Organic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry

The study of all compounds containing carbon.

Carbon is the basis for life on Earth.

This unit will focus on hydrocarbon compounds.Compounds containing only hydrogen

and carbon

The study of all compounds containing carbon.

Carbon is the basis for life on Earth.

This unit will focus on hydrocarbon compounds.Compounds containing only hydrogen

and carbon

ReviewReview

How many valence electrons does carbon have? How many bonds does carbon need?

How many valence electrons does hydrogen have? How many bonds does hydrogen need?

Shapes are predicted by VSEPR theory. Shapes of organic molecules will change as a result of single, double, or triple bonds.

Most likely shapes will be tetrahedral, trigonal planar or linear.

How many valence electrons does carbon have? How many bonds does carbon need?

How many valence electrons does hydrogen have? How many bonds does hydrogen need?

Shapes are predicted by VSEPR theory. Shapes of organic molecules will change as a result of single, double, or triple bonds.

Most likely shapes will be tetrahedral, trigonal planar or linear.

AlkanesAlkanes

Hydrocarbons with only single covalent bondsaka - saturated hydrocarbons

carbon-carbon bonds are very stable and form chains

Ethane - simplest alkane with a carbon-carbon bond - C2H6

Hydrocarbons with only single covalent bondsaka - saturated hydrocarbons

carbon-carbon bonds are very stable and form chains

Ethane - simplest alkane with a carbon-carbon bond - C2H6

Continuous-chain alkanesContinuous-chain alkanes

Contain any number of atoms in a straight chain.

Names will end in -aneNames are given by the International

Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

You need to memorize the 1st ten and their prefix meanings.

You will not be allowed to use your periodic table.

Contain any number of atoms in a straight chain.

Names will end in -aneNames are given by the International

Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

You need to memorize the 1st ten and their prefix meanings.

You will not be allowed to use your periodic table.

The 1st ten continuous chain alkanes

The 1st ten continuous chain alkanes

Methane CH4

Ethane C2H6

Propane C3H8

Butane C4H10

Pentane C5H12

Hexane C6H14

Heptane C7H16

Octane C8H18

Nonane C9H20

Decane C10H22

The General Formula is - CnH2n+2

Methane CH4

Ethane C2H6

Propane C3H8

Butane C4H10

Pentane C5H12

Hexane C6H14

Heptane C7H16

Octane C8H18

Nonane C9H20

Decane C10H22

The General Formula is - CnH2n+2

FormulasFormulas

molecular C2H6

H Hstructural H - C - C - H

H Hcondensed CH3-CH2-CH2

skeleton C-C-C-C

molecular C2H6

H Hstructural H - C - C - H

H Hcondensed CH3-CH2-CH2

skeleton C-C-C-C

Alkenesunsaturated hydrocarbons

Alkenesunsaturated hydrocarbons

Organic compounds with a carbon-carbon double bond.

Example - Ethene

General formula CnH2n

Organic compounds with a carbon-carbon double bond.

Example - Ethene

General formula CnH2n

AlkenesAlkenesNaming alkenesThe ending of the parent chain will end in -

ene. Place a number out front followed by a dash to tell the location of the double bond.

Example - Name the following:C=C-C-C C-C=C-C C-C-C=C1-butene 2-butene 1-buteneCount left to right and right to left. Name

the compound with the smallest number possible.

Naming alkenesThe ending of the parent chain will end in -

ene. Place a number out front followed by a dash to tell the location of the double bond.

Example - Name the following:C=C-C-C C-C=C-C C-C-C=C1-butene 2-butene 1-buteneCount left to right and right to left. Name

the compound with the smallest number possible.

AlkynesUnsaturated Hydrocarbons

AlkynesUnsaturated Hydrocarbons

Organic compounds with a carbon-carbon triple bond.

Example - Ethynecommon name acetylene

General formula CnH2n-2

Organic compounds with a carbon-carbon triple bond.

Example - Ethynecommon name acetylene

General formula CnH2n-2

AlkynesAlkynes

Naming AlkynesSame as alkenes but ending will be

-yneExample - Name the following:C≡C-C-C-C C-C≡C-C-C C-C-C≡C-C1-pentyne 2-pentyne 2-

pentyne

Naming AlkynesSame as alkenes but ending will be

-yneExample - Name the following:C≡C-C-C-C C-C≡C-C-C C-C-C≡C-C1-pentyne 2-pentyne 2-

pentyne

Your TurnsYour TurnsName the following and give the

molecular formula:1. C-C-C=C-C-C 2. C-C-C-C-C≡C-C3. C-C-C-C-C-C 4. C-C-C-C-C-C=C-C-C-

C5. C≡C-C 6. C-C-C-CAnswers1) 3-hexene C6H12 2) 2-heptyne C7H12 3) hexane C6H14 4) 4-decene C10H20 5) 1-propyne (propyne) C3H4

6) butane (C4H10)

Name the following and give the molecular formula:

1. C-C-C=C-C-C 2. C-C-C-C-C≡C-C3. C-C-C-C-C-C 4. C-C-C-C-C-C=C-C-C-

C5. C≡C-C 6. C-C-C-CAnswers1) 3-hexene C6H12 2) 2-heptyne C7H12 3) hexane C6H14 4) 4-decene C10H20 5) 1-propyne (propyne) C3H4

6) butane (C4H10)

Your TurnYour Turn

Draw the following:4-Octyne H H H H H H H-C-C-C-C≡C-C-C-C-H H H H H H H

Draw the following:4-Octyne H H H H H H H-C-C-C-C≡C-C-C-C-H H H H H H H