carbon compounds chapter 2 sec. 3. carbon organic compounds contain carbon
TRANSCRIPT
Carbon CompoundsChapter 2 sec. 3
Macromolecules• Monomer• -simplest form
• Polymers• -repeating monomers
• Macromolecules• -made up of polymers
Molecules of life• 4 essential organic
compounds essential to life
1. Carbohydrates2. Lipids3. Proteins4. Nucleic acids
Carbohydrates• Composed of carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen• Used as main source of
energy
1. Monosaccharides2. Disaccharides3. Polysaccharides
Monosaccharides• “Simple sugar”
• Ratio of 1:2:1 (CH2O)
• Glucose C6H12O6
• Fructose = fruit• Galactose = milk
Polysaccharide• Composed of 3 or more
monosaccharides
• EX. Glycogen – many glucose molecules
• Cellulose and starch
Lipids• Large nonpolar organic
molecules that do not dissolve in water
• Large # carbon and hydrogen bonds
Fatty acids• Unbranched carbon chains
that make up most lipids
1. Triglycerides2. Phospholipids3. Waxes
Triglycerides• 3 fatty acids
and a alcohol glycerol
• Saturated (shortening and fats) (solids)
• Unsaturated (energy) (liquids)
Phospholipids• 2 fatty acids joined to glycerol• Cell membrane = lipid bilayer
Wax• Long fatty acid chain joined to
long alcohol chain• Waterproofing – plants and
animals
Nucleic Acids• Very large and complex • Store important info in cell
1)Nucleic acids2)Nucleotides3)DNA
Structure of DNA
• One Nucleotide consists of:
1. Phosphate group
2. Sugar (deoxyribose)
3. Nucleic Acid
Nucleic Acids• DNA and RNA =
deoxyribonucleic acid • polymers of nucleotides
Proteins• Carbon,hydrogen,oxygen and
nitrogen• Building blocks of proteins
Amino Acids
• 20 different types
1) Amino acid2) Dipeptide3) polypeptide
Dipeptides• 2 amino acids bonded together• Peptide bond = bond between
amino acids
Polypeptide• Long chains of amino acids
Enzymes• Catalyst in reactions• Enzymes are proteins
Ex. Digestive enzymes
Enzymes and Proteins• Fit “lock and key” to substrate
to produce product• (very specific for what they
bond too)