 Mediterranean
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Future research
Parasitism Length-weight relationshipExternal anomaliesHematological valuesHistopathologyPollutant concentration
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Thanks are due to:Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (APO
holds a FPU grant and MF holds a “Ramón y Cajal” contract)
Fundación Azti (Sukarrieta), IIM (CSIC)Pescados Rivas (Fisterra), Lonjas de Bueu
y RibeiraUnidad de Zoología Marina (ICBIBE,
Universitat de València)
Thanks for your attention!
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90,0091,0092,0093,0094,0095,00
96,0097,0098,0099,00
100,00101,00
MV4A spr ing 00 summer 00 autumn 00 winter 00 spr ing 010,00
2,00
4,00
6,00
8,00
10,00
12,00
14,00
16,00
18,00
20,00
prevalencia abundancia
Micromesistius poutassou