Organic Compounds

Carbon compounds

Made by living organisms

A few carbon compounds are considered inorganic: carbon oxides, carbides, carbonates

Carbon

• Always share electrons

• Four covalent bonds

Organic

• Hydrogen

• Atoms near Carbon: nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, halogens

• Other carbon atoms – form chains, branches, rings, cage-like forms

• Millions of different carbon-based compounds have been identified

Hydrocarbons

• Contain only carbon and hydrogen

• How many are there?

FYI Cracking

• Break large chains of hydrocarbons

• Process: absence of oxygen

needs a catalyst

• Gasoline

• Plastic products

films

synthetic fabrics

One Example

Fracking is the process of drilling down into the earth before a high-pressure water mixture is directed at the rock to release the gas inside. Water, sand and chemicals are injected into the rock at high pressure which allows the gas to flow out to the head of the well.

In Michigan, fracking is done with CO2 fromcoal plants.They pump the CO2 into the ground insteadof into the air. Less air pollution and it replacesthe water, sand and chemicals.Put new coal processing plants directly on top of oil so they do not have to worry about delivery issues.

Recall Types of Covalent Bonds

Methane CH4

Saturated HydrocarbonsAll single bonds

Isomers

Two or more compounds with the same molecular formula but different molecular structures.

How many ways can you arrange C4H10?

C4H10

Structural Isomers of Butane

FYI Stereoisomers

FYI Chirality

Saturated Isomers

Propane C2H6 Are there any isomers?

Pentane C5H12

Draw all the isomers.

Isomers of Pentane

Shorthand Isomers

Naming Isomers of Pentane

4 3 2 1

Start with butaneReplace one H with Cl

1-chlorobutane

4 3 2 1

Start with butaneReplace one H with Cl

2-chlorobutane

4 3 2 1

Start with butaneReplace one H with Cl

4-chlorobutane

4 3 2 1

Start with ButaneReplace one H with Cl and another with Br

4-bromo-1-chlorobutane

4 3 2 1

Practice: Draw and Name

Start with Butane

1. Bromine on #3

2. Bromine on #2 and Chlorine #3

3. 2 bromines on #4

Practice

1. 1-bromo-4-chloropentane

2. 1-chloro-3-bromo-5-chloropentane

3. Name

4. Name

Polymer: repeated unit

Mono and Poly Saccharide

Lipids (store energy)Saturated and Unsaturated Fats